The DEAH-box RNA helicase DHX15 activates NF-κB and MAPK signaling downstream of MAVS during antiviral responses.
Sci Signal 2014;
7:ra40. [PMID:
24782566 DOI:
10.1126/scisignal.2004841]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During infection with an RNA virus, the DExD/H-box RNA helicases RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I) and MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5) activate the interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways through an unknown mechanism involving the adaptor protein MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling). We used a Drosophila misexpression screen to identify DEAH-box polypeptide 15 (DHX15) as an activator of the p38 MAPK pathway. Human DHX15 contributed to the activation of the NF-κB, JNK, and p38 MAPK pathways, but not the IRF3 pathway, in response to the synthetic double-stranded RNA analog poly(I:C) (polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid), and DHX15 was required for optimal cytokine production in response to poly(I:C) and infection with RNA virus. DHX15 physically interacted with MAVS and mediated the MAVS-dependent activation of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Furthermore, DHX15 was required for poly(I:C)- and RNA virus-dependent, MAVS-mediated apoptosis. Thus, our findings indicate that, in RIG-I-like receptor signaling, DHX15 specifically stimulates the NF-κB and MAPK pathways downstream of MAVS and contributes to MAVS-mediated cytokine production and apoptosis.
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