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Haghani A, Cacciottolo M, Doty K, Sioutas C, Town T, Morgan T, Levine M. CIGARETTES AND AIR POLLUTION SHOW CONVERGENT INTERACTIONS WITH APOE-SEX IN HUMANS AND MICE. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.3226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Haghani
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - M Cacciottolo
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - K Doty
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - C Sioutas
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - T Town
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - T Morgan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - M Levine
- Yale School of Medicine, United States;. Caleb Finch, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Gate D, Doty K, Leung B, Rodriguez J, Masliah E, Town T. O2‐14‐02: Irak‐m removal endorses microglia‐mediated amyloid phagocytosis and improves cognitive impairment in psapp mice. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.07.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Gate
- University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Kevin Doty
- University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Brian Leung
- University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
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Guillot-Sestier MV, Doty K, Gate D, Rodriguez J, Leung B, Rezai-Zadeh K, Town T. O2‐05‐02: Il10 deficiency licenses innate immunity to fight against cerebral amyloidosis. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.07.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Doty
- University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - David Gate
- University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - Brian Leung
- University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
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Botten G, Scumpia P, Doty K, Smale S. Global regulation of Toll-like receptor 4-induced inflammatory gene networks by physiologic stress signals in macrophages (INM7P.356). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.194.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Physiologic stress mediated through adrenergic (catecholamines) and neuroendocrine (glucocorticoids) signals negatively impacts cutaneous host defense to pathogens and worsens inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on macrophages and other innate immune cells sense danger signals and trigger innate and adaptive immunity, but whether these stress stimuli affect similar or exclusive TLR-dependent immune pathways is unclear. We hypothesize that quantitative analysis by RNAseq will provide critical information into the mechanism by which stress affects macrophage inflammatory signaling. Using RNASeq, we find distinct regulatory profiles for β-adrenergic agonist and GC on TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses. β-adrenergic stimuli are highly selective inhibitors of a small subset of TLR4-inducible genes, inhibiting less than 15 genes by 5-fold or more (80% inhibition), showing striking selectivity. Three of these genes, Il12b, Il27, and Il6, are induced with similar kinetics and high magnitude, suggesting similar regulation of these genes. In contrast, the glucocorticoid Dexamethasone (Dex) inhibited 22 of the 283 induced genes. Importantly, Dex targeted a different subset of inflammatory genes, including Il1b, Il1a, and Ptgs2. In conclusion, we found that adrenergic and neuroendocrine stress signaling targets distinct macrophage inflammatory responses, which may cooperate to inhibit different immune pathways during a physiologic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Scumpia
- 1MIMG, David Geffen Sch. of Med. at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Stephen Smale
- 1MIMG, David Geffen Sch. of Med. at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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Rajakumar A, Doty K, Daftary A, Markovic N, Conrad KP. Expression of von Hippel Lindau (pVHL) protein in placentae from normal pregnant women and women with preeclampsia. Placenta 2005; 27:411-21. [PMID: 15955559 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2005.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2004] [Revised: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 04/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxia inducible transcription factors, HIF-1alpha and -2alpha proteins, are overexpressed in placentae from women with preeclampsia (Biol Reprod 2001;64:499-506; Biol Reprod 2001;64:1019-1020). Normally, these proteins are regulated in an oxygen-dependent manner being rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal pathway. Recent studies have shown that the tumor suppressor protein, von Hippel Lindau (VHL), targets HIF for ubiquitinylation under nonhypoxic conditions. The objectives of the present work were: (1) to investigate VHL protein expression in normal pregnant (NP), preeclamptic (PE), and preterm (without PE) placentae, (2) to test whether VHL protein is hypoxia inducible in term and first trimester placental villous explants, and (3) to analyze the ontogeny of VHL protein expression in the human placenta. To begin evaluating the potential contribution of VHL to HIF overexpression in preeclamptic placentae, we analyzed the levels of the VHL protein in both normal and preeclamptic placentae (n=7 each). We hypothesized a deficiency of VHL protein in preeclamptic placentae. Eight biopsy sites were tested in each placenta and protein extracts were made. Western analysis was performed using VHL specific antibodies. Human renal adenocarcinoma (ACHN) cell extracts and extracts from COS-7 cells transfected with a VHL expression vector were used as positive controls. In a total of 112 biopsy sites that were analyzed (56 each for normal and preeclamptic placentae), the composite densitometry ratios (PE/NP) for the long (28 kDa) and short (19 kDa) forms of VHL were 1.09+/-0.2 and 1.16+/-0.11, respectively (both p=NS vs 1.0). A ratio of 1.0 indicates equal expression by preeclamptic and normal placentae. The same placentae exhibited composite densitometry (PE/NP) ratios of 1.97+/-0.23 and 1.68+/-0.20 for HIF-1alpha and -2alpha proteins, respectively (both p<0.05 vs 1.0). In a separate analysis, the protein expression of the short form of VHL was also comparable among NP, PE and preterm (n=6) placentae. VHL immunoreactivity was localized to cells within the basal plate and the syncytiotrophoblast. Despite induction of HIF proteins by hypoxia in first and term villous explants, there was no significant upregulation of VHL proteins. Finally, the expression of both the short and long forms of VHL protein decreased with gestational age (both p<0.05 by ANOVA), and in villous tissue from first trimester placentae VHL immunoreactivity was predominantly localized to the cytotrophoblast. These results suggest that (1) deficiency of VHL protein does not account for HIF-alpha overexpression in preeclamptic placentae, (2) VHL protein is not regulated by hypoxia in either first trimester or term placental villous explants, and (3) VHL protein expression in the placenta decreases as a function of gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rajakumar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Abstract
Pre-eclamptic (PE) placentae overexpress hypoxia inducible transcription factors-1alpha and -2alpha proteins (Biol. Repro. 64: 499-506, 2001; Ibid 1019-1020). Possible explanations include (a) impaired oxygen-dependent reduction, and/or (b) enhanced sensitivity to reduced oxygen. After 18 h equilibration under 21 per cent O(2) atmosphere, we subjected villous explants prepared from placentae of normal pregnant (NP) and pre-eclamptic (PE) women (n=8 each) to 4h of hypoxia (2 per cent oxygen), and then studied the disappearance of HIF-1alpha and -2alpha proteins during subsequent oxygenation over 90 min (21 per cent oxygen). The disappearance of these HIF proteins as assessed by Western analysis was significantly impaired in the pre-eclamptic tissues. Even after 18h equilibration under a 21 per cent O(2) atmosphere, and then a further 4h at 21 per cent O(2), HIF-1alpha and -2alpha protein expression remained increased in villous explants from PE women (both P< 0.04 vs NP). To address whether chronic hypoxia per se (which is believed to exist in the pre-eclamptic placenta) might contribute to these findings, we subjected villous explants from normal placentae (n=6) to 18 h preincubation under 2 per cent or 21 per cent oxygen prior to subsequent incubation for 4h at 2 per cent oxygen and then 90 min at 21 per cent oxygen. The time course of disappearance of HIF proteins during oxygenation was similar irrespective of the 2 per cent or 21 per cent preconditioning. To evaluate oxygen sensitivity, we exposed villous explants from NP and PE women (n=6 each) to different oxygen atmospheres for 4h and measured HIF protein induction. Although the data showed a significant inverse relationship between HIF expression and oxygen concentration, there was no significant difference between the slopes of this relationship for the two groups of women. We conclude that villous explants from PE placentae fail to adequately downregulate HIF protein expression upon oxygenation. This abnormality may contribute to their overexpression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rajakumar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Magee-Women's Research Institute, PA 15213, USA
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Bartuszevige AM, Capparella AP, Harper RG, Frick JA, Criley B, Doty K, Erhart E. Organochlorine pesticide contamination in grassland-nesting passerines that breed in North America. Environ Pollut 2002; 117:225-232. [PMID: 11916037 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(01)00272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides and metabolites were measured in grassland-nesting passerines that breed in North America. We also examined testes of male birds for abnormalities that may have resulted from pesticide exposure. Forty-four of 99 individuals contained one or more organochlorine pesticides above the detection limit, representing nine of 10 species. The most prevalent compound detected was p,p'-DDE (minimum-maximum levels: 7.55-285.85 ng/g, carcass concentration). Insectivorous birds had significantly higher levels of p,p'-DDE than both omnivores and granivores. Birds that frequented moist grassland habitats had significantly higher levels of p,p'-DDE than those that frequented drier grassland habitats. No evidence of feminization was observed in any of the testes analyzed, however, other endpoint effects of contamination (e.g. hormone levels and immunological parameters) should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Bartuszevige
- Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal 61790, USA
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Abstract
Numerous factors are involved in the spread of secondary damage in spinal cord after traumatic injury, including ischemia, edema, increased excitatory amino acids, and oxidative damage to the tissue from reactive oxygen species. Neutrophils and macrophages can produce reactive oxygen species when activated and thus may contribute to the lipid peroxidation that is known to occur after spinal cord injury. This study examined the rostral-caudal distribution of neutrophils and macrophages/microglia at 4, 6, 24, and 48 h after contusion injury to the T10 spinal cord of rat (10 g weight, 50 mm drop). Neutrophils were located predominantly in necrotic regions, with a time course that peaked at 24 h as measured with assays of myeloperoxidase activity (MPO). The sharpest peak of MPO activity was localized between 4 mm rostral and caudal to the injury. Macrophages/microglia were visualized with antibodies against ED1 and OX-42. Numerous cells with a phagocytic morphology were present by 24 h, with a higher number by 48 h. These cells were predominantly located within the gray matter and dorsal funiculus white matter. The number of cells gradually declined through 6 mm rostral and caudal to the lesion. OX-42 staining also revealed reactive microglia with blunt processes, particularly at levels distant to the lesion. The number of macrophages/microglia was significantly correlated with the amount of tissue damage at each level. Treatments to decrease the inflammatory response are likely to be beneficial to recovery of function after traumatic spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Carlson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0084, USA
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Smith F, Doty K, Taylor C, Bogardus J. What the students have to say. Can J Psychiatr Nurs 1983; 24:5-7. [PMID: 6559616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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