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Jilani S, Saco JD, Mugarza E, Pujol-Morcillo A, Chokry J, Ng C, Abril-Rodriguez G, Berger-Manerio D, Pant A, Hu J, Gupta R, Vega-Crespo A, Baselga-Carretero I, Chen JM, Shin DS, Scumpia P, Radu RA, Chen Y, Ribas A, Puig-Saus C. CAR-T cell therapy targeting surface expression of TYRP1 to treat cutaneous and rare melanoma subtypes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1244. [PMID: 38336975 PMCID: PMC10858182 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A major limitation to developing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies for solid tumors is identifying surface proteins highly expressed in tumors but not in normal tissues. Here, we identify Tyrosinase Related Protein 1 (TYRP1) as a CAR-T cell therapy target to treat patients with cutaneous and rare melanoma subtypes unresponsive to immune checkpoint blockade. TYRP1 is primarily located intracellularly in the melanosomes, with a small fraction being trafficked to the cell surface via vesicular transport. We develop a highly sensitive CAR-T cell therapy that detects surface TYRP1 in tumor cells with high TYRP1 overexpression and presents antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo in murine and patient-derived cutaneous, acral and uveal melanoma models. Furthermore, no systemic or off-tumor severe toxicities are observed in an immunocompetent murine model. The efficacy and safety profile of the TYRP1 CAR-T cell therapy supports the ongoing preparation of a phase I clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameeha Jilani
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Justin D Saco
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edurne Mugarza
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aleida Pujol-Morcillo
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Chokry
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Clement Ng
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel Abril-Rodriguez
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Berger-Manerio
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ami Pant
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jane Hu
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rubi Gupta
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Agustin Vega-Crespo
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ignacio Baselga-Carretero
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jia M Chen
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Sanghoon Shin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philip Scumpia
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System-West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roxana A Radu
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne Chen
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Puig-Saus
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Garcia G, Sharma A, Ramaiah A, Sen C, Purkayastha A, Kohn DB, Parcells MS, Beck S, Kim H, Bakowski MA, Kirkpatrick MG, Riva L, Wolff KC, Han B, Yuen C, Ulmert D, Purbey PK, Scumpia P, Beutler N, Rogers TF, Chatterjee AK, Gabriel G, Bartenschlager R, Gomperts B, Svendsen CN, Betz UAK, Damoiseaux RD, Arumugaswami V. Antiviral drug screen identifies DNA-damage response inhibitor as potent blocker of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108940. [PMID: 33784499 PMCID: PMC7969873 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has currently precipitated the COVID-19 global health crisis. We developed a medium-throughput drug-screening system and identified a small-molecule library of 34 of 430 protein kinase inhibitors that were capable of inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect in human epithelial cells. These drug inhibitors are in various stages of clinical trials. We detected key proteins involved in cellular signaling pathways mTOR-PI3K-AKT, ABL-BCR/MAPK, and DNA-damage response that are critical for SARS-CoV-2 infection. A drug-protein interaction-based secondary screen confirmed compounds, such as the ATR kinase inhibitor berzosertib and torin2 with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Berzosertib exhibited potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in multiple cell types and blocked replication at the post-entry step. Berzosertib inhibited replication of SARS-CoV-1 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) as well. Our study highlights key promising kinase inhibitors to constrain coronavirus replication as a host-directed therapy in the treatment of COVID-19 and beyond as well as provides an important mechanism of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arun Sharma
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Arunachalam Ramaiah
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chandani Sen
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arunima Purkayastha
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Donald B Kohn
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark S Parcells
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Sebastian Beck
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heeyoung Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Malina A Bakowski
- Calibr, a division of Scripps Research Institute, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Melanie G Kirkpatrick
- Calibr, a division of Scripps Research Institute, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Laura Riva
- Calibr, a division of Scripps Research Institute, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Karen C Wolff
- Calibr, a division of Scripps Research Institute, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brandon Han
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Constance Yuen
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David Ulmert
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Prabhat K Purbey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Philip Scumpia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nathan Beutler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas F Rogers
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; UC San Diego Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Arnab K Chatterjee
- Calibr, a division of Scripps Research Institute, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gülsah Gabriel
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg partner site, Heidelberg, Germany; Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Gomperts
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | - Robert D Damoiseaux
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Scumpia P, Deshayes S, Griffin D, Weaver W. 1472 Subcutaneous injection of MAP scaffolds to enable inflammation control and de novo tissue generation. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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4
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Scumpia P, Deshayes S, Griffin D, Weaver W. 1470 A synthetic, flowable wound matrix that improves vascularization and modulates immune response in porcine wound healing. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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5
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Dreyer S, Mednik S, Truong A, Worswick S, Scumpia P, Neill D, Kannan S, Hogeling M. Skin lesions serve as clues to relapse of pediatric blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm. Pediatr Dermatol 2018; 35:e132-e135. [PMID: 29436012 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A 10-year-old girl with a history of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm, a rare malignancy in children, presented with recurrent skin eruptions beginning while on maintenance chemotherapy, including mildly pruritic skin-colored plaques, tender indurated nodules, and violaceous bound-down plaques. This case highlights an unusual presentation of relapsed blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm on chemotherapy, with skin lesions providing important clues to the progression of systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Dreyer
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne Mednik
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Allison Truong
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott Worswick
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philip Scumpia
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Neill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Swati Kannan
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marcia Hogeling
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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6
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Okhovat JP, Hsiao JL, Scumpia P, Yoo KY. Levofloxacin-induced purpura annularis telangiectodes of Majocchi. Cutis 2017; 100:E10-E12. [PMID: 29136063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Phillip Okhovat
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, and Southern California Permanente Medical Group of South Bay, Gardena, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hsiao
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, and Southern California Permanente Medical Group of South Bay, Gardena, USA
| | - Philip Scumpia
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, and Southern California Permanente Medical Group of South Bay, Gardena, USA
| | - Ki-Young Yoo
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, and Southern California Permanente Medical Group of South Bay, Gardena, USA
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Abstract
Large difficult to heal ulcers of various etiologies carry a high morbidity and mortality rate. Becaplermin is a recombinant platelet-derived growth factor approved for treatment of diabetic ulcers. In this two-case series, we report the use of becaplermin in the treatment of ulcers due to (i) calciphylaxis, an often fatal condition resulting from systemic calcification and thrombosis of vessels and (ii) pyoderma gangrenosum (PG), a neutrophilic dermatosis. We also report that topical collagenase worsened PG ulcers, consistent with pathergy. Becaplermin can be used to help treat ulcers resulting from calciphylaxis and PG. These encouraging results lend support for the utilization of becaplermin in the treatment of nondiabetic chronic ulcers of various etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarah Doaty
- Division of Rheumatology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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8
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Scumpia P, Botten G, Kelly-Scumpia K, Modlin R, Smale S. Physiologic stress molecules activate an acute phase response and enhance macrophage antimicrobial activity to Mycobacterium leprae (INM3P.411). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.127.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Leprosy is a disease caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium leprae (mLEP). Patients can present with the progressive, lepromatous form of the disease or the self-limited, tuberculoid form of the disease. Physiologic stress is thought to inhibit host defense mediated by adrenergic catecholamines and neuroendocrine glucocorticoids. We hypothesize that acute treatment with adrenergic agents or glucocorticoids would inhibit in vitro macrophage mediated antimicrobial activity. Human monocyte-derived macrophages or mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages were treated with the adrenergic agonist metaproterenol hemisulfate (MPH, 1μM) or the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex, 100nM) for two hours followed by LPS (100ng/ml) or mLEP (MOI 5). RNASeq was performed at various time points or an mLEP viability measurement was performed at 24 hours following infection. Unexpectedly, when compared to vehicle (DMSO), pretreatment with MPH resulted in greatly enhanced antimicrobial activity against mLEP, similar to interferon-γ pretreatment, whereas Dex resulted in a more modest induction of antimicrobial activity. Both Dex and MPH did not reduce the expression of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin, but did induce a dramatic increase in expression of genes involved in the acute phase response. Our findings suggest that molecules involved in the physiological stress response may be acutely beneficial during initial encounter with mLEP.
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9
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Botten G, Scumpia P, Doty K, Smale S. Global regulation of Toll-like receptor 4-induced inflammatory gene networks by physiologic stress signals in macrophages (INM7P.356). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.194.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Physiologic stress mediated through adrenergic (catecholamines) and neuroendocrine (glucocorticoids) signals negatively impacts cutaneous host defense to pathogens and worsens inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on macrophages and other innate immune cells sense danger signals and trigger innate and adaptive immunity, but whether these stress stimuli affect similar or exclusive TLR-dependent immune pathways is unclear. We hypothesize that quantitative analysis by RNAseq will provide critical information into the mechanism by which stress affects macrophage inflammatory signaling. Using RNASeq, we find distinct regulatory profiles for β-adrenergic agonist and GC on TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses. β-adrenergic stimuli are highly selective inhibitors of a small subset of TLR4-inducible genes, inhibiting less than 15 genes by 5-fold or more (80% inhibition), showing striking selectivity. Three of these genes, Il12b, Il27, and Il6, are induced with similar kinetics and high magnitude, suggesting similar regulation of these genes. In contrast, the glucocorticoid Dexamethasone (Dex) inhibited 22 of the 283 induced genes. Importantly, Dex targeted a different subset of inflammatory genes, including Il1b, Il1a, and Ptgs2. In conclusion, we found that adrenergic and neuroendocrine stress signaling targets distinct macrophage inflammatory responses, which may cooperate to inhibit different immune pathways during a physiologic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Scumpia
- 1MIMG, David Geffen Sch. of Med. at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Stephen Smale
- 1MIMG, David Geffen Sch. of Med. at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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White AC, Khuu JK, Dang CY, Hu J, Tran KV, Liu A, Gomez S, Zhang Z, Yi R, Scumpia P, Grigorian M, Lowry WE. Stem cell quiescence acts as a tumour suppressor in squamous tumours. Nat Cell Biol 2013; 16:99-107. [PMID: 24335650 PMCID: PMC3874399 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In some organs, adult stem cells are uniquely poised to serve as cancer cells of origin. It is unclear, however, whether tumorigenesis is influenced by the activation state of the adult stem cell. Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) act as cancer cells of origin for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and undergo defined cycles of quiescence and activation. The data presented here show that HFSCs are unable to initiate tumors during the quiescent phase of the hair cycle, indicating that the mechanisms that keep HFSCs dormant are dominant to the gain of oncogenes (Ras) or the loss of tumor suppressors (p53). Furthermore, Pten activity is necessary for quiescence based tumor suppression, as its deletion alleviates tumor suppression without affecting proliferation. These data demonstrate that stem cell quiescence is a form of tumor suppression in HFSCs, and that Pten plays a role in maintaining quiescence in the presence of tumorigenic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C White
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, California 90095, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA
| | - J K Khuu
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, California 90095, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA
| | - C Y Dang
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, California 90095, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA
| | - J Hu
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, California 90095, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA
| | - K V Tran
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, California 90095, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA
| | - A Liu
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, California 90095, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA
| | - S Gomez
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, California 90095, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - R Yi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - P Scumpia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA
| | - M Grigorian
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, California 90095, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA
| | - W E Lowry
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, California 90095, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, California 90095, USA [3] Jonsson Cancer Research Center, UCLA, California 90095, USA [4] Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, California 90095, USA
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11
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Efron PA, Matsumoto T, McAuliffe PF, Scumpia P, Ungaro R, Fujita S, Moldawer LL, Foley D, Hemming AW. Major hepatectomy induces phenotypic changes in circulating dendritic cells and monocytes. J Clin Immunol 2009; 29:568-81. [PMID: 19387804 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-009-9291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients undergoing major hepatectomy are at increased risk for post-operative morbidity and mortality, and changes in the phenotype of effector cells may predispose these patients to infectious sequelae. METHODS To better understand post-hepatectomy immune responses, peripheral blood from 15 hepatectomy patients was drawn immediately before and after liver resection and on post-operative days 1, 3, and 5. Circulating monocytes and dendritic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for quantity, phenotype, activation status, human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) expression, and toll-like receptor-2 and -4 expression. RESULTS Major hepatectomy increased the numbers of activated CD16(bright) blood monocytes and the percentage of activated dendritic cells, although monocyte HLA-DR expression was reduced. These results may represent both dysfunctional antigen presentation and pending anergy, as well as cellular priming of immune effector cells. Better understanding of the alterations in innate immunity induced by hepatectomy may identify strategies to reduce infectious outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Shands Hospital, Box 100286, Gainesville, FL 32610-0286, USA.
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