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Alsaffar MJ, Alsheddi FM, Humayun T, Aldalbehi FZ, Alshammari WHS, Aldecoa YS, Burhan NM, El-Saed A, Tawfeeq S, Alanazi KH. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the rates of central line...associated bloodstream infection and catheter-associated urinary tract infection in an.ßintensive care setting:.ßNational experience. Am J Infect Control 2023; 51:1108-1113. [PMID: 37024013 PMCID: PMC10072974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is believed to increase the risk of secondary health care...associated infections. The objective was to estimate the impact of COVID-l9 pandemic on the rates of central line...associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) in the.ßMinistry of Health hospitals across Saudi Arabia. METHODS A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected CLABSI and CAUTI data over a period of 3 years (2019-2021) was done. The data were obtained from the Saudi Health Electronic Surveillance Network. All adult intensive care units in 78 Ministry of Health hospitals that contributed CLABSI or CAUTI data before (2019) and during (2020-2021).ßthe pandemic were included. RESULTS During the study, 1440 CLABSI events and 1119 CAUTI events were identified. CLABSI rates significantly increased in 2020-2021 compared with 2019 (2.50 versus 2.16 per 1000 central line days, P.ß=.ß.010). CAUTI rates significantly decreased in 2020-2021 compared with 2019 (0.96 versus 1.54 per 1000 urinary catheter days, P.ß<.ß.001). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 pandemic is.ßassociated with increased CLABSI rates and reduced CAUTI rates. It.ßis believed to have negative impacts on several infection control practices and surveillance accuracy. The opposite impacts of COVID-19 on CLABSI and CAUTI probably reflect.ßthe nature of their case definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Jaffer Alsaffar
- Surveillance Department, General Directorate of Ministry of Health Riyadh, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Mohammed Alsheddi
- Surveillance Department, General Directorate of Ministry of Health Riyadh, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tabish Humayun
- Surveillance Department, General Directorate of Ministry of Health Riyadh, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fayez Zabar Aldalbehi
- Surveillance Department, General Directorate of Ministry of Health Riyadh, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yvonne Suzette Aldecoa
- Surveillance Department, General Directorate of Ministry of Health Riyadh, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeen Mahmoud Burhan
- Monitoring and Evaluation Department, General Directorate of Ministry of Health Riyadh, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman El-Saed
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh Tawfeeq
- Surveillance Department, General Directorate of Ministry of Health Riyadh, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Hamdan Alanazi
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, General Directorate of Infection Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Alserehi HA, Alqunaibet AM, Al-Tawfiq JA, Alharbi NK, Alshukairi AN, Alanazi KH, Bin Saleh GM, Alshehri AM, Almasoud A, Hashem AM, Alruwaily AR, Alaswad RH, Al-Mutlaq HM, Almudaiheem AA, Othman FM, Aldakeel SA, Abu Ghararah MR, Jokhdar HA, Algwizani AR, Almudarra SS, Albarrag AM. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia: comparing case and control hospitals. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 99:115273. [PMID: 33296851 PMCID: PMC7677039 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) stand at the frontline for fighting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This puts them at higher risk of acquiring the infection than other individuals in the community. Defining immunity status among health care workers is therefore of interest since it helps to mitigate the exposure risk. This study was conducted between May 20th and 30th, 2020. Eighty-five hospitals across Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were divided into 2 groups: COVID-19 referral hospitals are those to which RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were admitted or referred for management (Case-hospitals). COVID-19 nonaffected hospitals where no COVID-19 patients had been admitted or managed and no HCW outbreak (Control hospitals). Next, seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among HCWs was evaluated; there were 12,621 HCWs from the 85 hospitals. There were 61 case-hospitals with 9379 (74.3%) observations, and 24 control-hospitals with 3242 (25.7%) observations. The overall positivity rate by the immunoassay was 299 (2.36%) with a significant difference between the case-hospital (2.9%) and the control-group (0.8%) (P value <0.001). There was a wide variation in the positivity rate between regions and/or cities in Saudi Arabia, ranging from 0% to 6.31%. Of the serology positive samples, 100 samples were further tested using the SAS2pp neutralization assay; 92 (92%) samples showed neutralization activity. The seropositivity rate in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is low and varies across different regions with higher positivity in case-hospitals than control-hospitals. The lack of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) in 8% of the tested samples could mean that assay is a more sensitive assay or that neutralization assay has a lower detection limits; or possibly that some samples had cross-reaction to spike protein of other coronaviruses in the assay, but these were not specific to neutralize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleema Ali Alserehi
- Executive Department of Global Health, Epidemiology, surveillance and preparedness affairs, Executive Department of Research, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ada Mohammed Alqunaibet
- Executive Department of Global Health, Epidemiology, surveillance and preparedness affairs, Executive Department of Research, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, and Quality and Patient Safety Departement, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Naif Khalaf Alharbi
- Vaccine Development Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Nizar Alshukairi
- Department of medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Amer Mohammed Alshehri
- Public Health Lab, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Almasoud
- Vaccine Development Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amaal Rabie Alruwaily
- Executive Department of Global Health, Epidemiology, surveillance and preparedness affairs, Executive Department of Research, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Habeeb Alaswad
- Executive Department of Global Health, Epidemiology, surveillance and preparedness affairs, Executive Department of Research, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Mohammed Al-Mutlaq
- Executive Department of Global Health, Epidemiology, surveillance and preparedness affairs, Executive Department of Research, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulllah Ali Almudaiheem
- Executive Department of Global Health, Epidemiology, surveillance and preparedness affairs, Executive Department of Research, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah Mahmoud Othman
- Research department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Sami Saeed Almudarra
- Executive Department of Global Health, Epidemiology, surveillance and preparedness affairs, Executive Department of Research, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mohammed Albarrag
- Public Health Lab, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alanazi KH, Bin Saleh GM, Hathout HM, Shiha HR, El Sherbini SG, Al Saqer TA, Alqahtani MM, El Dalatony MM. Investigation of varicella outbreak among residents and healthcare workers in psychiatric hospital- Saudi Arabia. Arch Environ Occup Health 2020; 76:116-120. [PMID: 32835629 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1806775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Outbreak is an infection control challenge in health care setting especially when it occurs in a special setting as psychiatric hospitals. Objectives: Investigate and control an outbreak of varicella among patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) in a psychiatric hospital of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A multidisciplinary team of different specialties assigned to assess the situation, confirm the diagnosis, identify the causes and put an action plan to deal with such a situation. Results: The team investigated the varicella outbreak as per the Ministry of Health's (MOH) outbreak guidelines. Multiple risk factors contributed to this outbreak as the location of the outbreak in a psychiatric hospital, breaches in the hospital infection control program. Conclusion: Investigation of this outbreak was conducted as per MOH and CDC definitions and guidelines. Outbreak control plan was instituted and successfully implemented including enforcement of infection control program, the establishment of an employee health program, basic infection control orientation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Hamdan Alanazi
- Master of Public Health, General Directorate of Infection Prevention & Control, Ministry of Health-Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Mohamed Bin Saleh
- Master of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, General Directorate of Infection Prevention & Control, Ministry of Health-Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Mohamed Hathout
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Hala Roushdi Shiha
- Microbiology, General Directorate of Infection Prevention & Control, Ministry of Health-Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherine Gouda El Sherbini
- Clinical Pathology & Microbiology, Infection Prevention & Control Directorate, Riyadh Directorate of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health-Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed Abdulaziz Al Saqer
- Clinical Laboratory Science General Directorate of Infection Prevention & Control, Ministry of Health-Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mashouf Alqahtani
- Haematopathology Board, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Psychiatric Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mervat Mohamed El Dalatony
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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