Repurposing pantoprazole in combination with systemic therapy in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a phase I/II randomized study

Pantoprazole decreases the acidity of the tumor microenvironment by inhibiting proton pumps on the cancer cell. This possibly leads to increased sensitivity to cytotoxic therapy. We conducted a phase I/II randomized controlled trial in adult patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) planned for first-line palliative chemotherapy. Patients were randomized to chemotherapy + / - intravenous (IV) pantoprazole. The primary endpoint in phase I was to determine the maximum safe dose of intravenous pantoprazole, whereas it was progression-free survival (PFS) in phase II. The dose of IV pantoprazole established in phase I was 240 mg. Between Nov'18 and Oct'20, we recruited 120 patients in phase II, 59 on pantoprazole and 61 on the standard arm. Median age was 51 years (IQR 43-60), 80% were men. Systemic therapy was IV cisplatin in 22% and oral-metronomic-chemotherapy (OMC) in 78%. Addition of pantoprazole did not prolong PFS, which was 2.2 months (95% CI 2.07-3.19) in the pantoprazole arm and 2.5 months (95% CI 2.04-3.81, HR, 1.14; 95% CI 0.78-1.66; P = 0.48) in the standard arm. Response rates were similar; pantoprazole arm 8.5%, standard arm 6.6%; P = 0.175. Overall survival was also similar; 5.6 months (95% CI 4.47-8.51) in the pantoprazole arm and 5.4 months (95% CI 3.48-8.54, HR 1.06; 95% CI 0.72-1.57; P = 0.75) in the standard arm. Grade ≥ 3 toxicities were similar. Thus, pantoprazole 240 mg IV added to systemic therapy does not improve outcomes in patients with advanced HNSCC.

Results of Phase III Randomized Trial for Use of Docetaxel as a Radiosensitizer in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer, Unsuitable for Cisplatin-Based Chemoradiation

PURPOSE

There is a lack of published literature on systemic therapeutic options in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC) undergoing chemoradiation. Docetaxel was assessed as a radiosensitizer in this situation.

METHODS

This was a randomized phase II/III study. Adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) with LAHNSCC planned for chemoradiation and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2 and who were cisplatin-ineligible were randomly assigned in 1:1 to either radiation alone or radiation with concurrent docetaxel 15 mg/m² once weekly for a maximum of seven cycles. The primary end point was 2-year disease-free survival (DFS).

RESULTS

The study recruited 356 patients between July 2017 and May 2021. The 2-year DFS was 30.3% (95% CI, 23.6 to 37.4) versus 42% (95% CI, 34.6 to 49.2) in the RT and Docetaxel-RT arms, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.673; 95% CI, 0.521 to 0.868; P value = .002). The corresponding median overall survival (OS) was 15.3 months (95% CI, 13.1 to 22.0) and 25.5 months (95% CI, 17.6 to 32.5), respectively (log-rank P value = .035). The 2-year OS was 41.7% (95% CI, 34.1 to 49.1) versus 50.8% (95% CI, 43.1 to 58.1) in the RT and Docetaxel-RT arms, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.747; 95% CI, 0.569 to 0.980; P value = .035). There was a higher incidence of grade 3 or above mucositis (22.2% v 49.7%; P < .001), odynophagia (33.5% v 52.5%; P < .001), and dysphagia (33% v 49.7%; P = .002) with the addition of docetaxel.

CONCLUSION

The addition of docetaxel to radiation improved DFS and OS in cisplatin-ineligible patients with LAHNSCC.[Media: see text].

"Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in the Elderly: Real-World Outcomes From a Developing Country"

BACKGROUND

Treatment of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) in the elderly aims to achieve disease remission while minimizing treatment-related toxicities. The use of anthracycline in the elderly is associated with increased risk of cardiotoxicity and myelosuppression. Non-anthracycline-based regimens have commonly been used in patients with cardiac contraindications or anticipated severe toxicities to anthracyclines.

METHODS

We retrospectively analyzed the treatment outcomes of patients, aged 60 years and above, newly diagnosed with DLBCL at our center. Of a total of 218 patients, 71 patients received the R-CHOP regimen (Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine and Prednisolone) and 137 received R-CE (Etoposide) OP chemotherapy. The decision to substitute etoposide for doxorubicin was based on physician's discretion depending on the performance status, cardiac comorbidities and frailty as well as available resources for supportive care.

RESULTS

The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate in the R-CHOP group was higher than that in the R-CEOP group (79.1% vs 49.6%, P-value < .001) and this superiority of R-CHOP was seen in both early and advanced disease. The incidence of febrile neutropenia and grade III/IV hematological toxicities was significantly higher in the R-CHOP group in the age group of 60 to 65 years'. ECOG PS at presentation, NCCN-IPI and the chemotherapy regimen were found to be significant factors for 2-year PFS rate by multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSION

Anthracycline-based regimen should be used in elderly fit patients without absolute cardiac contraindications wherever feasible with adequate access to supportive care.

Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with paclitaxel plus carboplatin and oral metronomic chemotherapy (OMCT) in patients with technically unresectable oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)

A combination of maximum tolerated dose and metronomic chemotherapy schedule may lead to synergistic effects with acceptable toxicity. We assessed the efficacy and safety of this combination as neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in 14 patients with technically unresectable oral squamous cell carcinoma. They received NACT with paclitaxel-carboplatin and triple oral metronomic chemotherapy (OMCT) (methotrexate, celecoxib and erlotinib). Patients were assessed clinically and radiologically after a minimum of two cycles for resectability. Primary tumour site was buccal mucosa and oral tongue in 12 (86%) and 2 (14%) patients, respectively. The median number of NACT administered was three. The tumours of nine (65%) patients showed partial response and none of the patients had tumour progression. The tumours of nine patients (65%) were deemed resectable after NACT. Median progression free survival was 11.4 months (95% CI = 7.9–15 months) and median overall survival (OS) was not reached. OS at 15 months was 63.5% (95% CI = 37.8%–89.2%). Grade 3 or 4 haematological toxicities were seen in eight (57%) patients. Paclitaxel-carboplatin combined with OMCT is a well-tolerated and less resource intensive NACT regimen which leads to favourable resection rate and survival.

COVID-19 in cancer patients on active systemic therapy - Outcomes from LMIC scenario with an emphasis on need for active treatment

BACKGROUND

There is limited data on outcomes in cancer patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from lower middle-income countries (LMICs).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This was an observational study, conducted between 12 April and 10 June 2020 at Tata Memorial centre, Mumbai, in cancer patients undergoing systemic therapy with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. The objectives were to evaluate cumulative 30-day all-cause mortality, COVID-19 attributable mortality, factors predicting mortality, and time to viral negativity after initial diagnosis.

RESULTS

Of the 24 660 footfalls and 7043 patients evaluated, 230 patients on active systemic therapy with a median age of 42 (1-75) years were included. COVID-19 infection severity, as per WHO criteria, was mild, moderate, and severe in 195 (85%), 11 (5%), and 24 (11%) patients, respectively. Twenty-three patients (10%) expired during follow-up, with COVID-19 attributable mortality seen in 15 patients (6.5%). There were no mortalities in the pediatric cohort of 31 (14%) patients. Advanced stage cancer being treated with palliative intent vs others [30-day mortality 24%% vs 5%, odds ratio (OR) 5.6, 95% CI 2.28-13.78, P < .001], uncontrolled cancer status vs controlled cancer (30-day mortality37.5%% vs 4%%, OR 14, 95% CI 4.46-44.16, P < .001) and severe COVID-19 vs mild COVID-19 (30-day mortality 71% vs 3%, OR 92.29, 95% CI 26.43-322.21, P < .001) were significantly associated with mortality. The median time to SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR negativity was 17 days [interquartile range (IQR)17-28) in the cohort.

CONCLUSIONS

The mortality rates in cancer patients with COVID-19 who are receiving systemic anti-cancer therapy in LMICSs are marginally higher than that reported in unselected COVID-19 cohorts with prolonged time to viral negativity in a substantial number of patients. The pediatric cancer patients tended to have favorable outcomes.

Infections in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

OBJECTIVES

Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients of Systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE). We therefore aimed to determine the spectrum of infections in patients of SLE, find a correlation between various disease parameters and the severity and outcome of infections and to compare the outcome between different modalities of immunosuppressive therapy.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was carried out by including all the diagnosed patients of Systemic lupus erythematosus (based on SLICC criteria[1]) aged 12 years and above who developed infections during the study period of 18 months. Immunocompromised patients because of coexisting diseases like diabetes, retroviral disease and cancer patients on immunosuppression were excluded. 139 cases of infections were identified in 104 patients of SLE during the study period.

RESULTS

92 patients had one episode of infection, 19 patients had two episodes and 3 patients contracted infections thrice during the study period. The mean age of the sample population was 29.45 ± 7.9 years. 21-30 years age group constituted 51.75% (59/114) of the patients. 61/139 infections (44%) were bacterial, 22/139 (16%) fungal, 20/139 (14%) viral and 4/139 (3%) parasitic. Tuberculosis was the most common infection (40/139, 28.78%). Lower respiratory tract was the most common site of infections found in the study (37/139, 26.62%). 75/139 (54%) were major infections. 50% tuberculous infections were extrapulmonary. The mean duration of SLE until the time of infection was 35.84 ± 53.80 months. SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) was ≥ 5 in 92.09% of cases. End organ damage was found in 82.7% (115 cases) and amongst them, renal lupus was found in 110/115 cases. No association was found between end organ damage and severity or outcome of infections. In 89 cases patients were on prednisolone alone, in 29 cases patients were additionally on Cyclophosphamide or had received it in the past, and in 15 cases Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with prednisolone while in 6 cases all the three drugs had been given at some point of time. Tuberculosis was the most common infection amongst all the groups. The mean daily dose of prednisolone was 19.62 ± 16.04 mg/day. The mean cumulative steroid dose in patients of our study was 9165.76 ± 7833.72 mg. Central nervous system infections occurred more in patients who had received Cyclophosphamide (p = 0.01). Five deaths occurred due to life threatening infections and all of them were either on high dose prednisolone or on cytotoxic drugs (Cyclophosphamide/Mycophenolate mofetil [MMF]). There was no association between treatment modality and severity and outcome of infection.

CONCLUSION

SLE patients are predisposed to various minor as well as lifethreatening infections. It is essential to prevent infections by screening, reducing exposure to sources or contacts of infection and minimizing the exposure to immunosuppressive agents while controlling disease activity.

Crinone 8% (90 mg) given once daily for progesterone replacement therapy in donor egg cycles

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether once-daily dosing of Crinone 8% (90-mg progesterone vaginal gel; Serono Laboratories, Inc., Norwell, MA) is sufficient for normal endometrial development and pregnancy support.

DESIGN

Prospective cohort study.

SETTING

Academic medical center.

PATIENT(S)

Eighty-six women who required complete progesterone replacement for a donor egg cycle.

INTERVENTION(S)

Crinone 8% (90 mg) once daily or IM progesterone (100 mg) once daily was administered from day 15 onward. Both groups underwent an endometrial biopsy on day 26 of a mock cycle, followed by a second cycle in which ET was performed.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)

Endometrial development, serum progesterone levels, pregnancy rates, implantation rates, and bleeding patterns.

RESULT(S)

Mean (+/-SD) serum progesterone levels on day 26 were 11.3+/-6.5 ng/mL in the Crinone group and 65.2+/-12.5 ng/mL in the IM progesterone group. At histologic examination, endometrial biopsy specimens were found to be "in phase" for 100% (42/42) of women in the Crinone group and 95.5% (42/44) of women in the IM progesterone group. Although 8 of 42 patients had serum progesterone levels of <6 ng/mL, there was no correlation with endometrial development. Only 1 patient bled before the 14th day of progesterone therapy, and she went on to be delivered of twins. Clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, implantation, and miscarriage rates were not statistically different for the Crinone and IM progesterone groups: 45.6% (21/46) versus 52.3% (23/44); 39.1% (18/46) versus 40.9% (18/44); 21.5% (34/158) versus 19% (30/158), and 14.3% (3/21) versus 22% (5/23), respectively. Power was sufficient to detect a 25% difference in clinical pregnancy rates.

CONCLUSION(S)

Crinone 8% administered once daily appears to produce the same endometrial development and pregnancy rates as IM progesterone in women who require complete progesterone replacement, and it does not cause early bleeding.