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DeBortoli E, Soyer HP, Milne D, Dissanayaka N, Gartner C, Holt J, Rae K, Robison L, Wallingford CK, McInerney-Leo AM. Measurable outcomes of consumer engagement in health research: A scoping review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:994547. [PMID: 36324444 PMCID: PMC9621387 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.994547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Consumer engagement is increasingly recognized as an instrumental component of health research, with many institutions and international bodies mandating it as part of the research and funding process. Given an increasing utilization of consumer engagement in health research, it is critical to identify the literature which support its value and tools that capture successful outcomes. To develop an overview of the literature, we conducted an umbrella scoping review exploring important outcomes of consumer engagement in health research combined with a scoping review of relevant frameworks. Specifically, we aimed to capture outcomes which reflect authentic and meaningful consumer engagement. Methods Four databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library) were searched using key search terms. Records were included if they were review articles or frameworks that addressed outcomes of consumer engagement in health research. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and an inductive qualitative content analysis. Identified outcomes were sorted based on the three most relevant stakeholder groups (consumer, researcher, institution). Results A total of twenty articles that explored a variety of health disciplines were included. We identified fifteen measurable outcomes of consumer engagement in health research. Eight core outcomes were relevant to all stakeholder groups, and were considered fundamental to authentic consumer engagement including (1) trust, (2) empowerment, (3) respect, (4) confidence in the outcomes of the research, (5) transparency of the research process, (6) satisfaction with the consumer engagement program, (7) knowledge and experiences of consumers, and (8) degree of consumer engagement. Outcomes pertaining to specific stakeholder groups included representativeness and diversity of the consumer groups, research relevance to consumers, funding opportunities, quality/validity of the research, recruitment/retention rates, translation and dissemination of research, and interpretation of results. Conclusion This review identified key measurable outcomes that could be captured when evaluating the impacts of consumer engagement on health research and the success of consumer engagement programs. All outcomes identified were relatively underexplored within the literature, and inadequately and/or inconsistently evaluated amongst studies. Future research should consult all stakeholder groups to identify outcomes perceived to be reflective of optimal consumer engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily DeBortoli
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - H. Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Dermatology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David Milne
- Human Research Ethics Committee, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nadeeka Dissanayaka
- Faculty of Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Coral Gartner
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeanette Holt
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kym Rae
- Aubigny Place, Mater Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura Robison
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Courtney K. Wallingford
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Courtney K. Wallingford
| | - Aideen M. McInerney-Leo
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Nasir BF, Vinayagam R, Rae K. "It's what makes us unique": Indigenous Australian perspectives on genetics research to improve comorbid mental and chronic disease outcomes. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:1219-1228. [PMID: 35410562 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2061710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of personalized treatment approaches, including those based on genetic testing, are increasingly enabling informed decision-making to improve health outcomes. Research involving Indigenous Australians has been lagging behind, although this population experiences a higher prevalence of chronic disease and mental health disorders. METHODS Using community-based participatory research principles, this study purposefully interviewed participants with a diagnosed common mental disorder and a comorbid chronic disease condition. This was an inductive thematic analysis on semi-structured interviews with consenting participants (n = 48). Common themes and analytical domains were identified that provided a semantic understanding shared by participants. RESULTS Five emerging themes were identified, primarily focusing on: (1) The perceptions and understanding of genetics research; (2) culturally appropriate conduct of genetics research; (3) the role of indigenous-led genetics research; (4) future prospects of genetics research; and (5) the importance of genetics research for patients with mental and physical health comorbidities. CONCLUSION Indigenous Australians are under-represented in pharmacogenomics research despite well-documented epidemiological research demonstrating that Indigenous people globally experience greater risk of developing certain chronic diseases and more severe disease progression. Positive outcomes from this study highlight the importance of not only involving Indigenous participants, but providing leadership and governance opportunities for future genetics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Farah Nasir
- Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Ritwika Vinayagam
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kym Rae
- Indigenous Health, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Clifton VL, Das J, Flenady V, Rae K. Response to Letter to the Editor 'Adverse perinatal outcomes in the Australian Indigenous population, the role of asthma'. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2022; 62:E4-E5. [PMID: 35482708 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vicki L Clifton
- Mater Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Stillbirth Centre for Research Excellence, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jui Das
- Mater Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Stillbirth Centre for Research Excellence, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vicki Flenady
- Mater Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Stillbirth Centre for Research Excellence, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kym Rae
- Mater Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Axford N, Locke V, Mills K, Rae K, Toohey L. The prevalence of tendinopathy in a professional Australian netball team: a Pilot study. J Sci Med Sport 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Clifton VL, Das J, Flenady V, Rae K. Neonatal death is a major concern for Indigenous women with asthma during pregnancy and could be prevented with better models of care. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 62:160-163. [PMID: 34605001 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common respiratory illness in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. From the Mater Mothers routinely collected perinatal data in Brisbane we have identified that 24% of Indigenous and 17% of non-Indigenous women have pregnancies complicated by asthma. Indigenous women with asthma are more likely to have poorer birth outcomes when compared to non-Indigenous women with asthma, with neonatal death being doubled in asthmatic Indigenous women. These data indicate that asthma management during pregnancy is an unmet need for Indigenous women and essential if we are to avoid these devastating outcomes for Indigenous families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki L Clifton
- Mater Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Stillbirth Centre for Research Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jui Das
- Mater Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Stillbirth Centre for Research Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vicki Flenady
- Mater Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Stillbirth Centre for Research Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kym Rae
- Mater Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Borg D, Rae K, Fiveash C, Schagen J, James-McAlpine J, Friedlander F, Thurston C, Oliveri M, Harmey T, Cavanagh E, Edwards C, Fontanarosa D, Perkins T, de Zubicaray G, Moritz K, Kumar S, Clifton V. Queensland Family Cohort: a study protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044463. [PMID: 34168023 PMCID: PMC8231060 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The perinatal-postnatal family environment is associated with childhood outcomes including impacts on physical and mental health and educational attainment. Family longitudinal cohort studies collect in-depth data that can capture the influence of an era on family lifestyle, mental health, chronic disease, education and financial stability to enable identification of gaps in society and provide the evidence for changes in government in policy and practice. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Queensland Family Cohort (QFC) is a prospective, observational, longitudinal study that will recruit 12 500 pregnant families across the state of Queensland (QLD), Australia and intends to follow-up families and children for three decades. To identify the immediate and future health requirements of the QLD population; pregnant participants and their partners will be enrolled by 24 weeks of gestation and followed up at 24, 28 and 36 weeks of gestation, during delivery, on-ward, 6 weeks postpartum and then every 12 months where questionnaires, biological samples and physical measures will be collected from parents and children. To examine the impact of environmental exposures on families, data related to environmental pollution, household pollution and employment exposures will be linked to pregnancy and health outcomes. Where feasible, data linkage of state and federal government databases will be used to follow the participants long term. Biological samples will be stored long term for future discoveries of biomarkers of health and disease. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained from the Mater Research Ethics (HREC/16/MHS/113). Findings will be reported to (1) QFC participating families; (2) funding bodies, institutes and hospitals supporting the QFC; (3) federal, state and local governments to inform policy; (4) presented at local, national and international conferences and (5) disseminated by peer-review publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Borg
- Mother and Baby, Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kym Rae
- Mother and Baby, Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Corrine Fiveash
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Greenslopes, Queensland, Australia
| | - Johanna Schagen
- Mother and Baby, Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Janelle James-McAlpine
- Mother and Baby, Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Frances Friedlander
- Maternity Unit, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claire Thurston
- Mother and Baby, Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maria Oliveri
- Mother and Baby, Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Theresa Harmey
- Mother and Baby, Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Erika Cavanagh
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Maternal Fetal Medicine, Mater Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher Edwards
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Davide Fontanarosa
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tony Perkins
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University - Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Greig de Zubicaray
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karen Moritz
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland Child Health Research Centre, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sailesh Kumar
- Mother and Baby, Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vicki Clifton
- Mother and Baby, Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Tamanna S, Clifton VL, Rae K, van Helden DF, Lumbers ER, Pringle KG. Corrigendum: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in Pregnancy: Preeclampsia and Small for Gestational Age. Front Physiol 2021; 12:692761. [PMID: 34093245 PMCID: PMC8173707 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.692761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tamanna
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Vicki L Clifton
- School of Medicine, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Mater Medical Research Institute and Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kym Rae
- Mater Medical Research Institute and Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dirk F van Helden
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Eugenie R Lumbers
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirsty G Pringle
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Beringer M, Schumacher T, Keogh L, Sutherland K, Knox P, Herden J, Brown L, Rae K. Nutritional adequacy and the role of supplements in the diets of Indigenous Australian women during pregnancy. Midwifery 2020; 93:102886. [PMID: 33254096 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine sources of key nutrients contributing towards nutritional adequacy during pregnancy (fibre, calcium, iron, zinc and folate) in a cohort of women carrying an Indigenous child. DESIGN Analysis of cross-sectional data from a prospective longitudinal cohort study that followed Indigenous women through pregnancy. SETTING Women recruited via antenatal clinics in regional and remote locations in NSW, Australia as part of the Gomeroi gaaynggal project. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and fifty-two pregnant Australian women who identified as Indigenous or carrying an Indigenous child. MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS Measurement outcomes included demographic information, smoking status, anthropometrics (weight and height,), self-reported pre-pregnancy weight, health conditions and dietary information (24-hour food recall). Findings indicate the inadequate intake of key pregnancy nutrients in this cohort. Supplements contributed to the nutrient adequacy of the cohort with 53% reporting use. As expected, predominant sources of fibre were from core food groups, whereas calcium was attained from a range of sources including food and beverages, with small amounts from supplementation. Importantly, supplements contributed significant amounts of iron, zinc and folate. KEY CONCLUSIONS There is limited literature on Indigenous Australian maternal nutrition. This study highlights the key dietary contributors of nutritional adequacy during pregnancy for the cohort and that supplementation may be considered a viable source of nutrients during pregnancy for these women. Few women met national nutrient recommendations. The findings present an opportunity to optimise nutrient intakes of Indigenous pregnant women. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Culturally appropriate targeted interventions to optimise dietary intakes of Indigenous Australian pregnant women is required. Collaborative support of health workers, Indigenous Australian communities, dietitians, and researchers to raise awareness of nutrition during pregnancy is imperative to achieving nutrient targets and optimising pregnancy outcomes. Targeted interventions provide positive opportunities to achieve improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Beringer
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Tracy Schumacher
- University of Newcastle Department of Rural Health, Tamworth, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Leanne Brown
- University of Newcastle Department of Rural Health, Tamworth, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Kym Rae
- Mater Research Institute, Aubigny Place, South Brisbane, Australia; University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia.
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Tamanna S, Clifton VL, Rae K, van Helden DF, Lumbers ER, Pringle KG. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in Pregnancy: Preeclampsia and Small for Gestational Age. Front Physiol 2020; 11:590787. [PMID: 33101066 PMCID: PMC7554608 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.590787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction An imbalance in angiotensin (Ang) peptides could contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE) and poor fetal growth. Methods We measured maternal plasma levels of Ang peptides and converting enzymes in non-pregnant women (n = 10), in normal pregnant women (n = 59), women delivering small for gestational age babies (SGA, n = 25) across gestation (13–36 weeks) and in women with PE (n = 14) in their third trimester. Results Plasma ACE, ACE2, and Ang-(1-7) levels, and ACE2 activity were significantly higher in normal pregnant women compared with non-pregnant women; neprilysin (NEP) levels were not changed. In SGA pregnancies, ACE and ACE2 levels were higher in early-mid pregnancy compared with normal pregnant women. In women with PE, plasma ACE, ACE2, NEP, and Ang-(1-7) levels and ACE2 activity were lower than levels in normal pregnant women. Conclusion The higher plasma ACE2 levels and activity in pregnancy could be driving the higher Ang-(1-7) levels. The early gestation increases in ACE and ACE2 levels in SGA pregnancies highlights the possibility that these enzymes could be used as potential early biomarkers of poor fetal growth. In women with PE, the reduced ACE2 and NEP levels at term, could be contributing to the reduction in Ang-(1-7) levels. These findings suggest that dysfunctional relationships between two key enzymes in the circulating RAS are involved in the pathogenesis of PE and SGA. Since soluble ACE2 can prevent binding of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, to membrane bound ACE2, the interplay between ACE2 and the coronavirus and its impact in pregnancy requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tamanna
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Vicki L Clifton
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Mater Medical Research Institute and Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kym Rae
- Mater Medical Research Institute and Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dirk F van Helden
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Eugenie R Lumbers
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirsty G Pringle
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Rae K, Manousiadis PP, Islim MS, Yin L, Carreira J, Mckendry JJD, Guilhabert B, Samuel IDW, Turnbull GA, Laurand N, Haas H, Dawson MD. Transfer-printed micro-LED and polymer-based transceiver for visible light communications. Opt Express 2018; 26:31474-31483. [PMID: 30650732 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.031474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Visible light communications (VLC) is an emerging technology that uses LEDs, such as found in lighting fixtures and displays, to transmit data wirelessly. Research has so far focused on LED transmitters and on photoreceivers as separate, discrete components. Combining both types of devices into a single transceiver format will enable bi-directional VLC and offer flexibility for the development of future advanced VLC systems. Here, a proof of concept for an integrated optical transceiver is demonstrated by transfer printing a microsize LED, the transmitter, directly onto a fluorescent optical concentrator edge-coupled to a photodiode, the receiver. This integrated device can simultaneously receive (downlink) and transmit (uplink) data at rates of 416 Mbps and 165 Mbps, respectively. Its capability to operate in optical relay mode at 337 Mbps is experimentally demonstrated.
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Orchard J, Orchard J, Jomaa M, Rae K, Driscoll T. Risk factors for 3700 muscle strains occurring in 270,000 player matches of Australian football. J Sci Med Sport 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.09.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Robinson T, Wakely L, Marquez J, Rae K. Surviving, not thriving: a qualitative analysis of parents' perceptions of physical activity participation for rurally residing children with a disability. Rural Remote Health 2018; 18:4536. [PMID: 30138036 DOI: 10.22605/rrh4536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preliminary research suggests that rurally residing children with a disability seldom participate in the recommended 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day and face multiple barriers to participation. The purpose of this study was to explore parents' perceptions of physical activity participation of rurally residing children with a disability, including barriers and any factors that may facilitate their participation. METHODS Participants were parents or carers of a school-aged child with a disability residing in a rural or remote area of the state of New South Wales, Australia. Data were collected using semi-structured focus group interviews, which were audio-recorded and transcribed. Qualitative data were analysed inductively using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Focus group interviews were conducted with 10 parents. Thematic analysis yielded the overarching description of the study, surviving, not thriving, which described the participants' limited success in augmenting the health of their child with a disability, despite their desire to do so. Within this description, three main themes emerged. (1) A parent's predicament described the parents' struggle to support their child's participation in physical activity, despite understanding its numerous benefits. (2) Barriers to participation described the various barriers to physical activity participation that were perceived to be hampering their child's potential to thrive. Some of these barriers were related to the child's disability, while others were specific to the rural context. (3) Facilitators to participation described the factors that served to motivate and enable children with a disability to participate in physical activity. CONCLUSIONS This investigation of parents' perceptions suggests that the physical activity participation of rurally residing children with a disability is currently insufficient to adequately support the health of this population. It appears service providers need to address the factors that impede participation, including issues surrounding access, ability and isolation, but should also support the parents' behaviours, community opportunities and the child's own drive to participate. Existing support structures aimed at promoting physical activity should be enhanced and more inclusive, and accessible strategies should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Robinson
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Luke Wakely
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Department of Rural Health, Tamworth, NSW 2340, Australia
| | - Jodie Marquez
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kym Rae
- Gomeroi Gaaynggal Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Department of Rural Health, Tamworth, NSW 2340, Australia
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Rae K, Foucher C, Guilhabert B, Islim MS, Yin L, Zhu D, Oliver RA, Wallis DJ, Haas H, Laurand N, Dawson MD. InGaN µLEDs integrated onto colloidal quantum dot functionalized ultra-thin glass. Opt Express 2017; 25:19179-19184. [PMID: 29041111 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.019179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Red-, orange-, and green-emitting integrated optoelectronic sources are demonstrated by transfer printing blue InGaN µLEDs onto ultra-thin glass platforms functionally enhanced with II-VI colloidal quantum dots (CQDs). The forward optical power conversion efficiency of these heterogeneously integrated devices is, respectively, 9%, 15%, and 14% for a blue light absorption over 95%. The sources are demonstrated in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) visible light communication link reaching respective data transmission rates of 46 Mbps, 44 Mbps and 61 Mbps.
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Wakely L, Langham J, Johnston C, Rae K. Physical activity of rurally residing children with a disability: A survey of parents and carers. Disabil Health J 2017; 11:31-35. [PMID: 28596094 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children residing in rural areas face unique barriers to physical activity participation. Further, while children with a disability who reside in metropolitan areas face barriers hindering physical activity, rurally residing children with a disability may face the augmented combination of these barriers that could have negative health implications. Parents are often the key advocates for children with disabilities and are likely to have valuable insight into the opportunities and barriers to physical activity for their child. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate parents' perceptions of physical activity opportunities for their child with a disability in a rural area. METHODS A mixed method survey examining parent's perceptions of their child's physical activity and possible barriers to participation was mailed to rurally residing parents of children with a disability. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies and proportions. Qualitative data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS There were 34 completed surveys, a response rate of 37%. Participants' responses indicated 74% of children were not meeting daily recommendations of physical activity. Participation barriers including emotional, physical and environmental issues. Three main themes emerged from qualitative data; segregation, access to facilities and resources and barriers specific to the child. CONCLUSION The children in this study were from rural areas and face similar barriers to children in metropolitan areas. However, they are also confronted with the same barriers children without a disability in rural areas face, participating in physical activity. This may have detrimental effects on their health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Wakely
- The University of Newcastle, Department of Rural Health, Australia.
| | - Jessica Langham
- The University of Newcastle, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Australia
| | | | - Kym Rae
- The University of Newcastle, Department of Rural Health, Australia; Gomeroi Gaaynggal Program, Australia
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Ashman A, Collins C, Brown L, Rae K, Rollo M. Evaluation of a mobile phone tool for dietary assessment and to guide nutrition counselling among pregnant women. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2017.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Rae K, Bohringer E, Ashman A, Brown L, Collins C. Cultural experiences of student and new-graduate dietitians in the Gomeroi gaaynggal ArtsHealth program: a quality assurance project. Health Promot J Austr 2016; 27:162-166. [PMID: 27094309 DOI: 10.1071/he15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Issue addressed: Undergraduate dietetic students are required to demonstrate cultural awareness and culturally respectful communication to meet national competencies, but exposure to practical experiences may be limited. The Gomeroi gaaynggal ArtsHealth Centre was established in 2009 after community consultation with the Indigenous community in Tamworth, New South Wales. The Centre provides a safe and welcoming space where women can create art while discussing health issues with visiting health professionals and students. The present study aimed to evaluate the cultural experiences of student and new-graduate dietitians visiting an Aboriginal ArtsHealth centre through a quality assurance project.Methods: Six student and new-graduate dietitians were invited to provide feedback on their experiences for this report. A generic inductive approach was used for qualitative data analysis.Results: Key qualitative themes of 'building rapport' and 'developing cultural understanding' were identified. Four of the participants interviewed felt they gained a deeper understanding of the context around health disparity for Indigenous Australians through their experiences. Key ways to build rapport with community members were identified.Conclusions: Results suggest that first-hand experiences working in an Aboriginal ArtsHealth centre are effective in building cultural competency skills for student and new-graduate dietitians. These experiences could be better supported through improved preparation for the cultural setting, and ongoing monitoring of participant experiences is recommended.So what?: The authors encourage undergraduate dietetic programs and students to seek out opportunities for further development of cultural awareness through increased practical experiences working with Indigenous communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kym Rae
- Gomeroi gaaynggal Centre, University of Newcastle, Faculty of Health and Medicine, 2/1 Hinkler Street, Tamworth, NSW 2340, Australia
| | - Emma Bohringer
- University of Newcastle Department of Rural Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Tamworth, NSW 2340, Australia
| | - Amy Ashman
- Gomeroi gaaynggal Centre, University of Newcastle, Faculty of Health and Medicine, 2/1 Hinkler Street, Tamworth, NSW 2340, Australia
| | - Leanne Brown
- University of Newcastle Department of Rural Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Tamworth, NSW 2340, Australia
| | - Clare Collins
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle and School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Hunter Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Pringle KG, Rae K, Weatherall L, Hall S, Burns C, Smith R, Lumbers ER, Blackwell CC. Effects of maternal inflammation and exposure to cigarette smoke on birth weight and delivery of preterm babies in a cohort of indigenous Australian women. Front Immunol 2015; 6:89. [PMID: 25806032 PMCID: PMC4354382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), neonatal deaths, and deaths from infection are higher among Indigenous Australians. This study aimed to determine the effects of inflammatory responses and exposure to cigarette smoke, two important factors associated with sudden death in infancy, on preterm birth, and birth weight in a cohort of Indigenous mothers. Indigenous Australian women (n = 131) were recruited as part of a longitudinal study while attending antenatal care clinics during pregnancy; blood samples were collected up to three times in pregnancy. Serum cotinine, indicating exposure to cigarette smoke, was detected in 50.4% of mothers. Compared with non-Indigenous women, the cohort had 10 times the prevalence of antibodies to Helicobacter pylori (33 vs. 3%). Levels of immunoglobulin G, antibodies to H. pylori, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were all inversely correlated with gestational age (P < 0.05). CRP levels were positively associated with maternal body mass index (BMI; ρ = 0.449, P = 0.001). The effects of cigarette smoke (cotinine) and inflammation (CRP) were assessed in relation to risk factors for SIDS: gestational age at delivery and birth weight. Serum cotinine levels were negatively associated with birth weight (ρ = −0.37, P < 0.001), this correlation held true for both male (ρ = −0.39, P = 0.002) and female (ρ = −0.30, P = 0.017) infants. Cotinine was negatively associated with gestational age at delivery (ρ = −0.199, P = 0.023). When assessed by fetal sex, this was significant only for males (ρ = −0.327, P = 0.011). CRP was negatively associated with gestational age at delivery for female infants (ρ = −0.46, P < 0.001). In contrast, maternal BMI was significantly correlated with birth weight. These data highlight the importance of putting programs in place to reduce cigarette smoke exposure in pregnancy and to treat women with chronic infections such as H. pylori to improve pregnancy outcomes and decrease risk factors for sudden death in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty G Pringle
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, NSW , Australia ; Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle, NSW , Australia
| | - Kym Rae
- Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle, NSW , Australia ; Department of Rural Health, Faculty of Public Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, NSW , Australia ; Gomeroi gaaynggal Centre , Tamworth, NSW , Australia
| | - Loretta Weatherall
- Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle, NSW , Australia ; Gomeroi gaaynggal Centre , Tamworth, NSW , Australia ; Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Faculty of Public Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, NSW , Australia
| | - Sharron Hall
- Information-Based Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, NSW , Australia ; Hunter Area Pathology Service Immunology , Newcastle, NSW , Australia
| | - Christine Burns
- Information-Based Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, NSW , Australia ; Hunter Area Pathology Service Immunology , Newcastle, NSW , Australia
| | - Roger Smith
- Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle, NSW , Australia ; Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Faculty of Public Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, NSW , Australia
| | - Eugenie R Lumbers
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, NSW , Australia ; Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle, NSW , Australia
| | - C Caroline Blackwell
- Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle, NSW , Australia ; Information-Based Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, NSW , Australia ; Hunter Area Pathology Service Immunology , Newcastle, NSW , Australia
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Sman A, Hiller C, Rae K, Linklater J, Black D, Nicholson L, Burns J, Refshauge K. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for ankle syndesmosis injury. J Sci Med Sport 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rae K, Weatherall L, Hollebone K, Apen K, McLean M, Blackwell C, Eades S, Boulton J, Lumbers E, Smith R. Developing research in partnership with Aboriginal communities - strategies for improving recruitment and retention. Rural Remote Health 2013. [DOI: 10.22605/rrh2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Rae K, Weatherall L, Hollebone K, Apen K, McLean M, Blackwell C, Eades S, Boulton J, Lumbers E, Smith R. Developing research in partnership with Aboriginal communities - strategies for improving recruitment and retention. Rural Remote Health 2013; 13:2255. [PMID: 23548075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Australian Aboriginal communities in urban, rural and remote areas are continuing to suffer high rates of perinatal mortality and morbidity that will impact on the future health of the community. It has been well documented that Aboriginal women have extreme distrust of mainstream pregnancy-related health care and suggested that late entry into antenatal care is as high as 50% in the Aboriginal population. Although medical and midwifery staff have long discussed strategies to improve uptake of antenatal health care for Aboriginal women, researchers in many areas have found the recruitment of Aboriginal people into scientific studies almost impossible. This article seeks to share the strategies that have been developed over a period of time by the authors that have proved useful for recruitment and retention into research. It is anticipated that these strategies would also apply for health practitioners in maintaining their patients for clinical care management. ISSUE Although each research location (regional, rural and remote) has had to spend time determining what approach is best for meeting the research outcomes, many of these suggestions become applicable to clinicians seeking to develop better connections with Aboriginal patients in their clinics. With the management of ongoing chronic health conditions for Aboriginal people a priority in 'Closing the Gap', a number of these suggestions could easily be implemented by clinicians. Remembering that each community has specific needs that must be addressed, priorities for assistance for that community will be easily identifiable after community consultation (eg transport, or ability to access medical testing). Opportunities for the use of new social media (eg Facebook) as communication tools for researchers and clinicians will have increasing applicability as further software updates are created. LESSONS LEARNT With open and trusting dialogues between researchers, clinicians and Aboriginal communities, we can go a long way towards understanding the needs of individual communities and working in partnerships to close the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rae
- Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia.
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Pringle K, Lumbers E, Sykes S, Weatherall L, Clausen D, Rae K, Smith R. PP036. The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system and pregnancy outcome. Pregnancy Hypertens 2013; 3:79-80. [PMID: 26105892 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2013.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The intrarenal renin angiotensin system (iRAS) may be activated in normal pregnancy. Failure of activation may predispose to preeclampsia. METHODS Urinary angiotensinogen/creatinine (uAGT/creat), albumin and protein/creat were measured in 10 non-pregnant and 17 pregnant non-Indigenous women and 61 Indigenous pregnant women (in whom other components of iRAS were also measured). RESULTS uAGT/creat was higher in pregnancy (18.2±3.2μg/mmol, n=9 vs. 1.1±0.3μg/mmol, P=0.001, n=10). Women with clinical proteinuria and/or preeclampsia had low uAGT/creat (n=3). Hypertensive women had normal high uAGT/creat (n=4). Indigenous pregnant women had higher protein/creat (P=0.01) and lower uAGT/creat (2.9±1.0μg/mmol, P=0.010, n=51) than non-Indigenous pregnant women. Indigenous women were classified based on a uAGT/creat of <2μg/mmol (n=37) or >2.0μg/mmol (n=12). Only low uAGT/creat Indigenous pregnant women had correlations between uAGT/creat and albumin/creat (r=0.367, P=0.027), renin/creat and albumin or protein/creat (r=0.493, P=0.002, r=0.603, P<0.001). uAGT/creat levels fell with gestation (r=-0.329, P=0.047) while Cystatin C increased (r=0.592, P=0.000). CONCLUSION The iRAS is activated in normal pregnancy. This is not the case in women with proteinuria/preeclampsia or in many Indigenous women who have higher urinary protein/creat. Therefore a low uAGT/creat in pregnancy may indicate impaired renal function and be associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia.
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Wakely L, Rae K, Cooper R. Stoic survival: the journey of parenting a premature infant in the bush. Rural Remote Health 2010. [DOI: 10.22605/rrh1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Wakely LT, Rae K, Cooper R. Stoic survival: the journey of parenting a premature infant in the bush. Rural Remote Health 2010; 10:1475. [PMID: 20807003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The birth of a premature infant is a stressful and emotionally challenging time for parents. Families living in rural areas often have reduced access to the specialist services premature infants require, and different concerns from their metropolitan counterparts. Rural families may have to spend extended periods of time at a metropolitan centre while their child is in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Regular return trips to hospital may be required for follow up. Parental experience of this unexpected event and the resultant intensive health service involvement requires further examination; most studies focus on the NICU experience. This exploratory study was undertaken from the rural paediatric allied health perspective. Because there are few accounts of rural families' experiences in the literature, this hermeneutic phenomenological qualitative study focused on the rural parent's experience of having a premature infant in a rural area during the first 12 months of the child's life. METHOD Participants were selectively recruited from the case lists of paediatricians in a rural/regional hospital. Seven parents (5 mothers and 2 fathers) of premature infants consented to participate in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were of 60-90 min duration per parent, and were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analysed thematically using a phenomenological approach. Process and reflection diaries were maintained in order to provide an audit trail. RESULTS The participant group reflected a range of experiences. Parents described being initially shocked and then gradually adjusting to being the parent of a premature child. Three major themes emerged: (1) 'Coping through optimism' when parents consistently spoke positively about even stressful and difficult aspects of their experience; (2) 'Stoic survival' where parents did not emotionally deal with their experience, often citing others' needs as having higher priority; and (3) 'Striving for normal' when parents focussed on the aspects of their child's medical care or development that was closer to that of a full term child. Parents described feeling devastated if they felt their infant regressed or was progressing too slowly, and elated whenever a new milestone was achieved. CONCLUSION Gaining insight into the experience of parents of premature infants can help health professionals ensure services more effectively meet the needs of these families. Rural families were pleased with their local services although they indicated that travelling to a metropolitan centre was extremely burdensome. While the families interviewed had access to some local specialist services, they expressed concern that if they resided in a more remote area there would be reduced access to services and greater personal strain. Further research is required to determine the experiences of Indigenous families, separated or divorced parents and families living in remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke T Wakely
- University Department of Rural Health & Rural Clinical School, Northern NSW and Hunter New England Area Health, Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia.
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Abstract
This paper recounts a journey of discovery by a scientist who inadvertently takes on coordination of an ArtsHealth programme. The dynamics of role change are explored showcasing the vulnerabilities and fears that often accompany these career adjustments. The associated ArtsHealth programme (Gomeroi gaaynggal) works with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in Australia throughout their pregnancy to improve understanding of issues that impact the health of themselves and their developing baby. By wearing someone else shoes, the scientist is immersed in the project and must confront issues including skill mix, learning and cultural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kym Rae
- University Department of Rural Health, Northern NSW, University of Newcastle, Locked Bag 9783, NEMSC, Tamworth, NSW, 2348, Australia.
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Fuery P, Smith R, Rae K, Burgess R, Fuery K. Morality, duty, and the arts in health: A project on Aboriginal underage pregnancy. Arts Health 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17533010802528025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rae K, Hollebone K, Chetty V, Clausen D, McFarlane J. Follistatin serum concentrations during full-term labour in women – significant differences between spontaneous and induced labour. Reproduction 2007; 134:705-11. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-07-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin has been isolated from human placenta and has been identified in human foetal membranes and fluids. Serum follistatin levels in women rise during pregnancy particularly near term. In this study, we examined the effect of induction and stage of labour on maternal plasma concentrations of follistatin. Women who gave birth after a normal pregnancy were retrospectively divided into three groups: those who went in labour spontaneously (n= 33), needed induction by amniotomy and IV oxytocin (n= 18) or underwent planned caesarean section (n= 10). Serum was collected at 38–40 weeks of gestation, periodically through labour with a vaginal examination and once within 36 h postpartum and assayed for oestradiol, progesterone, prolactin and C-reactive protein. Follistatin was measured using a rabbit antiserum (#204) raised against purified 35 kDa bovine follistatin. Human recombinant follistatin was used as both standard and tracer. Concentrations of follistatin at 38–40 weeks of gestation were significantly different between groups. Those who had a spontaneous labour had concentrations higher than those who were induced. Similarly, those who were induced had concentrations higher than those who underwent a caesarean. In the spontaneous group, follistatin rose during labour, peaking at 57.9 ± 5.48 ng/ml at > 3 cm of cervical dilation, and after delivery follistatin decreased to 26.16 ± 3.4 ng/ml at 24 h post-delivery. In induced patients follistatin continued increasing to peak following delivery at 26.9 ± 3.0 ng/ml and decreased at > 3 h post-delivery. Follistatin concentrations in caesarean section patients at 24 h post-surgery (18.53 ± 3.74 ng/ml) were not different from that before the surgery and were comparable with the other two groups. Follistatin is clearly implicated in the onset of labour; however, further studies with a larger cohort of women are necessary to determine the nature of its role.
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Rae K, Britt H, Orchard J, Finch C. Classifying sports medicine diagnoses: a comparison of the International classification of diseases 10-Australian modification (ICD-10-AM) and the Orchard sports injury classification system (OSICS-8). Br J Sports Med 2006; 39:907-11. [PMID: 16306497 PMCID: PMC1725095 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2004.017517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The International classification of diseases 10-Australian modification (ICD-10-AM) and the Orchard sports injury classification system (OSICS-8) are two classifications currently being used in sports injury research. OBJECTIVES To compare these two systems to determine which was the more reliable and easier to apply in the classification of injury diagnoses of patients who presented to sports physicians in private sports medicine practice. METHODS Ten sports physicians/sports physician registrars each coded one of 10 different lists of 30 sports medicine diagnoses according to both ICD-10-AM and OSICS-8 in random order. The coders noted the time taken to apply each classification system, and allocated an ease of fit score for individual diagnoses into the systems. The 300 diagnoses were each coded twice more by "expert" coders from each system, and these results compared with those of the 10 volunteers. RESULTS Overall, there was a higher level of agreement between the different coders for OSICS-8 than for ICD-10-AM. On average, it was 23.5 minutes quicker to complete the task with OSICS-8 than with ICD-10-AM. Furthermore, there was also higher concordance between the three coders with OSICS-8. Subjective analysis of the codes assigned indicated reasons for disagreement and showed that, in some instances, even the "expert" coders had difficulties in assigning the most appropriate codes. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this study, OSICS-8 appears to be the preferred system for use by inexperienced coders in sports medicine research. The agreement between coders was, however, lower than expected. It is recommended that changes be made to both OSICS-8 and ICD-10-AM to improve their reliability for use in sports medicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rae
- The Sports Clinic, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Rae K, Hollebone K, Meng L, Clausen D, McFarlane J. Immunohistochemistry of Follistatin Shows a Differential Expression Correlating With Differing Labour Groups in Women. Fertil Steril 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hatje V, Rae K, Birch GF. Trace metal and total suspended solids concentrations in freshwater: the importance of small-scale temporal variation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001; 3:251-6. [PMID: 11354741 DOI: 10.1039/b008457n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The temporal variation in the concentrations of particulate trace metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) and total suspended solids (TSS) was examined in three rivers that drain into the Port Jackson estuary, Australia, using a nested, hierarchical sampling design. Sampling was conducted between March and June 1999, under low flow conditions. The sampling design incorporated four temporal scales (hours, days, weeks and months). It was considered that hours, days, weeks and months were representative of such time scales and could be analyzed as random, nested sources of variation in an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant variation was found at temporal scales ranging from hours, within the same day, to months. The amount and scales of variation differed between particulate trace metals and TSS concentrations and between rivers. In many cases, differences between small-scale were as important as differences between months. The results suggest that higher anthropogenic influences cause higher variability at small temporal scale. Results indicate the need for nested sampling designs to be incorporated into studies of temporal variation in order to unconfound small-scale temporal variation. The conclusions of this study are likely to be applicable to other water quality variables and pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hatje
- Environmental Geology Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fyffe
- Dundee Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Scotland, Edinburgh
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Rae K. Scottish focus: a gentle approach to continuing education. Nurs Stand 1992; 6:32-3. [PMID: 1547132 DOI: 10.7748/ns.6.23.32.s34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Petkov L, Sajdok J, Rae K, Šůchová M, Káš J, Turková J. Activation of galactose-containing glycoprotein and solid supports by galactose oxidase in presence of catalase for immobilization purposes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00156605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Laishley EJ, Rae K, Dillman AM, Bryant RD. Characterization of a new less acidophilic Thiobacillus isolate (Thiobacillus capsulatus). Can J Microbiol 1988. [DOI: 10.1139/m88-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A motile, sulfur-oxidizing gram-negative bacterium was isolated from soil adjacent to a sulfur block pad. This isolate was found to grow only autotrophically by oxidizing S° and reduced sulfur oxyanions under aerobic conditions over a pH range of 3.0–7.0. This placed it in the less acidophilic group of Thiobacillus. The mole percent G + C of this organism was 54.5%. Ultrastructure studies showed the presence of a single polar flagellum, cytoplasmic volutin granules, and carboxysomes. An extensive glycocalyx was observed radiating outward from the outer membrane. The physiological and ultrastructure data were compared with other known thiobacilli and indicated that this isolate is a new Thiobacillus species, named T. capsulatus.
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Rae K. Legal semantics. Nurses and non-surgical abortions. Nurs Times 1981; 77:351. [PMID: 6907952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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