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Goto T, Shimamoto S, Takaya M, Sato S, Takahashi K, Nishimura K, Morii Y, Kunishige K, Ohtsuka A, Ijiri D. Impact on genetic differences among various chicken breeds on free amino acid contents of egg yolk and albumen. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2270. [PMID: 33500483 PMCID: PMC7838262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggs play important roles as food resources and nutraceuticals, to alleviate malnutrition and to improve health status in the world. Since free amino acids contribute to the nutritional values and food tastes, we investigated a total of 81 eggs from five chicken breeds, which are Australorp, Nagoya (NGY), Rhode Island Red (RIR), Shamo (SHA), Ukokkei, and two F1 hybrids (NGYxRIR and SHAxRIR) to test impact on genetic differences in 10 egg traits, 20 yolk amino acid traits, and 18 albumen amino acid traits. One-way ANOVA revealed significant breed effects on 10 egg traits, 20 yolk amino acid traits, and 15 albumen amino acid traits. Moreover, a significant heterosis effect on yolk aspartic acid was identified. In addition, positive correlations were found broadly among traits within each trait category (egg traits, yolk amino acid traits, and albumen amino acid traits), whereas there were basically no or weak correlations among the trait categories. These results suggest that almost all traits can be dramatically modified by genetic factor, and there will be partially independent production systems of amino acids into yolk and albumen. Since there will be typical quantitative genetic architecture of egg contents, further genetic analyses will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Goto
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan. .,Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Saki Shimamoto
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takaya
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.,Hokkaido Tokachi Area Regional Food Processing Technology Center, Tokachi Foundation, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-2462, Japan
| | - Shun Sato
- Agricultural Research Department, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido, 081-0038, Japan
| | - Kanna Takahashi
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Nishimura
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuko Morii
- Agricultural Research Department, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido, 081-0038, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kunishige
- Agricultural Research Department, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido, 081-0038, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtsuka
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Daichi Ijiri
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
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Moroi S, Nishimura K, Imai N, Kunishige K, Sato S, Goto T. Rapid behavioral assay using handling test provides breed and sex differences in tameness of chickens. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01394. [PMID: 31456336 PMCID: PMC6790303 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese indigenous chicken breeds are often used to improve meat quality rather than broilers in the Jidori industry. There are sometimes severe crowding accidents caused by many birds frightened by environmental stimuli. To prevent the economic loss, the chickens need to be more gentle, tame, and imperturbable. METHODS In this study, a new handling test for tameness in adult chickens in individual cages was performed with 100 birds from each sex of Shamo, Rhode Island Red, Nagoya, Australorp, and Ukokkei, as well as 10 hens of F1 hybrid between Shamo and Rhode Island Red, to measure both active and passive tameness. We counted the number heading toward human hands (heading) and retreating in other directions (avoiding) in both active and passive tameness phases, as well as the number of steps taken (step) during the handling test. RESULTS Male chickens exhibited higher avoidance behavior than females. Nagoya females displayed the lowest level of avoidance behavior, which implies passive tameness. In terms of active tameness, a variety of phenotypes can be obtained in different combinations of breed and sex. These results suggested the handling test will be good method for rapid screening of individual differences in tameness. In addition, there were heterosis effects on avoidance and locomotive behaviors. Since F1 is often used in the Jidori industry, the breeders should be tested not only for meat production but also for tameness. CONCLUSIONS In the future, combining both the behavioral screening and the population genomics will establish typical evidence about mechanisms of tameness and domestication in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Moroi
- Department of Life and Food SciencesObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineObihiroJapan
| | - Kenji Nishimura
- Department of Life and Food SciencesObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineObihiroJapan
| | - Nana Imai
- Department of Life and Food SciencesObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineObihiroJapan
- Present address:
Graduate School of Biosphere ScienceHiroshima UniversityHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
| | - Kyoko Kunishige
- Agricultural Research DepartmentAnimal Research CenterHokkaido Research OrganizationSapporoJapan
| | - Shun Sato
- Agricultural Research DepartmentAnimal Research CenterHokkaido Research OrganizationSapporoJapan
| | - Tatsuhiko Goto
- Department of Life and Food SciencesObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineObihiroJapan
- Research Center for Global AgromedicineObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineObihiroJapan
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Li C, Inoue T, Gotowda M, Suzuki S, Yamaguchi K, Kunishige K, Kai Y. Structure of azurin I from the denitrifying bacterium Alcaligenes xylosoxidans NCIMB 11015 at 2.45 A resolution. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 1998; 54:347-54. [PMID: 9761902 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444997010974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Azurin I from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans NCIMB 11015 (AzN-I) was crystallized by using PEG 4000 as a precipitant. The crystals belong to the monoclinic crystal system and have a space group C2 with the unit-cell parameters of a = 130.67, b = 54.26, c = 74.55 A, and beta = 95.99 degrees. The structure of AzN-I has been solved by the molecular replacement method. Azurin II from the same bacterium (AzN-II) was chosen as the initial structural model. The final crystallographic R value is 17.3% and free R value is 23.6% for 10958 reflections at a resolution of 2.45 A. The root-mean-square deviations for main-chain atoms range between 0.19 and 0.26 A among the four independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The Cu atom is coordinated to Ndelta of His46 and His117 at 2.0 (1) and 1.9 (1) A, and to Sgamma of Cys112 at 2.2 (1) A, while the carbonyl O atom of Gly45 and Sdelta of Met121 coordinate axially to Cu atom at 2.5 (1) and 3.1 (1) A, respectively. The Cu-N and Cu-S distances of AzN-I are quite similar to those of AzN-II, however, the Cu-SO (Gly45) bond length in AzN-I is 0.25 A shorter than the counterpart in AzN-II. The results have been used to discuss the differences in the spectra of these two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan
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