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Abstract
There have been significant advances in adhesive dentistry in recent decades, with efforts being made to improve the mechanical and bonding properties of resin-based dental adhesive materials. Various attempts have been made to achieve versatility, introducing functional monomers and silanes into the materials' composition to enable the chemical reaction with tooth structure and restorative materials and a multimode use. The novel adhesive materials also tend to be simpler in terms of clinical use, requiring reduced number of steps, making them less technique sensitive. However, these materials must also be reliable and have a long-lasting bond with different substrates. In order to fulfill these arduous tasks, different chemical constituents and different techniques are continuously being developed and introduced into dental adhesive materials. This critical review aims to discuss the concepts behind novel monomers, bioactive molecules, and alternative techniques recently implemented in adhesive dentistry. Incorporating monomers that are more resistant to hydrolytic degradation and functional monomers that enhance the micromechanical retention and improve chemical interactions between adhesive resin materials and various substrates improved the performance of adhesive materials. The current trend is to blend bioactive molecules into adhesive materials to enhance the mechanical properties and prevent endogenous enzymatic degradation of the dental substrate, thus ensuring the longevity of resin-dentin bonds. Moreover, alternative etching materials and techniques have been developed to address the drawbacks of phosphoric acid dentin etching. Altogether, we are witnessing a dynamic era in adhesive dentistry, with advancements aiming to bring us closer to simple and reliable bonding. However, simplification and novelty should not be achieved at the expense of material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cadenaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," Trieste, Italy
| | - U Josic
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - T Maravić
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Mazzitelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Marchesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Mancuso
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Breschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Mazzoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
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Placidi E, Breschi L, Meffe G, Lancellotta V, Greco F, Casà C, Stimato G, Fionda B, Teodoli S, Gambacorta M, Tagliaferri L, Indovina L. PO-1488 Brachytherapy plan reproducibility in gynecological cancer patients. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mazzitelli C, Ionescu A, Josic U, Brambilla E, Breschi L, Mazzoni A. Microbial contamination of resin composites inside their dispensers: An increased risk of cross-infection? J Dent 2021; 116:103893. [PMID: 34798151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of microorganisms' contamination inside the dispensing syringes of different types of resin-based composites (RBCs). METHODS This study encompassed two sections. First, an anonymous electronic survey was submitted via Google forms to Italian dentists to acquire information about composite handling during clinical procedures. Then, a bench test was performed on nanohybrid RBCs differing in matrix chemistry and fillers [FiltekTM Supreme XTE (3MTM); Venus Pearl (Kulzer GmbH); Admira Fusion x-tra (Voco)] to evaluate the microbial viability on their surfaces with/out photocuring. Uncured RBCs were exposed to standardized inocula of Streptococcus Mutans, Candida Albicans, Lactobacillus Rhamnosus, or mixt plaque in an in vitro model reproducing clinical restorative procedures. Half of the RBC specimens were cured after exposure. Microbial viability was assessed using an MTT-based test. Statistical analysis included three-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (p<0.05). RESULTS Among 300 dentists completing the survey, the majority declared to use the spatula to carry the RBCs from the syringe to the dental cavity (50% same spatula; 35% two spatulas). However, 80% of respondents had personal feelings that using one spatula could be a source of cross-contamination. In vitro results using one spatula showed microbial contamination of all RBCs after one hour of storage. The contamination levels depended on the used strain and RBC type (p<0.0001), but photocuring did not reduce contamination (p = 0.2992). CONCLUSIONS Microbial species' viability on uncured RBCs and after photocuring shows the existence of a considerable risk of cross-infection. Clinical procedures in Restorative Dentistry need to acknowledge and to reduce such risk during RBCs handling. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dentists must be aware of the possibility of cross-infection during restorative procedures, especially when the same spatula is repeatedly used for placing RBC in the cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mazzitelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna - Alma Mater Studiorum, Via San Vitale 59, Bologna 40125, Italy
| | - A Ionescu
- Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, via Pascal 36, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - U Josic
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna - Alma Mater Studiorum, Via San Vitale 59, Bologna 40125, Italy
| | - E Brambilla
- Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, via Pascal 36, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - L Breschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna - Alma Mater Studiorum, Via San Vitale 59, Bologna 40125, Italy.
| | - A Mazzoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna - Alma Mater Studiorum, Via San Vitale 59, Bologna 40125, Italy
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Maravic T, Mancuso E, Comba A, Checchi V, Generali L, Mazzitelli C, Josic U, Hass V, Reis A, Loguercio AD, Tay FR, Breschi L, Mazzoni A. Dentin Cross-linking Effect of Carbodiimide After 5 Years. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1090-1098. [PMID: 34009064 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211014799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbodiimide (EDC)-based dentin primers preserve hybrid layer (HL) integrity. However, aging >1 y has not been investigated. The present study examined whether the cross-linking effect of EDC was reflected in dentin bond strength, endogenous enzymatic activity, and the chemical profile of the HL after 5-y aging in artificial saliva. Noncarious human third molars (N = 42) were cut to expose middle/deep coronal dentin and treated as follows: group 1, dentin etched with 35% H3PO4, pretreated with a 0.3M aqueous EDC primer for 1 min and restored with XP Bond (Dentsply Sirona); group 2, as in group 1 but without EDC pretreatment; group 3, Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray-Noritake) primer applied to dentin surface, followed by EDC pretreatment as in group 1 and application of bond; group 4, as in group 3 without EDC pretreatment. After composite buildup, the specimens were cut into sticks or slabs, depending on the experiment. All tests were performed at baseline (T0) and after 5 y of aging (T5) in artificial saliva at 37 °C. Microtensile bond strength (µTBS) was tested at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. Endogenous enzymatic activity was investigated with in situ zymography. The chemical profile of HL was determined via Raman spectroscopy. Three-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test were used to analyze µTBS and in situ zymography data (α = 0.05). EDC pretreatment and aging significantly influenced µTBS and in situ zymography results (P < 0.05). Higher bond strength and lower gelatinolytic activity were identified in the EDC-treated groups at T5 (P < 0.05), especially in the etch-and-rinse groups. Raman spectra revealed less defined amide III peaks in control specimens at T5. The EDC cross-linking effect persisted in the HL for 5 y in terms of bond strength, collagen structure preservation, and dentinal enzyme silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maravic
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Mancuso
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Comba
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - V Checchi
- Unit of Dentistry and Oral-maxillo-facial Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - L Generali
- Unit of Dentistry and Oral-maxillo-facial Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - C Mazzitelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - U Josic
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - V Hass
- School of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - A Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - A D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - F R Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - L Breschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Mazzoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Meyer-Lueckel H, Opdam NJM, Breschi L, Buchalla W, Ceballos L, Doméjean S, Federlin M, Field J, Gurgan S, Hayashi M, Laegreid T, Loomans BAC, Lussi A, Lynch CD, Pallesen U, Peumans M, Toth Z, Wilson NHF. EFCD Curriculum for undergraduate students in Integrated Conservative Oral Healthcare (ConsCare). Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:3661-3670. [PMID: 31270666 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Meyer-Lueckel
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - N J M Opdam
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L Breschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - W Buchalla
- Department for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - L Ceballos
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía, Psicología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Inmunología y Microbiología Médica y Enfermería y Estomatología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Doméjean
- Département Odontologie Conservatrice. CHU Estaing Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Odontologie, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, UFR d'Odontologie, Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique EA 4847, University Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Federlin
- Department for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Field
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Gurgan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Laegreid
- Section of Cariology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Postboks 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - B A C Loomans
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Lussi
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C D Lynch
- University Dental School & Hospital, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - U Pallesen
- Section for Cariology and Endodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nörre Alle 20, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - M Peumans
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Kapucijnenvoer 7, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Z Toth
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - N H F Wilson
- Emeritus Professor of Dentistry, King's College London, London, UK
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Song Q, Jiao K, Tonggu L, Wang LG, Zhang SL, Yang YD, Zhang L, Bian JH, Hao DX, Wang CY, Ma YX, Arola DD, Breschi L, Chen JH, Tay FR, Niu LN. Contribution of biomimetic collagen-ligand interaction to intrafibrillar mineralization. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav9075. [PMID: 30989106 PMCID: PMC6459768 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav9075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary models of intrafibrillar mineralization mechanisms are established using collagen fibrils as templates without considering the contribution from collagen-bound apatite nucleation inhibitors. However, collagen matrices destined for mineralization in vertebrates contain bound matrix proteins for intrafibrillar mineralization. Negatively charged, high-molecular weight polycarboxylic acid is cross-linked to reconstituted collagen to create a model for examining the contribution of collagen-ligand interaction to intrafibrillar mineralization. Cryogenic electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulation show that, after cross-linking to collagen, the bound polyelectrolyte caches prenucleation cluster singlets into chain-like aggregates along the fibrillar surface to increase the pool of mineralization precursors available for intrafibrillar mineralization. Higher-quality mineralized scaffolds with better biomechanical properties are achieved compared with mineralization of unmodified scaffolds in polyelectrolyte-stabilized mineralization solution. Collagen-ligand interaction provides insights on the genesis of heterogeneously mineralized tissues and the potential causes of ectopic calcification in nonmineralized body tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Song
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’ an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - K. Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’ an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - L. Tonggu
- Department of Biological Structure, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L. G. Wang
- Department of Biological Structure, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S. L. Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Y. D. Yang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - L. Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - J. H. Bian
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - D. X. Hao
- Department of Applied Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - C. Y. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’ an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Y. X. Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’ an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - D. D. Arola
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L. Breschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - J. H. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’ an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - F. R. Tay
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’ an, Shaanxi, PR China
- College of Dental Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - L. N. Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’ an, Shaanxi, PR China
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Chirico S, Ionescu A, Breschi L, Brambilla E, Gagliani M. Endocrown luting procedures: analysis of dual luting cements conversion rate. Dent Mater 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gu L, Cai X, Guo J, Pashley D, Breschi L, Xu H, Wang X, Tay F, Niu L. Chitosan-Based Extrafibrillar Demineralization for Dentin Bonding. J Dent Res 2018; 98:186-193. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034518805419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Instability of resin-dentin bonds is the Achilles’ heel of adhesive dentistry. To address this problem, a chelate-and-rinse extrafibrillar dentin demineralization strategy has been developed that keeps intrafibrillar minerals within collagen fibrils intact to prevent activation of endogenous proteases that are responsible for collagen degradation within hybrid layers. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of using chitosan >40 kDa as an antimicrobial extrafibrillar dentin-chelating agent to enhance bond durability. Transmission electron microscopy provided evidence for retention of intrafibrillar minerals and smear plugs in dentin conditioned with 1 wt% chitosan. Analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance, Dunn’s statistic, and separate Mann-Whitney tests, tensile bond strengths to wet- and dry-bonded dentin indicated that chelating dentin with chitosan for 60 s prior to bonding did not result in a significant decline in resin-dentin bond strength when compared with that of phosphoric acid etching ( P > 0.05). Gelatinolytic activity within the hybrid layers was examined via in situ zymography after 24-h storage or after thermomechanical cycling and analyzed with 3-factor analysis of variance. After 24 h, enzymatic activity was detected only within completely demineralized phosphoric acid–etched dentin, with values derived from dry bonding significantly higher than those derived from wet bonding ( P < 0.05). Negligible fluorescence was detected within hybrid layers when dentin was conditioned with chitosan, even after thermomechanical cycling, as compared with the controls. Reduction in water permeability in chitosan-conditioned dentin, attributed to smear plug retention, also fostered long-term bond stability. Antibacterial testing performed with live/dead staining indicated that the acetic acid–solubilized chitosan possessed antibacterial activities against 3 single-species biofilms: Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Enterococcus faecalis. Taken together, the new chitosan-based extrafibrillar demineralization strategy retains intrafibrillar minerals, reduces endogenous protease-initiated collagen degradation, prevents water permeation within hybrid layers, and kills bacteria on dentin surfaces, which are crucial factors for enhancing resin-dentin bond durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.S. Gu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X. Cai
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - J.M. Guo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - D.H. Pashley
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - L. Breschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - H.H.K. Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - X.Y. Wang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - F.R. Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - L.N. Niu
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Gu L, Mazzoni A, Gou Y, Pucci C, Breschi L, Pashley D, Niu L, Tay F. Zymography of Hybrid Layers Created Using Extrafibrillar Demineralization. J Dent Res 2018; 97:409-415. [PMID: 29294298 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517747264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Gu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - A. Mazzoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna–Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - Y. Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - C. Pucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University UNESP São Jose dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L. Breschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna–Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - D.H. Pashley
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - L. Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - F.R. Tay
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Breschi L, Comba A, Maravic T, Mazzoni A, Cadenaro M, Carpegna G, Alovisi M, Scotti N. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) effect on push-out bond-strength and MMPs in dentin. Dent Mater 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fanfoni L, Marchesi G, Baccarini F, Turco G, Breschi L, Cadenaro M. Polymerization of dual resin cements light-cured through different ceramic materials. Dent Mater 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mazzoni A, Valente L, Comba A, Maravic T, Chuna S, Cadenaro M, Breschi L. Effect of benzalkonium-chloride (BAC) on dentin bond-strength and MMPs activity. Dent Mater 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.08.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cunha S, Maravic T, Comba A, Aranha A, Fregnani E, Tetti G, Breschi L, Mazzoni A. Enzymatic activity of the hybrid layer of irradiated teeth. Dent Mater 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bitter K, Maletic A, Neumann K, Breschi L, Sterzenbach G, Taschner M. Adhesive Durability Inside the Root Canal Using Self-adhesive Resin Cements for Luting Fiber Posts. Oper Dent 2017; 42:E167-E176. [PMID: 28976849 DOI: 10.2341/17-017-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of various self-adhesive resin cements on the push-out bond strengths and nanoleakage expression at the luting interfaces of fiber posts immediately and after one year of aging. METHODS AND MATERIALS One hundred forty-four extracted human anterior teeth were endodontically treated. After post space preparation, fiber posts were luted using five commercially available self-adhesive resin (SAR) cements and a core build-up material applied with a self-etch adhesive (BF: Bifix SE/Rebilda Post, VOCO; CSA: Clearfil SA Cement/Rely X Fiber Post, 3M ESPE; RX: RelyX Unicem 2/Rely X Fiber Post, 3M ESPE; SPC: Speed Cem/FRC Postec, Ivoclar Vivadent; SMC: Smart Cem/X Post, Dentsply; RB: Rebilda DC-Futurabond/Rebilda Post; n=22). For each group, half of the specimens were subjected to thermocycling (TC) (5°C-55°C, 10,000 cycles) and stored humid for one year at 37°C. Push-out bond strength data of six slices (thickness 1 mm) per root and nanoleakage expression of representative specimens were evaluated after 24 hours (baseline) and after TC and storage for one year (aging), respectively. RESULTS Bond strength differed significantly among resin cements (p<0.0005) and the location inside the root canal (p<0.0005), but not by aging (p=0.390; repeated-measures analysis of variance). SMC (14.6±5.8 MPa) and RX (14.1±6.8 MPa) revealed significantly higher bond strength compared to BF (10.6±5.4 MPa) and RB (10.0±4.6 MPa) but differed not significantly from SPC (12.8±4.8) MPa; CSA (6.1±4.6 MPa) revealed significantly lower bond strength compared to all other investigated materials (p<0.05; Tukey Honestly Significantly Different). Qualitative nanoleakage analysis revealed more silver deposits at the interface in all groups after aging. For CSA, a large amount of silver deposits inside the cement was also observed at baseline and after aging. CONCLUSIONS Fiber post luting using SAR cements demonstrated reliable bond strengths. Product-specific differences and initial degradation effects could be demonstrated.
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Mazzoni A, Angeloni V, Sartori N, Duarte S, Maravic T, Tjäderhane L, Pashley D, Tay F, Breschi L. Substantivity of Carbodiimide Inhibition on Dentinal Enzyme Activity over Time. J Dent Res 2017; 96:902-908. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034517708312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide HCl (EDC) has recently been investigated for its effectiveness in the prevention of collagen degradation over time and the improvement of resin-dentin bond durability. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a 0.3 M EDC-containing conditioner on endogenous enzymatic activities within the hybrid layer (HL) created by a self-etch or an etch-and-rinse adhesive after 1 y. The activity within the HL was examined using in situ zymography and confocal laser scanning microscopy after 24 h or 1-y storage in artificial saliva. Dentin specimens were bonded with Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) or XP Bond (XPB). For CSE, the self-etching primer was applied and treated with 0.3 M EDC for 1 min, and then the bonding agent was applied. For XPB, dentin was etched and treated with 0.3 M EDC for 1 min and then bonded with the primer-bonding agent. Control specimens were prepared without EDC treatment. Slices containing the adhesive-dentin interface were covered with fluorescein-conjugated gelatin and observed with a multiphoton confocal microscope. Fluorescence intensity emitted by hydrolyzed fluorescein-conjugated gelatin was quantified, and the amount of gelatinolytic activity was represented by the percentage of green fluorescence emitted within the HL. After 24 h of storage, enzymatic activity was detected by in situ zymography within the HLs of both tested adhesives, with XPB higher than CSE ( P < 0.05). Almost no fluorescence signal was detected when specimens were pretreated with EDC compared to controls ( P < 0.05). After 1 y of storage, enzymatic activities significantly increased for all groups (excluding XPB control) compared to 24-h storage ( P < 0.05), with EDC pretreated specimens exhibiting significantly lower activity than controls ( P < 0.05). The present study showed, for the first time, that the use of EDC for both the self-etch and the etch-and-rinse approaches results in the reduction but not complete inhibition of matrix-bound collagenolytic enzyme activities over time in the HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Mazzoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna–Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - V. Angeloni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna–Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - N. Sartori
- Division of Restorative Sciences, University of Southern California Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S. Duarte
- Division of Restorative Sciences, University of Southern California Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T. Maravic
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna–Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - L. Tjäderhane
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, and Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - D.H. Pashley
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - F.R. Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - L. Breschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna–Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
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Scotti N, Comba A, Michelotto Tempesta R, Ibba V, Breschi L, Alovisi M, Berutti E. Curing protocol effect on self-adhesive cement adhesion to radicular dentin. Dent Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.08.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Mazzoni A, Comba A, Maravic T, Cadenaro M, Scotti N, Breschi L. Endogenous enzymatic activity on deciduous and permanent dentin. Dent Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Comba A, Maravic T, Mazzoni A, Cadenaro M, Nucci C, Scotti N, Breschi L. Effect of acrolein-based primer as collagen cross-linker on dentin adhesion. Dent Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Maravic T, Comba A, Mazzoni A, Cadenaro M, Scotti N, Checchi V, Breschi L. Effect of a chlorhexidine-based adhesive on dentin hybrid layer stability. Dent Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Breschi L, Mazzoni A, Pashley DH, Pasquantonio G, Ruggeri A, Suppa P, Mazzotti G, Di Lenarda R, Tay FR. Electric-current-assisted Application of Self-etch Adhesives to Dentin. J Dent Res 2016; 85:1092-6. [PMID: 17122160 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608501205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of electric current during the application of etch-and-rinse adhesive systems has been recently claimed to increase bonding of etch-and-rinse adhesives by enhancing substrate impregnation. The null hypothesis tested in this study was that electrically assisted application has no effect on bond strength of self-etching bonding systems. Three self-etch adhesives (Protect-Bond, Xeno III, and Prompt L-Pop) were applied with the aid of an electric signal-generating device (ElectroBond) and tested vs. controls prepared with the same disposable sponges but without electric current. Specimens bonded under the influence of electric current exhibited increased microtensile bond strength compared with the controls (p < 0.05). High-resolution SEM analysis showed that bonding under the influence of electricity reduced interfacial nanoleakage. It is speculated that resin infiltration may be improved by the attraction of polar monomers by an electric current or by modification of the dentin surface charges, resulting in better water substitution or evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Breschi
- Division of Dental Sciences and Biomaterials, Department of Biomedicine, University of Trieste, Via Stuparich, 1, I-34125 Trieste, Italy.
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Abstract
Incompletely infiltrated collagen fibrils in acid-etched dentin are susceptible to degradation. We hypothesize that degradation can occur in the absence of bacteria. Partially demineralized collagen matrices (DCMs) prepared from human dentin were stored in artificial saliva. Control specimens were stored in artificial saliva containing proteolytic enzyme inhibitors, or pure mineral oil. We retrieved them at 24 hrs, 90 and 250 days to examine the extent of degradation of DCM. In the 24-hour experimental and 90- and 250-day control specimens, we observed 5- to 6-μm-thick layers of DCM containing banded collagen fibrils. DCMs were almost completely destroyed in the 250-day experimental specimens, but not when incubated with enzyme inhibitors or mineral oil. Functional enzyme analysis of dentin powder revealed low levels of collagenolytic activity that was inhibited by protease inhibitors or 0.2% chlorhexidine. We hypothesize that collagen degradation occurred over time, via host-derived matrix metalloproteinases that are released slowly over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Pashley
- Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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22
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Chersoni S, Suppa P, Grandini S, Goracci C, Monticelli F, Yiu C, Huang C, Prati C, Breschi L, Ferrari M, Pashley DH, Tay FR. In vivo and in vitro Permeability of One-step Self-etch Adhesives. J Dent Res 2016; 83:459-64. [PMID: 15153452 DOI: 10.1177/154405910408300605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesive dentistry should effectively restore the peripheral seal of dentin after enamel removal. We hypothesize that non-rinsing, simplified, one-step self-etch adhesives are effective for minimizing dentin permeability after tooth preparation procedures. Crown preparations in vital human teeth were sealed with Adper Prompt, Xeno III, iBond, or One-Up Bond F. Epoxy resin replicas were produced from polyvinyl siloxane impressions for SEM examination. Dentin surfaces from extracted human teeth were bonded with these adhesives and connected to a fluid-transport model for permeability measurements and TEM examination. Dentinal fluid droplets were observed from adhesive surfaces in resin replicas of in vivo specimens. In vitro fluid conductance of dentin bonded with one-step self-etch adhesives was either similar to or greater than that of smear-layer-covered dentin. TEM revealed water trees within the adhesives that facilitate water movement across the polymerized, highly permeable adhesives. Both in vitro and in vivo results did not support the proposed hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chersoni
- Department of Dental Science, University of Bologna, Italy
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Navarra CO, Cadenaro M, Frassetto A, Fontanive L, Di Lenarda R, Breschi L. Degree of Conversion of Self-etch Adhesives: In Situ Micro-Raman Analysis. Oper Dent 2016; 41:501-510. [DOI: 10.2341/15-165-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Purpose: Degree of conversion (DC) affects the physicochemical properties of dental adhesives. The aim of this study was to measure the DC within the hybrid layer of four one-step self-etch adhesives using Raman microspectroscopy. The hypothesis tested was that there was no difference among the tested adhesives.
Methods and Materials: The selected one-step self-etch adhesives (Clearfil S3 Bond Plus, I-BOND, G-BOND, and Adper Easy Bond) were applied on human dentin disks and polymerized in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions. Specimens were transversally cut to expose the bonded interfaces to the micro-Raman beam, and Raman spectra were collected along the dentin/adhesive interface. Measurements were performed at 1-μm intervals. The relative intensities of bands associated with the C=C bond (at 1640 cm−1) and an internal stable peak (1610 cm−1) were determined to calculate the degree of conversion within the hybrid layer. Data were statistically analyzed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Bartlett tests and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests.
Results: The DC ranked as follows: G-BOND (93%±6%) ≥ Adper Easy Bond (92%±6%) ≥ I-BOND (89%±7%) > Clearfil S3 Bond Plus (80%±14%) (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, all of the tested self-etch adhesives showed a clinically acceptable DC that was material dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- CO Navarra
- Chiara Ottavia Navarra, DDS, MS, PhD, University of Trieste, Department of Medical Sciences, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Cadenaro
- Milena Cadenaro, associate professor, DDS, MS, PhD, University of Trieste, Department of Medical Sciences, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Frassetto
- Andrea Frassetto, University of Trieste, Department of Medical Sciences, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Fontanive
- Luca Fontanive, University of Trieste, Department of Medical Sciences, Trieste, Italy
| | - R Di Lenarda
- Roberto Di Lenarda, professor, DDS, MS, University of Trieste, Department of Medical Sciences, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Breschi
- Lorenzo Breschi, University of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, Bologna, Italy
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24
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Chiba A, Zhou J, Nakajima M, Tan J, Tagami J, Scheffel D, Hebling J, Agee K, Breschi L, Grégoire G, Jang S, Tay F, Pashley D. The effects of ethanol on the size-exclusion characteristics of type I dentin collagen to adhesive resin monomers. Acta Biomater 2016; 33:235-41. [PMID: 26827779 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
During dentin bonding with etch-and-rinse adhesive systems, phosphoric acid etching of mineralized dentin solubilizes the mineral crystallites and replaces them with bound and unbound water. During the infiltration phase of dentin bonding, solvated adhesive resin comonomers are supposed to replace all of the unbound collagen water and polymerize into copolymers. A recently published review suggested that dental monomers are too large to enter and displace water from tightly-packed collagen molecules. Conversely, recent work from the authors' laboratory demonstrated that HEMA and TEGDMA freely equilibrate with water-saturated dentin matrices. However, because adhesive blends are solvated in organic solvents, those solvents may remove enough free water to allow collagen molecules to come close enough to exclude adhesive monomer permeation. The present study analyzed the size-exclusion characteristics of dentin collagen, using a gel permeation-like column chromatography technique, filled with dentin powder instead of Sephadex beads as the stationary phase. The elution volumes of different sized test molecules, including adhesive resin monomers, studied in both water-saturated dentin, and again in ethanol-dehydrated dentin powder, showed that adhesive resin monomers can freely diffuse into both hydrated and dehydrated collagen molecules. Under these in vitro conditions, all free and some of the loosely-bound water seems to have been removed by ethanol. These results validate the concept that adhesive resin monomers can permeate tightly-bound water in ethanol-saturated collagen molecules during infiltration by etch-and-rinse adhesives. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE It has been reported that collagen molecules in dentin matrices are packed too close together to allow permeation of adhesive monomers between them. Resin infiltration, in this view, would be limited to extrafibrillar spaces. Our work suggests that monomers equilibrate with collagen water in both water and ethanol-saturated dentin matrices.
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25
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Petrolo F, Comba A, Breschi L, Berutti E, Scotti N. Bond strength evaluation of a novel hydrophilic adhesive system. Dent Mater 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.08.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Ionescu A, Brambilla E, Travan A, Marsich E, Donati I, Gobbi P, Turco G, Di Lenarda R, Cadenaro M, Paoletti S, Breschi L. Silver–polysaccharide antimicrobial nanocomposite coating for methacrylic surfaces reduces Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation in vitro. J Dent 2015; 43:1483-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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27
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Marchesi G, Frassetto A, Turco G, Breschi L, Cadenaro M. Marginal quality of direct composite veneering system for cervical fillings. Dent Mater 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Penelas A, Angeloni V, Mazzoni A, Breschi L, Silva E, Amaral C. Zymographic analysis of experimental MMP inhibitors containing adhesives. Dent Mater 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Checchi V, Checchi L, Mazzoni A, Breschi L, Felice P. Histologic analysis of two dental implants extracted after osseointegration. Dent Mater 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Mazzoni A, Tjäderhane L, Checchi V, Di Lenarda R, Salo T, Tay FR, Pashley DH, Breschi L. Role of dentin MMPs in caries progression and bond stability. J Dent Res 2014; 94:241-51. [PMID: 25535202 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514562833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentin can be described as a biological composite with collagen matrix embedded with nanosized hydroxyapatite mineral crystallites. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine cathepsins are families of endopeptidases. Enzymes of both families are present in dentin and collectively capable of degrading virtually all extracellular matrix components. This review describes these enzymes and their presence in dentin, mainly focusing on their role in dentin caries pathogenesis and loss of collagen in the adhesive hybrid layer under composite restorations. MMPs and cysteine cathepsins present in saliva, mineralized dentin, and/or dentinal fluid may affect the dentin caries process at the early phases of demineralization. Changes in collagen and noncollagenous protein structure may participate in observed decreases in mechanical properties of caries-affected dentin and reduce the ability of caries-affected dentin to remineralize. These endogenous enzymes also remain entrapped within the hybrid layer during the resin infiltration process, and the acidic bonding agents themselves (irrespective of whether they are etch-and-rinse or self-etch) can activate these endogenous protease proforms. Since resin impregnation is frequently incomplete, denuded collagen matrices associated with free water (which serves as a collagen cleavage reagent for these endogenous hydrolase enzymes) can be enzymatically disrupted, finally contributing to the degradation of the hybrid layer. There are multiple in vitro and in vivo reports showing that the longevity of the adhesive interface is increased when nonspecific enzyme-inhibiting strategies are used. Different chemicals (i.e., chlorhexidine, galardin, and benzalkonium chloride) or collagen cross-linker agents have been successfully employed as therapeutic primers in the bonding procedure. In addition, the incorporation of enzyme inhibitors (i.e., quaternary ammonium methacrylates) into the resin blends has been recently promoted. This review will describe MMP functions in caries and hybrid layer degradation and explore the potential therapeutic role of MMP inhibitors for the development of improved intervention strategies for MMP-related oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mazzoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Tjäderhane
- Institute of Dentistry, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - V Checchi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - R Di Lenarda
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - T Salo
- Institute of Dentistry, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - F R Tay
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - D H Pashley
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - L Breschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Italy
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Orsini G, Majorana A, Mazzoni A, Putignano A, Falconi M, Polimeni A, Breschi L. Immunocytochemical detection of dentin matrix proteins in primary teeth from patients with dentinogenesis imperfecta associated with osteogenesis imperfecta. Eur J Histochem 2014; 58:2405. [PMID: 25578972 PMCID: PMC4289844 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2014.2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentinogenesis imperfecta determines structural alterations of the collagen structure still not completely elucidated. Immunohisto-chemical analysis was used to assay type I and VI collagen, various non-collagenous proteins distribution in human primary teeth from healthy patients or from patients affected by type I dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI-I) associated with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). In sound primary teeth, an organized well-known ordered pattern of the type I collagen fibrils was found, whereas atypical and disorganized fibrillar structures were observed in dentin of DGI-I affected patients. Expression of type I collagen was observed in both normal and affected primary teeth, although normal dentin stained more uniformly than DGI-I affected dentin. Reactivity of type VI collagen was significantly lower in normal teeth than in dentin from DGI-I affected patients (P<0.05). Expressions of dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1) and osteopontin (OPN) were observed in both normal dentin and dentin from DGI-I affected patients, without significant differences, being DMP1 generally more abundantly expressed. Immuno labeling for chondroitin sulfate (CS) and biglycan (BGN) was weaker in dentin from DGI-I-affected patients compared to normal dentin, this decrease being significant only for CS. This study shows ultra-structural alterations in dentin obtained from patients affected by DGI-I, supported by immunocytochemical assays of different collagenous and non-collagenous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Orsini
- Polytechnic University of Marche.
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Taschner M, Kümmerling M, Lohbauer U, Breschi L, Petschelt A, Frankenberger R. Effect of Double-layer Application on Dentin Bond Durability of One-step Self-etch Adhesives. Oper Dent 2014; 39:416-26. [DOI: 10.2341/13-168-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Purpose
The aim of this in vitro study was 1) to analyze the influence of a double-layer application technique of four one-step self-etch adhesive systems on dentin and 2) to determine its effect on the stability of the adhesive interfaces stored under different conditions.
Materials and Methods
Four different one-step self-etch adhesives were selected for the study (iBondSE, Clearfil S3 Bond, XenoV+, and Scotchbond Universal). Adhesives were applied according to manufacturers' instructions or with a double-layer application technique (without light curing of the first layer). After bonding, resin-dentin specimens were sectioned for microtensile bond strength testing in accordance with the nontrimming technique and divided into 3 subgroups of storage: a) 24 hours (immediate bond strength, T0), b) six months (T6) in artificial saliva at 37°C, or c) five hours in 10 % NaOCl at room temperature. After storage, specimens were stressed to failure. Fracture mode was assessed under a light microscope.
Results
At T0, iBond SE showed a significant increase in microtensile bond strength when the double-application technique was applied. All adhesive systems showed reduced bond strengths after six months of storage in artificial saliva and after storage in 10% NaOCl for five hours; however at T6, iBond SE, Clearfil S3 Bond, and XenoV+ showed significantly higher microtensile bond strength results for the double-application technique compared with the single-application technique. Scotchbond Universal showed no difference between single- or double-application, irrespective of the storage conditions.
Conclusion
The results of this study show that improvements in bond strength of one-step self-etch adhesives by using the double-application technique are adhesive dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taschner
- Michael Taschner, DMD, assistant professor, University Hospital of Erlangen, Dental Clinic 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Kümmerling
- Maria Kümmerling, post graduate student, University Hospital of Erlangen, Dental Clinic 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - U Lohbauer
- Ulrich Lohbauer, MSc, PhD, FADM, Dental Clinic 1, Dental Materials Lab, Erlangen, Germany
| | - L Breschi
- Lorenzo Breschi, DDS, PhD, professor, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Petschelt
- Anselm Petschelt, DMD, PhD, professor and chair, University Hospital of Erlangen, Dental Clinic 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Frankenberger
- Roland Frankenberger, DMD, PhD, professor and chair, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Marchesi G, Spreafico R, Frassetto A, Turco G, Di Lenarda R, Cadenaro M, Breschi L. Cervical margin-relocation of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic crown using resin-composite. Dent Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Comba A, Cadenaro M, Breschi L, Berutti E, Monaco C, Scotti R, Scotti N. DC and MH of a dual-cement under disilicate and composite. Dent Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Turco G, Marsich E, Mazzoni A, Di Lenarda R, Cadenaro M, Tay F, Pashley D, Breschi L. Biocompatibility of EDC cross-linked demineralized dentin collagen matrix. Dent Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bergantin E, Turco G, Cadenaro M, Breschi L, Berutti E, Scotti N. Effect of synthetic hydroxyapatite in improving fiber posts bond strength. Dent Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Navarra C, Sorrentino R, Zarone F, Di Lenarda R, Breschi L, Cadenaro M. Effects of marginal preparation and fatigue-cyclic loading on zirconia phase-transformation. Dent Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Salvatore V, Angeloni V, Putignano A, Mazzoni A, Falconi M, Orsini G, Breschi L. Effects of MMP inhibitors blended within dental adhesives. Dent Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ventura G, Zante M, Comba A, Coero B, Francesco A, Cadenaro M, Breschi L, Berutti E, Scotti N. Curing pattern of polywave multiLED lamps: An in vitro study. Dent Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gobbi P, Turco G, Frassetto A, Fontanive L, Mazzoni A, Teti G, Falconi M, Cadenaro M, Breschi L. Morphological and chemical characterization of cross-linked dentin collagen matrix. Dent Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Angeloni V, Mazzoni A, Cadenaro M, Santi S, Falconi M, Di Lenarda R, Tay F, Pashley D, Breschi L. Effect of EDC on the interface of a self-etch adhesive. Dent Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Diolosà M, Marsich E, Donati I, Turco G, Paoletti S, Di Lenarda R, Breschi L, Cadenaro M. Cytotoxicity of experimental chitosan methacrylate polymer for dental adhesive purposes. Dent Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mazzoni A, Apolonio FM, Saboia VPA, Santi S, Angeloni V, Checchi V, Curci R, Di Lenarda R, Tay FR, Pashley DH, Breschi L. Carbodiimide inactivation of MMPs and effect on dentin bonding. J Dent Res 2013; 93:263-8. [PMID: 24334409 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513516465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of protein cross-linking agents during bonding procedures has been recently proposed to improve bond durability. This study aimed to use zymography and in situ zymography techniques to evaluate the ability of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) cross-linker to inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. The hypotheses tested were that: (1) bonding procedures increase dentin gelatinolytic activity and (2) EDC pre-treatment prevents this enzymatic activity. The zymographic assay was performed on protein extracts obtained from dentin powder treated with Optibond FL or Scotchbond 1XT with or without 0.3M EDC pre-treatment. For in situ zymography, adhesive/dentin interfaces were created with the same adhesives applied to acid-etched dentin slabs pre-treated or not with EDC conditioner. Zymograms revealed increased expression of dentin endogenous MMP-2 and -9 after adhesive application, while the use of EDC as a primer inactivated dentin gelatinases. Results of in situ zymograpy showed that hybrid layers of tested adhesives exhibited intense collagenolytic activity, while almost no fluorescence signal was detected when specimens were pre-treated with EDC. The correlative analysis used in this study demonstrated that EDC could contribute to inactivate endogenous dentin MMPs within the hybrid layer created by etch-and-rinse adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mazzoni
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Dental Sciences and Biomaterials, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Takahashi M, Nakajima M, Tagami J, Scheffel D, Carvalho R, Mazzoni A, Cadenaro M, Tezvergil-Mutluay A, Breschi L, Tjäderhane L, Jang S, Tay F, Agee K, Pashley D. The importance of size-exclusion characteristics of type I collagen in bonding to dentin matrices. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:9522-8. [PMID: 23928333 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The mineral phase of dentin is located primarily within collagen fibrils. During development, bone or dentin collagen fibrils are formed first and then water within the fibril is replaced with apatite crystallites. Mineralized collagen contains very little water. During dentin bonding, acid-etching of mineralized dentin solubilizes the mineral crystallites and replaces them with water. During the infiltration phase of dentin bonding, adhesive comonomers are supposed to replace all of the collagen water with adhesive monomers that are then polymerized into copolymers. The authors of a recently published review suggested that dental monomers were too large to enter and displace water from collagen fibrils. If that were true, the endogenous proteases bound to dentin collagen could be responsible for unimpeded collagen degradation that is responsible for the poor durability of resin-dentin bonds. The current work studied the size-exclusion characteristics of dentin collagen, using a gel-filtration-like column chromatography technique, using dentin powder instead of Sephadex. The elution volumes of test molecules, including adhesive monomers, revealed that adhesive monomers smaller than ∼1000 Da can freely diffuse into collagen water, while molecules of 10,000 Da begin to be excluded, and bovine serum albumin (66,000 Da) was fully excluded. These results validate the concept that dental monomers can permeate between collagen molecules during infiltration by etch-and-rinse adhesives in water-saturated matrices.
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Martini D, Trirè A, Breschi L, Mazzoni A, Teti G, Falconi M, Ruggeri A. Dentin matrix protein 1 and dentin sialophosphoprotein in human sound and carious teeth: an immunohistochemical and colorimetric assay. Eur J Histochem 2013; 57:e32. [PMID: 24441185 PMCID: PMC3896034 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2013.e32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) are extracellular matrix proteins produced by odontoblasts involved in the dentin mineralization. The aim this study was to compare the distribution of DMP1 and DSPP in human sound dentin vs human sclerotic dentin. Sixteen sound and sixteen carious human molars were selected, fixed in paraformaldehyde and processed for immunohistochemical detection of DMP1 and DSPP by means of light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution field emission in-lens scanning electron microscopy (FEI-SEM). Specimens were submitted to a pre-embedding or a post-embedding immunolabeling technique using primary antibodies anti DMP1 and anti-DSPP and gold-conjugated secondary antibodies. Other samples were processed for the detection of DMP1 and DSPP levels. Dentin from these samples was mechanically fractured to powder, then a protein extraction and a protein level detection assay were performed. DMP1 and DSPP were more abundant in carious than in sound samples. Immunohistochemical analyses in sclerotic dentin disclosed a high expression of DMP1 and DSPP inside the tubules, suggesting an active biomineralization of dentin by odontoblasts. Furthermore, the detection of small amounts of these proteins inside the tubules far from the carious lesion, as shown in the present study, is consistent with the hypothesis of a preventive defense of all dentin after a noxious stimulus has undermined the tooth.
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Navarra CO, Reda B, Diolosà M, Casula I, Di Lenarda R, Breschi L, Cadenaro M. The effects of two 10% carbamide peroxide nightguard bleaching agents, with and without desensitizer, on enamel and sensitivity: anin vivostudy. Int J Dent Hyg 2013; 12:115-20. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CO Navarra
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - B Reda
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - M Diolosà
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - I Casula
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Brescia; Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - R Di Lenarda
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - L Breschi
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM); Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - M Cadenaro
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
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Abstract
SUMMARY
The incorporation of hydrophilic and acidic resin monomers substantially improved the initial bonding of contemporary etch-and-rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE) adhesives to intrinsically wet dental substrates, providing quite favorable immediate results, regardless of the bonding approach used. However, in the long term, the bonding effectiveness of most simplified ER and SE adhesives drop dramatically. This review examines the fundamental processes that are responsible for the aging mechanisms involved in the degradation of the resin-bonded interfaces and some possible clinical approaches that have been effective in minimizing or even preventing the degradation of the adhesive interfaces produced with simplified adhesives. The incorporation of some of the feasible approaches - described in this review - may improve the quality of the adhesive restorations performed in clinical practice, while manufacturers develop bonding materials that are less susceptible to the aging mechanisms present in the oral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reis
- Alessandra Reis, DDS, PhD, adjunct professor, State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - M Carrilho
- Marcela Rocha Carrilho, DDS, PhD, professor, GEO/Bandeirante University of São Paulo and School of Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - L Breschi
- Lorenzo Breschi, DDS, PhD, professor, University of Trieste, Dental Sciences and Biomaterials, Trieste, Italy
| | - AD Loguercio
- Alessandro D. Loguercio, DDS, MS, PhD, adjunct professor, State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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Orsini G, Mattioli-Belmonte M, Orciani M, Mazzoni A, Teti G, Falconi M, Putignano A, Breschi L. Expression of Procollagen A1 Type I Induced by Two Different Dentine Bonding Systems in Human Pulp Fibroblasts. EUR J INFLAMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1301100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M. Mattioli-Belmonte
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M. Orciani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - A. Mazzoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Dental Sciences and Biomaterials, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- IGM-CNR, Unit of Bologna c/o IOR, Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Teti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotory Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Falconi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotory Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Putignano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - L. Breschi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Dental Sciences and Biomaterials, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- IGM-CNR, Unit of Bologna c/o IOR, Bologna, Italy
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Scotti N, Scansetti M, Rota R, Breschi L, Mazzoni A, Pasqualini D, Berutti E. Active application of liquid etching agent improves adhesion of fibre posts to intraradicular dentine. Int Endod J 2013; 46:1039-45. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Scotti
- Department of Surgical Sciences Dental School Lingotto University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - M. Scansetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences Dental School Lingotto University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - R. Rota
- Department of Surgical Sciences Dental School Lingotto University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - L. Breschi
- Department of Medical Sciences University of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - A. Mazzoni
- IGM‐CNR Unit of Bologna c/o IOR Bologna Italy
| | - D. Pasqualini
- Department of Surgical Sciences Dental School Lingotto University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - E. Berutti
- Department of Surgical Sciences Dental School Lingotto University of Turin Turin Italy
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50
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Diolosà M, Donati I, Paoletti S, Di Lenarda R, Breschi L, Cadenaro M. Bond stability of a chitosan-containing experimental adhesive. Dent Mater 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.08.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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