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Formenti N, Guarneri F, Bertasio C, Parisio G, Romeo C, Scali F, Birbes L, Boniotti MB, Diegoli G, Candela L, Romeo GA, Pasquali P, Alborali GL. Wastewater-based surveillance in Italy leading to the first detection of mcr-10-positive Klebsiella quasipneumoniae. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2022; 11:155. [PMID: 36494741 PMCID: PMC9734789 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-022-01194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater-based surveillance enabled the first detection of the mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-10 in Italy. This plasmid-borne resistance gene was found in strains of Klebsiella quasipneumoniae isolated from samples of human raw sewage collected over several months. Although the isolates were phenotypically susceptible to colistin, the emergence of mcr-10 is concerning due to the highly variable expression of the gene and the potential for horizontal transfer to other species. In addition, the strains also carried an extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene and were phenotypically resistant to several beta-lactams. This study highlights the value of wastewater-based surveillance as an effective tool to monitor the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in strains circulating in the community and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Formenti
- grid.419583.20000 0004 1757 1598Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Flavia Guarneri
- grid.419583.20000 0004 1757 1598Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Bertasio
- grid.419583.20000 0004 1757 1598Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Parisio
- grid.419583.20000 0004 1757 1598Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Romeo
- grid.419583.20000 0004 1757 1598Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federico Scali
- grid.419583.20000 0004 1757 1598Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Birbes
- grid.419583.20000 0004 1757 1598Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- grid.419583.20000 0004 1757 1598Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Diegoli
- Regione Emilia Romagna - Settore Prevenzione Collettiva e Sanità Pubblica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Loredana Candela
- grid.415788.70000 0004 1756 9674Ministero della Salute - Direzione Generale della Sanità Animale e dei Farmaci Veterinari, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Antonio Romeo
- grid.415788.70000 0004 1756 9674Ministero della Salute - Direzione Generale della Sanità Animale e dei Farmaci Veterinari, Rome, Italy ,grid.419578.60000 0004 1805 1770Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Paolo Pasquali
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Dipartimento di Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- grid.419583.20000 0004 1757 1598Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Brescia, Italy
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Formenti N, Calò S, Parisio G, Guarneri F, Birbes L, Pitozzi A, Scali F, Tonni M, Guadagno F, Giovannini S, Salogni C, Ianieri A, Bellini S, Pasquali P, Alborali GL. ESBL/AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli in Wild Boar: Epidemiology and Risk Factors. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071855. [PMID: 34206498 PMCID: PMC8300396 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex health problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) involves many host species, numerous bacteria and several routes of transmission. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase and AmpC (ESBL/AmpC)-producing Escherichia coli are among the most important strains. Moreover, wildlife hosts are of interest as they are likely antibiotics free and are assumed as environmental indicators of AMR contamination. Particularly, wild boar (Sus scrofa) deserves attention because of its increased population densities, with consequent health risks at the wildlife-domestic-human interface, and the limited data available on AMR. Here, 1504 wild boar fecal samples were microbiologically and molecularly analyzed to investigate ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli and, through generalized linear models, the effects of host-related factors and of human population density on their spread. A prevalence of 15.96% of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli, supported by blaCTX-M (12.3%), blaTEM (6.98%), blaCMY (0.86%) and blaSHV (0.47%) gene detection, emerged. Young animals were more colonized by ESBL/AmpC strains than older subjects, as observed in domestic animals. Increased human population density leads to increased blaTEM prevalence in wild boar, suggesting that spatial overlap may favor this transmission. Our results show a high level of AMR contamination in the study area that should be further investigated. However, a role of wild boar as a maintenance host of AMR strains emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Formenti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (G.P.); (F.G.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (M.T.); (F.G.); (S.G.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (G.L.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefania Calò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (G.P.); (F.G.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (M.T.); (F.G.); (S.G.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Giovanni Parisio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (G.P.); (F.G.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (M.T.); (F.G.); (S.G.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Flavia Guarneri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (G.P.); (F.G.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (M.T.); (F.G.); (S.G.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Laura Birbes
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (G.P.); (F.G.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (M.T.); (F.G.); (S.G.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Alessandra Pitozzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (G.P.); (F.G.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (M.T.); (F.G.); (S.G.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Federico Scali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (G.P.); (F.G.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (M.T.); (F.G.); (S.G.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Matteo Tonni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (G.P.); (F.G.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (M.T.); (F.G.); (S.G.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Federica Guadagno
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (G.P.); (F.G.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (M.T.); (F.G.); (S.G.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Stefano Giovannini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (G.P.); (F.G.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (M.T.); (F.G.); (S.G.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Cristian Salogni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (G.P.); (F.G.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (M.T.); (F.G.); (S.G.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Adriana Ianieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Silvia Bellini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (G.P.); (F.G.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (M.T.); (F.G.); (S.G.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Paolo Pasquali
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (G.P.); (F.G.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (M.T.); (F.G.); (S.G.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (G.L.A.)
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Baldo V, Salogni C, Giovannini S, D'Incau M, Boniotti MB, Birbes L, Pitozzi A, Formenti N, Grassi A, Pasquali P, Alborali GL. Pathogenicity of Shiga Toxin Type 2e Escherichia coli in Pig Colibacillosis. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:545818. [PMID: 33062659 PMCID: PMC7530191 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.545818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin type 2e (Stx2e) Escherichia coli is the causative factor of diarrhea and edema in swine. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of Stx2e-producing E. coli isolates and to characterize isolates from clinical cases of pig colibacillosis and healthy swine. During the 11 years of the study (2006–2017), a total of 233 Stx2e-producing isolates were detected−230 out of 2,060 (11.16%) E. coli isolated from diseased pigs and 3 out of 171 (1.75%) from healthy swine. Stx2e-producing isolates were indeed more present in clinical colibacillosis cases than in healthy pigs (p = 0.0002). The predominant serogroup was O139 (79.82%) and the most common fimbrial factor present in these isolates was F18 (177 isolates), followed by F6 (5 isolates). The enterotoxins LTI, STa, and STb were detected in 10.43, 41.73, and 48.26% of the isolates, respectively. The predominant virotypes F18-Stx2e and -STa-STb-Stx2e were similarly present in weaners (33.33 and 35.52%) and finishers (38.30 and 25.53%). Among isolates from diseased pigs, O139 and F18 were the more frequently identified serogroup and virulence factor, respectively. Of the tested 230 Stx2e-producing isolates isolated from diseased pigs, 29 (12.60%) harbored genes encoding ESBL, particularly TEM (79.30%), CTX-M1 (17.20%), and CMY-2 (3.40%). Antimicrobial resistance to tetracycline was the most common characteristic (98.25%), followed by ampicillin (93.91%), cephalotin (90.43%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (82.17%). Our results showed that Stx2e-producing E. coli were more frequently associated with clinical forms of colibacillosis, with minimal probability to isolate these isolates from healthy pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Baldo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristian Salogni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovannini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
| | - Mario D'Incau
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Birbes
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pitozzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Formenti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Grassi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pasquali
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
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