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Guerrini A, Roncada P, Al-Qudah KM, Isani G, Pacicco F, Peloso M, Sardi L, Tedesco DEA, Romeo GA, Caprai E. Content of Toxic Elements (Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Lead) in Eggs from an Ethically Managed Laying Hen Farm. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1133. [PMID: 38612373 PMCID: PMC11010967 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic chicken farming has been promoted and spread in several Italian municipalities and worldwide as an aid to the self-consumption of domestically produced food. This study investigated the levels of four toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) in eggs from an ethical laying hen farm, comparing the element concentrations with those possibly present in supermarket eggs. A total of 201 eggs, 141 from the farm and produced by different hen genotypes, and 60 from the supermarket, were collected. The levels of the toxic elements were evaluated in the yolk, albumen, and eggshells of all eggs. The results show that the supermarket eggs' yolk and albumen were more contaminated with lead, compared to the rural eggs. Contrarily, the mean content of arsenic was higher in the albumen and eggshells of the rural eggs, compared to the supermarket eggs. The cadmium content was below the LOQ (0.005 mg/kg) in all samples. The mercury content was below or around the LOQ in all rural eggs. Overall, the supermarket egg albumens were significantly more contaminated than the rural ones. No significant differences were found in quality parameters for both types of eggs. The toxic element values that were detected were in line with other studies in the literature. However, despite the concentrations found not representing a risk to the consumers' health, the results of this study raise a potential food safety issue, and it would be desirable to set specific MRLs for eggs for consumers' protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Guerrini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (D.E.A.T.)
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (G.I.); (L.S.)
| | - Khaled Mefleh Al-Qudah
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Gloria Isani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (G.I.); (L.S.)
| | - Fausto Pacicco
- Department of Economics, LIUC Cattaneo University, Via Corso G. Matteotti 22, 21053 Castellanza, Italy;
| | - Mariantonietta Peloso
- Chemical Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’, Via P. Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Luca Sardi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (G.I.); (L.S.)
| | - Doriana Eurosia Angela Tedesco
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (D.E.A.T.)
| | - Gianluca Antonio Romeo
- Directorate General for Animal Health and Veterinary Medicinal Products (DGSAF), Italian Ministry of Health (MOH), Office 4, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144 Roma, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Caprai
- Chemical Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’, Via P. Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.)
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Bellocci M, Leva M, Melai V, Milone S, Romeo GA, Rosato R, Scortichini G, Tammaro G, Diletti G. Rare earths and other elements content in hen eggs sold in Italy: comparison among main types of farming methods and consumer's health risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:97353-97362. [PMID: 37589852 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, in Italy, consumers are choosing hen eggs from farming systems with higher ethical value, due to their perception of a related higher quality and safety. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the existence of differences in elemental content in Italian eggs from organic, barn, and caged hen farming methods and to determine the related potential consumer exposure risk to inorganic contaminants due to the consumption of eggs. One hundred seventy-six egg samples were collected and analyzed using Q-ICP-MS to investigate the content of 14 elements (Pb, As, Hg, Cd, Tl, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Se, Co, Ni, V, and Cr) and 13 rare earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb). The scenarios of exposure to rare earth and other elements from eggs were estimated for three age groups of consumers. The daily intake values were always lower than the respective safety reference values. In conclusion, Italian hen eggs contain low levels of rare earth and other elements, and therefore, their consumption does not represent a risk of exposure. Finally, no significant differences in contaminants between conventional and organic farming methods were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Bellocci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Manuela Leva
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Valeria Melai
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Milone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Antonio Romeo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
- Ministero della Salute - Direzione Generale della Sanità Animale e dei Farmaci Veterinari, Viale Giorgio Ribotta, 5 -, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberta Rosato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giampiero Scortichini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giulio Tammaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Diletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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Formenti N, Guarneri F, Bertasio C, Parisio G, Romeo C, Scali F, Birbes L, Boniotti MB, Diegoli G, Candela L, Romeo GA, Pasquali P, Alborali GL. Wastewater-based surveillance in Italy leading to the first detection of mcr-10-positive Klebsiella quasipneumoniae. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2022; 11:155. [PMID: 36494741 PMCID: PMC9734789 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-022-01194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater-based surveillance enabled the first detection of the mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-10 in Italy. This plasmid-borne resistance gene was found in strains of Klebsiella quasipneumoniae isolated from samples of human raw sewage collected over several months. Although the isolates were phenotypically susceptible to colistin, the emergence of mcr-10 is concerning due to the highly variable expression of the gene and the potential for horizontal transfer to other species. In addition, the strains also carried an extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene and were phenotypically resistant to several beta-lactams. This study highlights the value of wastewater-based surveillance as an effective tool to monitor the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in strains circulating in the community and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Formenti
- grid.419583.20000 0004 1757 1598Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Flavia Guarneri
- grid.419583.20000 0004 1757 1598Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Bertasio
- grid.419583.20000 0004 1757 1598Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Parisio
- grid.419583.20000 0004 1757 1598Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Romeo
- grid.419583.20000 0004 1757 1598Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federico Scali
- grid.419583.20000 0004 1757 1598Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Birbes
- grid.419583.20000 0004 1757 1598Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- grid.419583.20000 0004 1757 1598Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Diegoli
- Regione Emilia Romagna - Settore Prevenzione Collettiva e Sanità Pubblica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Loredana Candela
- grid.415788.70000 0004 1756 9674Ministero della Salute - Direzione Generale della Sanità Animale e dei Farmaci Veterinari, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Antonio Romeo
- grid.415788.70000 0004 1756 9674Ministero della Salute - Direzione Generale della Sanità Animale e dei Farmaci Veterinari, Rome, Italy ,grid.419578.60000 0004 1805 1770Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Paolo Pasquali
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Dipartimento di Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- grid.419583.20000 0004 1757 1598Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Brescia, Italy
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Mazza F, Scali F, Formenti N, Romeo C, Tonni M, Ventura G, Bertocchi L, Lorenzi V, Fusi F, Tolini C, Clemente GF, Guadagno F, Maisano AM, Santucci G, Candela L, Romeo GA, Alborali GL. The Relationship between Animal Welfare and Antimicrobial Use in Italian Dairy Farms. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092575. [PMID: 34573541 PMCID: PMC8471712 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Information regarding the relationship between animal welfare (AW) and antimicrobial use (AMU) in dairy cows is limited. The current study aimed to investigate this relationship on Italian farms and to identify potential targets of AMU reduction. The study was performed at 79 Italian dairy farms housing over 15,000 cows during 2019. AW was scored with an on-farm protocol assessing farm management and staff training, housing systems, and animal-based measures. AMU was estimated using a defined daily dose per kg of animal biomass (DDDAit/biomass) for Italy. The median AW score was 73% (range: 56.6-86.8%). The median AMU was 4.8 DDDAit/biomass (range: 0-11.8). No relationship between the total AMU and AW was found. Management and staff training were positively associated with the use of the European Medicines Agency's category B antimicrobials, which are critical for human medicine, and with intramammary products for dry cow therapy. In those farms, antimicrobial stewardship should aim to reduce the category B antimicrobials and selective dry cow therapy. Our results underline the importance of implementing both an integrated monitoring system (AW, AMU, etc.) and antimicrobial stewardship tailored to the specific needs of each dairy farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’ (I.Z.S.L.E.R.), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.M.); (N.F.); (M.T.); (G.V.); (L.B.); (V.L.); (F.F.); (C.T.); (G.F.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.M.); (G.S.); (G.L.A.)
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per il Benessere Animale (CReNBA), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Federico Scali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’ (I.Z.S.L.E.R.), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.M.); (N.F.); (M.T.); (G.V.); (L.B.); (V.L.); (F.F.); (C.T.); (G.F.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.M.); (G.S.); (G.L.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicoletta Formenti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’ (I.Z.S.L.E.R.), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.M.); (N.F.); (M.T.); (G.V.); (L.B.); (V.L.); (F.F.); (C.T.); (G.F.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.M.); (G.S.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Claudia Romeo
- Department of Food and Drug, Parma University, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Matteo Tonni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’ (I.Z.S.L.E.R.), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.M.); (N.F.); (M.T.); (G.V.); (L.B.); (V.L.); (F.F.); (C.T.); (G.F.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.M.); (G.S.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Giordano Ventura
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’ (I.Z.S.L.E.R.), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.M.); (N.F.); (M.T.); (G.V.); (L.B.); (V.L.); (F.F.); (C.T.); (G.F.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.M.); (G.S.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Luigi Bertocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’ (I.Z.S.L.E.R.), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.M.); (N.F.); (M.T.); (G.V.); (L.B.); (V.L.); (F.F.); (C.T.); (G.F.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.M.); (G.S.); (G.L.A.)
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per il Benessere Animale (CReNBA), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Lorenzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’ (I.Z.S.L.E.R.), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.M.); (N.F.); (M.T.); (G.V.); (L.B.); (V.L.); (F.F.); (C.T.); (G.F.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.M.); (G.S.); (G.L.A.)
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per il Benessere Animale (CReNBA), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Fusi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’ (I.Z.S.L.E.R.), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.M.); (N.F.); (M.T.); (G.V.); (L.B.); (V.L.); (F.F.); (C.T.); (G.F.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.M.); (G.S.); (G.L.A.)
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per il Benessere Animale (CReNBA), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Clara Tolini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’ (I.Z.S.L.E.R.), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.M.); (N.F.); (M.T.); (G.V.); (L.B.); (V.L.); (F.F.); (C.T.); (G.F.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.M.); (G.S.); (G.L.A.)
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per il Benessere Animale (CReNBA), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gian Filippo Clemente
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’ (I.Z.S.L.E.R.), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.M.); (N.F.); (M.T.); (G.V.); (L.B.); (V.L.); (F.F.); (C.T.); (G.F.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.M.); (G.S.); (G.L.A.)
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per il Benessere Animale (CReNBA), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Guadagno
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’ (I.Z.S.L.E.R.), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.M.); (N.F.); (M.T.); (G.V.); (L.B.); (V.L.); (F.F.); (C.T.); (G.F.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.M.); (G.S.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Antonio Marco Maisano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’ (I.Z.S.L.E.R.), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.M.); (N.F.); (M.T.); (G.V.); (L.B.); (V.L.); (F.F.); (C.T.); (G.F.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.M.); (G.S.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Giovanni Santucci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’ (I.Z.S.L.E.R.), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.M.); (N.F.); (M.T.); (G.V.); (L.B.); (V.L.); (F.F.); (C.T.); (G.F.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.M.); (G.S.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Loredana Candela
- Italian Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Gianluca Antonio Romeo
- Italian Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’ (I.Z.S.L.E.R.), Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.M.); (N.F.); (M.T.); (G.V.); (L.B.); (V.L.); (F.F.); (C.T.); (G.F.C.); (F.G.); (A.M.M.); (G.S.); (G.L.A.)
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