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Nairz M, Sahanic S, Pizzini A, Böhm A, Tymoszuk P, Mitterstiller AM, von Raffay L, Grubwieser P, Bellmann-Weiler R, Koppelstätter S, Schroll A, Haschka D, Zimmermann M, Blunder S, Trattnig K, Naschberger H, Klotz W, Theurl I, Petzer V, Gehrer C, Mindur JE, Luger A, Schwabl C, Widmann G, Weiss G, Löffler-Ragg J, Tancevski I, Sonnweber T. Quantity of IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein predicts pulmonary recovery from COVID-19. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3677. [PMID: 35256646 PMCID: PMC8901626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The CovILD study is a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study to systematically follow up patients after coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We extensively evaluated 145 COVID-19 patients at 3 follow-up visits scheduled for 60, 100, and 180 days after initial confirmed diagnosis based on typical symptoms and a positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). We employed comprehensive pulmonary function and laboratory tests, including serum concentrations of IgG against the viral spike (S) glycoprotein, and compared the results to clinical data and chest computed tomography (CT). We found that at the 60 day follow-up, 131 of 145 (90.3%) participants displayed S-specific serum IgG levels above the cut-off threshold. Notably, the highly elevated IgG levels against S glycoprotein positively correlated with biomarkers of immune activation and negatively correlated with pulmonary function and the extent of pulmonary CT abnormalities. Based on the association between serum S glycoprotein-specific IgG and clinical outcome, we generated an S-specific IgG-based recovery score that, when applied in the early convalescent phase, accurately predicted delayed pulmonary recovery after COVID-19. Therefore, we propose that S-specific IgG levels serve as a useful immunological surrogate marker for identifying at-risk individuals with persistent pulmonary injury who may require intensive follow-up care after COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Sabina Sahanic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Pizzini
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Laura von Raffay
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Grubwieser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabine Koppelstätter
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Schroll
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Zimmermann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Silvia Blunder
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kristina Trattnig
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helene Naschberger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Klotz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Gehrer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Anna Luger
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Schwabl
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerlig Widmann
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith Löffler-Ragg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Sonnweber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Fischer C, Volani C, Komlódi T, Seifert M, Demetz E, Valente de Souza L, Auer K, Petzer V, von Raffay L, Moser P, Gnaiger E, Weiss G. Dietary Iron Overload and Hfe-/- Related Hemochromatosis Alter Hepatic Mitochondrial Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111818. [PMID: 34829689 PMCID: PMC8615072 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential co-factor for many cellular metabolic processes, and mitochondria are main sites of utilization. Iron accumulation promotes production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the catalytic activity of iron species. Herein, we investigated the consequences of dietary and genetic iron overload on mitochondrial function. C57BL/6N wildtype and Hfe-/- mice, the latter a genetic hemochromatosis model, received either normal diet (ND) or high iron diet (HI) for two weeks. Liver mitochondrial respiration was measured using high-resolution respirometry along with analysis of expression of specific proteins and ROS production. HI promoted tissue iron accumulation and slightly affected mitochondrial function in wildtype mice. Hepatic mitochondrial function was impaired in Hfe-/- mice on ND and HI. Compared to wildtype mice, Hfe-/- mice on ND showed increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Hfe-/- mice on HI showed very high liver iron levels, decreased mitochondrial respiratory capacity and increased ROS production associated with reduced mitochondrial aconitase activity. Although Hfe-/- resulted in increased mitochondrial iron loading, the concentration of metabolically reactive cytoplasmic iron and mitochondrial density remained unchanged. Our data show multiple effects of dietary and genetic iron loading on mitochondrial function and linked metabolic pathways, providing an explanation for fatigue in iron-overloaded hemochromatosis patients, and suggests iron reduction therapy for improvement of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (C.V.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (L.V.d.S.); (K.A.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.)
| | - Chiara Volani
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (C.V.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (L.V.d.S.); (K.A.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.)
| | - Timea Komlódi
- Oroboros Instruments, Schöpfstrasse 18, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (C.V.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (L.V.d.S.); (K.A.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (C.V.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (L.V.d.S.); (K.A.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.)
| | - Lara Valente de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (C.V.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (L.V.d.S.); (K.A.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kristina Auer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (C.V.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (L.V.d.S.); (K.A.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.)
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (C.V.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (L.V.d.S.); (K.A.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.)
| | - Laura von Raffay
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (C.V.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (L.V.d.S.); (K.A.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.)
| | - Patrizia Moser
- Department of Pathology, Innsbruck University Hospital, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Erich Gnaiger
- Oroboros Instruments, Schöpfstrasse 18, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (C.V.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (L.V.d.S.); (K.A.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-(0)512/504-23251
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Hoffmann A, Haschka D, Valente de Souza L, Tymoszuk P, Seifert M, von Raffay L, Hilbe R, Petzer V, Moser PL, Nairz M, Weiss G. Baseline iron status and presence of anaemia determine the course of systemic Salmonella infection following oral iron supplementation in mice. EBioMedicine 2021; 71:103568. [PMID: 34488018 PMCID: PMC8426537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a major health concern. However, preventive iron supplementation in regions with high burden of infectious diseases resulted in an increase of infection related morbidity and mortality. METHODS We fed male C57BL/6N mice with either an iron deficient or an iron adequate diet. Next, they received oral iron supplementation or placebo followed by intraperitoneal infection with Salmonella Typhimurium (S.Tm). FINDINGS We found that mice with IDA had a poorer clinical outcome than mice on an iron adequate diet. Interestingly, iron supplementation of IDA mice resulted in higher bacterial burden in organs and shortened survival. Increased transferrin saturation and non-transferrin bound iron in the circulation together with low expression of ferroportin facilitated the access of the pathogen to iron and promoted bacterial growth. Anaemia, independent of iron supplementation, was correlated with reduced neutrophil counts and cytotoxic T cells. With iron supplementation, anaemia additionally correlated with increased splenic levels of the cytokine IL-10, which is suggestive for a weakened immune control to S.Tm infection. INTERPRETATION Supplementing iron to anaemic mice worsens the clinical course of bacterial infection. This can be traced back to increased iron delivery to bacteria along with an impaired anti-microbial immune response. Our findings may have important implications for iron supplementation strategies in areas with high endemic burden of infections, putting those individuals, who potentially profit most from iron supplementation for anaemia, at the highest risk for infections. FUNDING Financial support by the Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Lara Valente de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Laura von Raffay
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Patrizia L Moser
- Institute of Pathology, INNPATH, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
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Hoffmann A, de Souza LV, Seifert M, von Raffay L, Haschka D, Grubwieser P, Grander M, Mitterstiller AM, Nairz M, Poli M, Weiss G. Pharmacological Targeting of BMP6-SMAD Mediated Hepcidin Expression Does Not Improve the Outcome of Systemic Infections With Intra-Or Extracellular Gram-Negative Bacteria in Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:705087. [PMID: 34368018 PMCID: PMC8342937 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.705087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepcidin is the systemic master regulator of iron metabolism as it degrades the cellular iron exporter ferroportin. In bacterial infections, hepcidin is upregulated to limit circulating iron for pathogens, thereby increasing iron retention in macrophages. This mechanism withholds iron from extracellular bacteria but could be of disadvantage in infections with intracellular bacteria. We aimed to understand the role of hepcidin in infections with intra- or extracellular bacteria using different hepcidin inhibitors. Methods For the experiments LDN-193189 and oversulfated heparins were used, which interact with the BMP6-SMAD pathway thereby inhibiting hepcidin expression. We infected male C57BL/6N mice with either the intracellular bacterium Salmonella Typhimurium or the extracellular bacterium Escherichia coli and treated these mice with the different hepcidin inhibitors. Results Both inhibitors effectively reduced hepcidin levels in vitro under steady state conditions and upon stimulation with the inflammatory signals interleukin-6 or lipopolysaccharide. The inhibitors also reduced hepcidin levels and increased circulating iron concentration in uninfected mice. However, both compounds failed to decrease liver- and circulating hepcidin levels in infected mice and did not affect ferroportin expression in the spleen or impact on serum iron levels. Accordingly, both BMP-SMAD signaling inhibitors did not influence bacterial numbers in different organs in the course of E.coli or S.Tm sepsis. Conclusion These data indicate that targeting the BMP receptor or the BMP-SMAD pathway is not sufficient to suppress hepcidin expression in the course of infection with both intra- or extracellular bacteria. This suggests that upon pharmacological inhibition of the central SMAD-BMP pathways during infection, other signaling cascades are compensatorily induced to ensure sufficient hepcidin formation and iron restriction to circulating microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lara Valente de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura von Raffay
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Grubwieser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna-Maria Mitterstiller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maura Poli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Brigo N, Pfeifhofer-Obermair C, Tymoszuk P, Demetz E, Engl S, Barros-Pinkelnig M, Dichtl S, Fischer C, Valente De Souza L, Petzer V, von Raffay L, Hilbe R, Berger S, Seifert M, Schleicher U, Bogdan C, Weiss G. Cytokine-Mediated Regulation of ARG1 in Macrophages and Its Impact on the Control of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection. Cells 2021; 10:1823. [PMID: 34359992 PMCID: PMC8307077 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginase 1 (ARG1) is a cytosolic enzyme that cleaves L-arginine, the substrate of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and thereby impairs the control of various intracellular pathogens. Herein, we investigated the role of ARG1 during infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.tm). To study the impact of ARG1 on Salmonella infections in vitro, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from C57BL/6N wild-type, ARG1-deficient Tie2Cre+/-ARG1fl/fl and NRAMPG169 C57BL/6N mice were infected with S.tm. In wild-type BMDM, ARG1 was induced by S.tm and further upregulated by the addition of interleukin (IL)-4, whereas interferon-γ had an inhibitory effect. Deletion of ARG1 did not result in a reduction in bacterial numbers. In vivo, Arg1 mRNA was upregulated in the spleen, but not in the liver of C57BL/6N mice following intraperitoneal S.tm infection. The genetic deletion of ARG1 (Tie2Cre+/-ARG1fl/fl) or its pharmacological inhibition with CB-1158 neither affected the numbers of S.tm in spleen, liver and blood nor the expression of host response genes such as iNOS, IL-6 or tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Furthermore, ARG1 was dispensable for pathogen control irrespective of the presence or absence of the phagolysosomal natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1). Thus, unlike the detrimental function of ARG1 seen during infections with other intraphagosomal microorganisms, ARG1 did not support bacterial survival in systemic salmonellosis, indicating differential roles of arginine metabolism for host immune response and microbe persistence depending on the type of pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Brigo
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Christa Pfeifhofer-Obermair
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Sabine Engl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Marina Barros-Pinkelnig
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Christine Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Lara Valente De Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Laura von Raffay
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Sylvia Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrike Schleicher
- Mikrobiologisches Institut—Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie, und Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Wasserturmstraße 3/5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (U.S.); (C.B.)
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut—Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie, und Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Wasserturmstraße 3/5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (U.S.); (C.B.)
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (N.B.); (C.P.-O.); (P.T.); (E.D.); (S.E.); (M.B.-P.); (S.D.); (C.F.); (L.V.D.S.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.); (R.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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6
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Demetz E, Tymoszuk P, Hilbe R, Volani C, Haschka D, Heim C, Auer K, Lener D, Zeiger LB, Pfeifhofer-Obermair C, Boehm A, Obermair GJ, Ablinger C, Coassin S, Lamina C, Kager J, Petzer V, Asshoff M, Schroll A, Nairz M, Dichtl S, Seifert M, von Raffay L, Fischer C, Barros-Pinkelnig M, Brigo N, Valente de Souza L, Sopper S, Hirsch J, Graber M, Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Holfeld J, Halper J, Macheiner S, Gostner J, Vogel GF, Pechlaner R, Moser P, Imboden M, Marques-Vidal P, Probst-Hensch NM, Meiselbach H, Strauch K, Peters A, Paulweber B, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Kronenberg F, Theurl I, Tancevski I, Weiss G. The haemochromatosis gene Hfe and Kupffer cells control LDL cholesterol homeostasis and impact on atherosclerosis development. Eur Heart J 2020; 41:3949-3959. [PMID: 32227235 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Imbalances of iron metabolism have been linked to the development of atherosclerosis. However, subjects with hereditary haemochromatosis have a lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The aim of our study was to understand the underlying mechanisms by combining data from genome-wide association study analyses in humans, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, and loss-of-function studies in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Our analysis of the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (GLGC) dataset revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the haemochromatosis gene HFE associate with reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in human plasma. The LDL-C lowering effect could be phenocopied in dyslipidaemic ApoE-/- mice lacking Hfe, which translated into reduced atherosclerosis burden. Mechanistically, we identified HFE as a negative regulator of LDL receptor expression in hepatocytes. Moreover, we uncovered liver-resident Kupffer cells (KCs) as central players in cholesterol homeostasis as they were found to acquire and transfer LDL-derived cholesterol to hepatocytes in an Abca1-dependent fashion, which is controlled by iron availability. CONCLUSION Our results disentangle novel regulatory interactions between iron metabolism, KC biology and cholesterol homeostasis which are promising targets for treating dyslipidaemia but also provide a mechanistic explanation for reduced cardiovascular morbidity in subjects with haemochromatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Chiara Volani
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christiane Heim
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kristina Auer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Lener
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lucas B Zeiger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christa Pfeifhofer-Obermair
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerald J Obermair
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Fritz-Pregl-Straße 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Division of Physiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Cornelia Ablinger
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Fritz-Pregl-Straße 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Coassin
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Juliane Kager
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Malte Asshoff
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Schroll
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura von Raffay
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christine Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marina Barros-Pinkelnig
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natascha Brigo
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lara Valente de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sieghart Sopper
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob Hirsch
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Graber
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Can Gollmann-Tepeköylü
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Holfeld
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Halper
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sophie Macheiner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johanna Gostner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/IV, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg F Vogel
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raimund Pechlaner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrizia Moser
- Department of Pathology, Innsbruck University Hospital, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstraße 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Bernoullistraße 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole M Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstraße 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Bernoullistraße 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heike Meiselbach
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 2, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Paulweber
- First Department of Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johann Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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7
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Rocamora-Reverte L, Tuzlak S, von Raffay L, Tisch M, Fiegl H, Drach M, Reichardt HM, Villunger A, Tischner D, Wiegers GJ. Glucocorticoid Receptor-Deficient Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells Fail to Control Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:472. [PMID: 30936873 PMCID: PMC6431616 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the immune system increases systemic adrenal-derived glucocorticoid (GC) levels which downregulate the immune response as part of a negative feedback loop. While CD4+ T cells are essential target cells affected by GC, it is not known whether these hormones exert their major effects on CD4+ helper T cells, CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells), or both. Here, we generated mice with a specific deletion of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in Foxp3+ Treg cells. Remarkably, while basal Treg cell characteristics and in vitro suppression capacity were unchanged, Treg cells lacking the GR did not prevent the induction of inflammatory bowel disease in an in vivo mouse model. Under inflammatory conditions, GR-deficient Treg cells acquired Th1-like characteristics and expressed IFN-gamma, but not IL-17, and failed to inhibit pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cell expansion in situ. These findings reveal that the GR is critical for Foxp3+ Treg cell function and suggest that endogenous GC prevent Treg cell plasticity toward a Th1-like Treg cell phenotype in experimental colitis. When equally active in humans, a rationale is provided to develop GC-mimicking therapeutic strategies which specifically target Foxp3+ Treg cells for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Rocamora-Reverte
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Selma Tuzlak
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura von Raffay
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marcel Tisch
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heidi Fiegl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mathias Drach
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger M Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Denise Tischner
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Jan Wiegers
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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