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Lorah MM, He K, Blaney L, Akob DM, Harris C, Tokranov A, Hopkins Z, Shedd BP. Anaerobic biodegradation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and microbial community composition in soil amended with a dechlorinating culture and chlorinated solvents. Sci Total Environ 2024; 932:172996. [PMID: 38719042 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), one of the most frequently detected per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) occurring in soil, surface water, and groundwater near sites contaminated with aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), has proven to be recalcitrant to many destructive remedies, including chemical oxidation. We investigated the potential to utilize microbially mediated reduction (bioreduction) to degrade PFOS and other PFAS through addition of a known dehalogenating culture, WBC-2, to soil obtained from an AFFF-contaminated site. A substantial decrease in total mass of PFOS (soil and water) was observed in microcosms amended with WBC-2 and chlorinated volatile organic compound (cVOC) co-contaminants - 46.4 ± 11.0 % removal of PFOS over the 45-day experiment. In contrast, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS) concentrations did not decrease in the same microcosms. The low or non-detectable concentrations of potential metabolites in full PFAS analyses, including after application of the total oxidizable precursor assay, indicated that defluorination occurred to non-fluorinated compounds or ultrashort-chain PFAS. Nevertheless, additional research on the metabolites and degradation pathways is needed. Population abundances of known dehalorespirers did not change with PFOS removal during the experiment, making their association with PFOS removal unclear. An increased abundance of sulfate reducers in the genus Desulfosporosinus (Firmicutes) and Sulfurospirillum (Campilobacterota) was observed with PFOS removal, most likely linked to initiation of biodegradation by desulfonation. These results have important implications for development of in situ bioremediation methods for PFAS and advancing knowledge of natural attenuation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Lorah
- U.S. Geological Survey, Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA.
| | - Ke He
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Denise M Akob
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Energy, & Minerals Science Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | - Cassandra Harris
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Energy, & Minerals Science Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | - Andrea Tokranov
- U.S. Geological Survey, New England Water Science Center, Pembroke, NH 03275, USA
| | - Zachary Hopkins
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Brian P Shedd
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. DOD Environmental Programs Branch, Environmental Division, Headquarters, Washington, D.C. 20314, USA
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2
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Vakili M, Cagnetta G, Deng S, Wang W, Gholami Z, Gholami F, Dastyar W, Mojiri A, Blaney L. Regeneration of exhausted adsorbents after PFAS adsorption: A critical review. J Hazard Mater 2024; 471:134429. [PMID: 38691929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The adsorption process efficiently removes per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water, but managing exhausted adsorbents presents notable environmental and economic challenges. Conventional disposal methods, such as incineration, may reintroduce PFAS into the environment. Therefore, advanced regeneration techniques are imperative to prevent leaching during disposal and enhance sustainability and cost-effectiveness. This review critically evaluates thermal and chemical regeneration approaches for PFAS-laden adsorbents, elucidating their operational mechanisms, the influence of water quality parameters, and their inherent advantages and limitations. Thermal regeneration achieves notable desorption efficiencies, reaching up to 99% for activated carbon. However, it requires significant energy input and risks compromising the adsorbent's structural integrity, resulting in considerable mass loss (10-20%). In contrast, chemical regeneration presents a diverse efficiency landscape across different regenerants, including water, acidic/basic, salt, solvent, and multi-component solutions. Multi-component solutions demonstrate superior efficiency (>90%) compared to solvent-based solutions (12.50%), which, in turn, outperform salt (2.34%), acidic/basic (1.17%), and water (0.40%) regenerants. This hierarchical effectiveness underscores the nuanced nature of chemical regeneration, significantly influenced by factors such as regenerant composition, the molecular structure of PFAS, and the presence of organic co-contaminants. Exploring the conditional efficacy of thermal and chemical regeneration methods underscores the imperative of strategic selection based on specific types of PFAS and material properties. By emphasizing the limitations and potential of particular regeneration schemes and advocating for future research directions, such as exploring persulfate activation treatments, this review aims to catalyze the development of more effective regeneration processes. The ultimate goal is to ensure water quality and public health protection through environmentally sound solutions for PFAS remediation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Cagnetta
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Shubo Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, China
| | - Zahra Gholami
- ORLEN UniCRE, a.s, Revoluční 1521/84, 400 01 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Technology, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, Klatovská 51, Plzeň 301 00, Czech Republic
| | - Wafa Dastyar
- Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering Department, McArthur Engineering Building, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
| | - Amin Mojiri
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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Batista-Andrade JA, Welty C, Iglesias Vega D, McClain A, Blaney L. Geospatial Variability of Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter in Urban Watersheds: Relationships with Land Cover and Wastewater Infrastructure. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:7529-7542. [PMID: 38644662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) composition in two watersheds with variable land cover and wastewater infrastructure, including sanitary sewers and septic systems. A four-component parallel factor analysis model was constructed from 295 excitation-emission matrices recorded for stream samples to examine relationships between FDOM and geospatial parameters. The contributions of humic acid- and fulvic acid-like fluorescence components (e.g., C1, C2, C3) were fairly consistent across a 12 month period for the 27 sampling sites. In contrast, the protein-like fluorescence component (C4) and a related ratiometric wastewater indicator (C4/C3) exhibited high variability in urban tributaries, suggesting that some sites were impacted by leaking sewer infrastructure. Principal component analysis indicated that urban areas clustered with impervious surfaces and sanitary sewer density, and cross-covariance analysis identified strong positive correlations between C4, impervious surfaces, and sanitary sewer density at short lag distances. The presence of wastewater was confirmed by detection of sucralose (up to 1,660 ng L-1) and caffeine (up to 1,740 ng L-1). Our findings not only highlight the potential for C4 to serve as an indicator of nearby, compromised sanitary sewer infrastructure, but also suggest that geospatial data can be used to predict areas vulnerable to wastewater contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahir A Batista-Andrade
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Claire Welty
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
- Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Technology Research Center 102, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Diego Iglesias Vega
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Anna McClain
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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Batista-Andrade JA, Iglesias Vega D, McClain A, Blaney L. Using multilinear regressions developed from excitation-emission matrices to estimate the wastewater content in urban streams impacted by sanitary sewer leaks and overflows. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167736. [PMID: 37827315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Failing sewer infrastructure introduces unknown quantities of raw wastewater into urban streams, raising human and ecological health concerns. To address this problem, we developed multilinear regressions that relate fluorescent dissolved organic matter to wastewater content. The models were constructed with the area-normalized regional volumes of excitation-emission matrices measured for mixtures of deionized water, surface water from a wastewater-impacted stream, wastewater from a sanitary sewer adjacent to the stream, and Suwannee River natural organic matter. The best performing multilinear regression had a standard error of 0.55 % wastewater. A matrix-matched calibration was used to internally validate the approach and confirm the wastewater content of select samples. The multilinear model was externally validated through (i) comparison to concentrations of contaminants of emerging concern in surface water and wastewater and (ii) extension to samples from previous campaigns that employed alternative wastewater indicators. Using the validated model, we estimated an average wastewater content of 2.4 ± 4.0 % in 165 samples collected from 14 locations in the Gwynns Falls watershed (USA) between April 2019 and April 2023. The maximum wastewater content was 35 % at a site where sanitary sewer leaks and overflows have been previously documented. The reported approach represents a cost-effective and scalable technique to estimate wastewater content in urban streams through analysis of fluorescent dissolved organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahir A Batista-Andrade
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Diego Iglesias Vega
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Anna McClain
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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Hain E, He K, Batista-Andrade JA, Feerick A, Tarnowski M, Timm A, Blaney L. Geospatial and co-occurrence analysis of antibiotics, hormones, and UV filters in the Chesapeake Bay (USA) to confirm inputs from wastewater treatment plants, septic systems, and animal feeding operations. J Hazard Mater 2023; 460:132405. [PMID: 37651932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported select contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in limited areas of the Chesapeake Bay (USA), but no comprehensive efforts have been conducted. In this work, 43 antibiotics, 9 hormones, 11 UV filters, and sucralose, were measured in matched water, sediment, and oyster samples from 58 sites. The highest sucralose concentration was 3051 ng L-1 in a subwatershed with 4.43 million liters of wastewater effluent per day (MLD) and 4385 septic systems. Although antibiotic occurrence was generally low in subwatersheds located in less populated areas, 102 ng L-1 ciprofloxacin was detected downstream of 0.58 MLD wastewater effluent and 10 animal feeding operations. Hormones were not regularly detected in water (2%) or oysters (37%), but the high detection frequencies in sediment (74%) were associated with septic systems. UV filters were ubiquitously detected in oysters, and octisalate exhibited the highest concentration (423 ng g-1). Oyster-phase oxybenzone and aqueous-phase sucralose concentrations were significantly correlated to wastewater effluent and septic systems, respectively. Toxicity outcomes were predicted for homosalate and octisalate throughout the Bay, and antimicrobial resistance concerns were noted for the Chester River. The geospatial and co-occurrence relationships constitute crucial advances to understanding CEC occurrence in the Chesapeake Bay and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Hain
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Ke He
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Jahir A Batista-Andrade
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Anna Feerick
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Mitchell Tarnowski
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, 580 Taylor Ave, B-2, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA
| | - Anne Timm
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 5523 Research Park Drive, Suite 350, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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6
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Martin P, He K, Blaney L, Hobbs SR. Advanced Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Quantifying Glyphosate, Glufosinate, and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid Using Pre-Column Derivatization. ACS ES T Water 2023; 3:2407-2414. [PMID: 37588809 PMCID: PMC10425981 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.3c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Analytical limitations make it challenging to develop effective methodologies for understanding glyphosate-based herbicide levels in drinking water and groundwater. Due to their lack of chromophores and zwitterionic nature, glyphosate-based herbicides are difficult to detect using traditional methods. This paper offers a straightforward method for quantifying glyphosate, glufosinate, and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) via 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate (FMOC-Cl) pre-column derivatization and analysis by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Method development was focused on optimizing the critical variables for optimal derivatization using a 24-factorial design. We found that complete derivatization significantly depends on the inclusion of borate buffer to create the alkaline conditions necessary for aminolysis. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) addition was critical to minimize metallic chelation and ensure reproducible retention times and peaks. However, EDTA concentrations ≥5% decreased peak intensity due to ion suppression. The FMOC-Cl concentration and derivatization time exhibited a direct proportional relationship, with the complete reaction achieved with 2.5 mM FMOC-Cl after 4 h. Concentrations of FMOC-Cl greater than 2.5 mM led to the formation of oxides, which interfere with the detection sensitivity and selectivity. Desirable results were achieved with 1% EDTA, 5% borate, and 2.5 mM FMOC-Cl, which led to complete derivatization after 4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro
J. Martin
- Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ke He
- Department
of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250-0001, United
States
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department
of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250-0001, United
States
| | - Shakira R. Hobbs
- Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Aning J, Andreou A, Blaney L, Burn P, Oxley J, Mahoney S, Davies SJ, Simmons L, Trent N, Kopcke D, Persad R, Burns-Cox N. Cognitive targeted local anaesthetic transperineal biopsy alone in men with PIRADS/ LIKERT 5 on multiparametric magnetic reasonance imaging of the prostate as an initial diagnostic investigation is safe in men with a PSA density over 0.15. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)00230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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8
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Shashvatt U, Amurrio F, Blaney L. Ligand-Enabled Donnan Dialysis for Phosphorus Recovery from Alum-Laden Waste Activated Sludge. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:13945-13953. [PMID: 36095332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While many nutrient recovery technologies target liquid waste streams, new strategies are required for effective phosphorus recovery from solid waste. This study reports an innovative ligand-enabled Donnan dialysis process to recover orthophosphate (P(V)) from alum-laden waste activated sludge (WAS). Four ligands, namely acetate, citrate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), and oxalate, were evaluated for P(V) release from a synthetic sludge containing 5 mM P(V) and 25 mM Al(III) and a real, alum-laden WAS with similar contents. Citrate and EDTA released more than 95% of P(V) at doses of 30 mM, outperforming acetate and oxalate. The ligand-based solubilization strategy was coupled with Donnan dialysis to recover P(V) into a clean sodium chloride draw solution. After Donnan dialysis with the synthetic sludge, the P(V) recovery's order was as follows: EDTA (54.4%) > citrate (41.7%) > oxalate (4.3%). The P(V) recovery efficiencies were slightly lower for Donnan dialysis with real, alum-laden WAS, namely 45.1% and 25.2% for EDTA and citrate addition, respectively, due to competitive effects exerted by other dissolved species. These promising results successfully demonstrated the proof-of-concept for ligand-enabled Donnan dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Shashvatt
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering Building, Room 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Fabian Amurrio
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering Building, Room 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering Building, Room 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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9
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Rocha-Santos T, Rodrigues DF, Atkinson JD, Lin AYC, Blaney L. Emerging contaminants: JHM current and future trends. J Hazard Mater 2022; 438:129496. [PMID: 35780742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John D Atkinson
- Department of Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering, State University of New York - University at Buffalo, USA.
| | - Angela Yu-Chen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, USA.
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10
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Mangalgiri KP, Ibitoye T, Blaney L. Molar absorption coefficients and acid dissociation constants for fluoroquinolone, sulfonamide, and tetracycline antibiotics of environmental concern. Sci Total Environ 2022; 835:155508. [PMID: 35483465 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are priority contaminants of emerging concern due to their pseudo-persistence in the environment and contribution to the development of antimicrobial resistance. In solution, antibiotics undergo (de)protonation reactions that affect their UV absorbance and, therefore, photolytic fate in natural and engineered systems. This study employed enhanced spectrophotometric methods to determine the acid dissociation constants (as pKa values) and molar absorption coefficients for 12 fluoroquinolone, 9 sulfonamide, and 7 tetracycline antibiotics of environmental relevance. Molar absorption coefficient heatmaps were generated for all 28 antibiotics at 200-500 nm and pH 1.8-12.2. The data in the heatmaps were deconvoluted to calculate pKa values and specific molar absorption coefficients at each wavelength. All antibiotics had at least one pKa value in the environmentally relevant range of 5.5-8.5, and pKa values were reported for methacycline, moxifloxacin, nadifloxacin, rolitetracycline, sulfadoxine, and sulfapyridine for the first time. Deprotonation of the carboxylic acid associated with pKa,1 (5.5-6.7) exerted the strongest effects on the UV absorbance of fluoroquinolones. For tetracyclines, deprotonation of the tertiary amine at pKa,3 (7.8-10.2) was responsible for major shifts in UV absorbance. Although sulfonamides have conserved pKa sites, no general trends were observed for the molar absorption coefficients. The structural similarity of fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines supported the potential for a class-based approach to identifying molar absorbance as a function of pH. Overall, the reported pKa values and specific molar absorption coefficients will serve as important resources for future studies on antibiotic fate in natural and engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiranmayi P Mangalgiri
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States of America; Oklahoma State University, Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, 113 Agricultural Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States of America.
| | - Temitope Ibitoye
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States of America
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States of America
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Priyadarshini M, Das I, Ghangrekar MM, Blaney L. Advanced oxidation processes: Performance, advantages, and scale-up of emerging technologies. J Environ Manage 2022; 316:115295. [PMID: 35597211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are promising technologies for partial or complete mineralization of contaminants of emerging concern by highly reactive hydroxyl, hydroperoxyl, superoxide, and sulphate radicals. Detailed investigations and reviews have been reported for conventional AOP systems that have been installed in full-scale wastewater treatment plants. However, recent efforts have focused on the peroxymonosulphate, persulphate, catalytic ozonation, ultrasonication and hydrodynamic cavitation, gamma radiation, electrochemical oxidation, modified Fenton, and plasma-assisted AOPs. This critical review presents the detailed mechanisms of emerging AOP technologies, their performance for treatment of contaminants of emerging concern, the relative advantages and disadvantages of each technology, and the remaining challenges to scale-up and implementation. Among the evaluated technologies, the modified electrochemical oxidation, gamma radiation, and plasma-assisted systems demonstrated the greatest potential for successful and sustainable implementation in wastewater treatment due to their environmental safety, compatibility, and efficient transformation of contaminants of emerging concern by a variety of reactive species. The other emerging AOP systems were also promising, but additional scale-up trials and a deeper understanding of their reaction kinetics in complex wastewater matrices are necessary to determine the technical and economic feasibility of full-scale processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monali Priyadarshini
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Indrasis Das
- Environmental Engineering Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600020, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Makarand M Ghangrekar
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
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12
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Zhu Y, Ji H, He K, Blaney L, Xu T, Zhao D. Photocatalytic degradation of GenX in water using a new adsorptive photocatalyst. Water Res 2022; 220:118650. [PMID: 35640506 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
GenX, the ammonium salt of hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid, has been used as a replacement for perfluorooctanoic acid. Due to its widespread uses, GenX has been detected in waters around the world amid growing concerns about its persistence and adverse health effects. As relevant regulations are rapidly evolving, new technologies are needed to cost-effectively remove and degrade GenX. In this study, we developed an adsorptive photocatalyst by depositing a small amount (3 wt.%) of bismuth (Bi) onto activated-carbon supported titanate nanotubes, Bi/TNTs@AC, and tested the material for adsorption and subsequent solid-phase photodegradation of GenX. Bi/TNTs@AC at 1 g/L was able to adsorb GenX (100 µg/L, pH 7.0) within 1 h, and then degrade 70.0% and mineralize 42.7% of pre-sorbed GenX under UV (254 nm) in 4 h. The efficient degradation also regenerated the material, allowing for repeated uses without chemical regeneration. Material characterizations revealed that the active components of Bi/TNTs@AC included activated carbon, anatase, and Bi nanoparticles with a metallic Bi core and an amorphous Bi2O3 shell. Electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrometry, and photoluminescence analyses indicated the superior photoactivity of Bi/TNTs@AC was attributed to enhanced light harvesting and generation of charge carriers due to the UV-induced surface plasmon resonance effect, which was enabled by the metallic Bi nanoparticles. •OH radicals and photogenerated holes (h+) were responsible for degradation of GenX. Based on the analysis of degradation byproducts and density functional theory calculations, photocatalytic degradation of GenX started with cleavage of the carboxyl group and/or ether group by •OH, h+, and/or eaq-, and the resulting intermediates were transformed into shorter-chain fluorochemicals following the stepwise defluorination mechanism. Bi/TNTs@AC holds the potential for more cost-effective degradation of GenX and other per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmo Zhu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Haodong Ji
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ke He
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA
| | - Tianyuan Xu
- School of Resource and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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13
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Wang T, He K, Blaney L, Chung JS. 17β-Estradiol (E2) may be involved in the mode of crustacean female sex hormone (CFSH) action in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:962576. [PMID: 35957817 PMCID: PMC9358259 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.962576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2) has been proved to control reproduction, sexual differentiation, and the development of the secondary sexual characteristics of vertebrate females. In decapod crustacean species, crustacean female sex hormone (CFSH), a protein hormone, is required for developing adult-specific ovigerous setae for embryo brooding and gonophores for mating at the blue crab Callinectes sapidus puberty molting. However, it is unclear that whether the mode of CFSH action involves a vertebrate-type sex steroid hormone in crustaceans. To this end, E2 levels were first measured using a competitive ELISA in the hemolymph and the potential CFSH target tissues from both prepuberty and adult females; the presence of E2 was further confirmed with a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Then, the cDNAs of the following genes known to be associated with vertebrate steroidogenic pathways were isolated: StAR-related lipid transfer protein 3 (StAR3); 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD); two isoforms of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 8 (17βHSD8); and, estradiol-related receptor (ERR). RT-PCR analysis revealed that these genes were widely distributed in the eyestalk ganglia, hepatopancreas, brain, ovary, spermathecae, ovigerous and plumose setae tissues of adult females. The 17βHSD8 transcripts were localized in the follicle cells, the periphery of the nuclear membrane of primary oocytes, and yolk granules of the vitellogenic oocytes using in situ hybridization, and the corresponding protein was detected in the follicle cells and ooplasm of primary oocytes using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the adult females injected with CFSH-dsRNA (n = 30 times) had E2 and StAR3 transcripts levels lower in the ovigerous and plumose setae, spermathecae than controls. These results suggested that the mode of CFSH action in C. sapidus might involve E2 in these adult-female-specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology & Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ke He
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - J. Sook Chung
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: J. Sook Chung,
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14
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Wang T, Zhong M, Lu M, Xu D, Xue Y, Huang J, Blaney L, Yu G. Occurrence, spatiotemporal distribution, and risk assessment of current-use pesticides in surface water: A case study near Taihu Lake, China. Sci Total Environ 2021; 782:146826. [PMID: 33839661 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study involved the monitoring and risk assessment of current-use pesticides in surface water from the northwestern section of the Taihu Lake Basin (China) in 2019. In particular, 114 current-use pesticides were measured in samples collected during four campaigns spread across the wet, dry, and normal seasons. Pesticide concentrations were measured by means of a novel analytical method involving online solid-phase extraction coupled to LC-MS/MS. In total, 1 plant growth regulator, 34 herbicides, 23 insecticides, and 25 fungicides were detected. Detection frequencies greater than 90% were recorded for 26 pesticides; furthermore, acetamiprid, azoxystrobin, bentazone, carbendazim, isoprothiolane, metolachlor, paclobutrazol, and triadimenol were present in every sample. The measured pesticide concentrations varied widely, from below the detection limit to 10,600 ng/L (tricyclazole). The highest median concentrations for the fungicide, herbicide, and insecticide families were observed for carbendazim (135 ng/L), metolachlor (40 ng/L), and imidacloprid (31 ng/L), respectively. Twenty-two pesticides were quantitatively reported in Chinese surface water for the first time. The number and concentration of detected pesticides were significantly higher in June and September (wet season) compared to March and December (dry season). Agricultural areas of the study area were more contaminated than the residential and industrial sections. Imidacloprid was the only pesticide that exhibited high risk to sensitive ecological species (RQmedian > 1) in all four seasons. Isoproturon, isoprothiolane, and pretilachlor were identified as high risk in March (RQmedian = 4.5), September (1.3), and June (1.1), respectively; moreover, another eight pesticides posed a high ecological risk at specific sites. Seven pesticides recorded moderate risks (i.e., RQmedian = 0.1-1.0). Of the 18 pesticides with cases of high risk, a novel risk index, which accounted for frequency of PNEC exceedance, ranged from 6.7 (imidacloprid) to 7.1 × 10-5 (propiconazole). The integrated consideration of ecological risk and frequency of risk inform priorities for regional pesticide management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tielong Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhong
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Meiling Lu
- Agilent Technologies (China) Co. Limited, China
| | - Dongjiong Xu
- Changzhou Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Yingang Xue
- Changzhou Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Changzhou 213001, China; School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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15
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Hain E, Adejumo H, Anger B, Orenstein J, Blaney L. Advances in antimicrobial activity analysis of fluoroquinolone, macrolide, sulfonamide, and tetracycline antibiotics for environmental applications through improved bacteria selection. J Hazard Mater 2021; 415:125686. [PMID: 34088184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics has led to their ubiquitous presence in water and wastewater and raised concerns about antimicrobial resistance. Clinical antibiotic susceptibility assays have been repurposed to measure removal of antimicrobial activity during water and wastewater treatment processes. The corresponding protocols have mainly employed growth inhibition of Escherichia coli. The present work focused on optimizing bacteria selection to improve the sensitivity of residual antimicrobial activity measurements by broth microdilution assays. Thirteen antibiotics from four classes (i.e., fluoroquinolones, macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines) were investigated against three gram-negative organisms, namely E. coli, Mycoplasma microti, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) were calculated for each antibiotic-bacteria pair. P. fluorescens produces a fluorescent siderophore, pyoverdine, that was used to assess sublethal effects and further enhance the sensitivity of antimicrobial activity measurements. The optimal antibiotic-bacteria pairs were as follows: fluoroquinolone-E. coli (growth inhibition); macrolide- and sulfonamide-M. microti (growth inhibition); and, tetracycline-P. fluorescens (pyoverdine inhibition). Compared to E. coli growth inhibition, the sensitivity of antimicrobial activity analysis was improved by up to 728, 19, and 2.7 times for macrolides (tylosin), sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole), and tetracyclines (chlortetracycline), facilitating application of these bioassays at environmentally-relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Hain
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Hollie Adejumo
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; University of Michigan, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2350 Hayward Street, 2105 GG Brown Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA
| | - Bridget Anger
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Joseph Orenstein
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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16
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Wang T, Zhong M, Lu M, Huang J, Blaney L, Yu G. Development of a high-throughput multi-residue method for analysis of common pesticides in aquatic environments by automated online solid phase extraction coupled with LC-MS/MS. Anal Methods 2021; 13:3160-3171. [PMID: 34164633 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00157d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes the development of a fully automated method based on online solid phase extraction (SPE)-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous analysis of multiple classes of pesticides or metabolites in drinking water (DW), surface water (SW), and wastewater effluents (WWEs). The target list covers 111 pesticides or metabolites of various properties and families. LC-MS/MS and online SPE parameters were optimized with regard to the sorbent type, mobile phase composition, wash volume, and flowrate as well as the injection volume. The method showed good linearity in two concentration ranges with 97% and 94% of the coefficients (R2) being higher than 0.99 in the low concentration range (0.1-100 ng L-1) and high concentration range (100-2500 ng L-1), respectively. High sensitivity was observed with method quantification limits (MQLs) of 0.03-5.3 ng L-1, 0.06-17 ng L-1, and 0.08-21 ng L-1, for DW, SW, and WWE, respectively. The recoveries showed an accuracy of 94%, 91%, and 91% in the range of 70-130% for three matrices with satisfactory precision. The overall analysis time per sample was 30 min with minimum pretreatment. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, 64 pesticides were identified by the high throughput online SPE-based method. The optimized method was used for WWE sample analysis, and 49 pesticides were detected in 12 WWE samples from an economically active city in China. Five pesticides were detected in all the samples, i.e. paclobutrazol, atrazine, diuron, acetamiprid, and triadimenol, and the highest median concentration was observed for carbendazim (324 ng L-1). The advantages of the proposed method over offline ones make it have broad prospects in high throughput and reliable analysis of pesticides in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tielong Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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17
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Zhao W, Yu G, Blaney L, Wang B. Development of emission factors to estimate discharge of typical pharmaceuticals and personal care products from wastewater treatment plants. Sci Total Environ 2021; 769:144556. [PMID: 33485210 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the potential ecological and human health risks, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are considered as contaminants of emerging concern. PPCPs can be discharged to the aquatic environment from various sources, including municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), animal feeding operations, hospitals, and pharmaceutical manufacturers. A major challenge to regional characterization of ecological and human health risks is identification of the environmental emissions of PPCPs. This study established a facile approach for calculation of PPCP emission factors from raw wastewater and wastewater effluent. Using reported concentrations from WWTPs, nine PPCPs, namely carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, ofloxacin, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim, were identified as priority contaminants based on environmental significance (i.e., high detection frequency and potential ecological risk) and data availability. Emission factors were calculated for the nine PPCPs in raw wastewater, secondary effluent, and tertiary effluent for low, medium and high emission scenarios according to the concentration distributions of these nine PPCPs. The emission factors were used to estimate the mass of the PPCPs discharged from the nine provinces and two municipalities of the Yangtze River valley. The total mass of the nine PPCPs emitted into the watershed was estimated as 3867 kg, 8808 kg and 21,464 kg for low, medium and high emission scenarios respectively in 2018. Although uncertainty is inevitable in the emission factors, the reported approach provides a viable alternative to top-down and multimedia fugacity estimation strategies that require an abundance of sewershed-, WWTP-, and compound-specific information that is difficult to collect in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Building 16, 101 Business Park, No, 158 Jinfeng Road, New District, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Building 16, 101 Business Park, No, 158 Jinfeng Road, New District, Suzhou 215163, China.
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18
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He K, Hain E, Timm A, Blaney L. Bioaccumulation of estrogenic hormones and UV-filters in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Sci Total Environ 2021; 764:142871. [PMID: 33268253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic hormones and organic ultraviolet-filters (UV-filters) have attracted increased attention as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) due to their potent estrogenicity and widespread occurrence in the environment. This study investigated the accumulation of three estrogenic hormones and five UV-filters in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Exposure experiments were conducted for 42 days with a mixture of EDCs at two environmentally-relevant design concentrations (i.e., 500 and 5000 ng L-1). The aqueous-phase EDC concentrations decreased over time and were re-established every two days. Within 14 days of exposure, the five UV-filters were measured at 2.2 to 265 ng g-1 (dry weight) in crayfish tail tissue. Only one estrogenic hormone, 17β-estradiol, was detected in the crayfish at 10.4-13.5 ng g-1. No apparent changes were observed for EDC concentrations in the tail tissue over the next four weeks of exposure. The apparent bioaccumulation factors for the EDCs ranged from 23 L (kg tail tissue, dry weight)-1 for 4-methylbenzylidene camphor to 1050 L (kg tail tissue, dry weight)-1 for 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate. EDC input was stopped after 42 days, and the more hydrophobic UV-filters (i.e., octocrylene, 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate, homosalate) were found to be persistent throughout a 14-d elimination period. A lyticase-assisted yeast estrogen screen demonstrated that the residual estrogenic activity of water samples aligned with (or was lower than) predictions from targeted chemical analysis. These results suggest that the transformation products did not contribute significant estrogenicity, although further analysis of endocrine disruption outcomes in crayfish is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke He
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Ethan Hain
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Anne Timm
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 5523 Research Park Drive, Suite 350, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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19
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Li F, Wei Z, He K, Blaney L, Cheng X, Xu T, Liu W, Zhao D. A concentrate-and-destroy technique for degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid in water using a new adsorptive photocatalyst. Water Res 2020; 185:116219. [PMID: 32731078 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have emerged as a major concern in aquatic systems worldwide due to their widespread applications and health concerns. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is one of the most-detected PFAS. Yet, a cost-effective technology has been lacking for the degradation of PFAS due to their resistance to conventional treatment processes. To address this challenge, we prepared a novel adsorptive photocatalyst, referred to Fe/TNTs@AC, based on low-cost commercial activated carbon (AC) and TiO2. The composite material exhibited synergistic adsorption and photocatalytic activity and enabled a novel "concentrate-&-destroy" strategy for rapid and complete degradation of PFOA in water. Fe/TNTs@AC was able to adsorb PFOA within a few minutes, thereby effectively concentrating the target contaminant on the photoactive sites. Subsequently, Fe/TNTs@AC was able to degrade >90% of PFOA that was preconcentrated on the solid in 4 h under UV irradiation (254 nm, 21 mW cm‒2), of which 62% was completely mineralized to F-. The efficient photodegradation also regenerated Fe/TNTs@AC, eliminating the need for expensive chemical regenerants, and after six cycles of adsorption/photodegradation, the material showed no significant drop in adsorption capacity or photocatalytic activity. Simulations based on the density functional theory (DFT) revealed that Fe/TNTs@AC adsorbs PFOA in the side-on parallel mode, facilitating the subsequent photocatalytic degradation of PFOA. According to the DFT analysis, scavenger tests, and analysis of degradation intermediates, PFOA decomposition is initiated by direct hole oxidation, which activates the molecule and leads to a series of decarboxylation, C-F bond cleavage, and chain shortening reactions. The innovative "concentrate-&-destroy" strategy may significantly advance conventional adsorption or photochemical treatment of PFAS-contaminated water and holds the potential to degrade PFOA, and potentially other PFAS, more cost-effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Zongsu Wei
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Ke He
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, MD 21250, United States
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, MD 21250, United States
| | - Xinquan Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Tianyuan Xu
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Wen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; The Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (BIC-ESAT), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
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20
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Modiri Gharehveran M, Hain E, Blaney L, Shah AD. Influence of dissolved organic matter on carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide formation from cysteine during sunlight photolysis. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2020; 22:1852-1864. [PMID: 32966465 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00219d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS2) are important atmospheric gases that are formed from organic sulfur precursors present in natural waters when exposed to sunlight. However, it remains unclear how specific water constituents, such as dissolved organic matter (DOM), affect COS and CS2 formation. To better understand the role of DOM, irradiation experiments were conducted in O2-free synthetic waters containing four different DOM isolates, acquired from freshwater to open ocean sources, and the sulfur-based amino acid, cysteine (CYS). CYS is a known natural precursor of COS and CS2. Results indicated that COS formation did not vary strongly with DOM type, although small impacts were observed on the kinetic patterns. COS formation also increased with increasing CYS concentration but decreased with increasing DOM concentration. Quenching experiments indicated that ˙OH was not involved in the rate-limiting step of COS formation, whereas excited triplet states of DOM (3CDOM*) were plausibly involved, although the quenching agents used to remove 3CDOM* may have reacted with the CYS-derived intermediates as well. CS2 was not formed under any of the experimental conditions. Overall, DOM-containing synthetic waters had a limited to no effect towards forming COS and CS2, especially when compared to the higher concentrations formed in sunlit natural waters, as examined previously. The reasons behind this limited effect need to be explored further but may be due to the additional water quality constituents present in these natural waters. The findings of this study imply that multiple variables beyond DOM govern COS and CS2 photoproduction when moving from freshwaters to open ocean waters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ethan Hain
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amisha D Shah
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. and Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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21
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Hopanna M, Kelly L, Blaney L. Photochemistry of the Organoselenium Compound Ebselen: Direct Photolysis and Reaction with Active Intermediates of Conventional Reactive Species Sensitizers and Quenchers. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:11271-11281. [PMID: 32803943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ebselen (EBS), 2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one, is an organoselenium pharmaceutical with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, EBS is an excellent scavenger of reactive oxygen species. This property complicates conventional protocols for sensitizing and quenching reactive species because of potential generation of active intermediates that quickly react with EBS. In this study, the photochemical reactivity of EBS was investigated in the presence of (1) 1O2 and •OH sensitizers [rose Bengal (RB), perinaphthanone, and H2O2] and (2) reactive species scavenging and quenching agents (sorbic acid, isopropanol, sodium azide, and tert-butanol) that are commonly employed to study photodegradation mechanisms and kinetics. The carbon analogue of EBS, namely, 2-phenyl-3H-isoindol-1-one, was included as a reference compound to confirm the impact of the selenium atom on EBS photochemical reactivity. EBS does not undergo acid dissociation, but pH-dependent kinetics were observed in RB-sensitized solutions, suggesting EBS reaction with active intermediates (3RB2-*, O2•-, and H2O2) that are not kinetically relevant for other compounds. In addition, the observed rate constant of EBS increased in the presence of sorbic acid, isopropanol, and sodium azide. These findings suggest that conventional reactive species sensitizers, scavengers, and quenchers need to be carefully applied to highly reactive organoselenium compounds to account for reactions that are typically slow for other organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Hopanna
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering Building 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250 United States
| | - Lisa Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250 United States
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering Building 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250 United States
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22
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Zhang Y, Duan L, Wang B, Liu CS, Jia Y, Zhai N, Blaney L, Yu G. Efficient multiresidue determination method for 168 pharmaceuticals and metabolites: Optimization and application to raw wastewater, wastewater effluent, and surface water in Beijing, China. Environ Pollut 2020; 261:114113. [PMID: 32044613 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
New analytical methods are needed to efficiently measure the growing list of priority pharmaceuticals in environmental samples. In this regard, a rapid, sensitive, and robust method was developed for quantitation of 168 pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical metabolites using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The extraction protocol and instrumental efficiency were specifically addressed to increase analytical workload and throughput. The optimized protocols, which are five times more efficient than US EPA Method 1694, enabled analyte recoveries that ranged from 77% to 117% for 162 analytes with method quantitation limits (MQLs) as low as 0.1 ng L-1. To verify the suitability of the improved analytical method for environmental samples, 24-h composite samples of raw wastewater and wastewater effluent, along with downstream surface water, were analyzed. Overall, 143/168 target compounds were identified in at least one of the samples, and 130/168 analytes were present at concentrations above their MQLs. The total mass concentration of the measured analytes decreased by 93% during wastewater treatment. The analyte concentrations in the wastewater effluent were comparable to those measured in surface water 1 km downstream of the wastewater discharge point. Ultimately, the comprehensive method will serve as an important tool to inform the occurrence, fate, transport, and toxicity of a large suite of priority pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical metabolites in natural and engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Lei Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou, 215163, China.
| | - Cristina Su Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanbo Jia
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd Beijing Branch Company, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Nannan Zhai
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd Beijing Branch Company, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Lee Blaney
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, United States
| | - Gang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou, 215163, China
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Zhong M, Wang T, Qi C, Peng G, Lu M, Huang J, Blaney L, Yu G. Automated online solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry investigation for simultaneous quantification of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and organophosphorus flame retardants in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1602:350-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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24
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Mitchelmore CL, He K, Gonsior M, Hain E, Heyes A, Clark C, Younger R, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Feerick A, Conway A, Blaney L. Occurrence and distribution of UV-filters and other anthropogenic contaminants in coastal surface water, sediment, and coral tissue from Hawaii. Sci Total Environ 2019; 670:398-410. [PMID: 30904653 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of UV-filters in the environment has raised concerns over potentially adverse impacts on corals. In this study, the concentrations of 13 UV-filters and 11 hormones were measured in surface seawater, sediment, and coral tissue from 19 sites in Oahu, Hawaii. At least eight UV-filters were detected in seawater, sediment, and coral tissue and total mass concentrations of all UV-filters were <750 ng L-1, <70 ng g-1 dry weight (dw), and <995 ng g-1 dw, respectively. Four UV-filters were detected in water, sediment, and coral tissue at detection frequencies of 63-100%, 56-91%, and 82-100%, respectively. These UV-filter concentrations generally varied as follows: water, homosalate (HMS) > octisalate (OS) > benzophenone-3 (BP-3, also known as oxybenzone) > octocrylene (OC); sediment, HMS > OS > OC > BP-3; coral, OS ≈ HMS > OC ≈ BP-3. BP-3 concentrations in surface seawater were <10 ng L-1 at 12 of 19 sites and highest at Waikiki beach (e.g., 10.9-136 ng L-1). While BP-3 levels were minimal in sediment (e.g., <1 ng g-1 dw at 18 of 19 sites), and ranged from 6.6 to 241 ng g-1 dw in coral tissue. No quantifiable levels of 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate (also known as octinoxate) were recorded in surface seawater or coral tissues, but 5-12.7 ng g-1 dw was measured for sediment at 5 of 19 sites. No hormones were detected in seawater or sediment, but 17α-ethinylestradiol was present in three corals from Kaneohe Bay. Surfactant degradation products were present in seawater, especially at Waikiki beach. These results demonstrate ubiquitous parts-per-trillion concentrations of UV-filters in surface seawater and is the first report of UV-filters in coral tissue from U.S.A. coastal waters. These data inform the range of environmentally-relevant concentrations for future risk assessments on the potential impacts of UV-filters on coral reefs in Oahu, Hawaii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carys L Mitchelmore
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, USA.
| | - Ke He
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Baltimore, 660 West Redwood Street, Howard Hall 103, MD 21021, USA
| | - Michael Gonsior
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, USA
| | - Ethan Hain
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Andrew Heyes
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, USA
| | - Cheryl Clark
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, USA
| | | | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environment Health, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany; Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan D-85354, Germany
| | - Anna Feerick
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Annaleise Conway
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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25
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Jepsen R, He K, Blaney L, Swan C. Effects of antimicrobial exposure on detrital biofilm metabolism in urban and rural stream environments. Sci Total Environ 2019; 666:1151-1160. [PMID: 30970480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of antimicrobials and other pharmaceuticals in streams is increasingly being reported, yet the impacts of these contaminants of emerging concern on aquatic ecosystems are relatively unknown. Bacteria and fungi are vital components of stream environments and, therefore, exposure to antimicrobials may have important consequences for ecosystem services, such as carbon cycling. The objective of this study was to investigate how two antimicrobials, ciprofloxacin and climbazole, impact detrital biofilm metabolism in urban and rural streams. To establish baseline conditions, the biological oxygen demand (BOD) of red maple (Acer rubrum) biofilms was measured in one urban and one rural stream. In mesocosm studies, the BOD of biofilms on single- and mixed-species leaf litter from the same sites was measured after exposure to 10 μg/L of the antimicrobials, both in combination and individually. The presence of ciprofloxacin and climbazole did not affect BOD compared to the controls at the urban site, although significant differences were identified for select treatments at the rural site. In addition, the BOD of mixed-leaf biofilms was not significantly different from that of single species litter after exposure. Overall, exposure to 10 μg/L of the antimicrobials did not significantly impact community-level carbon processing by the leaf biofilms, and leaf mixtures did not result in increased biofilm BOD compared to single species leaves. The outcomes of this work demonstrate a need for further research for the understanding the effects of antimicrobials on rural streams to prevent unintended consequences to ecological processes and biota from future development, leaking septic systems, and wastewater spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Jepsen
- Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Ke He
- University of Maryland, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Christopher Swan
- Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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26
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Aihemaiti A, Jiang J, Blaney L, Zou Q, Gao Y, Meng Y, Yang M, Xu Y. The detoxification effect of liquid digestate on vanadium toxicity to seed germination and seedling growth of dog's tail grass. J Hazard Mater 2019; 369:456-464. [PMID: 30784976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Dog's tail grass (Setaria viridis) presented strong tolerance and high accumulation of vanadium in field conditions. Liquid digestate containing high levels of nutrients could alleviate vanadium toxicity and accelerate the growth of dog's tail grass. To elucidate the detoxification potential and mechanism of liquid digestate, dog's tail grass was grown in soil solution containing 0.14-55.8 mg L-1 of vanadium. Parameters including germination index (GI), tolerance index (TI), seedlings' fresh weight, seedlings' vanadium accumulation, antioxidant enzymes activity, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, and V5+ species, were measured after addition of 1%, 5%, 10% and 15% liquid digestate. The results showed that a vanadium level of 10.9 mg L-1was a threshold value for toxicity; furthermore, the GI and TI decreased by 50% when vanadium content reached 36.8 mg L-1. The MDA content was reduced, and the other parameters were markedly enhanced, after addition of 5% and 10% liquid digestate with vanadium levels above 36.8 mg L-1. V5+ species was the dominant vanadium species in solution and the addition of liquid digestate reduced V5+ concentrations. The detoxification of vanadium by liquid digestate was a combined effect of direct reduction of V5+ species and plant nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianguo Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and environmental engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 21250, USA
| | - Quan Zou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Meng Yang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiwen Xu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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27
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Zhang Y, Duan L, Wang B, Du Y, Cagnetta G, Huang J, Blaney L, Yu G. Wastewater-based epidemiology in Beijing, China: Prevalence of antibiotic use in flu season and association of pharmaceuticals and personal care products with socioeconomic characteristics. Environ Int 2019; 125:152-160. [PMID: 30716575 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology is an emerging field that has mostly been applied to investigate consumption of illicit drugs. In this study, the wastewater-based epidemiology approach was employed to study consumption of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and measure their prevalence of use in eight densely populated, urban areas of Beijing, China. Ammonium loads were used to estimate the population equivalents of each sewershed. These estimates were applied to calculate population-normalized antibiotic consumption and prevalence of use during flu season, when antibiotics are frequently misused as a medical treatment. Results indicated that 21.9 g d-1 (104 people)-1 of ten popular antibiotics were consumed across the eight sewersheds, indicating that 1.98‰ of the 12.5 million population equivalents used these antibiotics during the sampling period. A comparison of these results to calculations made using previously reported data from 2013 suggest that recent Chinese antibiotic control policies have been effective. Uncertainty analyses were conducted to identify the 95% confidence range for antibiotic prevalence of use as 1.44-3.61‰. Human excretion factors were identified as the most sensitive variable. The wastewater-based epidemiology methods were also applied to a wider range of PPCPs, and the results indicated positive relationships between consumption and socioeconomic factors, such as housing price and population density. Overall, this work provides important public health information on antibiotic use and elucidates relationships between PPCP consumption and socioeconomic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Lei Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou 215163, China.
| | - Yulin Du
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Giovanni Cagnetta
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lee Blaney
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States
| | - Gang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou 215163, China
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28
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Blaney L, Lawler DF, Katz LE. Transformation kinetics of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide by ozone and hydroxyl radicals using continuous oxidant addition reactors. J Hazard Mater 2019; 364:752-761. [PMID: 30428451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The detection of pharmaceuticals in water and wastewater has triggered human and ecological health concerns. As highly toxic compounds, chemotherapy agents (CAs), such as the cyclophosphamide (CYP) and ifosfamide (IFO) structural isomers, represent a unique threat. This research elucidated the fate of CYP and IFO during ozonation and advanced oxidation by hydroxyl radicals (HO•). Novel semi-batch reactors were used to determine the second-order rate constants for CYP and IFO with O3 and HO•. These reactors provided independent control of the oxidant exposure through continuous and constant aqueous ozone and peroxone (O3-H2O2) addition. The rate constants for transformation of CYP and IFO by ozone were 2.58 ± 0.40 M-1s-1 and 6.95 ± 0.21 M-1s-1, respectively, indicating that ozone alone is not suitable for treating CAs. Transformation of CYP and IFO by hydroxyl radicals was fast, with rate constants of 2.69(±0.17)×109 M-1s-1 and 2.73(±0.16)×109 M-1s-1, respectively. The major transformation products formed by O3 and HO attack consisted of the 4-hydroxy-, 4-keto-, dechloroethyl-, and imino- derivatives of CYP and IFO. Low yields of the active metabolites of the CAs, namely phosphoramide mustard and isophosphoramide mustard, were detected. These findings suggest that treated water may retain the ability to alkylate DNA and confer toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD, 21250-0002, USA.
| | - Desmond F Lawler
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Program, 301 East Dean Keeton Street, Stop C1786, Austin, TX, 78712-1173, USA
| | - Lynn E Katz
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Program, 301 East Dean Keeton Street, Stop C1786, Austin, TX, 78712-1173, USA
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29
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He K, Hain E, Timm A, Tarnowski M, Blaney L. Occurrence of antibiotics, estrogenic hormones, and UV-filters in water, sediment, and oyster tissue from the Chesapeake Bay. Sci Total Environ 2019; 650:3101-3109. [PMID: 30373087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in the environment has raised critical questions on ecological and human health, but few efforts have focused on the Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the United States. Here, 43 antibiotics, 3 estrogenic hormones, and 5 ultraviolet-filters (UV-filters), which are active ingredients in a variety of personal care products, were measured in water, sediment, and oyster tissue from 14 sites along the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland. Fluoroquinolone, macrolide, and sulfonamide antibiotics were detected in water samples. As both human- and animal-labeled antibiotics were found, wastewater effluent and agricultural runoff were identified as potential sources. The highest aqueous-phase concentrations were recorded for norfloxacin (94.1 ng/L), enrofloxacin (17.8 ng/L), sulfamethoxazole (14.8 ng/L), and clarithromycin (9.7 ng/L). Estrone and four UV-filters, namely 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate, benzophenone-3, homosalate, and octocrylene, were frequently detected in Chesapeake Bay water (93-100%), sediment (100%), and oyster tissue (79-100%). High sediment-phase concentrations of estrone (58.4 ng/g) and 17β-estradiol (11.5 ng/g) were detected at the mouth of the Manokin River. Homosalate and benzophenone-3 were present at concentrations as high as 187.9 and 113.7 ng/L in water, 74.2 and 10.8 ng/g in sediment, and 158.3 and 118.0 ng/g in oyster tissue, respectively. These results demonstrate the ubiquitous presence of CECs in the Chesapeake Bay, confirm UV-filter bioaccumulation in oysters, and suggest the need for improved CEC removal during municipal wastewater treatment and agricultural waste management within the Chesapeake Bay watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke He
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, 660 West Redwood Street, Howard Hall 103, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Ethan Hain
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Anne Timm
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 5523 Research Park Drive, Suite 350, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
| | - Mitchell Tarnowski
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, 580 Taylor Ave, B-2, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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30
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Chen P, Blaney L, Cagnetta G, Huang J, Wang B, Wang Y, Deng S, Yu G. Degradation of Ofloxacin by Perylene Diimide Supramolecular Nanofiber Sunlight-Driven Photocatalysis. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:1564-1575. [PMID: 30604606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a promising sunlight-driven photocatalyst for the treatment of ofloxacin and other fluoroquinolone antibiotics in water and wastewater. Perylene diimide (PDI) supramolecular nanofibers, which absorb a broad spectrum of sunlight, were prepared via a facile acidification polymerization protocol. Under natural sunlight, the PDI photocatalysts achieved rapid treatment of fluoroquinolone antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin. The fastest degradation was observed for ofloxacin, which had a half-life of 2.08 min for the investigated conditions. Various light sources emitting in the UV-vis spectrum were tested, and blue light was found to exhibit the fastest ofloxacin transformation kinetics due to the strong absorption by the PDI catalyst. Reactive species, namely, h+, 1O2, and O2•-, comprised the primary photocatalytic mechanisms for ofloxacin degradation. Frontier electron density calculations and mass spectrometry were used to verify the major degradation pathways of ofloxacin by the PDI-sunlight photocatalytic system and identify the transformation products of ofloxacin, respectively. Degradation mainly occurred through demethylation at the piperazine ring, ketone formation at the morpholine moiety, and aldehyde reaction at the piperazinyl group. An overall mechanism was proposed for ofloxacin degradation in the PDI-sunlight photocatalytic system, and the effects of water quality constituents were examined to determine performance in real water/wastewater systems. Ultimately, the aggregate results from this study highlight the suitability of the PDI-sunlight photocatalytic system to treat antibiotics in real water and wastewater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Lee Blaney
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering , University of Maryland Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314 , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 , United States
| | - Giovanni Cagnetta
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yujue Wang
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Shubo Deng
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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31
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Barbosa MO, Ribeiro AR, Ratola N, Hain E, Homem V, Pereira MFR, Blaney L, Silva AMT. Spatial and seasonal occurrence of micropollutants in four Portuguese rivers and a case study for fluorescence excitation-emission matrices. Sci Total Environ 2018; 644:1128-1140. [PMID: 30743826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The European Union (EU) has recommended the monitoring of specific priority substances (PSs, Directive 2013/39) and some contaminants of emerging concern (CECs, Decision 2015/495) in surface waterbodies. The present study provides spatial distributions and temporal variations of a wide range of multi-class PSs and CECs in four stressed rivers in Portugal (Ave, Leça, Antuã, and Cértima). Thirteen micropollutants were found in all four rivers, including the priority pesticide isoproturon (up to 92 ng L-1), various pharmaceuticals (up to 396 ng L-1), and the UV-filter 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC, up to 562 ng L-1) identified in Decision 2015/495. The industrial priority compound perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) was found in three rivers (Antuã, Cértima, and Leça) below the method quantification limit, together with four pharmaceuticals not included in these EU guidelines. The already banned priority pesticide atrazine was detected in Ave, Antuã, and Leça (up to 41 ng L-1) and simazine in Cértima and Leça (up to 26 ng L-1). Acetamiprid and imidacloprid (included in Decision 2015/495) were only detected during the dry season in the Ave. Leça river was selected as a waterbody case study for assessment of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs). These results matched the spatial distribution trend of micropollutants along the river, with stronger fluorescence response and higher concentrations being found downstream of industrial areas and urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Moreover, the fluorescence signature of surface water collected downstream of an urban WWTP aligned very well with that obtained for the respective WWTP effluent. Thus, actions are needed to preserve a good environmental status of these stressed European waterbodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta O Barbosa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Ratola
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ethan Hain
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Vera Homem
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Fernando R Pereira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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32
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Shashvatt U, Benoit J, Aris H, Blaney L. CO 2-assisted phosphorus extraction from poultry litter and selective recovery of struvite and potassium struvite. Water Res 2018; 143:19-27. [PMID: 29935400 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus recovery from industrialized poultry operations is necessary to ensure sustainable waste management and resource consumption. To realize these goals, an innovative, two-stage process chemistry has been developed to extract nutrients from poultry litter and recover value-added products. Over 75% phosphorus extraction was achieved by bubbling carbon dioxide into poultry litter slurries and adding strong acid to reach pH 4.5-5.5. After separating the nutrient-deficient poultry litter solids and the nutrient-rich liquid, the extract pH was increased through aeration and strong base addition. Over 95% of the extracted phosphorus was recovered as solid precipitate at pH 8.5-9.0. High-purity struvite and potassium struvite products were selectively recovered through pH control, introduction of a calcium-complexing agent, and addition of magnesium chloride. The nitrogen-to-phosphorus-to-potassium (NPK) ratio of the recovered solids was controlled through aeration and pH adjustment. Precipitation at pH 8.5-9.0 and 10.5-11.0 resulted in NPK ratios of 2.0:1.0:0.1 and 0.9:1.0:0.2, respectively. The process effluent was effectively recycled as makeup water for the subsequent batch of poultry litter, thereby decreasing water consumption and increasing overall nutrient recovery. Sequencing batch operation yielded greater than 70% phosphorus recovery within a 45-min process, demonstrating the potential for this technology to alleviate nutrient pollution in agricultural settings and generate an alternative supply of phosphorus fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Shashvatt
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Josh Benoit
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Hannah Aris
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
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33
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Hain E, Wammer KH, Blaney L. Comment on "Photodegradation of sulfathiazole under simulated sunlight: Kinetics, photo-induced structural rearrangement, and antimicrobial activities of photoproducts" by Niu et al. [Water Research 124 2017 576-583]. Water Res 2018; 131:205-207. [PMID: 29289921 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent efforts have employed antimicrobial susceptibility assays to describe the residual antimicrobial activity of antibiotics and their transformation products in a variety of environmental processes. Some authors have evaluated the results of these assays using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC); however, this approach has fundamental weaknesses. To highlight best practices, this comment describes the advantages of using dose-response curves to calculate the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and the potential impacts of growth media on the antimicrobial activity of sulfonamide antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Hain
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Kristine H Wammer
- University of St. Thomas, Department of Chemistry, 2115 Summit Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and other xenobiotic molecules are being increasingly detected in drinking water, food crops, and breast milk. This issue represents a novel toxicological concern, especially for sensitive populations like pregnant women and breastfeeding infants. This commentary calls for more interdisciplinary research efforts focused on elucidating the transfer of contaminants of emerging concern from mother to child, as well as the relevant toxicological impacts on the child. The need for more tangible efforts to reduce pharmaceutical loads in environmental systems is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiranmayi P Mangalgiri
- University of Maryland Baltimore County Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21250
| | - Ke He
- University of Maryland Baltimore County Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21250
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21250
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35
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Fu QL, Blaney L, Zhou DM. Identifying Plant Stress Responses to Roxarsone in Soybean Root Exudates: New Insights from Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:53-62. [PMID: 29240415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Roxarsone (ROX) is an organoarsenic feed additive of increasing interest used in the poultry industry. Soybean responses to ROX stress were investigated in root exudates (REs) using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) with fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectra. Environmentally relevant ROX concentrations caused negligible toxicity to crop growth and photosynthesis activity but blackened soybean roots at high concentrations. 2D-COS analysis revealed that the protein-like fluorophore and C═C and C═O, aliphatic OH, and polysaccharide C-O-H moieties in soybean REs were most sensitive to ROX stress. Heterospectral 2D-COS results suggested that aromatic, amide I, quinone, ketone, and aliphatic functional groups were the foundational components of protein-like and short-wavelength excited humic-like fluorophores in soybean REs. Carboxyl and phenolic moieties were related to the long-wavelength excited humic-like fluorophore. Overall, 2D-COS combined with molecular-based spectral analysis of REs provided an innovative approach to characterize the physiological responses of crops to contaminants at sublethal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Long Fu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Dong-Mei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
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36
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Fu QL, Blaney L, Zhou DM. Natural degradation of roxarsone in contrasting soils: Degradation kinetics and transformation products. Sci Total Environ 2017; 607-608:132-140. [PMID: 28688255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Roxarsone (ROX) is transformed to more toxic arsenicals after land application of ROX-containing poultry litter to agricultural soils. To date, no reports have compared ROX degradation in soils with contrasting properties. In this study, the impact of different incubation conditions on ROX degradation was investigated in red (C-Soil) and yellow-brown (H-Soil) soils. The degradation half-lives of extractable ROX in C-Soil and H-Soil were found to be 130-394d and 4-94d, respectively, indicating that the extractable ROX degraded faster in H-Soil. This result stems from the higher organic matter content, more abundant soil microbes, and lower ROX sorption capacity of H-Soil compared to C-Soil. Degradation of extractable ROX in both C-Soil and H-Soil was significantly promoted by soil moisture and exogenous glucose. Exogenous P(V) facilitated degradation of extractable ROX in C-Soil, but limited effects were observed for H-Soil. HPLC-ICP-MS analysis confirmed that ROX and dimethylarsinic acid were the predominant As species in soil extracts from 119-day incubated C-Soil and H-Soil, respectively. Ultimately, minimal transformation of extractable ROX was observed in C-Soil, but the majority of extractable ROX in H-Soil was biologically transformed. The differences in degradation of extractable ROX in C-Soil and H-Soil highlight the key roles of soil properties on the environmental fate of ROX and associated arsenicals. Results from this study inform the need for comprehensive evaluation of the ecological risks in organoarsenical-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Long Fu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Dong-Mei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
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Mangalgiri KP, Blaney L. Elucidating the Stimulatory and Inhibitory Effects of Dissolved Organic Matter from Poultry Litter on Photodegradation of Antibiotics. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:12310-12320. [PMID: 28952731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the photolytic fate of the chlortetracycline (CTC), ciprofloxacin (CIP), roxarsone (ROX), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) antibiotics in agriculturally relevant matrices. The observed photodegradation kinetics for antibiotics in solutions containing dissolved organic matter (DOM) from three poultry litter extracts was modeled to identify contributions from direct and indirect photolysis. Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRN) was used as a surrogate DOM standard. Poultry litter-derived DOM generated lower concentrations of reactive species compared to SRN. Direct photolysis was the dominant transformation mechanism for CIP, whereas CTC, ROX, and SMX were sensitized by 3DOM* and 1O2. The impacts of agricultural DOM on photodegradation of antibiotics were identified in terms of pseudo-first-order rate constants for formation of reactive species and second-order rate constants for reaction of reactive species with DOM. Solutions containing poultry litter-derived DOM generated similar levels of 3DOM* and 1O2, enhancing degradation of CTC, ROX, and SMX. The reactivity of SMX was markedly different in solutions containing poultry litter DOM compared to solutions with SRN, indicating that the photolytic fate of select antibiotics varies for agricultural and surface water matrices. As the majority of antibiotics are consumed by animals, these findings provide new insight into agriculturally relevant transformation mechanisms and kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiranmayi P Mangalgiri
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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38
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Hopkins ZR, Snowberger S, Blaney L. Ozonation of the oxybenzone, octinoxate, and octocrylene UV-filters: Reaction kinetics, absorbance characteristics, and transformation products. J Hazard Mater 2017; 338:23-32. [PMID: 28535480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UV-filters (UVFs) are active ingredients in personal care products that protect skin from exposure to UV light. Environmentally-relevant concentrations of UVFs have recently been linked to toxicity in aquatic organisms, necessitating research into improved UVF removal in water/wastewater treatment. Here, we investigated ozonation of the three most commonly employed UVFs: octinoxate (OMC), octocrylene (OC), and oxybenzone (OXY). Specific second-order rate constants for UVF reaction with ozone were identified as follows: OMC, 5.25×104M-1s-1; OC, 1.58M-1s-1; OXY (neutral), 3.80×102M-1s-1; and, OXY (anion), 1.51×106M-1s-1. These kinetic parameters indicated that OMC and OXY undergo significant (2-log or greater) transformation for typical ozone exposures in disinfection processes; however, minimal oxidation is expected for OC. UV absorbance mapping was employed to characterize the loss of UVF activity (i.e., absorbance across the UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C ranges) during ozonation. These 4-dimensional maps also confirmed ozone attack mechanisms, namely reaction at phenolate (OXY) and olefin (OMC, OC) groups. Primary transformation products from these reactions were identified for all three UVFs of concern. For OC and OXY, the benzophenone structure is conserved, suggesting that transformation products retain toxicity concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Hopkins
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Sebastian Snowberger
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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39
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He K, Timm A, Blaney L. Simultaneous determination of UV-filters and estrogens in aquatic invertebrates by modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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40
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Mangalgiri KP, Timko SA, Gonsior M, Blaney L. PARAFAC Modeling of Irradiation- and Oxidation-Induced Changes in Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter Extracted from Poultry Litter. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:8036-8047. [PMID: 28603977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) applied to fluorescence excitation emission matrices (EEMs) allows quantitative assessment of the composition of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (DOM). In this study, we fit a four-component EEM-PARAFAC model to characterize DOM extracted from poultry litter. The data set included fluorescence EEMs from 291 untreated, irradiated (253.7 nm, 310-410 nm), and oxidized (UV-H2O2, ozone) poultry litter extracts. The four components were identified as microbial humic-, terrestrial humic-, tyrosine-, and tryptophan-like fluorescent signatures. The Tucker's congruence coefficients for components from the global (i.e., aggregated sample set) model and local (i.e., single poultry litter source) models were greater than 0.99, suggesting that the global EEM-PARAFAC model may be suitable to study poultry litter DOM from individual sources. In general, the transformation trends of the four fluorescence components were comparable for all poultry litter sources tested. For irradiation at 253.7 nm, ozonation, and UV-H2O2 advanced oxidation, transformation of the humic-like components was slower than that of the tryptophan-like component. The opposite trend was observed for irradiation at 310-410 nm, due to differences in UV absorbance properties of components. Compared to the other EEM-PARAFAC components, the tyrosine-like component was fairly recalcitrant in irradiation and oxidation processes. This novel application of EEM-PARAFAC modeling provides insight into the composition and fate of agricultural DOM in natural and engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiranmayi P Mangalgiri
- University of Maryland Baltimore County Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314 Baltimore, Maryland 21250 United States
| | - Stephen A Timko
- Kennedy/Jenks Consultants 1191 Second Avenue, Suite 630 Seattle, Washington 98101, United States
| | - Michael Gonsior
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Chesapeake Biological Laboratory 146 Williams Street, P.O. Box 38 Solomons, Maryland 20688, United States
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314 Baltimore, Maryland 21250 United States
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41
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Fu QL, Blaney L, Zhou DM. Phytotoxicity and uptake of roxarsone by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Environ Pollut 2016; 219:210-218. [PMID: 27814537 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Roxarsone (ROX), the primary aromatic arsenical additive (AAA) used in animal feeding operations, is of increasing concern to environmental and human health due to land application of ROX-laden animal manure. Few studies have investigated the phytotoxicity, uptake mechanisms, and speciation of AAA in crop plants. In this study, wheat seedlings were employed to address these issues under hydroponic conditions. Compared to inorganic arsenic, ROX was less toxic to wheat root elongation. Wheat roots were more sensitive to ROX stress than shoots. For the first time, metabolized inorganic arsenic was detected in plants, although ROX was the predominant detected arsenic species in wheat seedlings. ROX uptake and toxicity to roots were inhibited by humic acid at concentrations higher than 50 mg/L due to interaction with ROX. Phosphate enhanced ROX uptake, but no trends were observed for ROX uptake in the presence of glycerol at concentrations lower than 250 mM. In addition, ROX uptake was significantly decreased by silicate (Si(IV), 0.5-10 mM) and the metabolic inhibitor, 2,4-dinitrophenol (0.5-2 mM), indicating that ROX transport into wheat roots was actively mediated by Si(IV)-sensitive transporters. These findings provide important insights into the fate and speciation of AAA in soil-water-plant systems relevant to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Long Fu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Dong-Mei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
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42
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Snowberger S, Adejumo H, He K, Mangalgiri KP, Hopanna M, Soares AD, Blaney L. Direct Photolysis of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics at 253.7 nm: Specific Reaction Kinetics and Formation of Equally Potent Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:9533-42. [PMID: 27479003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Three fluoroquinolone-to-fluoroquinolone antibiotic transformations were monitored during UV-C irradiation processes. In particular, the following reactions were observed: enrofloxacin-to-ciprofloxacin, difloxacin-to-sarafloxacin, and pefloxacin-to-norfloxacin. The apparent molar absorptivity and fluence-based pseudo-first-order rate constants for transformation of the six fluoroquinolones by direct photolysis at 253.7 nm were determined for the pH 2-12 range. These parameters were deconvoluted to calculate specific molar absorptivity and fluence-based rate constants for cationic, zwitterionic, and anionic fluoroquinolone species. For a typical disinfection fluence of 40 mJ/cm(2), the apparent transformation efficiencies were inflated by 2-8% when fluoroquinolone products were not considered; moreover, the overall transformation efficiencies at 400 mJ/cm(2) varied by up to 40% depending on pH. The three product antibiotics, namely ciprofloxacin, sarafloxacin, and norfloxacin, were found to be equally or more potent than the parent fluoroquinolones using an Escherichia coli-based assay. UV treatment of a solution containing difloxacin was found to increase antimicrobial activity due to formation of sarafloxacin. These results highlight the importance of considering antibiotic-to-antibiotic transformations in UV-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Snowberger
- University of Maryland Baltimore County , Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314 Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Hollie Adejumo
- University of Maryland Baltimore County , Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314 Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Ke He
- University of Maryland Baltimore County , Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314 Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Kiranmayi P Mangalgiri
- University of Maryland Baltimore County , Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314 Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Mamatha Hopanna
- University of Maryland Baltimore County , Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314 Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Ana Dulce Soares
- University of Maryland Baltimore County , Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314 Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County , Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314 Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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43
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Fu QL, He JZ, Blaney L, Zhou DM. Sorption of roxarsone onto soils with different physicochemical properties. Chemosphere 2016; 159:103-112. [PMID: 27281543 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Elevated roxarsone (ROX) concentrations in soils, caused by land application of ROX-bearing poultry litter, mandate investigation of ROX sorption onto soils. Equilibrium and kinetic studies of ROX sorption onto five soils were carried out to explore the relationship between sorption parameters and soil properties, and to reveal the effects of coexisting humic acid (HA), P(V), As(V), and As(III) on ROX transport. Experimental results indicated that ROX sorption reached equilibrium within 24 h, with pseudo-second order rate constants of 5.74-5.26 × 10(2) g/(mg h); film and intra-particle diffusion were the rate-limiting processes. ROX sorption to soils involved partitioning and adsorption phenomena; however, their relative contributions varied for different soils. The maximum ROX sorption varied with soil type, ranging from 0.59 to 4.12 mg/g. Results from correlation analysis and multiple linear regressions revealed that the maximum sorption capacities, partition coefficients, and desorption percentages were correlated with soil properties, especially iron content, total organic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon. ROX sorption to soils was affected more by soil pH than the initial pH of ROX-containing solutions. Carboxylic and amide functional groups were determined to be responsible for ROX sorption to soils. ROX sorption capacities decreased in the presence of HA, P(V), As(V), and As(III), indicating that ROX mobility in soils was facilitated by dissolved organic matter (DOM) and competing anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Long Fu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Zhou He
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Dong-Mei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Hopkins ZR, Blaney L. An aggregate analysis of personal care products in the environment: Identifying the distribution of environmentally-relevant concentrations. Environ Int 2016; 92-93:301-316. [PMID: 27128715 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 3-4 decades, per capita consumption of personal care products (PCPs) has steadily risen, resulting in increased discharge of the active and inactive ingredients present in these products into wastewater collection systems. PCPs comprise a long list of compounds employed in toothpaste, sunscreen, lotions, soaps, body washes, and insect repellants, among others. While comprehensive toxicological studies are not yet available, an increasing body of literature has shown that PCPs of all classes can impact aquatic wildlife, bacteria, and/or mammalian cells at low concentrations. Ongoing research efforts have identified PCPs in a variety of environmental compartments, including raw wastewater, wastewater effluent, surface water, wastewater solids, sediment, groundwater, and drinking water. Here, an aggregate analysis of over 5000 reported detections was conducted to better understand the distribution of environmentally-relevant PCP concentrations in, and between, these compartments. The distributions were used to identify whether aggregated environmentally-relevant concentration ranges intersected with available toxicity data. For raw wastewater, wastewater effluent, and surface water, a clear overlap was present between the 25th-75th percentiles and identified toxicity levels. This analysis suggests that improved wastewater treatment of antimicrobials, UV filters, and polycyclic musks is required to prevent negative impacts on aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Hopkins
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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45
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Fu QL, He JZ, Blaney L, Zhou DM. Roxarsone binding to soil-derived dissolved organic matter: Insights from multi-spectroscopic techniques. Chemosphere 2016; 155:225-233. [PMID: 27115847 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The fate and transport of roxarsone (ROX), a widely used organoarsenic feed additive, in soil is significantly influenced by the ubiquitous presence of soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM). In this study, fluorescence quenching titration and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) were employed to study ROX binding to DOM. Binding mechanisms were revealed by fluorescence lifetime measurement and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Humic- and protein-like fluorophores were identified in the excitation-emission matrix and synchronous fluorescence spectra of DOM. The conditional stability constant (log KC) for ROX binding to DOM was found to be 5.06, indicating that ROX was strongly bound to DOM. The binding order of ROX to DOM fluorophores revealed by 2D-COS followed the sequence of protein-like fluorophore ≈ the longer wavelength excited humic-like (L-humic-like) fluorophore > the shorter wavelength excited humic-like (S-humic-like) fluorophore. 2D-COS resolved issues with peak overlapping and allowed further exploration of the interaction between ROX and DOM. Results of fluorescence lifetime and FTIR spectra demonstrated that ROX interacted with DOM through the hydroxyl, amide II, carboxyl, aliphatic CH, and NO2 groups, yielding stable DOM-ROX complexes. The strong interaction between ROX and DOM implies that DOM plays an important role in the environmental fate of ROX in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Long Fu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jian-Zhou He
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Dong-Mei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
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Adak A, Mangalgiri KP, Lee J, Blaney L. UV irradiation and UV-H₂O₂ advanced oxidation of the roxarsone and nitarsone organoarsenicals. Water Res 2015; 70:74-85. [PMID: 25514660 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Roxarsone (ROX) and nitarsone (NIT) are used as additives in animal feeding operations and have been detected in animal manure, agricultural retention ponds, and adjacent surface waters. This work investigates treatment of organoarsenicals using UV-based treatment processes, namely UV irradiation at 253.7 nm and the UV-H2O2 advanced oxidation process. The apparent molar absorptivity was mapped for ROX and NIT across pH and wavelength. For UV irradiation at 253.7 nm, the fluence-based pseudo-first order rate constant (kp(')) and effective quantum yield (Φ) for ROX were 8.10-29.7 × 10(-5) cm(2)/mJ and 2.34-8.37 × 10(-3) mol/E, respectively; the corresponding constants were slightly lower for NIT. The observed rate constants are higher during advanced oxidation (e.g., kp,ROX(')=3.92(±0.19)-217(±48) × 10(-4) cm(2)/mJ). Second order rate constants for organoarsenical transformation by hydroxyl radicals were determined to be 3.40(±0.45) × 10(9) and 8.28(±0.49) × 10(8) M(-1)s(-1) for ROX and NIT, respectively. Solution pH and nitrate concentration did not significantly impact ROX transformation during advanced oxidation; however, bicarbonate and dissolved organic matter from chicken litter reduced ROX transformation through hydroxyl radical scavenging. Inorganic arsenic was the predominant transformation product of ROX during UV-H2O2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asok Adak
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal 711103, India; Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Kiranmayi P Mangalgiri
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Jessica Lee
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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P Mangalgiri K, Adak A, Blaney L. Organoarsenicals in poultry litter: detection, fate, and toxicity. Environ Int 2015; 75:68-80. [PMID: 25461415 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination in groundwater has endangered the health and safety of millions of people around the world. One less studied mechanism for arsenic introduction into the environment is the use of organoarsenicals in animal feed. Four organoarsenicals are commonly employed as feed additives: arsanilic acid, carbarsone, nitarsone, and roxarsone. Organoarsenicals are composed of a phenylarsonic acid molecule with substituted functional groups. This review documents the use of organoarsenicals in the poultry industry, reports analytical methods available for quantifying organic arsenic, discusses the fate and transport of organoarsenicals in environmental systems, and identifies toxicological concerns associated with these chemicals. In reviewing the literature on organoarsenicals, several research needs were highlighted: advanced analytical instrumentation that allows for identification and quantification of organoarsenical degradation products; a greater research emphasis on arsanilic acid, carbarsone, and nitarsone; identification of degradation pathways, products, and kinetics; and testing/development of agricultural wastewater and solid treatment technologies for organoarsenical-laden waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiranmayi P Mangalgiri
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Asok Adak
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal 711103, India
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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He K, Blaney L. Systematic optimization of an SPE with HPLC-FLD method for fluoroquinolone detection in wastewater. J Hazard Mater 2015; 282:96-105. [PMID: 25200119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a selective and ultra-sensitive analytical method for simultaneous determination of 11 fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics in environmental and wastewater samples. The method employs offline solid-phase extraction (SPE) and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). A weak cation exchange SPE protocol was developed with a novel loading volume optimization algorithm and a methanol cleanup step to remove background organic matter. Various parameters were optimized to recover FQs from water/wastewater and analyte recovery was generally greater than 80%. Chromatographic separation of the 11 FQs was achieved on a 150 mm pentafluorophenyl column using a gradient elution scheme with methanol, acetonitrile, and 20mM phosphate buffer (pH=2.4). Excitation and emission wavelengths were individually optimized for each FQ using fluorescence spectroscopy; the excitation and emission wavelengths were 276-296 nm and 444-506 nm, respectively. Instrumental quantitation limits were 20-100 pg of mass injected. Of the 11 FQs investigated, seven (i.e., ciprofloxacin, difloxacin, enrofloxacin, fleroxacin, norfloxacin, moxifloxacin, and ofloxacin) were detected during a four-month sampling campaign of wastewater and wastewater-impacted surface water. Concentrations of FQs in raw wastewater, wastewater effluent, and wastewater-impacted surface water were 5-1292, 2-504, and 4-187ng/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke He
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States.
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Hernandez-Maldonado AJ, Blaney L. Advances in analysis, treatment technologies, and environmental fate of emerging contaminants. J Hazard Mater 2015; 282:1. [PMID: 25457148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo J Hernandez-Maldonado
- Professor of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez, PO Box 9000, Mayaguez, PR 00681-9000, USA.
| | - Lee Blaney
- Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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50
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Hopkins ZR, Blaney L. A novel approach to modeling the reaction kinetics of tetracycline antibiotics with aqueous ozone. Sci Total Environ 2014; 468-469:337-344. [PMID: 24041601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tetracycline antibiotics represent one of the most successful classes of pharmaceuticals and are extensively used around the world for human and veterinary health. Ozone-based processes have emerged as a selective water treatment process for many pharmaceuticals. The primary objective of this study was to determine the reaction kinetics for transformation of five tetracycline antibiotics (i.e., chlortetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, rolitetracycline, and tetracycline) by ozone across the pH2 to 9 range. The apparent second-order rate constant for tetracycline was on the order of 1-6 × 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) at low pH, and 0.6-2.0 × 10(6) M(-1) s(-1) at near neutral pH. The apparent second-order rate constants did not fit a conventional pKa-based model, presumably due to the complex acid/base speciation of tetracycline antibiotics. A model that considers the net charge on tetracycline molecules in solution provided a nice fit to experimental data for all five tetracyclines. The five tetracycline antibiotics demonstrated similar reaction kinetics with ozone, and a cumulative analysis of all kinetics data provides a baseline model for other tetracycline compounds. The ozone exposure required for complete transformation of tetracycline antibiotics (10(-5) M-s) is well below that achieved during ozone disinfection processes (10(-3) M-s), indicating that ozone is an effective treatment for tetracycline antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Hopkins
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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