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Mayagoitia-Novales L, Cerda-Molina AL, Martín-Guerrero MA, Muñoz-Zamudio E, Estudillo-Mendoza GR, Borráz-León JI. The Comparative Effect of Occupational and Musical Enrichment on Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Levels in a Captive Colony of Stumptail Macaques ( Macaca arctoides). Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:124. [PMID: 38392342 PMCID: PMC10887012 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment improves captive animal welfare by reducing stress-related behaviors. Previous studies in a captive colony of stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides) reported a reduction of aggression, coprophilia, and stereotypic behaviors after an occupational enrichment program; however, the effect on stress hormones such as glucocorticoids has not been investigated yet. The goal of this study was to compare the effect of sex, age, and social rank on changes in fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) after applying two kinds of enrichments (occupational vs. musical) in a captive colony of stumptail macaques. We collected 234 fecal samples from 25 stumptail macaques under the following conditions: (1) basal (no enrichment), (2) three weeks of occupational enrichment, and (3) three weeks of relaxing/classical music. The Generalized Estimated Equation Model showed an increase in fGCM levels after the occupational enrichment only in adult subjects (p = 0.003 compared to basal). The fGCM levels reached by the adults after the occupational enrichment was higher than that of juveniles (p = 0.002) and subadults (p = 0.02). Occupational and musical enrichment decreased fGCM levels only in middle-ranking individuals (p < 0.001 and p = 0.013, respectively). No sex differences were found. In conclusion, there were age and rank differences in individuals' physiological reactivity to the effects of environmental enrichment which need to be considered when planning enrichment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Mayagoitia-Novales
- Departamento de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Ana Lilia Cerda-Molina
- Departamento de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - María Andrea Martín-Guerrero
- Licenciatura en Antropología Física, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (ENAH), Ciudad de México 14030, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Muñoz-Zamudio
- Departamento de Bioterio, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Gema R Estudillo-Mendoza
- Departamento de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Javier I Borráz-León
- Departamento de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
- Investigador por México, Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, CONAHCYT, Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico
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Mayagoitia-Novales L, Cerda-Molina AL, Mendoza-Mojica SA, Borráz-León JI, Hernández-Melesio MA, Saldívar-Hernández GJ. Psychopathology, cortisol and testosterone responses to traumatic images: differences between urban and suburban citizens in a middle-income country. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1187248. [PMID: 37484079 PMCID: PMC10360937 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1187248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Living in urban places has been associated with a higher risk of psychopathology as well as with altered hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and consequently altered cortisol response, but studies have concentrated mainly in high-income countries population. The role of other hormones such as testosterone, implicated in stress response and with human social behaviors, have not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to compare symptoms of psychopathology as well as cortisol and testosterone in response to traumatic images between urban and suburban people in a middle-income country. Methods A sample of 67 women and 55 men (N = 122, 18-45 years) from urban and suburban places of Mexico participated in the study. We quantified salivary cortisol and testosterone in response to images with traumatic and violent content (basal, 15, 30, and 45 min after images). Participants answered a general information questionnaire and the Symptom Checklist-90-R to assess their psychopathological traits. We performed Generalized Estimating Equation Models to analyze hormonal levels and MANOVAs to compare differences in participants' psychopathology symptoms. Area under the curve respect to ground (AUCG) of hormonal levels and sex differences were also compared. Results Suburban citizens showed no cortisol response, whereas urban people showed a cortisol peak 15 min after the image's exposure; however, suburban people had higher AUCG and basal levels compared to urban ones. Contrastingly, testosterone levels declined in all participants excepting the urban women, who showed no testosterone response. Although similar testosterone profile, AUCG levels were higher in urban than suburban men. Participants living in suburban areas had higher scores of somatizations, obsessive-compulsive, and interpersonal sensitivity, as well as more sleep disorders than participants living in urban areas. Conclusion This study offers novel evidence about differences in cortisol and testosterone responses to a social stressor and in mental health indicators between a population of urban and suburban citizens, highlighting the impact of urbanization process on physiological and psychological outcomes in a middle-income country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Mayagoitia-Novales
- Departamento de Etología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ana Lilia Cerda-Molina
- Departamento de Etología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Javier I. Borráz-León
- Departamento de Etología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - M. Alejandra Hernández-Melesio
- Departamento de Etología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Cerda-Molina AL, Borráz-León JI, Matamoros-Trejo G, de la O C, Estudillo-Mendoza GR, Mayagoitia-Novales L, Maestripieri D. Testing the Challenge Hypothesis in Stumptail Macaque Males: The Role of Testosterone and Glucocorticoid Metabolites in Aggressive and Mating Behavior. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:813. [PMID: 37372098 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The "challenge hypothesis" predicts higher male-male aggressive behavior along with increases in testosterone levels during times of reproductive challenges and social instability. In addition, in some primate species, higher glucocorticoid levels can be observed as well, but this is usually modulated by dominance rank. We studied rank-related aggressive behavior, mating activity, and fecal testosterone and glucocorticoid metabolites (fTm and fGCm) in male stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides) in order to test some predictions of the "challenge hypothesis". Over a 20-month period, we collected data on aggressive behavior and copulation, as well as fecal samples (n = 700) to quantify fTm and fGCm in seven adult stumptail males living in captivity. During periods of mating activity, male-to-male aggression increased in higher- and middle-ranking males. Neither fTm nor fGCm levels predicted male-to-male aggression. fGCm levels (but not fTm) were positively associated with male-to-female aggression; however, this association was pronounced during periods of mating activity. fGCm levels differed according to social rank, with middle-ranking males having the highest levels. Both hormones were higher during periods of mating activity, but only in higher- and middle-ranking males. Taken together, our findings partially support the challenge hypothesis in a non-seasonal primate and shed some light on the unique social and mating system of the stumptail macaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lilia Cerda-Molina
- Departamento de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Javier I Borráz-León
- Departamento de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
- Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gilberto Matamoros-Trejo
- Departamento de Neurofisiología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Claudio de la O
- FES Zaragoza C-III, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santa Cruz Tlaxcala 90640, Mexico
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Latina, Ciudad de México 4330, Mexico
| | - Gema R Estudillo-Mendoza
- Departamento de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Lilian Mayagoitia-Novales
- Departamento de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Dario Maestripieri
- Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Comparative Human Development, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Arrieta-Báez D, Gómez-Patiño MB, Jurado Hernández N, Mayagoitia-Novales L, Dorantes-Barrón AM, Estrada-Reyes R. Antidepressant-like effects of a methanol extract of Leonotis nepetifolia in mice. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:6170-6176. [PMID: 35357257 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2058939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the antidepressant-like effects of a methanol extract of Leonotis nepetifolia in behavioural tests in mice. Our results showed that a single administration of the extract significantly reduced immobility behaviour in the tail suspension test, while three administrations were necessary to diminish immobility behaviour in the forced swimming test. A daily dose of the extract for 28 days improved body weight gain and significantly reduced corticosterone levels of mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Metabolic profiling of the extract revealed that nepetaefolin, methoxynepataefolin, and 7-O-β-glucoside luteolin were the main products. Acute and repeated administration of the extract produced antidepressant-like effects in animals subjected to chronic stress. Our results suggest the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal axis participates in the antidepressant actions of the extract. These results show that alterations in behaviour elicited by stress can be prevented with L. nepetifolia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Arrieta-Báez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional CNMN, Luis Enrique Erro s/n, Unidad Profesor Adolfo López Mateos, Gustavo A. Madero, México Ciudad de México
| | - Mayra Beatriz Gómez-Patiño
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional CNMN, Luis Enrique Erro s/n, Unidad Profesor Adolfo López Mateos, Gustavo A. Madero, México Ciudad de México
| | - Noé Jurado Hernández
- Laboratorio de Fitofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lilian Mayagoitia-Novales
- Departamento de Etología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana María Dorantes-Barrón
- Laboratorio de Fitofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rosa Estrada-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Fitofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, México
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Cerda-De la O B, Cerda-Molina AL, Mayagoitia-Novales L, de la Cruz-López M, Biagini-Alarcón M, Hernández-Zúñiga EL, Borráz-León JI, Whaley-Sánchez JA. Increased Cortisol Response and Low Quality of Life in Women Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence With Severe Anxiety and Depression. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:898017. [PMID: 35832594 PMCID: PMC9271849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.898017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the most prevalent forms of violence against women globally and it is considered a public health problem. Because the experience of IPV is stressful and traumatic for victims, they are at high risk of developing alteration of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis functioning as well as anxiety and depression symptoms. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life and changes in cortisol response to an acute stressor between women exposed to IPV and non-exposed women. Differences according to symptoms of anxiety and depression including the risk of suicide thoughts, were also analyzed. METHOD Our sample size consisted of 130 women (ages 18-68) grouped as follows: 71 women experiencing IPV and 59 women without history of IPV as control group. All participants completed a battery of questionnaires including IPV exposure, anxiety, and depression symptoms (Beck Inventories), as well as quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF). Salivary cortisol levels in response to a cognitive test with verbal, mathematical, and abstract reasoning were measured at four time points. RESULTS Women exposed to IPV, with severe anxiety and depression symptoms as well as suicide thoughts, exhibited heightened cortisol response after the cognitive test and reported lower quality of life compared to (i) women experiencing IPV with moderate symptoms of anxiety and depression, who showed a blunted response, and (ii) women without history of IPV with minimal to moderate symptoms, who showed a decreased cortisol profile. Social relationships dimension was in particular the most affected aspect of quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the role of cortisol responses as a complementary biological marker to be associated with severe psychiatric disturbances in women exposed to IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cerda-De la O
- Clínica de Género y Sexualidad, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana Lilia Cerda-Molina
- Departamento de Etología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lilian Mayagoitia-Novales
- Departamento de Etología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Margarita de la Cruz-López
- Clínica de Género y Sexualidad, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marcela Biagini-Alarcón
- Clínica de Género y Sexualidad, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Erika Lucia Hernández-Zúñiga
- Clínica de Género y Sexualidad, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Javier I Borráz-León
- Departamento de Etología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jesús Alfredo Whaley-Sánchez
- Clínica de Género y Sexualidad, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México
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Mancha-Gutiérrez HM, Estrada-Camarena E, Mayagoitia-Novales L, López-Pacheco E, López-Rubalcava C. Chronic Social Defeat During Adolescence Induces Short- and Long-Term Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Effects in Male Swiss-Webster Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:734054. [PMID: 34658806 PMCID: PMC8514669 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.734054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress exposure during adolescence is a significant risk factor for the development of depression. Chronic social defeat (CSD) in rodents is an animal model of depression with excellent ethological, predictive, discriminative, and face validity. Because the CSD model has not been thoroughly examined as a model of stress-induced depression within the adolescence stage, the present study analyzed the short- and long-term behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of CSD during early adolescence. Therefore, adolescent male Swiss-Webster (SW) mice were exposed to the CSD model from postnatal day (PND) 28 to PND37. Twenty-four hours (mid-adolescence) or 4 weeks (early adulthood) later, mice were tested in two models of depression; the social interaction test (SIT) and forced swimming test (FST); cognitive deficits were evaluated in the Barnes maze (BM). Finally, corticosterone and testosterone content was measured before, during, and after CSD exposure, and serotonin transporter (SERT) autoradiography was studied after CSD in adolescent and adult mice. CSD during early adolescence induced enduring depression-like behaviors as inferred from increased social avoidance and immobility behavior in the SIT and FST, respectively, which correlated in an age-dependent manner with SERT binding in the hippocampus; CSD during early adolescence also induced long-lasting learning and memory impairments in the Barnes maze (BM). Finally, CSD during early adolescence increased serum corticosterone levels in mid-adolescence and early adulthood and delayed the expected increase in serum testosterone levels observed at this age. In conclusion: (1) CSD during early adolescence induced long-lasting depression-like behaviors, (2) sensitivity of SERT density during normal brain development was revealed, (3) CSD during early adolescence induced enduring cognitive deficits, and (4) results highlight the vulnerability of the adolescent brain to social stressors on the adrenal and gonadal axes, which emphasizes the importance of an adequate interaction between both axes during adolescence for normal development of brain and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lilian Mayagoitia-Novales
- Departamento de Etologia, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena López-Pacheco
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV-Sede Sur Coapa, Mexico City, Mexico
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Martinez-Mota L, Cruz-Tavera A, Dorantes-Barrón AM, Arrieta-Báez D, Ramírez-Salado I, Cruz-Aguilar MA, Mayagoitia-Novales L, Cassani J, Estrada-Reyes R. Calea zacatechichi Schltdl. (Compositae) produces anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects, and increases the hippocampal activity during REM sleep in rodents. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 265:113316. [PMID: 32866569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Calea zacatechichi is a plant with an extensive popular and ritual use in Mexico. In healthy volunteers, it induces well-being and tranquility senses, and facilitates superficial stages of sleep. However, anxiolytic, and antidepressant-like effects and changes on the sleep-waking stages have not been explored. AIM To determine anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of an aqueous extract of C. zacatechichi (CZ) in rodents and to analyze their effects on hippocampal activity in the rat sleep-waking cycle. MATERIAL AND METHODS CZ anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects were evaluated in several mice and rat behavioral paradigms. CZ effects on temporal distribution of sleep were described, and hippocampus EEG frequency patterns were analyzed during the sleep-waking cycle; absolute and relative powers were analyzed during Rapid Eye Movements (REM) and non-REM sleep stages. CZ chemical analysis was performed by UPLC-ESI-MS. RESULTS CZ produced specific and robust anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in mice and rats, similar to those of prototypical drugs, at doses ranging from 0.5 to 50 mg/kg. CZ at 100 mg/kg produced visible mild sedative effects in rats, associated with a significant increase in Slow Wave Sleep episodes during a 6 h recording, and enhanced fast frequencies of hippocampus (gamma-band:31-50 Hz) during REM sleep. CONCLUSION Results could support the well-being and tranquility senses reported by healthy consumers, and to explain the oneiric content during dreams and some improvements in cognitive processes described by consumers. Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of this species, reported for first time in this study could improve some aspects of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Martinez-Mota
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Conductual, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adrián Cruz-Tavera
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Conductual, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana María Dorantes-Barrón
- Laboratorio de Fitofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Arrieta-Báez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CNMN, Luis Enrique Erro S/n, Unidad Prof. Adolfo López Mateos, Gustavo A. Madero, 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Ramírez-Salado
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Sueño, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Manuel Alejandro Cruz-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Sueño, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Lilian Mayagoitia-Novales
- Departamento de Etología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Julia Cassani
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, 04960, Mexico
| | - Rosa Estrada-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Fitofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Borráz-León JI, Cerda-Molina AL, Rantala MJ, Mayagoitia-Novales L, Contreras-Garduño J. Low intrasexual competitiveness and decreasing testosterone in human males (Homo sapiens): the adaptive meaning. BEHAVIOUR 2019. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The development of indirect mechanisms of intrasexual competition (e.g., visual identification of possible rivals) could be related to personality traits such as aggressiveness and self-esteem. However, the study of endocrine changes associated to indirect mechanisms of intrasexual competition is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in testosterone levels after a rival choice test in men and how intrasexual competitiveness, aggressiveness, and self-esteem modulate these changes. A group of 160 healthy men answered four personality questionnaires, participated in a rival choice test, and donated saliva samples to measure the changes in their testosterone levels. We found a significant decrease in testosterone levels of men with lower intrasexual competitiveness, but testosterone levels remained stables in competitive men. Non-significant results were found for aggressiveness and self-esteem. These decreases in testosterone levels could be interpreted as an adaptation aimed to reduce costs in male-male contests in Western modern societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier I. Borráz-León
- aDepartment of Ethology, National Institute of Psychiatry “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Mexico City, Mexico
- bEvolutionary Ecology Lab, ENES, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Ana Lilia Cerda-Molina
- bEvolutionary Ecology Lab, ENES, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Markus J. Rantala
- cDepartment of Biology, and Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Lilian Mayagoitia-Novales
- aDepartment of Ethology, National Institute of Psychiatry “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Mexico City, Mexico
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Borráz-León JI, Cerda-Molina AL, Choi D, Mayagoitia-Novales L. Testosterone and intrasexual competition in men: is there any relation with digit ratio (2D:4D)? Acta Ethol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-018-0284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Borráz-León JI, Cerda-Molina AL, Rantala MJ, Mayagoitia-Novales L. Choosing Fighting Competitors Among Men: Testosterone, Personality, and Motivations. Evol Psychol 2018; 16:1474704918757243. [PMID: 29558827 PMCID: PMC10480942 DOI: 10.1177/1474704918757243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher testosterone levels have been positively related to a variety of social behaviors and personality traits associated with intrasexual competition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of testosterone levels and personality traits such as aggressiveness, competitiveness, and self-esteem on the task of choosing a fighting competitor (a rival) with or without a motivation to fight. In Study 1, a group of 119 men participated in a task for choosing a rival through pictures of men with high-dominant masculinity versus low-dominant masculinity. Participants completed three personality questionnaires and donated two saliva samples (pre-test and post-test sample) to quantify their testosterone levels. We found that the probability of choosing high-dominant masculine men as rivals increased with higher aggressiveness scores. In Study 2, the task of choosing rivals was accompanied by motivations to fight (pictures of women with high or low waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]). In this context, we observed that the probability of choosing dominant masculine men as rivals depended on the WHR of the women. Overall, average levels of post-test testosterone, aggressiveness, and high self-esteem increased the probability to fight for women with low WHR independently of the dominance masculinity of the rivals. Our results indicate that human decisions, in the context of intrasexual competition and mate choice, are regulated by physiological and psychological mechanisms allowing men to increase their biological fitness. We discuss our results in the light of the plasticity of human behavior according to biological and environmental forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier I. Borráz-León
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Departamento de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz,” Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana Lilia Cerda-Molina
- Departamento de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz,” Ciudad de México, México
| | - Markus J. Rantala
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lilian Mayagoitia-Novales
- Departamento de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz,” Ciudad de México, México
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Cerda-Molina AL, Borráz-León JI, Mayagoitia-Novales L, Gaspar Del Río AT. [Cortisol reactivity and adult mental health in adults exposed to early violence: a systematic reviewReatividade do cortisol e saúde mental em adultos com exposição precoce à violência: uma revisão sistemática]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2017; 41:e171. [PMID: 31391846 PMCID: PMC6660856 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2017.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Analyze results with respect to cortisol reactivity (CR) in experimental stress paradigms in adults with or without a psychiatric disorder who suffered violence in early developmental stages (infancy or early adolescence); and use these results to propose a clinical tool to determine biological stress indicators. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using several databases and following PRISMA criteria; of a total of 231 articles, 16 satisfied the inclusion criteria and the results were analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS Despite heterogeneity, the results suggested that the people who suffered violence at an early age present a pattern of low CR. In contrast, people who also developed symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression, regardless of the type of violence, showed increased CR. The majority of studies focused on people who suffered childhood sexual abuse and half of the articles supported the hypothesis that CR is more pronounced in men than in women. CONCLUSIONS The results of this review suggest that cortisol hyperreactivity can be considered a biomarker for treatment and intervention in people with post-traumatic stress disorder and depression who suffered violence at an early age. The results also support evidence that experiencing violence alters stress response and mental health in the long term. However, it is necessary to conduct more studies, in particular studies on hyporeactivity and gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lilia Cerda-Molina
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Javier Iván Borráz-León
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Lilian Mayagoitia-Novales
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Alina Teresita Gaspar Del Río
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México.
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Abstract
Stress response is associated with increased activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Chronic stress-induced elevation in cortisol may alter its own negative regulation with multiple long-term consequences for physical and psychological health. One of the most reliable physical traits associated with mental, apparent physical health, and competitiveness is the degree of facial fluctuating asymmetry. However, to our knowledge there are no studies regarding the relationship between cortisol levels, facial symmetry and male competitiveness, and how cortisol changes after a stressful test depending on these traits. Here, a group of 100 college men were photographed to obtain their facial asymmetry levels. They then, answered the perceived stress scale and the intrasexual competition test and donated two saliva samples (pre-and post-test sample) to measure the change in their cortisol levels after a stressful test. We found that basal cortisol levels were positively correlated with both perceived stress and competitiveness, but not with facial fluctuating asymmetry. Cortisol levels increased in most symmetrical men after a short stressful test, but it decreased in most asymmetrical men. The results suggest differences in endocrine responses according to facial fluctuating asymmetry in men and how these responses could be related to the maintenance of social status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier I Borráz-León
- a Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences , National Autonomous University of Mexico , Mexico City , Mexico
- b Department of Ethology , National Institute of Psychiatry, "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz" , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Ana Lilia Cerda-Molina
- b Department of Ethology , National Institute of Psychiatry, "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz" , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Lilian Mayagoitia-Novales
- b Department of Ethology , National Institute of Psychiatry, "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz" , Mexico City , Mexico
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Borráz-León JI, Cerda-Molina AL, Mayagoitia-Novales L. Testosterone level changes after perceiving the body odour of a possible rival in human males: the role of facial symmetry. BEHAVIOUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An individual’s body odour is a characteristic that is used to obtain information about conspecifics. However, to our knowledge the role of body odour and the degree of facial symmetry on testosterone changes among men as indicators of possible rivals has not been investigated yet. A group of 113 men were photographed to obtain their degree of facial symmetry, i.e., the small random deviations in facial bilateral traits. They smelled and assessed the odour of men with different grades of facial symmetry, and donated two saliva samples (pre- and post-stimulus sample) to measure the change in their testosterone levels. We found that testosterone levels decreased in symmetrical men who perceived the odour of asymmetrical men. Our results suggest that men could perceive characteristics in other men that are highly valued by women through odour to identify possible rivals, and that the observed decrease in testosterone levels could be related to an inhibition of competitive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier I. Borráz-León
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Departamento de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana Lilia Cerda-Molina
- Departamento de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lilian Mayagoitia-Novales
- Departamento de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Ciudad de México, México
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Escobar-Ibarra I, Mayagoitia-Novales L, Alcántara-Barrera A, Cerda-Molina AL, Mondragón-Ceballos R, Ramírez-Necoechea R, Alonso-Spilsbury M. Long-term quantification of faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations reveals that Mexican grey wolves may habituate to captivity. The European Zoological Journal 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2017.1332111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I. Escobar-Ibarra
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, México, DF, Mexico
- Depto. de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Área de Investigación: Ecodesarrollo de la Producción Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, México, DF, Mexico
| | - L. Mayagoitia-Novales
- Depto. de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Tlalpan, México, DF, Mexico
| | - A. Alcántara-Barrera
- Depto. de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Área de Investigación: Ecodesarrollo de la Producción Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, México, DF, Mexico
| | - A. L. Cerda-Molina
- Depto. de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Tlalpan, México, DF, Mexico
| | - R. Mondragón-Ceballos
- Depto. de Etología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Tlalpan, México, DF, Mexico
| | - R. Ramírez-Necoechea
- Depto. de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Área de Investigación: Ecodesarrollo de la Producción Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, México, DF, Mexico
| | - M. Alonso-Spilsbury
- Depto. de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Área de Investigación: Ecodesarrollo de la Producción Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, México, DF, Mexico
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