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A pan-genome of 69 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions reveals a conserved genome structure throughout the global species range. Nat Genet 2024; 56:982-991. [PMID: 38605175 PMCID: PMC11096106 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Although originally primarily a system for functional biology, Arabidopsis thaliana has, owing to its broad geographical distribution and adaptation to diverse environments, developed into a powerful model in population genomics. Here we present chromosome-level genome assemblies of 69 accessions from a global species range. We found that genomic colinearity is very conserved, even among geographically and genetically distant accessions. Along chromosome arms, megabase-scale rearrangements are rare and typically present only in a single accession. This indicates that the karyotype is quasi-fixed and that rearrangements in chromosome arms are counter-selected. Centromeric regions display higher structural dynamics, and divergences in core centromeres account for most of the genome size variations. Pan-genome analyses uncovered 32,986 distinct gene families, 60% being present in all accessions and 40% appearing to be dispensable, including 18% private to a single accession, indicating unexplored genic diversity. These 69 new Arabidopsis thaliana genome assemblies will empower future genetic research.
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Tumor ablation and vertebral augmentation in the treatment of vertebral metastases: A multicenter study. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2023; 67:480-486. [PMID: 37084999 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment of metastatic vertebral fractures without neural compression is performed with percutaneous cementation techniques. The increase in intratumoral pressure by these techniques can send tumor cells into the bloodstream. To prevent this dissemination and improve pain treatment, ablation techniques have been introduced that would allow the creation of a cavity in the tumor prior to cementation or directly necrosing the metastasis when its size is small. MATERIAL We present the experience with ablation of two hospitals and two different ablation techniques. The first group used radiofrequency ablation (A) in 14 patients (26 vertebrae), 4 of whom underwent vertebral arthrodesis. The second group used microwave ablation (B) in 93 patients (129 lesions) without associated vertebral instrumentation. RESULTS In group A pain improvement in VAS was 7.7-2.6 at 6 weeks. There were no complications derived from the ablation. In most cases cementation was associated. In the group B pain improvement in VAS went from 6.8-1.7 at 6 weeks. Cementation was associated in all cases. There were no complications derived from the ablation. CONCLUSION The association of ablation techniques with vertebral cementation is a safe technique that significantly improves the patient's pain and can help control the disease.
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[Translated article] Tumor ablation and vertebral augmentation in the treatment of vertebral metastases: A multicenter study. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2023; 67:S480-S486. [PMID: 37541348 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment of metastatic vertebral fractures without neural compression is performed with percutaneous cementation techniques. The increase in intratumoral pressure by these techniques can send tumor cells into the bloodstream. To prevent this dissemination and improve pain treatment, ablation techniques have been introduced that would allow the creation of a cavity in the tumor prior to cementation or directly necrosing the metastasis when its size is small. MATERIAL We present the experience with ablation of two hospitals and two different ablation techniques. The first group used radiofrequency ablation (A) in 14 patients (26 vertebrae), 4 of whom underwent vertebral arthrodesis. The second group used microwave ablation (B) in 93 patients (129 lesions) without associated vertebral instrumentation. RESULTS In group A pain improvement in VAS was 7.7-2.6 at 6 weeks. There were no complications derived from the ablation. In most cases cementation was associated. In the group B pain improvement in VAS went from 6.8 to 1.7 at 6 weeks. Cementation was associated in all cases. There were no complications derived from the ablation. CONCLUSION The association of ablation techniques with vertebral cementation is a safe technique that significantly improves the patient's pain and can help control the disease.
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Self-adaptation of networks of nonidentical pulse-coupled excitatory and inhibitory oscillators in the presence of distance-related delays to achieve frequency synchronization. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:034211. [PMID: 37849137 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.034211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
We show that a network of nonidentical nodes, with excitable dynamics, pulse-coupled, with coupling delays depending on the Euclidean distance between nodes, is able to adapt the topology of its connections to obtain spike frequency synchronization. The adapted network exhibits remarkable properties: sparse, anticluster, necessary presence of a minimum of inhibitory nodes, predominance of connections from inhibitory nodes over those from excitatory nodes, and finally spontaneous spatial structuring of the inhibitory projections: the furthest are the most intense. In a second step, we discuss the possible implications of our findings to neural systems.
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A reference genome assembly for the Spotted Flycatcher (Muscicapa striata). Genome Biol Evol 2023:evad140. [PMID: 37506263 PMCID: PMC10402868 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Spotted Flycatcher (Muscicapa striata) forms with the Mediterranean Flycatcher (M. tyrrhenica) a newly recognized species pair of trans-Saharan migratory passerines. These flycatchers present a nested peripatric distribution, a pattern especially unusual among high dispersal species which questions the eco-evolutionary factors involved during the speciation process. Here, we present a genome assembly for M. striata assembled using a combination of Nanopore and Illumina sequences. The final assembly is 1.08 Gb long and consists of 4,779 contigs with an N50 of 3.2 Mb. The completeness of our M. striata genome assembly is supported by the number of BUSCO (95%) and UCE (4889/5041; 97.0%) loci retrieved. This assembly showed high synteny with the Ficedula albicollis reference genome, the closest species for which a chromosome scale reference genome is available. Several inversions were identified and will need to be investigated at the family level.
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Prospects of core–edge integrated no-ELM and small-ELM scenarios for future fusion devices. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2022.101308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Heterogeneity of management practices surrounding operable gallbladder cancer - results of the OMEGA-S international HPB surgical survey. HPB (Oxford) 2022; 24:2006-2012. [PMID: 35922277 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive, uncommon malignancy, with variation in operative approaches adopted across centres and few large-scale studies to guide practice. We aimed to identify the extent of heterogeneity in GBC internationally to better inform the need for future multicentre studies. METHODS A 34-question online survey was disseminated to members of the European-African Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (EAHPBA), American Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (AHPBA) and Asia-Pacific Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (A-PHPBA) regarding practices around diagnostic workup, operative approach, utilization of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies and surveillance strategies. RESULTS Two hundred and three surgeons responded from 51 countries. High liver resection volume units (>50 resections/year) organised HPB multidisciplinary team discussion of GBCs more commonly than those with low volumes (p < 0.0001). Management practices exhibited areas of heterogeneity, particularly around operative extent. Contrary to consensus guidelines, anatomical liver resections were favoured over non-anatomical resections for T3 tumours and above, lymphadenectomy extent was lower than recommended, and a minority of respondents still routinely excised the common bile duct or port sites. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest some similarities in the management of GBC internationally, but also specific areas of practice which differed from published guidelines. Transcontinental collaborative studies on GBC are necessary to establish evidence-based practice to minimise variation and optimise outcomes.
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No priming, just fighting-endophytic yeast attenuates the defense response and the stress induced by Dutch elm disease in Ulmus minor Mill. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2086-2099. [PMID: 35708521 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One century after the first report of Dutch elm disease (DED), there is still no practical solution for this problem threatening European and American elms (Ulmus spp.). The long breeding cycles needed to select resistant genotypes and the lack of efficient treatments keep disease incidence at high levels. In this work, the expression of defense-related genes to the causal agent of DED, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier, was analyzed in in vitro clonal plantlets from two DED-resistant and two DED-susceptible Ulmus minor Mill. trees. In addition, the effect of the inoculation of an endophytic pink-pigmented yeast (Cystobasidium sp.) on the plant's defense system was tested both individually and in combination with O. novo-ulmi. The multifactorial nature of the resistance to DED was confirmed, as no common molecular response was found in the two resistant genotypes. However, the in vitro experimental system allowed discrimination of the susceptible from the resistant genotypes, showing higher levels of oxidative damage and phenolic compounds in the susceptible genotypes after pathogen inoculation. Inoculation of the endophyte before O. novo-ulmi attenuated the plant molecular response induced by the pathogen and moderated oxidative stress levels. Niche competition, endophyte-pathogen antagonism and molecular crosstalk between the host and the endophyte are discussed as possible mechanisms of stress reduction. In sum, our results confirm the complex and heterogeneous nature of DED resistance mechanisms and highlight the possibility of using certain endophytic yeasts as biological tools to improve tree resilience against biotic stress.
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Methanobacterium alkalithermotolerans sp. nov., a novel alkaliphilic and hydrogen-utilizing methanogen isolated from an alkaline geothermal spring (La Crouen, New Caledonia). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [PMID: 36260502 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
An anaerobic, hydrogenotrophic methane-producing archaeon was isolated from an alkaline thermal spring (42 °C, pH 9.0) in New Caledonia. This methanogen, designated strain CANT, is alkaliphilic, thermotolerant, with Gram-positive staining non-motile cells. Strain CANT grows autotrophically using hydrogen exclusively as an energy source and carbon dioxide as the sole carbon source (without the requirement of yeast extract or other organic compounds). It grows at 20-45 °C (optimum, 45 °C) and pH 7.3-9.7 (optimum, pH 9.0). NaCl is not required for growth (optimum 0 %) but is tolerated up to 1.5 %. It resists novobiocin, streptomycin and vancomycin but is inhibited by ampicillin and penicillin, among other antibiotics. The genome consists of a circular chromosome (2.2 Mb) containing 2126 predicted protein-encoding genes with a G+C content of 36.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CANT is a member of the genus Methanobacterium, most closely related to the alkaliphilic Methanobacterium alcaliphilum WeN4T with 98.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity. The genomes of strain CANT and M. alcaliphilum DSM 3459, sequenced in this study, share 71.6 % average nucleotide identity and 14.0 % digital DNA-DNA hybridization. Therefore, phylogenetic and physiological results indicate that strain CANT represents a novel species, for which the name Methanobacterium alkalithermotolerans sp. nov. is proposed, and strain CANT (=DSM 102889T= JCM 31304T) is assigned as the type strain.
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P-191 Ampullary neoplasms – how to treat in real-world practice? A retrospective study. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.04.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Optimally frequency-synchronized networks of nonidentical Kuramoto oscillators. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:044211. [PMID: 34781506 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.044211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Based on a local greedy numerical algorithm, we compute the topology of weighted, directed, and unlimited extension networks of nonidentical Kuramoto oscillators which simultaneously satisfy two criteria: (i) global frequency synchronization and (ii) minimum total mass of the connection weights. This problem has been the subject of many previous interesting studies; in the present paper, no a priori constraint is imposed, either on the form or on the dynamics of the connections. The results are surprising: the optimal networks turn out to be strongly symmetric, to be very economical, and to display a strong rich club structure, and in addition to the already reported strong correlation between natural frequencies and the weight of incoming connections we also observe a correlation, even more marked, between these same natural frequencies and the weight of outgoing connections. The latter result is at odds with theoretical predictions.
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Nocardia infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: a multicenter international retrospective study of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (IDWP) of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). Clin Infect Dis 2021; 75:88-97. [PMID: 34596213 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nocardiosis is rare after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Little is known regarding its presentation, management, and outcome in this population. METHODS In this retrospective international study, we reviewed nocardiosis episodes in HCT recipients (01.01.2000-31.12.2018; 135 transplant centers; 33 countries) and described their clinical, microbiological, radiological, and outcome characteristics. RESULTS We identified 81 nocardiosis episodes in 74 allo- and 7 auto-HCT recipients. Nocardiosis occurred at a median of 8 (IQR 4-18) months post-HCT. The most frequently involved organs were lungs (70/81; 86%) and brain (30/81; 37%); 29 (36%) patients were afebrile; 46/81 (57%) had disseminated infections. The most common lung imaging findings were consolidations (33/68; 49%) or nodules (32/68; 47%); and brain imaging findings were multiple brain abscesses (19/30; 63%). 10/30 (33%) patients with brain involvement lacked neurological symptoms. 14/48 (29%) patients were bacteremic. N. farcinica was the most common among molecularly identified species (27%, 12/44). Highest susceptibility rates were reported to linezolid 45/45 (100%), amikacin 56/57 (98%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 57/63 (90%), and imipenem 49/57 (86%).One-year and last follow-up (IQR: 4-42.5 months) all-cause mortality were 40% (32/81) and 52% (42/81), respectively. In the multivariable analysis, underlying disease not in complete remission (HR 2.81, 95%CI 1.32-5.95), and prior bacterial infection (HR 3.42, 95%CI 1.62-7.22) were associated with higher one-year all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Nocardiosis is a late post-HCT infection usually manifesting as a pulmonary disease with frequent dissemination, brain infection and bacteremia. Brain imaging should be performed in HCT recipients with nocardiosis regardless of neurological symptoms. Overall mortality is high.
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Oral complaints in patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021; 26:e642-e650. [PMID: 34162819 PMCID: PMC8412454 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia belongs to proliferative diseases of the hematopoietic system. It is currently the leading indication for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This study was designed to determine the most common subjective oral mucosa complaints in patients with acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, in relation to the type of conditioning used. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia were assigned to two groups depending on the intensity of the conditioning regimen before transplantation: myeloablative and reduced-intensity chemotherapy. The oral symptoms were evaluated based on an authorial questionnaire designed for this analysis. The following oral mucosa subjective complaints were included: pain, paraesthesia, burning mouth sensation, taste disorders, excessive salivation, halitosis, and dryness of the oral mucosa. RESULTS The most commonly reported subjective oral complaint in the examined patients was xerostomia, which was found in 92% of patients during the second visit, followed by spontaneous pain in the mouth (55%), burning (36%), and dysgeusia (20%). It occurred significantly more frequently in patients who underwent myeloablative conditioning. Moreover, it was observed that the frequency of complaints increased considerably after the transplantation, reaching a peak intensity during the second week following the procedure. CONCLUSIONS Oral complaints significantly decrease the patients' quality of life during the transplantation and may lead to premature termination of the treatment. As the number of transplantations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia increases, further investigations of oral complaints and symptoms induced by the disease itself and by the therapeutic approaches are required.
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Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause serious damages on most crops. Here, we report a high-quality genome sequence of Meloidogyne exigua (population Mex1, Costa Rica), a major pathogen of coffee. Its mitogenome (20,974 bp) was first assembled and annotated. The nuclear genome was then constructed consisting of 206 contigs, with an N50 length of 1.89 Mb and a total assembly length of 42.1 Mb.
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Alkalicella caledoniensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel alkaliphilic anaerobic bacterium isolated from 'La Crouen' alkaline thermal spring, New Caledonia. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34003738 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel anaerobic, alkaliphilic, mesophilic, Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium was isolated from an alkaline thermal spring (42 °C, pH 9.0) in New Caledonia. This bacterium, designated strain LB2T, grew at 25-50 °C (optimum, 37 °C) and pH 8.2-10.8 (optimum, pH 9.5). Added NaCl was not required for growth (optimum, 0-1 %) but was tolerated up to 7 %. Strain LB2T utilized a limited range of substrates, such as peptone, pyruvate, yeast extract and xylose. End products detected from pyruvate fermentation were acetate and formate. Both ferric citrate and thiosulfate were used as electron acceptors. Elemental sulphur, nitrate, nitrite, fumarate, sulphate, sulfite and DMSO were not used as terminal electron acceptors. The two major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. The genome consists of a circular chromosome (3.7 Mb) containing 3626 predicted protein-encoding genes with a G+C content of 36.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate is a member of the family Proteinivoraceae, order Clostridiales within the phylum Firmicutes. Strain LB2T was most closely related to the thermophilic Anaerobranca gottschalkii LBS3T (93.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity). Genome-based analysis of average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization of strain LB2T with A. gottschalkii LBS3T showed respective values of 70.8 and 13.4 %. Based on phylogenetic, genomic, chemotaxonomic and physiological properties, strain LB2T is proposed to represent the first species of a novel genus, for which the name Alkalicella caledoniensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed (type strain LB2T=DSM 100588T=JCM 30958T).
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Tablets for all? Testing the screen inferiority effect with upper primary school students. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2021.101975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Clinical Implications of the Coexistence of Anemia and Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly Population. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:8745968. [PMID: 34708130 PMCID: PMC8545586 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8745968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and also anemia are common in the elderly and have a negative impact on the clinical outcomes of patients. The coexistence of anemia and DM seems to be insufficiently recognized; therefore, the aim of our study is to analyze the incidence and clinical consequences of this coexistence, including mortality, in the population of people aged ≥60. A retrospective study was conducted on 981 primary care clinic patients aged ≥60 during 2013-2014. The prevalence of coexistence of DM and anemia (defined in accordance with WHO) and data on the incidence of comorbidities, hospitalization, medical procedures, and all-cause mortality were analyzed. In the study population, 25% had DM, while 5.4% had both DM and anemia. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) was found in 48 patients (4.89%) of the entire study population, more often in men (p < 0.001). Diabetic patients with anemia compared to nonanemic diabetics had more comorbidities (median 4 (4, 5) vs. 3 (2-4); p < 0.001)-PAD more often (p = 0.004), more hospitalization (median 2 (0-11) vs. 0 (0-11); p < 0.001), and more frequent medical procedures (e.g., percutaneous coronary intervention (p < 0.001), coronary artery bypass surgery (p = 0.027), arteriography (p < 0.001), and bypass surgery or endovascular treatments of lower limb ischemia (p < 0.001)). The cumulative survival of patients with both DM and anemia vs. nonanemic diabetics at 36 months was 86.4% vs. 99.3% (p < 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression model showed anemia to be a significant risk factor for death in diabetic patients (p = 0.013). Patients with both DM and anemia have more comorbidities than nonanemic diabetic patients; they are more often hospitalized, require medical procedures more frequently, and are at a higher risk of death. Effective treatment of anemia in patients with DM is advisable and may well improve the prognosis of patients.
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Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a key role in intestinal development at the suckling-to-weaning transition. The objective of this study was to analyze the production of metabolites by the gut microbiota in suckling and weaned piglets. We studied piglets raised in two separate maternity farms and weaned at postnatal day 21 in the same farm. The fecal metabolome (1H nuclear magnetic resonance) and the microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) and its predicted functions (PICRUSt2) were analyzed in the same piglets during the suckling period (postnatal day 13) and 2 days after weaning (postnatal day 23). The relative concentrations of the bacterial metabolites methylamine, dimethylamine, cadaverine, tyramine, putrescine, 5-aminovalerate, succinate, and 3-(4-hydroxyphenylpropionate) were higher during the suckling period than after weaning. In contrast, the relative concentrations of the short-chain fatty acids acetate and propionate were higher after weaning than during the suckling period. The maternity of origin of piglets also influenced the level of some bacterial metabolites (propionate and isobutyrate). The fecal metabolome signatures observed in suckling and weaned piglets were associated with specific microbiota-predicted functionalities, structure, and diversity. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, which are differentially abundant between suckling and weaned piglets (e.g., short-chain fatty acids and biogenic amines), are known to regulate gut health. Thus, identification of metabolome signatures in suckling and weaned piglets paves the way for the development of health-promoting nutritional strategies, targeting the production of bacterial metabolites in early life.
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Continuous observation of filaments from the confined region to the far scrape-off layer. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Improved antifouling performance of polyester thin film nanofiber composite membranes prepared by interfacial polymerization. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ejaculated compared with epididymal stallion sperm vitrification. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 211:106205. [PMID: 31785641 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of trehalose and lactose extenders on ejaculated and epididymal stallion sperm vitrification. Ejaculated semen samples were collected from seven fertile stallions, and cauda epididymis samples were collected from ten stallion carcasses after slaughter. Both the ejaculated and the epididymis samples were diluted and vitrified using INRA 96® and bovine serum albumin as well as trehalose or lactose. As a control, ejaculated and epididymal samples were collected and frozen using the conventional method. Vitrification was performed by immersing sperm suspensions directly in LN2. After thawing or devitrification, there was assessment of samples for sperm motility using computer-assisted analysis. Viability was assessed using SYBR-14 and propidium iodide (PI) and acrosome integrity by fluorescein using isothiocyanate combined with peanut agglutinin (FITC-PNA) and PI. Epididymal sperm vitrification with trehalose (EPT) or lactose (EPL) resulted in greater progressive sperm motility than sperm of the control sample (EPC). After post-thaw/devitrification of sperm in the EPT group, sperm motility was greater (P<0.001) compared to that using EPL (50.72 ± 5.09% compared with 34.21 ± 3.02%). The results from assessment of ejaculated sperm samples after undergoing the vitrification process indicated cells were less viable (P<0.001) than the control (EJC) sample. In conclusion, vitrification of epididymal stallion sperm using trehalose might be a beneficial alternative for the long-term storage of sperm samples with great economic value. Spermatozoa from vitrified ejaculates of stallions, however, had lesser motility and viability rates than samples subjected to conventional freezing.
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Trifluridine/Tipiracil (TAS-102) in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: Real-world data of 13 oncological centers in Portugal. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz155.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Quality of life of the person with "Inflammatory Bowel Disease". Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz035.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Stationarity of I-mode operation and I-mode divertor heat fluxes on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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No report on Zika virus infection in EBMT registry: Infectious Diseases Working Party statement. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:1345-1346. [PMID: 28692024 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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[Joining forces for quality improvement in tuberculosis control]. NEDERLANDS TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR GENEESKUNDE 2017; 161:D868. [PMID: 28098042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the Netherlands is declining every year. We fear there may be a loss of knowledge and awareness of detecting TB in the new generation of medical specialists. As medical specialists a great challenge lies before us in maintaining the quality of TB control in the Netherlands. Collaboration between pulmonologist, infectious disease specialist, microbiologist and the public health services is a necessity. Here we describe how, in the region of Arnhem, we work closely with these medical specialists based on structural multidisciplinary meetings. We also describe two of the quality indicators - doctor's delay and HIV testing policy - which are included in the national plan for TB control for 2016-2020. We explain how we intend to maintain and improve the quality of TB control by means of our structural meetings and collaboration.
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Modeling human MLL-AF9 translocated acute myeloid leukemia from single donors reveals RET as a potential therapeutic target. Leukemia 2016; 31:1166-1176. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Azacitidine Use After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation—Results From the Polish Adult Leukemia Group. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:1802-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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EV466Characterization of the refugee population in a psychiatry clinic in Lisbon. Eur Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe refugee population has been a growing concern to the developed countries in general and to Europe in particular. The recent mass migrations are changing the population that is getting to the psychiatric hospitals, not only culturally but also pathologically. The aim of this study is to characterize the refugee population that contacts with the clinic of transcultural psychiatry in Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, understanding the most frequent pathologies and nationalities. The methods used consisted in analyzing the refugee population that attended a psychotherapeutic group and consultation in the Transcultural clinic of Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa during the past year. Analyzing the population, 66 refugees were in contact with the transcultural clinic, 44 of which were men, being the other 22 women, representing a total of 23 countries. The more frequent nationality was Iranian (20) and the most frequent diagnosis was “adjustment disorder and anxiety” (38). We can reach the conclusion that more refugee men contact with our psychiatric hospital than women, accounting for 66, 6% of the total; 30, 3% of the refugees were from Iran, followed by Pakistan with 10, 6%. The fact that the most frequent diagnosis is adjustment disorder and anxiety, accounting for 57, 6% of the sample, seems to point out the extreme stress refugees undergo.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Freeze-dried stallion spermatozoa: evaluation of two chelating agents and comparative analysis of three sperm DNA damage assays. Andrologia 2016; 48:900-906. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Increased risk of infections and infection-related mortality in children undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation compared to conventional anticancer therapy: a multicentre nationwide study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 22:179.e1-179.e10. [PMID: 26493843 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This nationwide multicentre study analysed the epidemiology of bacterial, viral and fungal infections in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and paediatric haematology and oncology (PHO) patients over a period of 24 consecutive months, including incidence, hazard risk and outcome of infections as well as occurrence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. During this period, 308 HSCTs were performed and 1768 children were newly diagnosed for malignancy. Compared to PHO, the risk in HSCT patients was significantly higher for all infections (hazard ratio (HR) 2.7), bacterial (HR 1.4), fungal (HR 3.5) and viral (HR 15.7) infections. The risk was higher in allo- than auto-HSCT for bacterial (HR 1.4), fungal (HR 3.2) and viral (HR 17.7) infections. The incidence of resistant bacteria was higher in HSCT than in PHO patients for both G-negative (72.5% vs. 59.2%) and G-positive (41.4% vs. 20.5%) strains. Cumulative incidence of bacterial, fungal and viral infections in HSCT patients was 33.9, 22.8 and 38.3%, respectively. Cumulative incidence of viral infections in allo-HSCT was 28.0% for cytomegalovirus, 18.5% for BK virus, 15.5% for Epstein-Barr virus, 9.5% for adenovirus, 2.6% for varicella zoster virus, 0.9% for influenza, 0.9% for human herpesvirus 6 and 0.3% for hepatitis B virus. Survival rates from infections were lower in HSCT than in PHO patients in bacterial (96.0 vs. 98.2%), fungal (75.5 vs. 94.6%) and most viral infections. In conclusion, the risk of any infections and the occurrence of resistant bacterial strains in allo-HSCT patients were higher than in auto-HSCT and PHO patients, while the outcome of infections was better in the PHO setting.
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THE COMBINED USE OF HONEY, GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM L.) AND SKIMMED MILK AS AN EXTENDER FOR CHILLING SHEEP SEMEN. CRYO LETTERS 2015; 36:243-251. [PMID: 26575999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugars are the energetic source for sperm to maintain the metabolic process, and the antibiotics slow down sperm degradation. OBJECTIVE To study the effects of rosemary honey as energy source and cryoprotectant in combination with garlic as a natural antibiotic on the quality of ram spermatozoa upon cooling. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ejaculates from three rams were evaluated at different times during cooling to determine its post-dilution quality. RESULTS Glycerol and dimethylformamide in conjunction with honey and garlic significantly improve the survival of spermatozoa. CONCLUSION The addition of honey and garlic reduces sperm deterioration when stored at 4 degree C.
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Effects of region of birth, educational level and age on late presentation among men who have sex with men newly diagnosed with HIV in a network of STI/HIV counselling and testing clinics in Spain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20. [PMID: 25884148 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.14.21088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyses late presentation (LP) of HIV infection, and its determinants, among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Spain, newly diagnosed with HIV (2003-2011) in 15 sexually transmitted infection/HIV counselling and testing clinics. LP was defined as <350 CD4 cells/µL or AIDS. In total, 3,081 MSM were included (2,499 having CD4/AIDS); overall LP was 25.3%. LP was higher in men older than 34 years, those not previously HIV-tested (adjusted odds ratio (aOR):3.1; 95% confidence intervals (CI):2.3-4.2) , and those tested > 12 months before diagnosis (12-24 months (aOR:1.4; 95% CI:1.0-2.0); > 24 months (aOR:2.2; 95% CI:1.7-3.0)). LP was less likely in MSM reporting a known HIV-infected partner as infection source or symptoms compatible with acute retroviral syndrome. 'Region of birth' interacted with 'educational level' and 'steady partner as infection source': only African and Latin-American MSM with low educational level were more likely to present late; Latin-American men attributing their infection to steady partner, but no other MSM, had LP more frequently. In Spain, HIV testing among MSM should be promoted, especially those > 34 years old and migrants with low educational level. The current recommendation that MSM be tested at least once a year is appropriate.
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Sage (Salvia officinalis) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) improve cryopreserved boar epididymal semen quality study. CRYO LETTERS 2015; 36:83-90. [PMID: 26017296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fennel and sage extracts and the influence of the egg yolk source (fresh or pasteurized) on the success of freezing boar epididymal spermatozoa. In experiment 1, epididymal sperm was recovered by flushing and cryopreserved in a lactose-egg yolk solution supplemented with various concentrations (10, 5 and 2.5 g/L) of sage or fennel. Sperm quality was evaluated (motility, viability, HOST and acrosome integrity) at 0 h and 2 h after thawing. Fennel 10 g/L and sage 5 g/L and control (no extracts) were selected for experiment 2 which also compared fresh or pasteurized egg yolk in the freezing extender and measured DNA integrity of the frozen sperm. Results showed that the interaction between fennel and sage antioxidants with fresh egg yolk significantly improved post thaw sperm quality and protected boar epididymal spermatozoa from cryopreservation damage as a result of oxidative stress.
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Phase instability in semiconductor lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:213902. [PMID: 25479495 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.213902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
For many years, the apparent absence of a phase instability has characterized lasers as peculiar nonlinear oscillators. We show that this unusual feature is solely due to the approximations used in writing the standard models. A new, careful derivation of the fundamental equations, based on codimension 2 bifurcation theory, shows the possible existence of dynamical regimes displaying either a pure phase instability, or mixed phase-amplitude turbulence. A comparison to existing experimental results convincingly shows that the Benjamin-Feir instability, common to all nonlinear wave problems, is a fundamental, satisfactory interpretation for their deterministic multimode dynamics.
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Antioxidant effect of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and mate tea (Ilex paraguensys) on quality, lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation of cryopreserved boar epididymal spermatozoa. Andrologia 2014; 47:1004-11. [PMID: 25382606 DOI: 10.1111/and.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the protective ability of the addition of two antioxidant herb extracts, mate tea and lemon balm, on boar epididymal frozen-thawed spermatozoa quality. Testes from mature boars were collected at local slaughterhouse, and sperm samples from epididymis were recovered by flushing. Spermatozoa were cryopreserved in lactose-egg yolk buffer supplemented with various concentrations of lemon balm and mate tea (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 g l(-1) ) using the straw-freezing procedure. Motion parameters, acrosome and plasma membrane integrity, lipoperoxidation levels and DNA oxidative damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine base lesion) were evaluated. There were no differences among experimental groups with regard to motility characteristics, viability, acrosome and plasma membrane integrity; however, the highest concentration of lemon balm produced significant (P < 0.05) improvement in curvilinear trajectory, straightness and amplitude of lateral head displacement after thawing. The supplementation of freezing extender with mate tea and lemon balm reduced sperm lipid membrane peroxidation, and only mate tea protected DNA against oxidative damage during cryopreservation at 120 min post-thawing (P < 0.05). Mate tea experimental extender at concentration of 10 g l(-1) showed the lowest percentage of sperm oxidised DNA and malondialdehyde generation; thus, mate tea is a potential candidate such as antioxidant compound on boar sperm cryopreservation medium.
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Current Status of Freeze-Drying Technology to Preserve Domestic Animals Sperm. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49 Suppl 4:72-81. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Equine sperm post-thaw evaluation after the addition of different cryoprotectants added to INRA 96® extender. Cryobiology 2014; 69:144-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Effect of different disaccharides on the integrity and fertilising ability of freeze-dried boar spermatozoa: a preliminary study. CRYO LETTERS 2014; 35:277-285. [PMID: 25282494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Freeze-drying spermatozoa is a developing technique that facilitates semen storage and transport. However, freeze-dried sperm exhibits impaired DNA integrity, which is associated with reduced fertilizing ability. Boar spermatozoa were freeze-dried in three different freeze-drying EDTA buffers with trehalose (75mM) and lactose (75mM) (EDTA-TL), (2) with sucrose (75mM) and lactose (75mM) (EDTA-SL) or just lactose (150mM) (EDTA-LL) using two freeze-drying protocols. In experiment 1 a one-step protocol was used and in experiment 2 a two-steps protocol was used. Spermatozoa were stored in1.5 mL cryo-tubes and 1.5 mL glass ampules at both 16 degree C and 25 degree C for 1 month. Successfully freeze-dried spermatozoa were stained with acridine-orange to assess chromatin stability. Freeze-drying was most successful when the 2-step protocol was used (experiment 2). Chromatin stability was greater in samples stored in glass ampules compared to cryo tubes. Chromatin stability was also greater in samples freeze-dried in EDTA-LL compared to EDTA-SL or EDTA-TL buffers. Spermatozoa freeze-dried in EDTA-LL and stored for 14 and 28 days at either 16 degree C or 25 degree C were utilized for ICSI. Two pronuclear formation wasgreatest using spermatozoa stored at 25 degree C (69.23%) and for 28 days (50%). Although 16 degree C spermatozoa samples had better stable chromatin, 25 degree C spermatozoa samples offered better two pronuclear formation results. In conclusion, boar spermatozoa freeze-dried using media containing disaccharides exhibit high chromatin stability and are able to fertilise oocytes following ICSI. Disaccharides may therefore advance the development of freeze-drying techniques for spermatozoa enabling ease of sperm storage and transportation.
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Effect ofCamellia sinensissupplementation and increasing holding time on quality of cryopreserved boar semen. Andrologia 2014; 47:505-12. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Population clustering and clonal structure evidence the relict state of Ulmus minor Mill. in the Balearic Islands. Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 113:21-31. [PMID: 24619184 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2014.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Field elm (Ulmus minor) is a riparian tree that grows in rare, small populations scattered along temporary watercourses in the Balearic Islands, nowadays mostly covered with Mediterranean vegetation. Agriculture and farming on the fertile land along the periodically flooded plains have reduced the elm populations to sparse tree lines along the creek beds. The presence of field elm in this very anthropic landscape has led some authors to consider it as an introduced species in the Balearics. However, pollen data suggest these elms may be the remains of larger populations experiencing continuous population shrinkage during the Holocene, and hence be native to the isles. In this paper, we apply genetic markers to assess whether field elm is or is not indigenous to the Balearic Islands. We compare the genetic variation in nine nuclear microsatellites of six Balearic populations (three in each of the largest islands, Majorca and Minorca) with that of three natural Iberian populations located in two regions, one geologically (Baetic mountains, SE Iberia) and another historically (Catalonia, NE Iberia) related to the islands. Principal coordinates analysis and Bayesian clustering methods reveal a strong genetic differentiation of the Balearic populations from the Iberian ones, and even among islands, which support their native origin. Genotypic variation in the islands is very low and clonal reproduction is very high compared with the mainland, as it is frequently observed in populations of clonal species where sexual reproduction is limited. We discuss the practical implications of these findings for the conservation of elm genetic resources of these findings.
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Signatures of volcanism and aridity in the evolution of an insular pine (Pinus canariensis Chr. Sm. Ex DC in Buch). Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 113:240-9. [PMID: 24619181 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2014.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oceanic islands of volcanic origin provide useful templates for the study of evolution because they are subjected to recurrent perturbations that generate steep environmental gradients that may promote adaptation. Here we combine population genetic data from nuclear genes with the analysis of environmental variation and phenotypic data from common gardens to disentangle the confounding effects of demography and selection to identify the factors of importance for the evolution of the insular pine P. canariensis. Eight nuclear genes were partially sequenced in a survey covering the entire species range, and phenotypic traits were measured in four common gardens from contrasting environments. The explanatory power of population substrate age and environmental indices were assessed against molecular and phenotypic diversity estimates. In addition, neutral genetic variability (FST) and the genetic differentiation of phenotypic variation (QST) were compared in order to identify the evolutionary forces acting on these traits. Two key factors in the evolution of the species were identified: (1) recurrent volcanic activity has left an imprint in the genetic diversity of the nuclear genes; (2) aridity in southern slopes promotes local adaptation in the driest localities of P. canariensis, despite high levels of gene flow among populations.
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[Diaphragmatic defect, congenital heart disease, agonadism: a new case of PAGOD syndrome]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2014; 81:e34-5. [PMID: 24582125 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Cryopreservation of epididymal stallion sperm. Cryobiology 2014; 68:91-5. [PMID: 24412395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Any event that makes semen collection or mating impossible, such as death, castration, or injury, may terminate a stallion's breeding career. Fortunately, stallion sperm which are capable of fertilization can be harvested from the epididymis, and frozen for future use. However, the fertility of frozen-thawed epididymal sperm has been found to be lower than that of ejaculated sperm. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the fertility of frozen epididymal stallion sperm by investigating the effects of different cryoprotectants and freezing protocols on sperm quality. Dimethylformamide was tested alone or combination with pasteurized egg yolk as substitute of fresh egg yolk. In addition, the effect of the pre-freeze stabilization on sperm quality was analyzed. Heterospermic samples obtained from stallion epididymis were collected and cryopreserved in lactose-egg-yolk extender or in the same extender with varying content of cryoprotectant and content of egg yolk, stabilized and no-stabilized. Sperm motility, viability, hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) and acrosome integrity were evaluated post-thawing. No improvement was observed on the replacement of fresh yolk by pasteurized egg yolk, whereas the results suggest that dimethylformamide is a cryoprotectant suitable for cryopreservation of equine epididymal semen, even better than glycerol. In addition, we found that the stabilization before freezing on epididymal stallion sperm, can improve sperm quality parameters.
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Improving reading comprehension: From metacognitive intervention on strategies to the intervention on working memory executive processes. UNIVERSITAS PSYCHOLOGICA 2013. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy12-5.ircm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Extending glacial refugia for a European tree: genetic markers show that Iberian populations of white elm are native relicts and not introductions. Heredity (Edinb) 2013; 112:105-13. [PMID: 24022495 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation policies usually focus on in situ protection of native populations, a priority that requires accurate assessment of population status. Distinction between native and introduced status can be particularly difficult (and at the same time, is most important) for species whose natural habitat has become both rare and highly fragmented. Here, we address the status of the white elm (Ulmus laevis Pallas), a European riparian tree species whose populations have been fragmented by human activity and is protected wherever it is considered native. Small populations of this species are located in Iberia, where they are unprotected because they are considered introductions due to their rarity. However, Iberia and neighbouring regions in southwestern France have been shown to support discrete glacial refuge populations of many European trees, and the possibility remains that Iberian white elms are native relicts. We used chloroplast RFLPs and nuclear microsatellites to establish the relationship between populations in Iberia and the Central European core distribution. Bayesian approaches revealed significant spatial structure across populations. Those in Iberia and southwestern France shared alleles absent from Central Europe, and showed spatial population structure within Iberia common in recognized native taxa. Iberian populations show a demographic signature of ancient population bottlenecks, while those in Central European show a signature of recent population bottlenecks. These patterns are not consistent with historical introduction of white elm to Iberia, and instead strongly support native status, arguing for immediate implementation of conservation measures for white elm populations in Spain and contiguous areas of southern France.
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Pilot-randomized controlled trial of contraceptive use at 3 months postabortion. Contraception 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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PP162-SUN PROTOCOLIZATION OF NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTION IN A MID-TERM STAY HOSPITAL: RESULTS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS. Clin Nutr 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(13)60207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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PP156-MON PROTOCOLIZATION OF NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT IN A MID-TERM STAY HOSPITAL. Clin Nutr 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(13)60467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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