1
|
Gandra RM, McCarron P, Viganor L, Fernandes MF, Kavanagh K, McCann M, Branquinha MH, Santos ALS, Howe O, Devereux M. In vivo Activity of Copper(II), Manganese(II), and Silver(I) 1,10-Phenanthroline Chelates Against Candida haemulonii Using the Galleria mellonella Model. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:470. [PMID: 32265890 PMCID: PMC7105610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida haemulonii is an emerging opportunistic pathogen resistant to most antifungal drugs currently used in clinical arena. Metal complexes containing 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) chelating ligands have well-established anti-Candida activity against different medically relevant species. This study utilized larvae of Galleria mellonella, a widely used model of in vivo infection, to examine C. haemulonii infection characteristics in response to different copper(II), manganese(II), and silver(I) chelates containing phen, which had demonstrated potent anti-C. haemulonii activity in a previous study. The results showed that C. haemulonii virulence was influenced by inoculum size and incubation temperature, and the host G. mellonella immune response was triggered in an inoculum-dependent manner reflected by the number of circulating immune cells (hemocytes) and observance of larval melanization process. All test chelates were non-toxic to the host in concentrations up to 10 μg/larva. The complexes also affected the G. mellonella immune system, affecting the hemocyte number and the expression of genes encoding antifungal and immune-related peptides (e.g., inducible metalloproteinase inhibitor protein, transferrin, galiomycin, and gallerimycin). Except for [Ag2(3,6,9-tdda)(phen)4].EtOH (3,6,9-tddaH2 = 3,6,9-trioxoundecanedioic acid), all chelates were capable of affecting the fungal burden of infected larvae and the virulence of C. haemulonii in a dose-dependent manner. This work shows that copper(II), manganese(II), and silver(I) chelates containing phen with anti-C. haemulonii activity are capable of (i) inhibiting fungal proliferation during in vivo infection, (ii) priming an immune response in the G. mellonella host and (iii) affecting C. haemulonii virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Gandra
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centre for Biomimetic and Therapeutic Research, Focas Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pauraic McCarron
- Centre for Biomimetic and Therapeutic Research, Focas Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Livia Viganor
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centre for Biomimetic and Therapeutic Research, Focas Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mariana Farias Fernandes
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kevin Kavanagh
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Malachy McCann
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Marta H Branquinha
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André L S Santos
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Orla Howe
- Centre for Biomimetic and Therapeutic Research, Focas Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biological & Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Devereux
- Centre for Biomimetic and Therapeutic Research, Focas Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jakobsen V, Viganor L, Blanco-Fernández A, Howe O, Devereux M, McKenzie CJ, McKee V. Tetrameric and polymeric silver complexes of the omeprazole scaffold; synthesis, structure, in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities and DNA interaction. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 186:317-328. [PMID: 30025225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Two complexes [AgI(pmtbH)]4 (1) and {[Ag4(pmtbH)4(NO3)4·2X}n (2) (where pmtbH is 2-[(2-pyridinylmethyl)thio]-1H-benzimidazole and X is H2O or MeOH) were synthesised and structurally characterised. Complex 2 showed therapeutic potential against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but complex 1 did not show significant activity in vitro. Further in vivo studies using larvae of the insect Galleria mellonella indicated that complex 2 significantly stimulates the immune system and that pre-treatment with the complex offers appreciable protection against all three bacteria. Real-time flow cytometry data support the observed antimicrobial profile of complex 2 and suggest the antimicrobial response may be linked to a form of bacterial programmed cell death (PCD). Complex 2 was found to interact with DNA in the bacterial and fungal cells but it did not cleave plasmid DNA isolated from the three bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibe Jakobsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Livia Viganor
- The Centre for Biomimetic and Therapeutic Research, FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Alfonso Blanco-Fernández
- UCD-Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Howe
- The Centre for Biomimetic and Therapeutic Research, FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Michael Devereux
- The Centre for Biomimetic and Therapeutic Research, FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Christine J McKenzie
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Vickie McKee
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Viganor L, Howe O, McCarron P, McCann M, Devereux M. The Antibacterial Activity of Metal Complexes Containing 1,10- phenanthroline: Potential as Alternative Therapeutics in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance. Curr Top Med Chem 2017; 17:1280-1302. [PMID: 27697043 DOI: 10.2174/1568026616666161003143333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The "antibiotic era", characterized by the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, over the last half-century has culminated in the present critical "era of resistance". The treatment of bacterial infections is challenging because of a decline in the current arsenal of useful antibiotics and the slow rate of new drug development. The discovery of a new gene (mcr-1) in 2015, which enables bacteria to be highly resistant to polymyxins (such as colistin), the last line of antibiotic defence left, heralds a new level of concern as this gene is susceptible to horizontal gene transfer, with alarming potential to be spread between different bacterial populations, suggesting that the progression from "extensive drug resistance" to "pan-drug resistance" may be inevitable. Clearly there is a need for the development of novel classes of anti-bacterial agents capable of killing bacteria through mechanisms that are different to those of the known classes of antibiotics. 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) is a heterocyclic organic compound which exerts in vitro antimicrobial activity against a broad-spectrum of bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of phen can be significantly modulated by modifying its structure. The development of metal-phen complexes offers the medicinal chemist an opportunity to expand such structural diversity by controlling the geometry and varying the oxidation states of the metal centre, with the inclusion of appropriate auxiliary ligands in the structure, offering the opportunity to target different biochemical pathways in bacteria. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about the antibacterial capability of metal-phen complexes and their mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Viganor
- The Centre for Biomimetic and Therapeutic Research, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Orla Howe
- The Centre for Biomimetic and Therapeutic Research, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Pauraic McCarron
- The Centre for Biomimetic and Therapeutic Research, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Malachy McCann
- Chemistry Department, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Michael Devereux
- College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Viganor L, Skerry C, McCann M, Devereux M. Tuberculosis: An Inorganic Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. Curr Med Chem 2016; 22:2199-224. [PMID: 25850770 DOI: 10.2174/0929867322666150408112357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) which is caused by the resilient pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has re-emerged to become a leading public health problem in the world. The growing number of multi-drug resistant MTB strains and the more recently emerging problem with the extensively drug resistant strains of the pathogen are greatly undermining conventional anti-TB therapeutic strategies which are lengthy and expose patients to toxicity and other unwanted side effects. The search for new anti-TB drugs essentially involves either the repurposing of existing organic drugs which are now off patent and already FDA approved, the synthesis of modified analogues of existing organic drugs, with the aim of shortening and improving drug treatment for the disease, or the search for novel structures that offer the possibility of new mechanisms of action against the mycobacterium. Inorganic medicinal chemistry offers an alternative to organic drugs through opportunities for the design of therapeutics that target different biochemical pathways. The incorporation of metal ions into the molecular structure of a potential drug offers the medicinal chemist an opportunity to exploit structural diversity, have access to various oxidation states of the metal and also offer the possibility of enhancing the activity of an established organic drug through its coordination to the metal centre. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about the antitubercular capability of metal complexes, their mechanisms of action and speculate on their potential applications in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Devereux
- College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Viganor L, Galdino ACM, Nunes APF, Santos KRN, Branquinha MH, Devereux M, Kellett A, McCann M, Santos ALS. Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity of 1,10-phenanthroline-based drugs against both planktonic- and biofilm-growing cells. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 71:128-34. [PMID: 26416778 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The beneficial antimicrobial properties of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)-based drugs, together with the imperative need to develop new chemotherapeutic options for prevention/treatment of infections caused by MDR Gram-negative bacteria, led us to evaluate the effects of phen, 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione), [Ag(phendione)2]ClO4 and [Cu(phendione)3](ClO4)2·4H2O on planktonic- and biofilm-growing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS Thirty-two non-duplicated Brazilian clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa with distinct genetic backgrounds were used in all experiments. The effect of test compounds on planktonic bacterial proliferation was determined as recommended by CLSI protocol. The effect on biofilm formation was evaluated by crystal violet incorporation (biomass determination) and XTT (viability assay). Mature biofilm disorganization was evidenced by staining with crystal violet. RESULTS Phen-based compounds presented anti-P. aeruginosa activity, but with different potencies concerning the geometric mean MIC: [Cu(phendione)3](2+) (7.76 μM) > [Ag(phendione)2](+) (14.05 μM) > phendione (31.15 μM) > phen (579.28 μM). MICs of each compound were similar irrespective of whether the P. aeruginosa isolates were susceptible or resistant to classical antimicrobials (ceftazidime, meropenem and imipenem). The pretreatment of bacteria with phen, phendione and phendione's metal derivatives at 0.5 × MIC value inhibited biofilm formation, particularly the use of [Cu(phendione)3](2+) and [Ag(phendione)2](+), which significantly reduced both biomass (48% and 44%, respectively) and viability (78% and 77%, respectively). The compounds studied also disrupted mature biofilm in a dose-dependent manner, especially [Ag(phendione)2](+) and [Cu(phendione)3](2+) (IC50, 9.39 and 10.16 μM, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Coordination of phendione to Ag(+) and Cu(2+) represents a new promising group of anti-infective agents, which revealed a potent anti-P. aeruginosa action against both planktonic- and biofilm-growing cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Viganor
- General Microbiology Department, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil The Inorganic Pharmaceutical and Biomimetic Research Centre, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna Clara M Galdino
- General Microbiology Department, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Biochemistry Post-Graduation Programme, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula F Nunes
- Pathology Department and Infection Diseases Post-Graduation Programme, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Kátia R N Santos
- Medical Microbiology Department, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta H Branquinha
- General Microbiology Department, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michael Devereux
- The Inorganic Pharmaceutical and Biomimetic Research Centre, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Kellett
- School of Chemical Sciences and the National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Malachy McCann
- Chemistry Department, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - André L S Santos
- General Microbiology Department, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil The Inorganic Pharmaceutical and Biomimetic Research Centre, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|