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Roccuzzo G, Bongiovanni E, Tonella L, Pala V, Marchisio S, Ricci A, Senetta R, Bertero L, Ribero S, Berrino E, Marchiò C, Sapino A, Quaglino P, Cassoni P. Emerging prognostic biomarkers in advanced cutaneous melanoma: a literature update. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:49-66. [PMID: 38334382 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2314574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past two years, the scientific community has witnessed an exponential growth in research focused on identifying prognostic biomarkers for melanoma, both in pre-clinical and clinical settings. This surge in studies reflects the need of developing effective prognostic indicators in the field of melanoma. AREAS COVERED The aim of this work is to review the scientific literature on the most recent findings on the development or validation of prognostic biomarkers in melanoma, in the attempt of providing both clinicians and researchers with an updated broad synopsis of prognostic biomarkers in cutaneous melanoma. EXPERT OPINION While the field of prognostic biomarkers in melanoma appears promising, there are several complexities and limitations to address. The interdependence of clinical, histological, and molecular features requires accurate classification of different biomarker families. Correlation does not imply causation, and adjustments for confounding factors are often overlooked. In this scenario, large-scale studies based on high-quality clinical trial data can provide more reliable evidence. It is essential to avoid oversimplification by focusing on a single biomarker, as the interactions among multiple factors contribute to define the disease course and patient's outcome. Furthermore, implementing well-supported evidence in real-life settings can help advance prognostic biomarker research in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Roccuzzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bongiovanni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Tonella
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Pala
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Marchisio
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Ricci
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rebecca Senetta
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Berrino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Caterina Marchiò
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Sapino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Rubatto M, Borriello S, Sciamarrelli N, Pala V, Tonella L, Ribero S, Quaglino P. Exploring the role of epigenetic alterations and non-coding RNAs in melanoma pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Melanoma Res 2023; 33:462-474. [PMID: 37788101 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a rare but highly lethal type of skin cancer whose incidence is increasing globally. Melanoma is characterized by high resistance to therapy and relapse. Despite significant advances in the treatment of metastatic melanoma, many patients experience progression due to resistance mechanisms. Epigenetic changes, including alterations in chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA rearrangements, contribute to neoplastic transformation, metastasis, and drug resistance in melanoma. This review summarizes current research on epigenetic mechanisms in melanoma and their therapeutic potential. Specifically, we discuss the role of histone acetylation and methylation in gene expression regulation and melanoma pathobiology, as well as the promising results of HDAC inhibitors and DNMT inhibitors in clinical trials. We also examine the dysregulation of non-coding RNA, particularly miRNAs, and their potential as targets for melanoma therapy. Finally, we highlight the challenges of epigenetic therapies, such as the complexity of epigenetic mechanisms combined with immunotherapies and the need for combination therapies to overcome drug resistance. In conclusion, epigenetic changes may be reversible, and the use of combination therapy between traditional therapies and epigenetically targeted drugs could be a viable solution to reverse the increasing number of patients who develop treatment resistance or even prevent it. While several clinical trials are underway, the complexity of these mechanisms presents a significant challenge to the development of effective therapies. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of epigenetic mechanisms in melanoma and to develop more effective and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rubatto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
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Rubatto M, Sciamarrelli N, Borriello S, Pala V, Mastorino L, Tonella L, Ribero S, Quaglino P. Classic and new strategies for the treatment of advanced melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:959289. [PMID: 36844955 PMCID: PMC9947410 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.959289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are burdened with a dismal prognosis. To improve the survival of these patients, studies on immunotherapy and target therapies in melanoma and NMSCs are rapidly increasing. BRAF and MEK inhibitors improve clinical outcomes, and anti-PD1 therapy demonstrates better results than chemotherapy or anti-CTLA4 therapy in terms of the survival of patients with advanced melanoma. In recent years, the combination therapy of nivolumab plus ipilimumab has gained ground in studies for its survival and response rate benefits in patients with advanced melanoma. In addition, neoadjuvant treatment for stages III and IV melanoma, either as monotherapy or combination therapy, has recently been discussed. Another promising strategy evaluated in recent studies is the triple combination of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and anti-BRAF plus anti-MEK targeted therapy. On the contrary, in advanced and metastatic BCC, successful therapeutic strategies, such as vismodegib and sonidegib, are based on the inhibition of aberrant activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In these patients, anti-PD-1 therapy with cemiplimab should be reserved as the second-line therapy in case of disease progression or poor response. In patients with locally advanced or metastatic SCC, who are not candidates for surgery or radiotherapy, anti-PD1 agents such as cemiplimab, pembrolizumab, and cosibelimab (CK-301) have shown significant results in terms of response rate. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, such as avelumab, have also been used in Merkel carcinoma, achieving responses in half of the patients with advanced disease. The latest prospect emerging for MCC is the locoregional approach involving the injection of drugs that can stimulate the immune system. Two of the most promising molecules used in combination with immunotherapy are cavrotolimod (a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist) and a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist. Another area of study is cellular immunotherapy with natural killer cells stimulated with an IL-15 analog or CD4/CD8 cells stimulated with tumor neoantigens. Neoadjuvant treatment with cemiplimab in CSCCs and nivolumab in MCCs has shown promising results. Despite the successes of these new drugs, the new challenges ahead will be to select patients who will benefit from these treatments based on biomarkers and parameters of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvia Borriello
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Pala
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Mastorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Tonella
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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Gullo G, Rubatto M, Fava P, Brizio M, Tonella L, Ribero S, Medri M, Avallone G, Mastorino L, Fierro MT, Stanganelli I, Quaglino P. Cutaneous side effects and types of dermatological reactions in metastatic melanoma patients treated by immunotherapies or targeted therapies: A retrospective single center study. Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15492. [PMID: 35384181 PMCID: PMC9287008 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy and target therapy have revolutionized treatment of stage III/IV melanoma. Both treatments show a favorable toxicity profile even if cutaneous adverse events (AEs) are frequent (30%-40% of cases). This is a retrospective single center cohort study that included patients with stage IV or inoperable stage III metastatic melanoma (AJCC 8th) who received BRAFi + MEKi therapy or immunotherapy with Checkpoint inhibitors. All cutaneous AEs were ascertained by a dermatologist based on clinical and histological findings. The primary outcome was to provide a detailed clinical dermatological classification of cutaneous adverse events and an evaluation of the incidence of skin toxicity in the two arms of therapy (immunotherapy and target therapy). A total of 286 patients with stages III-IV metastatic melanoma were included: 146 received immunotherapy and 140 target therapy. In the immunotherapy cohort, 63 (43.1%) cutaneous reactions were observed while 33 skin reactions (23.6%) were identified in patients treated with target therapy. All the skin toxicities observed were grade I, excepted four cases: an erythema multiforme-like eruption, a grade III psoriasis and two grade III maculopapular rashes. Immunotherapy in older age resulted statistically related to skin toxicities (p = 0.011), meanly in metastatic setting (p = 0.011). Cumulative incidence of skin toxicities was 65.63% in immunotherapy cohort (p = 0.001). Also multivariate logistic regression shows a significant association between skin adverse events and immunotherapy (odds ratio [OR] = 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29-0.85, p: 0.01) and between cutaneous AEs and metastatic setting (OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.04-3.74, p: 0.04). We have also shown that as the age of initiation of therapy increases the probability of developing skin toxicity grows. However, stratifying by type of therapies the effect of age persists only in immunotherapy (OD: 1.04; CI: 1.01-1.06; p: 0.04) while for target therapy age does not affect the onset of skin toxicity (OD 1.01; CI 0.98-1.04; p = 0.42). No differences were shown between patients on target therapy and immunotherapy regarding gender. Patients were also evaluated regarding concomitant therapies and seems that Levotyroxine may be involved in AEs during immunotherapy treatment. More studies are needed to deepen this aspect, also considering the medical history and diverse drug associations. Cutaneous adverse events are characterized by heterogeneous manifestations, are more often seen in patients on immunotherapy and dermatologists can play a crucial role in multidisciplinary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Marco Rubatto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Paolo Fava
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Matteo Brizio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Luca Tonella
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Matelda Medri
- Skin Cancer UnitIstituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)MeldolaItaly
| | - Gianluca Avallone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Luca Mastorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Maria Teresa Fierro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Ignazio Stanganelli
- Skin Cancer UnitIstituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)MeldolaItaly
- Medicine and Surgery DepartmentUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
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Amabile S, Tonella L, Rubatto M, Argenziano G, Babino G, Frascione P, Dika E, Giacomelli L, Parodi A, Quaglino P. Clinical evaluation of hydration index using a corneometer in metastatic melanoma patients treated with BRAF/MEK inhibitors: a prospective study. Eur J Dermatol 2022; 32:ejd.2022.4198. [PMID: 35153191 PMCID: PMC9170549 DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2022.4198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Amabile
- Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Tonella
- Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Rubatto
- Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Pasquale Frascione
- Oncological Dermatology and Skin Tumor Prevention Unit, Dermatological Hospital “San Gallicano”, Rome, Italy
| | - Emi Dika
- Dermatology, IRCCS of Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Aurora Parodi
- Dermatologic Clinic, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
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Gallo G, Mastorino L, Tonella L, Ribero S, Quaglino P. Alopecia areata after COVID-19 vaccination. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2022; 11:129-132. [PMID: 35223675 PMCID: PMC8844677 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.1.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are authorized for use in numerous countries worldwide. Several cutaneous findings are reported after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) vaccination. Here, we report the case of a patient with a rapid onset of alopecia areata immediately after receiving the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Alopecia areata is a common autoimmune disease leading to non-scarring hair loss. Among the many cutaneous adverse effects reported after the anti-SARS-COV2 vaccination, no episodes of alopecia areata have been described to date. In this paper, we report the first case of alopecia areata after COVID-19 vaccination described in the literature with a revision of cases of alopecia areata reported after other types of vaccination. Although the significance of these skin reactions is not yet known, further studies will certainly clarify whether the development of alopecia areata or other forms of immune-mediated reactions could represent a positive prognostic factor regarding immune protection from SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gallo
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Mastorino
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Tonella
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Avallone G, Astrua C, Fava P, Tonella L, Mastorino L, Agostini A, Merli M, Rubatto M, De Pasquale R, Conti L, Quaglino P, Ribero S. Acute appendicitis secondary to desmoplastic melanoma metastasis in immune-checkpoint inhibitors era. Melanoma Res 2021; 31:589-591. [PMID: 34456328 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Avallone
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin, Turin
| | - Chiara Astrua
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin, Turin
| | - Paolo Fava
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin, Turin
| | - Luca Tonella
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin, Turin
| | - Luca Mastorino
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin, Turin
| | - Andrea Agostini
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin, Turin
| | - Martina Merli
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin, Turin
| | - Marco Rubatto
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin, Turin
| | - Rocco De Pasquale
- Department of Dermatology, Vittorio Emanuele Polyclinic Hospital, Catania
| | - Luca Conti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Surgical Pathology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin, Turin
| | - Simone Ribero
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin, Turin
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Amabile S, Roccuzzo G, Pala V, Tonella L, Rubatto M, Merli M, Fava P, Ribero S, Fierro MT, Queirolo P, Quaglino P. Clinical Significance of Distant Metastasis-Free Survival (DMFS) in Melanoma: A Narrative Review from Adjuvant Clinical Trials. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235475. [PMID: 34884176 PMCID: PMC8658595 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is the most dangerous skin cancer, with high death rates in advanced stages. To assess the impact of each treatment on patient outcomes, most studies use relapse-free survival (RFS) as a primary endpoint and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) as a secondary endpoint. The aim of this narrative review of the main adjuvant studies for resected stage III/IV melanoma, with a specific focus on DMFS, is to evaluate DMFS trends and their potential association with RFS, identify which treatments are possibly associated with better outcomes in terms of DMFS and their potential predictive factors, and discuss DMFS trends in terms of patient management in daily practice. We outline the impact of each available treatment option on DMFS and RFS according to the years of follow-up and compare data from different studies. Overall, the trends of DMFS closely follow those of RFS, with most patients relapsing at visceral rather than regional sites. As it captures the burden of patients who develop distant relapse, DMFS could be considered a primary endpoint, in addition to RFS, in adjuvant trials, identifying patients whose relapse is associated with a worse prognosis and who may need further systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Amabile
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Gabriele Roccuzzo
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-01-1633-5843
| | - Valentina Pala
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Luca Tonella
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Marco Rubatto
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Martina Merli
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Paolo Fava
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Simone Ribero
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Maria Teresa Fierro
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Paola Queirolo
- Division of Medical Oncology for Melanoma, Sarcoma, and Rare Tumors, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), European Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
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Pellegrini M, D’Eusebio C, Ponzo V, Tonella L, Finocchiaro C, Fierro MT, Quaglino P, Bo S. Nutritional Interventions for Patients with Melanoma: From Prevention to Therapy-An Update. Nutrients 2021; 13:4018. [PMID: 34836273 PMCID: PMC8624488 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer, whose incidence rates have increased over the past few decades. Risk factors for melanoma are both intrinsic (genetic and familiar predisposition) and extrinsic (environment, including sun exposure, and lifestyle). The recent advent of targeted and immune-based therapies has revolutionized the treatment of melanoma, and research is focusing on strategies to optimize them. Obesity is an established risk factor for several cancer types, but its possible role in the etiology of melanoma is controversial. Body mass index, body surface area, and height have been related to the risk for cutaneous melanoma, although an 'obesity paradox' has been described too. Increasing evidence suggests the role of nutritional factors in the prevention and management of melanoma. Several studies have demonstrated the impact of dietary attitudes, specific foods, and nutrients both on the risk for melanoma and on the progression of the disease, via the effects on the oncological treatments. The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the main literature results regarding the preventive and therapeutic role of nutritional schemes, specific foods, and nutrients on melanoma incidence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Pellegrini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (C.D.); (V.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Chiara D’Eusebio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (C.D.); (V.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Valentina Ponzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (C.D.); (V.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Luca Tonella
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.T.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Concetta Finocchiaro
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, “Città della Salute e della Scienza” Hospital, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Fierro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.T.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.T.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.P.); (C.D.); (V.P.); (S.B.)
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Liberini V, Rubatto M, Mimmo R, Passera R, Ceci F, Fava P, Tonella L, Polverari G, Lesca A, Bellò M, Arena V, Ribero S, Quaglino P, Deandreis D. Predictive Value of Baseline [18F]FDG PET/CT for Response to Systemic Therapy in Patients with Advanced Melanoma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214994. [PMID: 34768517 PMCID: PMC8584809 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: To evaluate the association between baseline [18F]FDG-PET/CT tumor burden parameters and disease progression rate after first-line target therapy or immunotherapy in advanced melanoma patients. Materials and Methods: Forty four melanoma patients, who underwent [18F]FDG-PET/CT before first-line target therapy (28/44) or immunotherapy (16/44), were retrospectively analyzed. Whole-body and per-district metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were calculated. Therapy response was assessed according to RECIST 1.1 on CT scan at 3 (early) and 12 (late) months. PET parameters were compared using the Mann–Whitney test. Optimal cut-offs for predicting progression were defined using the ROC curve. PFS and OS were studied using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results: Median (IQR) MTVwb and TLGwb were 13.1 mL and 72.4, respectively. Non-responder patients were 38/44, 26/28 and 12/16 at early evaluation, and 33/44, 21/28 and 12/16 at late evaluation in the whole-cohort, target, and immunotherapy subgroup, respectively. At late evaluation, MTVbone and TLGbone were higher in non-responders compared to responder patients (all p < 0.037) in the whole-cohort and target subgroup and MTVwb and TLGwb (all p < 0.022) in target subgroup. No significant differences were found for the immunotherapy subgroup. No metabolic parameters were able to predict PFS. Controversially, MTVlfn, TLGlfn, MTVsoft + lfn, TLGsoft + lfn, MTVwb and TLGwb were significantly associated (all p < 0.05) with OS in both the whole-cohort and target therapy subgroup. Conclusions: Higher values of whole-body and bone metabolic parameters were correlated with poorer outcome, while higher values of whole-body, lymph node and soft tissue metabolic parameters were correlated with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Liberini
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (R.P.); (G.P.); (A.L.); (M.B.); (D.D.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, S. Croce e Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Rubatto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.R.); (P.F.); (L.T.); (S.R.); (P.Q.)
| | - Riccardo Mimmo
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Roberto Passera
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (R.P.); (G.P.); (A.L.); (M.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Francesco Ceci
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paolo Fava
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.R.); (P.F.); (L.T.); (S.R.); (P.Q.)
| | - Luca Tonella
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.R.); (P.F.); (L.T.); (S.R.); (P.Q.)
| | - Giulia Polverari
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (R.P.); (G.P.); (A.L.); (M.B.); (D.D.)
- PET Center, Affidea IRMET, 10135 Torino, Italy;
| | - Adriana Lesca
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (R.P.); (G.P.); (A.L.); (M.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Marilena Bellò
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (R.P.); (G.P.); (A.L.); (M.B.); (D.D.)
| | | | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.R.); (P.F.); (L.T.); (S.R.); (P.Q.)
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.R.); (P.F.); (L.T.); (S.R.); (P.Q.)
| | - Désirée Deandreis
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (R.P.); (G.P.); (A.L.); (M.B.); (D.D.)
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11
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Roccuzzo G, Giordano S, Fava P, Pileri A, Guglielmo A, Tonella L, Sanlorenzo M, Ribero S, Fierro MT, Quaglino P. Immune Check Point Inhibitors in Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas: Biologic Rationale, Clinical Results and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2021; 11:733770. [PMID: 34485162 PMCID: PMC8415544 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.733770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (PCTCL) are the most common types of cutaneous lymphomas, with Mycosis fungoides as the most frequent subtype. Besides early stages which usually have a good prognosis, advanced stages remain a great therapeutic challenge with low survival rates. To date, none of the currently available therapeutic options have significantly improved the outcomes of advanced cutaneous lymphomas. Recent studies have demonstrated that immune-checkpoint molecules, such as PD-1 and CTLA-4, play part in the proliferation pathways of neoplastic T-cells, as well as in other tumors. Hence, the potential role of immune-checkpoint-inhibitors in treating cutaneous lymphomas has been investigated in the last years. Herein, we outline the current knowledge regarding the role of immune-checkpoint molecules in PCTCL, their signaling pathways, microenvironment and therapeutic inhibition rationale. Moreover, we review the published data on immunotherapies in PCTCL and summarize the currently ongoing clinical trials in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Roccuzzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Fava
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pileri
- Dermatology-IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alba Guglielmo
- Dermatology-IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Tonella
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Sanlorenzo
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fierro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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12
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Quaglino P, Fava P, Tonella L, Rubatto M, Ribero S, Fierro MT. Treatment of Advanced Metastatic Melanoma. Dermatol Pract Concept 2021; 11:e2021164S. [PMID: 34447613 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.11s1a164s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction in clinical practice of new drug compounds both targeted therapies anti-BRAF and checkpoint inhibitors have largely improved our potential to manage advanced metastatic melanoma patients. This has led to a significant improvement in terms of response rates and particularly in the overall survival (OS). The long-term results of trials with follow-up data of patients treated with targeted or immunotherapies reported median OS rates around 24 months, with 5-year survival rates around 35-40%. As to the drugs currently available and reimbursed by the Italian National Health System, 3 combinations of anti-BRAF/anti-MEK inhibitors are available (dabrafenib/trametinib, vemurafenib/cobimetinib and the most recently introduced encorafenib/binimetinib). As for checkpoint inhibitors, first line immunotherapy is represented by anti-PD1 blockers (nivolumab and pembrolizumab), whilst the anti-CTLA-4 ipilimumab can be used as second line immunotherapy. The decision-making factors that define the best treatment approach in stage IV patients with metastatic melanoma include the mutation pattern, performance status, high/low tumor load, brain metastases, progression pattern (low/fast), and availability of clinical trials. This review will analyze the current therapeutic tools adopted for the treatment of metastatic melanoma patients. It will then focus on the latest results obtained by novel treatments (checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies) which can be used in the clinical daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Quaglino
- Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Fava
- Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Tonella
- Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Rubatto
- Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy
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13
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Cariti C, Quaglino P, Lupia T, Novelli M, Marra E, Fava P, Caliendo V, Tonella L, De Rosa FG, Fierro MT, Ribero S. Infections in Sézary syndrome: A retrospective cohort study of 113 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 86:943-946. [PMID: 33975758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Cariti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, C.so Dogliotti, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, C.so Dogliotti, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lupia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Novelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, C.so Dogliotti, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Marra
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, C.so Dogliotti, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Fava
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, C.so Dogliotti, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Virginia Caliendo
- Dermatologic Surgery Section, Oncologic Department, "Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino" University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Tonella
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, C.so Dogliotti, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fierro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, C.so Dogliotti, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, C.so Dogliotti, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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14
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Tonella L, Pala V, Ponti R, Rubatto M, Gallo G, Mastorino L, Avallone G, Merli M, Agostini A, Fava P, Bertero L, Senetta R, Osella-Abate S, Ribero S, Fierro MT, Quaglino P. Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Stage III Melanoma: Current Insights and Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4561. [PMID: 33925387 PMCID: PMC8123895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers. The 5-year survival rate of stage III melanoma patients ranges from 93% (IIIA) to 32% (IIID) with a high risk of recurrence after complete surgery. The introduction of target and immune therapies has dramatically improved the overall survival, but the identification of patients with a high risk of relapse who will benefit from adjuvant therapy and the determination of the best treatment choice remain crucial. Currently, patient prognosis is based on clinico-pathological features, highlighting the urgent need of predictive and prognostic markers to improve patient management. In recent years, many groups have focused their attention on identifying molecular biomarkers with prognostic and predictive potential. In this review, we examined the main candidate biomarkers reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tonella
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.P.); (R.P.); (M.R.); (G.G.); (L.M.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Valentina Pala
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.P.); (R.P.); (M.R.); (G.G.); (L.M.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Renata Ponti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.P.); (R.P.); (M.R.); (G.G.); (L.M.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Marco Rubatto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.P.); (R.P.); (M.R.); (G.G.); (L.M.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Giuseppe Gallo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.P.); (R.P.); (M.R.); (G.G.); (L.M.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Luca Mastorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.P.); (R.P.); (M.R.); (G.G.); (L.M.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Gianluca Avallone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.P.); (R.P.); (M.R.); (G.G.); (L.M.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Martina Merli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.P.); (R.P.); (M.R.); (G.G.); (L.M.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Andrea Agostini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.P.); (R.P.); (M.R.); (G.G.); (L.M.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Paolo Fava
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.P.); (R.P.); (M.R.); (G.G.); (L.M.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Luca Bertero
- Department of Oncology, Pathology Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (R.S.); (S.O.-A.)
| | - Rebecca Senetta
- Department of Oncology, Pathology Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (R.S.); (S.O.-A.)
| | - Simona Osella-Abate
- Department of Oncology, Pathology Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (R.S.); (S.O.-A.)
| | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.P.); (R.P.); (M.R.); (G.G.); (L.M.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Maria Teresa Fierro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.P.); (R.P.); (M.R.); (G.G.); (L.M.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (V.P.); (R.P.); (M.R.); (G.G.); (L.M.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
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15
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Quaglino P, Fava P, Brizio M, Marra E, Rubatto M, Merli M, Tonella L, Ribero S, Fierro MT. Anti-BRAF/anti-MEK targeted therapies for metastatic melanoma patients during the COVID-19 outbreak: experience from an Italian skin cancer unit. Future Oncol 2021; 17:759-761. [PMID: 33533662 PMCID: PMC7874884 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Quaglino
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | - Paolo Fava
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | - Matteo Brizio
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | - Elena Marra
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | - Marco Rubatto
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | - Martina Merli
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | - Luca Tonella
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, 10124, Italy
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16
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Barreiro-Capurro A, Andrés-Lencina JJ, Podlipnik S, Carrera C, Requena C, Manrique-Silva E, Quaglino P, Tonella L, Jaka A, Richarz N, Rodríguez-Peralto JL, Ortiz P, Boada A, Ribero S, Nagore E, Malvehy J, Puig S. Differences in cutaneous melanoma survival between the 7th and 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). A multicentric population-based study. Eur J Cancer 2021; 145:29-37. [PMID: 33418234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 8th edition of the AJCC manual for melanoma includes many changes leading to major substage migrations, which could lead to important clinical reassessments. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the differences and prognostic value of the 8th AJCC classification in comparison with the 7th edition. METHODS Clinical and histopathological data were retrieved from five melanoma referral centers including 7815 melanoma patients diagnosed between January 1998 and December 2018. All patients were reclassified and compared using the 7th and 8th classifications of the AJCC. Sankey plots were used to evaluate the migration of patients between the different versions. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS), and curves based on the Kaplan-Meier method were used to investigate survival differences between the 7th and 8th editions. RESULTS The number of patients classified as stages IB, IIIA, and IIIB decreased while the patients classified as stages IA and IIIC increased notably. Migration analysis showed that many patients in group I were understaged whereas a significant percentage of patients in group III were upstaged. Indirect OS analysis showed a loss in the linearity in the AJCC 8th edition and the groups tended to overlap. Direct OS analysis between groups and versions of the AJCC showed a better prognosis within the new stage III patients, with no effect on those in stages I and II. CONCLUSION The 8th AJCC edition represents an important change in the classification of patients. We observe that the main migratory changes occur in stage I and III, that severity linearity is lost and groups overlap, and that a more advanced stage does not mean a worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Barreiro-Capurro
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona University, Spain
| | - Juan J Andrés-Lencina
- Department of Dermatology, Institute I+12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Medical School, University Complutense, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian Podlipnik
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona University, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona University, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
| | | | - Pietro Quaglino
- Dermatology Clinic, Medical Sciences Department, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Tonella
- Dermatology Clinic, Medical Sciences Department, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ane Jaka
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Institut D'Investigació Germans Trias I Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Badalona, Spain
| | - Nina Richarz
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Institut D'Investigació Germans Trias I Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Badalona, Spain
| | - José L Rodríguez-Peralto
- Department of Dermatology, Institute I+12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Medical School, University Complutense, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ortiz
- Department of Dermatology, Institute I+12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Medical School, University Complutense, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aram Boada
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Institut D'Investigació Germans Trias I Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Badalona, Spain
| | - Simone Ribero
- Dermatology Clinic, Medical Sciences Department, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona University, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona University, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Quaglino P, Fava P, Brizio M, Marra E, Rubatto M, Agostini A, Tonella L, Ribero S, Fierro MT. Metastatic melanoma treatment with checkpoint inhibitors in the COVID-19 era: experience from an Italian Skin Cancer Unit. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:1395-1396. [PMID: 32426877 PMCID: PMC7276756 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Linked articles: COVID‐19 SPECIAL FORUM. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34: e291–e310 .
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Affiliation(s)
- P Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - P Fava
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Brizio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - E Marra
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Rubatto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Agostini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L Tonella
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M T Fierro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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18
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Ribero S, Giura MT, Viola R, Ramondetta A, Siliquini N, Cardone P, Tonella L, Quaglino P, Dapavo P, Panzone M, Ortoncelli M, Fierro MT. Effectiveness and safety of dupilumab for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in adult cohort: a real-life Italian tertiary centre experience. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:e380-e383. [PMID: 31960496 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Ribero
- Medical Sciences Department, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M T Giura
- Medical Sciences Department, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - R Viola
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Ramondetta
- Medical Sciences Department, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - N Siliquini
- Medical Sciences Department, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - P Cardone
- Medical Sciences Department, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L Tonella
- Medical Sciences Department, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - P Quaglino
- Medical Sciences Department, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - P Dapavo
- Medical Sciences Department, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Panzone
- Medical Sciences Department, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Ortoncelli
- Medical Sciences Department, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M T Fierro
- Medical Sciences Department, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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19
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Arese V, Murabito P, Ribero S, Panzone M, Tonella L, Fierro MT, Papini M, Quaglino P. Autoimmune connective tissue diseases and pregnancy. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2019; 154:263-276. [PMID: 30650958 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.18.06252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune connective tissue-diseases are more frequent in women and deserve a multidisciplinary approach in which the dermatologist play a major role together with other physicians. Pregnancy in these patients has to be considered a high-risk situation, because of possible worsening of the mother's disease and increased morbility and mortality for the fetus; also, therapies have to be chosen carefully because some drugs cannot be used during pregnancy. For all these reasons, the decision to become pregnant needs to consider the type of disease, stage of disease, age and clinical condition, and requires a multidisciplinary approach. A correct counselling, a close monitoring, a specific approach based on the risks involved and the use of appropriate therapies are the keys to obtain optimal pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Arese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pierangela Murabito
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Michele Panzone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Tonella
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria T Fierro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Papini
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic of Terni, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy -
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20
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Tonella L, Giannoccaro M, Alfieri S, Canevari S, De Cecco L. Gene Expression Signatures for Head and Neck Cancer Patient Stratification: Are Results Ready for Clinical Application? Curr Treat Options Oncol 2017; 18:32. [PMID: 28474265 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-017-0472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth leading cancer by incidence worldwide and considering the recent EUROCARE-5 population-based study the 5-year survival rate of HNSCC patients in Europe ranges between 69% in localized cases and 34% in patients with regional involvement. The development of high-throughput gene expression assays in the last two decades has provided the invaluable opportunity to improve our knowledge on cancer biology and to identify predictive signatures in the most deeply analyzed malignancies, such as hematological and breast cancers. At variance, till 2010, the number of reliable reports referring gene expression data related to HSNCC biology and prediction was quite limited. A critical revision of the literature reporting gene expression data in HNSCC indicated that in the last 6 years, there were new important studies with a relevant increase in the sample size and a more accurate selection of cases, the publication of a growing number of studies applying a computational integration (meta-analysis) of different microarray datasets addressing similar clinical/biological questions, the increased use of molecular sub-classification of tumors according to their gene expression, and the release of the publicly available largest dataset in HNSCC by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) consortium. Overall, also for this disease, it become evident that the expression analysis of the entire transcriptome has been enabling to achieve the identification of promising molecular signatures for (i) disclosure of the biology behind carcinogenesis with special focus on the HPV-related one, (ii) prediction of tumor recurrence or metastasis development, (iii) identification of subgroups of tumors with different biology and associated prognosis, and (iv) prediction of outcome and/or response to therapy. The increasing awareness of the relevance of strict collaboration among clinicians and translational researchers would in a near future enable the application of a personalized HNSCCs patients' treatment in the clinical practice based also on gene expression signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tonella
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Giannoccaro
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Alfieri
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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21
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Alfieri S, Bossi P, Galbiati D, Giannoccaro M, Pilotti S, Perrone F, Paielli N, Tonella L, Bergamini C, Granata R, Resteghini C, Cavalieri S, Iacovelli N, Orlandi E, Locati L, Licitra L, Canevari S, De Cecco L. Gene-expression profiles of primary and metastatic lesions in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx430.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Abstract
Escherichia coli is a model organism for biochemical and biological studies as it is one of the best characterised prokaryote. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, computer image analysis and different protein identification techniques gave rise, in 1995, to the Escherichia coli SWISS-2D PAGE database (http://www.expasy.ch/ch2d/). In the E. coli 3.5-10 SWISS-2D PAGE map, 40% of the E. coli proteome was displayed. The present study demonstrated that the use of narrow range pH gradients is able to potentially display up to a few copies of protein per E. coli cell. Moreover, the six new E. coli SWISS-2D PAGE maps (pH 4-5, 4.5-5.5, 5-6, 5.5-6.7, 6-9 and 6-11) presented here displayed altogether more than 70% of the entire E. coli proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tonella
- Central Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Geneva University Hospital, 24 Rue Michell-du-Crest, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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23
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Hoogland C, Sanchez JC, Tonella L, Binz PA, Bairoch A, Hochstrasser DF, Appel RD. The 1999 SWISS-2DPAGE database update. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:286-8. [PMID: 10592248 PMCID: PMC102456 DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.1.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/1999] [Accepted: 10/07/1999] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SWISS-2DPAGE (http://www.expasy.ch/ch2d/ ) is an annotated two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electro-phoresis (2-DE) database established in 1993. The current release contains 24 reference maps from human and mouse biological samples, as well as from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli and Dictyostelium discoideum origin. These reference maps have now 2824 identified spots, corresponding to 614 separate protein entries in the database, in addition to virtual entries for each SWISS-PROT sequence or any user-entered amino acids sequence. Last year improvements in the SWISS-2DPAGE database are as follows: three new maps have been created and several others have been updated; cross-references to newly built federated 2-DE databases have been added; new functions to access the data have been provided through the ExPASy proteomics server.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hoogland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1 rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
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24
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Abstract
This paper describes the set of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) resources currently available from the ExPASy proteomics Web server. These resources include the SWISS-2DPAGE database, 2-DE software packages, 2-DE technical and educational services, as well as indexes and search engines for 2-DE related sites over the Internet.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hoogland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva.
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25
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Binz PA, Müller M, Walther D, Bienvenut WV, Gras R, Hoogland C, Bouchet G, Gasteiger E, Fabbretti R, Gay S, Palagi P, Wilkins MR, Rouge V, Tonella L, Paesano S, Rossellat G, Karmime A, Bairoch A, Sanchez JC, Appel RD, Hochstrasser DF. A molecular scanner to automate proteomic research and to display proteome images. Anal Chem 1999; 71:4981-8. [PMID: 10565287 DOI: 10.1021/ac990449e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Identification and characterization of all proteins expressed by a genome in biological samples represent major challenges in proteomics. Today's commonly used high-throughput approaches combine two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) with peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) analysis. Although automation is often possible, a number of limitations still adversely affect the rate of protein identification and annotation in 2-DE databases: the sequential excision process of pieces of gel containing protein; the enzymatic digestion step; the interpretation of mass spectra (reliability of identifications); and the manual updating of 2-DE databases. We present a highly automated method that generates a fully annoated 2-DE map. Using a parallel process, all proteins of a 2-DE are first simultaneously digested proteolytically and electro-transferred onto a poly(vinylidene difluoride) membrane. The membrane is then directly scanned by MALDI-TOF MS. After automated protein identification from the obtained peptide mass fingerprints using PeptIdent software (http://www.expasy.ch/tools/peptident.html + ++), a fully annotated 2-D map is created on-line. It is a multidimensional representation of a proteome that contains interpreted PMF data in addition to protein identification results. This "MS-imaging" method represents a major step toward the development of a clinical molecular scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Binz
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland.
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26
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Abstract
In the present study amino acid analysis is applied to quantitation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome expression. The quantitation levels obtained are compared to data using densitometric analysis of silver or amido black staining and to the theoretical expression level (codon bias) of the identified proteins determined from their amino acid analysis (AAA). The results show that relative volume ratio (%vol) using Melanie II is a better parameter for spot quantitation than relative optical density ratio (%OD), and amino black staining provides good linearity within the range 1-100 pmol protein. However, AAA shows that theoretical expression levels are not well correlated with actual protein expression level, although there is better correlation when isoforms of the expressed protein are identified and included. It is concluded that amino acid analysis provides accurate protein quantitation and has a continuing role in proteome studies in terms of the rapid and inexpensive quantitation of proteins displayed on proteome maps. We do however recognize that in the context of future clinical applications and large-scale proteome discovery projects, quantitation and post-translational modification need to be analyzed by 'proteomatic' (i.e., proteome automatic bioinformatic analysis directly from the gel) techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Yan
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW.
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27
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Hoogland C, Sanchez JC, Tonella L, Bairoch A, Hochstrasser DF, Appel RD. The SWISS-2DPAGE database: what has changed during the last year. Nucleic Acids Res 1999; 27:289-91. [PMID: 9847204 PMCID: PMC148159 DOI: 10.1093/nar/27.1.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SWISS-2DPAGE (http://www.expasy.ch/ch2d/) is an annotated two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) database established in 1993. The current release contains 21 reference maps from human and mouse biological samples, as well as from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli and Dictyostelium discoideum origin. These reference maps now have 2480 identified spots, corresponding to 528 separate protein entries in the database, in addition to virtual entries for each SWISS-PROT sequence. During the last year, the SWISS-2DPAGE has undergone major changes. Six new maps have been added, and new functions to access the data have been provided through the ExPASy server. Finally, an important change concerns the database funding source.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hoogland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, c/o Medical Informatics Division, Geneva University Hospital, 24 rue Micheli-du-Crest, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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28
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Traini M, Gooley AA, Ou K, Wilkins MR, Tonella L, Sanchez JC, Hochstrasser DF, Williams KL. Towards an automated approach for protein identification in proteome projects. Electrophoresis 1998; 19:1941-9. [PMID: 9740054 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150191112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The development of automated, high throughput technologies for the rapid identification of proteins is essential for large-scale proteome projects. While a degree of automation already exists in some stages of the protein identification process, such as automated acquisition of matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra, efficient interfaces between different stages are still lacking. We report the development of a highly automated, integrated system for large scale identification of proteins separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), based on peptide mass fingerprinting. A prototype robotic system was used to image and excise 288 protein spots from an amido black stained polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) blot. Protein samples were enzymatically digested with a commercial automated liquid handling system. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to acquire mass spectra automatically, and the data analysed with novel automated peptide mass fingerprinting database interrogation software. Using this highly automated system, we were able to identify 95 proteins on the basis of peptide mass fingerprinting, isoelectric point and molecular weight, in a period of less than ten working days. Advantages, problems, and future developments in robotic excision systems, liquid handling, and automated database interrogation software are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Traini
- Macquarie University Centre for Analytical Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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29
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Tonella L, Walsh BJ, Sanchez JC, Ou K, Wilkins MR, Tyler M, Frutiger S, Gooley AA, Pescaru I, Appel RD, Yan JX, Bairoch A, Hoogland C, Morch FS, Hughes GJ, Williams KL, Hochstrasser DF. '98 Escherichia coli SWISS-2DPAGE database update. Electrophoresis 1998; 19:1960-71. [PMID: 9740056 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150191114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The combination of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE), computer image analysis and several protein identification techniques allowed the Escherichia coli SWISS-2DPAGE database to be established. This is part of the ExPASy molecular biology server accessible through the WWW at the URL address http://www.expasy.ch/ch2d/ch2d-top.html . Here we report recent progress in the development of the E. coli SWISS-2DPAGE database. Proteins were separated with immobilized pH gradients in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the second dimension. To increase the resolution of the separation and thus the number of identified proteins, a variety of wide and narrow range immobilized pH gradients were used in the first dimension. Micropreparative gels were electroblotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes and spots were visualized by amido black staining. Protein identification techniques such as amino acid composition analysis, gel comparison and microsequencing were used, as well as a recently described Edman "sequence tag" approach. Some of the above identification techniques were coupled with database searching tools. Currently 231 polypeptides are identified on the E. coli SWISS-2DPAGE map: 64 have been identified by N-terminal microsequencing, 39 by amino acid composition, and 82 by sequence tag. Of 153 proteins putatively identified by gel comparison, 65 have been confirmed. Many proteins have been identified using more than one technique. Faster progress in the E. coli proteome project will now be possible with advances in biochemical methodology and with the completion of the entire E. coli genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tonella
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland.
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30
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Wilkins MR, Gasteiger E, Tonella L, Ou K, Tyler M, Sanchez JC, Gooley AA, Walsh BJ, Bairoch A, Appel RD, Williams KL, Hochstrasser DF. Protein identification with N and C-terminal sequence tags in proteome projects. J Mol Biol 1998; 278:599-608. [PMID: 9600841 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1998.1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genome sequences are available for increasing numbers of organisms. The proteomes (protein complement expressed by the genome) of many such organisms are being studied with two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis. Here we have investigated the application of short N-terminal and C-terminal sequence tags to the identification of proteins separated on 2D gels. The theoretical N and C termini of 15, 519 proteins, representing all SWISS-PROT entries for the organisms Mycoplasma genitalium, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human, were analysed. Sequence tags were found to be surprisingly specific, with N-terminal tags of four amino acid residues found to be unique for between 43% and 83% of proteins, and C-terminal tags of four amino acid residues unique for between 74% and 97% of proteins, depending on the species studied. Sequence tags of five amino acid residues were found to be even more specific. To utilise this specificity of sequence tags for protein identification, we created a world-wide web-accessible protein identification program, TagIdent (http://www.expasy.ch/www/tools.html), which matches sequence tags of up to six amino acid residues as well as estimated protein pI and mass against proteins in the SWISS-PROT database. We demonstrate the utility of this identification approach with sequence tags generated from 91 different E. coli proteins purified by 2D gel electrophoresis. Fifty-one proteins were unambiguously identified by virtue of their sequence tags and estimated pI and mass, and a further 11 proteins identified when sequence tags were combined with protein amino acid composition data. We conlcude that the TagIdent identification approach is best suited to the identification of proteins from prokaryotes whose complete genome sequences are available. The approach is less well suited to proteins from eukaryotes, as many eukaryotic proteins are not amenable to sequencing via Edman degradation, and tag protein identification cannot be unambiguous unless an organism's complete sequence is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Wilkins
- Central Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Geneva University Hospital, 24 Rue Micheli-du-Crest, Geneva 14, 1211, Switzerland
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31
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Abstract
The SWISS-2DPAGE database (http: //www.expasy.ch/ch2d/ch2d-top.html ) consists of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis images, as well as textual descriptions of the proteins that have been identified on them. The current release contains 15 reference maps from human biological samples, as well as from Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Escherichia coli and Dictyostelium discoideum origin. These reference maps have 2088 identified spots, corresponding to 410 separate protein entries in the database, in addition to virtual entries for each SWISS-PROT sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hoogland
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Moléculaire et Bioinformatique, Division d'Informatique Médicale, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire, 24, rue Micheli-du-Crest, CH-1211 Genève 14, Switzerland.
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32
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Sanchez JC, Rouge V, Pisteur M, Ravier F, Tonella L, Moosmayer M, Wilkins MR, Hochstrasser DF. Improved and simplified in-gel sample application using reswelling of dry immobilized pH gradients. Electrophoresis 1997; 18:324-7. [PMID: 9150909 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150180305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple and inexpensive methacrylate rehydration chamber was built to accommodate ten immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips. In the chamber, entire IPG gels were used for sample application, with the protein entering the gels during their rehydration. For rehydration, commercially available or laboratory-made strips were positioned in the grooves with the gel in contact with 500 microL of sample for 6 h or overnight. This avoided the use of sample cups, eliminated precipitation at the sample application site, thus improving resolution over the entire pH range of the gels. It also allowed precise control of protein amounts and sample volumes loaded into the IPG gels, and also lowered costs of reagents during rehydration and equilibration owing to the reduced volumes. Up to 5 mg of protein can be loaded on wide IPG gels and up to 15 mg of some samples on narrow pH range gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Sanchez
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland.
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33
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Peitsch MC, Wilkins MR, Tonella L, Sanchez JC, Appel RD, Hochstrasser DF. Large-scale protein modelling and integration with the SWISS-PROT and SWISS-2DPAGE databases: the example of Escherichia coli. Electrophoresis 1997; 18:498-501. [PMID: 9150930 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150180326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge-based molecular modelling of proteins has proven useful in many instances, including the rational design of mutagenesis experiments, but it has generally been limited by the availability of expensive computer hardware and software. To overcome these limitations, we developed the SWISS-MODEL server for automated knowledge-based protein modelling. The SWISS-MODEL server uses the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank as a source of structural information and automatically generates protein models for sequences which share significant similarities with at least one protein of known three-dimensional structure. We have now used the software framework of the server to generate large collections of protein models, and established the SWISS-MODEL Repository, a new database for automatically generated and theoretical protein models. This repository is directly integrated with the SWISS-PROT and SWISS-2DPAGE databases through the ExPASy World Wide Web server (URL is http://expasy.hcuge.ch). Here we present an illustration of this process by an application to the Escherichia coli sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Peitsch
- Geneva Biomedical Research Institute, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Plan-les-Ouates/Genève, Switzerland.
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34
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Yan JX, Tonella L, Sanchez JC, Wilkins MR, Packer NH, Gooley AA, Hochstrasser DF, Williams KL. The Dictyostelium discoideum proteome--the SWISS-2DPAGE database of the multicellular aggregate (slug). Electrophoresis 1997; 18:491-7. [PMID: 9150929 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150180325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is a eukaryotic microorganism which has developmental life stages attractive to the cell and molecular biologist. By displaying the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) protein map of different developmental stages, the key molecules can be identified and characterised, allowing a detailed understanding of the D. discoideum proteome. Here we describe the preparation of reference gel of the D. discoideum multicellular aggregate, the slug. Proteins were separated by 2-D PAGE with immobilised pH gradients (pH 3.5-10) in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE in the second dimension. Micropreparative gels were electroblotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes and 150 spots were visualised by amido black staining. Protein spots were excised and 31 were putatively identified by matching their amino acid composition, estimated isoelectric point (pI) and molecular weight (M(r)) against the SWISS-PROT database with the ExPASy AAcompID tool (http:// expasy.hcuge.ch/ch2d/aacompi.html). A total of 25 proteins were identified by matching against database entries for D. discoideum, and another six by cross-species matching against database entries for Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins. This map will be available in the SWISS-2DPAGE database.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Yan
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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