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Bähr M. [From systems medicine to personalized neurology]. Nervenarzt 2021; 92:975-976. [PMID: 34591141 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Bähr
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland.
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Schnieder M, Psychogios MN, Maier IL, Tsogkas I, Schregel K, Kleinknecht A, Knauth M, Bähr M, Liman J, Behme D. The problem of strict image-based inclusion criteria for mechanical thrombectomy - an analysis of stroke patients with an initial low CBV-ASPECTS score. Neuroradiol J 2019; 32:287-293. [PMID: 31099713 DOI: 10.1177/1971400918791700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endovascular treatment for acute ischaemic stroke with large artery occlusion has become the standard of care. However, the question if a subgroup of patients, with a low cerebral blood volume Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (CBV-ASPECTS) ≤ 7 should be excluded from endovascular treatment remains open. Therefore; we investigated the difference of outcome between patients who were treated by endovascular treatment vs patients who did not receive endovascular treatment. METHODS We retrospectively analysed our stroke database for all patients who presented within six hours of onset with unfavourable imaging findings and who received endovascular treatment or best medical treatment alone. Unfavourable imaging was defined as a CBV-ASPECTS ≤ 7, which was an exclusion criterion for endovascular treatment at our institution before 2015. RESULTS From 60 patients with an initial CBV-ASPECTS ≤ 7, 40 received best medical treatment and 20 were treated with endovascular treatment. Arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation was more present in patients without endovascular treatment, the other baseline characteristics and percentage of patients treated with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator were not significantly different in both groups. At discharge, 40% of the interventional treated patients had a favourable outcome (eight of 20 (40%) vs six of 40 (15%; p = 0.031). The median values of the National Institute of Health Stroke Score and modified Rankin Scale at discharge were significantly lower in the treated cohort (6.5 (2.5-10.5) vs 16 (9.5-22.5); p = 0.006; 3 (0-5.5) vs 5 (4.5-5.5); p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Patients with a CBV-ASPECTS ≤ 7 are likely to benefit from therapy and therefore may not be excluded from endovascular treatment. Further randomised trials are warranted to validate the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schnieder
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - M N Psychogios
- 2 Institute of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - I L Maier
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - I Tsogkas
- 2 Institute of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - K Schregel
- 2 Institute of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - A Kleinknecht
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - M Knauth
- 2 Institute of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - M Bähr
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - J Liman
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - D Behme
- 2 Institute of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
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Zerr I, Bandelow B, Wedekind D, Schneider A, Radenbach K, Wiltfang J, Bähr M. Neuropsychiatrische Erkrankungen und Demenzen: ein interdisziplinärer Ansatz. Akt Neurol 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-106719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Zerr
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen
| | - B. Bandelow
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen
| | - D. Wedekind
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen
| | - A. Schneider
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen
| | - K. Radenbach
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen
| | - J. Wiltfang
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen
| | - M. Bähr
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen
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Bertolini M, Pretzlaff M, Sulk M, Bähr M, Gherardini J, Uchida Y, Reibelt M, Kinori M, Rossi A, Bíró T, Paus R. Vasoactive intestinal peptide, whose receptor-mediated signalling may be defective in alopecia areata, provides protection from hair follicle immune privilege collapse. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:531-41. [PMID: 27059672 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder whose pathogenesis involves the collapse of the relative immune privilege (IP) of the hair follicle (HF). Given that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an immunoinhibitory neuropeptide released by perifollicular sensory nerve fibres, which play a role in IP maintenance, it may modulate human HF-IP and thus be therapeutically relevant for AA. OBJECTIVES To answer the following questions: Do human HFs express VIP receptors, and does their stimulation protect from or restore experimentally induced HF-IP collapse? Is VIP signalling defective in AA HFs? METHODS Firstly, VIP and VIP receptor (VPAC1, VPAC2) expression in human scalp HFs and AA skin was assessed. In HF organ culture, we then explored whether VIP treatment can restore and/or protect from interferon-γ-induced HF-IP collapse, assessing the expression of the key IP markers by quantitative (immuno-)histomorphometry. RESULTS Here we provide the first evidence that VIP receptors are expressed in the epithelium of healthy human HFs at the gene and protein level. Furthermore, VIP receptor protein expression, but not VIP(+) nerve fibres, is significantly downregulated in lesional hair bulbs of patients with AA, suggesting defects in VIP receptor-mediated signalling. Moreover, we show that VIP protects the HF from experimentally induced IP collapse in vitro, but does not fully restore it once collapsed. CONCLUSIONS These pilot data suggest that insufficient VIP receptor-mediated signalling may contribute to impairing HF-IP in patients with AA, and that VIP is a promising candidate 'HF-IP guardian' that may be therapeutically exploited to inhibit the progression of AA lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bertolini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - M Pretzlaff
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - M Sulk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - M Bähr
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - J Gherardini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Y Uchida
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - M Reibelt
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - M Kinori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - A Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - T Bíró
- DE-MTA 'Lendület' Cellular Physiology Research Group, Departments of Immunology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - R Paus
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
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Bähr M. Wertigkeit von systemischen alpha-Synuklein-Ablagerungen in der Diagnostik des idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndroms – Kontra. Akt Neurol 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1552725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Bähr
- Klinik für Neurologie der Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
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Koch JC, Tönges L, Barski E, Michel U, Bähr M, Lingor P. ROCK2 is a major regulator of axonal degeneration, neuronal death and axonal regeneration in the CNS. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1225. [PMID: 24832597 PMCID: PMC4047920 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Rho/ROCK/LIMK pathway is central for the mediation of repulsive environmental signals in the central nervous system. Several studies using pharmacological Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors have shown positive effects on neurite regeneration and suggest additional pro-survival effects in neurons. However, as none of these drugs is completely target specific, it remains unclear how these effects are mediated and whether ROCK is really the most relevant target of the pathway. To answer these questions, we generated adeno-associated viral vectors to specifically downregulate ROCK2 and LIM domain kinase (LIMK)-1 in rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in vitro and in vivo. We show here that specific knockdown of ROCK2 and LIMK1 equally enhanced neurite outgrowth of RGCs on inhibitory substrates and both induced substantial neuronal regeneration over distances of more than 5 mm after rat optic nerve crush (ONC) in vivo. However, only knockdown of ROCK2 but not LIMK1 increased survival of RGCs after optic nerve axotomy. Moreover, knockdown of ROCK2 attenuated axonal degeneration of the proximal axon after ONC assessed by in vivo live imaging. Mechanistically, we demonstrate here that knockdown of ROCK2 resulted in decreased intraneuronal activity of calpain and caspase 3, whereas levels of pAkt and collapsin response mediator protein 2 and autophagic flux were increased. Taken together, our data characterize ROCK2 as a specific therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases and demonstrate new downstream effects of ROCK2 including axonal degeneration, apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Koch
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - L Tönges
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - E Barski
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - U Michel
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - P Lingor
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
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Göricke B, Lingor P, Stadelmann-Nessler C, Bähr M, Kastrup A, Kermer P. Cerebellar-type multiple system atrophy presenting with leucoencephalopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012; 83:230-2. [PMID: 21115473 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.220822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Schmidt H, Schramm P, Fuchs T, Bähr M, Lingor P. [Arndt-Gottron syndrome with encephalopathy: complete recovery after immunosuppressive therapy]. Nervenarzt 2011; 82:1325-1329. [PMID: 21424409 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-011-3266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Muth IE, Barthel K, Bähr M, Dalakas MC, Schmidt J. Proinflammatory cell stress in sporadic inclusion body myositis muscle: overexpression of alphaB-crystallin is associated with amyloid precursor protein and accumulation of beta-amyloid. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80:1344-9. [PMID: 19470495 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2009.174276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the pathology of sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM), the relevance of cell stress molecules such as the heat shock protein alphaB-crystallin, particularly in healthy appearing muscle fibres, has remained elusive. METHODS 10 muscle biopsies from sIBM patients were serially stained for haematoxylin-eosin, trichrome and multi-immunohistochemistry for neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), alphaB-crystallin, amyloid precursor protein (APP), desmin, major histocompatibility complex I, beta-amyloid and ubiquitin. Corresponding areas of all biopsies were quantitatively analysed for all markers. Primary myotube cultures were exposed to the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta and interferon (IFN)-gamma. RESULTS In human myotubes exposed to IL-1beta+IFN-gamma, overexpression of APP was accompanied by upregulation of alphaB-crystallin. In sIBM muscle biopsies, over 20% of all fibres displayed accumulation of beta-amyloid or vacuoles/inclusions. A clearly larger fraction of the fibres were positive for alphaB-crystallin or APP. In contrast with the accumulation of beta-amyloid in atrophic fibres, a major part of fibres positive for APP or alphaB-crystallin showed no morphological abnormalities. Expression of APP and alphaB-crystallin significantly correlated with each other and most double positive fibres displayed accumulation of beta-amyloid, vacuoles or an atrophic morphology. In almost all of these fibres, other markers of degeneration/regeneration such as NCAM and desmin were evident as additional indicators of a cell stress response. Some fibres double positive for APP and alphaB-crystallin displayed infiltration by inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that alphaB-crystallin is associated with overexpression of APP in sIBM muscle and that upregulation of alphaB-crystallin precedes accumulation of beta-amyloid. The data help to better understand early pathological changes and underscore the fact that a network of cell stress, inflammation and degeneration is relevant to sIBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Muth
- Department of Neurology and Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Medicine Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Bähr M, Krumova P, Meulmeester E, Garrido M, Tirard M, Hisao HS, Karpinar P, Bossis G, Wouters F, Ruonala M, Zweckstetter M, Urlaub H, Brose N, Kügler S, Melchior F, Weishaupt J. P3.001 SUMOylation regulates a-synuclein toxicity. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dohm C, Pilgram S, Liman J, Bähr M, Mohr A, Kermer P. Differenzialdiagnostische Maßnahmen bei Parkinsonsyndromen – eine Übersicht. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009; 134:892-6. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1220245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rohde G, Kermer P, Reed JC, Bähr M, Weishaupt JH. Neuron-specific overexpression of the co-chaperone Bcl-2-associated athanogene-1 in superoxide dismutase 1(G93A)-transgenic mice. Neuroscience 2008; 157:844-9. [PMID: 18955116 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2-associated athanogene-1 (BAG1) binds heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70)/Hsc70, increases intracellular chaperone activity in neurons and proved to be protective in several models for neurodegeneration. Mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene account for approximately 20% of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases. A common property shared by all mutant SOD1 (mtSOD1) species is abnormal protein folding and the propensity to form aggregates. Toxicity and aggregate formation of mutant SOD1 can be overcome by enhanced chaperone function in vitro. Moreover, expression of mtSOD1 decreases BAG1 levels in a motoneuronal cell line. Thus, several lines of evidence suggested a protective role of BAG1 in mtSOD1-mediated motoneuron degeneration. To explore the therapeutic potential of BAG1 in a model for ALS, we generated SOD1G93A/BAG1 double transgenic mice expressing BAG1 in a neuron-specific pattern. Surprisingly, substantially increased BAG1 protein levels in spinal cord neurons did not significantly alter the phenotype of SOD1G93A-transgenic mice. Hence, expression of BAG1 is not sufficient to protect against mtSOD1-induced motor dysfunction in vivo. Our work shows that, in contrast to the in vitro situation, modulation of multiple cellular functions in addition to enhanced expression of a single chaperone is required to protect against SOD1 toxicity, highlighting the necessity of combined treatment strategies for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rohde
- University of Göttingen, Department of Neurology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Ubmann D, Göricke B, Fichtner L, Panou I, Braus G, Bähr M, Weishaupt J. Genome-wide screen in yeast to identify modulators of mutant SOD1 toxicity. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Göricke B, Witthauer P, Wrede A, Kastrup A, Bähr M, Kermer P. Polyneuropathie und Panzytopenie bei Hypokuprämie. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hoffmann A, Eckermann K, Bähr M, Weishaupt J, Strik H. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases by roscovitine induces suppression of proliferation and migration in human glioma cells. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ebert S, Pilgram S, Bähr M, Kermer P. Bilaterale Ophthalmoplegie durch Metastasen eines Magenkarzinoms mit beidseitiger Verlegung des Sinus cavernosus. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Deeg S, Sroka K, Gralle M, Bähr M, Wouters F, Kermer P. BAG1 restores DJ-1 chaperone function and dimerisation. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sättler M, Togni M, Gadjanski I, Sühs K, Bähr M, Diem R. Strain-specific susceptibility for neurodegeneration in a rat model of autoimmune optic neuritis. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Muth I, Barthel K, Voll R, Traufeller K, Bähr M, Schmidt J. Zellstress-assoziierte Expression von High Mobility Group Box (HMGB)-1 und dessen Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) im Skelettmuskel der sporadischen Einschlusskörperchenmyositis (sIBM). Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Keller C, Lee M, Turville S, Bähr M, Münz C, Lünemann J, Schmidt J. Akkumulation von beta-Amyloid im Skelettmuskel: Zytokin-induzierte Modulation von Makroautophagie. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Frank T, Meuer K, Pitzer C, Schulz J, Bähr M, Schneider A, Weishaupt J. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1087003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Barthel K, Bähr M, Dalakas M, Schmidt J. Pro-inflammatorischer Zellstress in Primärzellkulturen von Patienten mit Einschlusskörperchenmyositis im Vergleich zu Kontrollmyotuben. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Strik HM, Buhk JH, Bock C, Hoffmann AL, Wrede A, Marosi C, Kaiser U, Christmann M, Kaina B, Bähr M. Tegwondo: Development of a novel near-continuous dose-dense temozolomide regimen for the treatment of recurrent brain tumors. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Dohm CP, Kermer P, Bähr M. Aggregopathy in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implication. NEURODEGENER DIS 2008; 5:321-38. [PMID: 18309232 DOI: 10.1159/000119459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Huntington's and Lou Gehrig's disease are associated with the misfolding and aggregation of proteins. While the relevance of these aggregates for neuronal degeneration and their impact on cellular function is still a matter of debate, several experimental therapeutic approaches have been aimed at interfering with protein aggregation. In this review, we want to summarize the current understanding of aggregate formation and toxicity in neurodegenerative diseases with an emphasis on Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, we will discuss current treatment strategies in these diseases targeting aggregate formation and concurrent neuronal cell death in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Dohm
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany.
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Koeberle PD, Bähr M. The upregulation of GLAST-1 is an indirect antiapoptotic mechanism of GDNF and neurturin in the adult CNS. Cell Death Differ 2007; 15:471-83. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Neusch C, Senderek J, Eggermann T, Elolff E, Bähr M, Schneider-Gold C. Mitofusin 2 gene mutation (R94Q) causing severe early-onset axonal polyneuropathy (CMT2A). Eur J Neurol 2007; 14:575-7. [PMID: 17437620 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01688.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) has been classified into two types: demyelinating forms (CMT1) and axonal forms (CMT2). Mutations in the CMT2A locus have been linked to the KIF1B and the mitofusin 2 (MFN2) genes. Here, we report a German patient with CMT2 with an underlying spontaneous mutation (c.281G-->A) in the MFN2 gene. Clinically, the patient presented with early-onset CMT that was not associated with additional central nervous system pathology. The disease course was rapidly progressive in the first years and slowed afterwards. We also suggest that single patients with early-onset axonal polyneuropathies should be screened for MFN2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Neusch
- Department of Neurology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Meuer K, Suppanz IE, Lingor P, Planchamp V, Göricke B, Fichtner L, Braus GH, Dietz GPH, Jakobs S, Bähr M, Weishaupt JH. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is an upstream regulator of mitochondrial fission during neuronal apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2007; 14:651-61. [PMID: 17218957 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, mitochondrial morphology dynamically shifts between a punctuate appearance and tubular networks. However, little is known about upstream signal transduction pathways that regulate mitochondrial morphology. We show that mitochondrial fission is a very early and kinetically invariant event during neuronal cell death, which causally contributes to cytochrome c release and neuronal apoptosis. Using a small molecule CDK5 inhibitor, as well as a dominant-negative CDK5 mutant and RNAi knockdown experiments, we identified CDK5 as an upstream signalling kinase that regulates mitochondrial fission during apoptosis of neurons. Vice versa, our study shows that mitochondrial fission is a modulator contributing to CDK5-mediated neurotoxicity. Thereby, we provide a link that allows integration of CDK5 into established neuronal apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Meuer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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30
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Schmidt J, Barthel K, Bähr M, Gold R, Dalakas MC. Entzündung und Akkumulation von beta-Amyloid: Pathomechanistische Vernetzung bei der Einschlusskörperchenmyositis. Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-987588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Muth IE, Barthel K, Bähr M, Dalakas MC, Schmidt J. Alpha-B Crystallin und Amyloid Precursor Protein als pathogenetische Marker in der sporadischen Einschlusskörperchenmyositis. Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-987877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Frank T, Meuer K, Pfitzer C, Laage R, Dietz G, Bach A, Schulz JB, Bähr M, Schneider A, Weishaupt JH. Pegylated granulocyte-colony stimulating factor as a therapeutic option in Parkinson's disease. Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-987511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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33
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Barthel K, Swindle E, Bähr M, Dalakas MC, Schmidt J. Entzündlicher Zellstress in humanen Muskelzellen als pathogenetisches Modell der Einschlusskörperchenmyositis. Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-987880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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Ganesan S, Rohde G, Sroka K, Schaefer MKE, Dohm C, Kermer P, Haase G, Wouters F, Bähr M, Weishaupt JH. FRET/FLIM studies on mutant SOD1 detoxification mechanisms in intact single cells. Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-987976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Sättler MB, Williams SK, Pehlke JR, Otto M, Bähr M, Diem R. Neuroprotektive Wirkung von Flupirtin auf retinale Ganglienzellen in einem Optikusneuritis-Modell. Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-987769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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36
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Strik H, Buhk JH, Nitsche MA, Giese A, Bock C, Bähr M. Rechallenge of malignant gliomas with Temozolomide – can it be effective? Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-988032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Göricke B, Lingor P, Stadelmann-Nessler C, Kastrup A, Bähr M, Kermer P. MSA-C presenting with leukencephalopathy. Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-987916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Abstract
Functional characterization of disease-related proteins, their splice variants and dominant negative mutants in the context of complex CNS tissues such as brain and retina is frequently assessed by in vivo gene transfer. For correct interpretation of results it is imperative that the protein under investigation is unambiguously detected in the transduced cell types and can be distinguished from any endogenously expressed physiological variants. Therefore the first systematic evaluation of epitope tags used to trace ectopically expressed proteins in the central nervous system is presented here. Substantial differences in the performances of various epitope tag-antibody combinations with respect to sensitivity, specificity and influence of the epitope tag on the fusion protein are elucidated. Epitope tags already established for protein detection in vitro and to some extent in vivo (c-Myc, HA and FLAG tags) were immunohistochemically detected with high sensitivity. However, detection of these tags revealed problems with background staining and we also document structural and functional influence of the tags on the fusion protein. In order to prevent such unwanted side-effects, epitope tags which have not yet been used for in vivo applications (IRS, EE and AU1 tags) were characterized in brain, retina and cultured neurons. While use of the IRS and EE tags was hindered by low sensitivity or specificity, optimal results were obtained with the AU1 epitope, which may develop into a standard tool for detection of ectopic protein expression in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Shevtsova
- Department of Neurology; University of Göttingen, Medical School, Waldweg 33, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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39
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Shevtsova Z, Malik I, Garrido M, Schöll U, Bähr M, Kügler S. Potentiation of in vivo neuroprotection by BclXL and GDNF co-expression depends on post-lesion time in deafferentiated CNS neurons. Gene Ther 2006; 13:1569-78. [PMID: 16838029 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate effective and long-lasting neuroprotective strategies, we analysed a combination of mitochondrial protection and neurotrophic support in two well-defined animal models of neurodegeneration, traumatic lesion of optic nerve and complete 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion of nigrostriatal pathway. Neuroprotection by BclX(L), Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or BclX(L) plus GDNF co-expression were studied at 2 weeks and at 6-8 weeks after lesions. In both lesion paradigms, the efficacy of this combination approach significantly differed depending on post-lesion time. We show that BclX(L) expression is more important for neuronal survival in the early phase after lesions, whereas GDNF-mediated neuroprotection becomes more prominent in the advanced state of neurodegeneration. BclX(L) expression was not sufficient to finally inhibit degeneration of deafferentiated central nervous system neurons. Long-lasting GDNF-mediated neuroprotection depended on BclX(L) co-expression in the traumatic lesion paradigm, but was independent of BclX(L) in the 6-OHDA lesion model. The results demonstrate that neuroprotection studies in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases should generally be performed over extended periods of time in order to reveal the actual potency of a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Shevtsova
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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40
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Isenmann S, Stoll G, Schroeter M, Krajewski S, Reed JC, Bähr M. Differential regulation of Bax, Bcl-2, and Bcl-X proteins in focal cortical ischemia in the rat. Brain Pathol 2006; 8:49-62; discussion 62-3. [PMID: 9458166 PMCID: PMC8098325 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.1998.tb00134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal ischemia in the parietal cortex of the rat results in massive neuronal death in the infarct zone and penumbra between 12 hours and 6 days after photothrombosis. To examine a possible role of Bcl-2 family proteins in this process of cell death, we investigated their expression by immunoblot assays and immunocytochemistry, and correlated expression patterns with TUNEL as well as morphological signs indicative of apoptosis. In the center of the lesion Bax immunostaining was increased in many degenerating neurons between 4 hours and 3 days after the induction of photothrombosis. At all time points examined, Bcl-2 and Bcl-X protein levels were markedly reduced in injured neurons as compared to the unlesioned side. At the border of the ischemic lesion, two areas were distinguished: 1 - 2 days after induction of photothrombosis, pyknotic cells located immediately adjacent to the lesion core displayed nuclear Bcl-X and Bax immunoreactivity. In contrast, large, morphologically intact neurons located more towards the healthy brain parenchyma displayed an increase in cytoplasmic Bcl-2 and Bcl-X proteins. Double staining for each of the Bcl-2 family proteins and TUNEL revealed that DNA strand breaks and nuclear fragmentation seen in cells located in the lesion core were often associated with increased levels of Bax, but not with elevated Bcl-2 or Bcl-X protein levels, suggesting a role for Bax in the induction of apoptotic death in these cells. The upregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X expression in surviving neurons close to the penumbra might reflect an active survival mechanism that protects these neurons from cell death following a sublethal insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Isenmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Germany.
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41
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Schilling S, Linker RA, König FB, Koziolek M, Bähr M, Müller GA, Paulus W, Gärtner J, Brück W, Chan A, Gold R. Plasmaaustausch bei steroidresistenten Multiple-Sklerose-Schüben. Nervenarzt 2006; 77:430-8. [PMID: 16341736 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-005-2019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with severe multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses which do not respond sufficiently to corticosteroids can undergo escalating immunotherapy with plasma exchange. We review the course of 14 apheresis cycles in 13 adult patients and three pediatric cases from our center between 2004 and 2005. Nine cases were due to optic neuritis, five had experienced clinically isolated syndromes, and two suffered from Devic's disease. Of the adult patients, 71% had good or very good outcome. The mean time point of improvement was after the third plasmapheresis session, and early initiation of plasma exchange therapy (within 1 month after begin of relapse) was associated with better outcome. In pediatric MS, two of three patients showed clear improvement. These data argue for a very good therapeutic effect of plasma exchange if performed early and with adequate indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schilling
- Institut für Multiple-Sklerose-Forschung, Bereich Humanmedizin der Universität Göttingen und Gemeinnützige Hertie-Stiftung
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42
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Neusch C, Kaiser M, Bähr M, Kirchhoff F. Expression of a glial potassium channel in the developing cerebellum and impact of its genetic inactivation on neuronal cell survival. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-939244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Neusch C, Senderek J, Bähr M, Schneider-Gold C. Charcot-Marie-Tooth polyneuropathy type 2A related to a mitofusin 2 gene mutation presenting as severe early-onset axonal polyneuropathy. Akt Neurol 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-953303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Strik H, Schmidt K, Lingor P, Tönges L, Wischhusen J, Weller M, Bähr M. Galectin-1-expression and effect on proliferation and migration of glioma cells. Akt Neurol 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-953184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Linker RA, Stadelmann C, Diem R, Bähr M, Brück W, Gold R. [Recent advances in pathogenesis and therapy of multiple sclerosis]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2005; 73:715-27. [PMID: 16355314 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-830256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this article, recent advances in the research on pathogenesis and therapy of multiple sclerosis (MS) will be summarized. New evidence from clinical studies, imaging, histopathology and experimental models are discussed with a focus on neurodegenerative aspects and evidence from recent therapeutic studies. During the last decade, important advances in immunotherapy have been achieved, which proved especially useful for patients with relapsing remitting MS. The introduction of interferons and glatiramer acetate into MS therapy often leads to a stabilization of the disease course if administered adequately and early. The pathogenetic insights presented here may open new avenues for innovative immunomodulatory approaches and lead to an individualized MS therapy in the future. Neuroprotective treatment strategies aim at the protection of glial and neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Linker
- Institut für Multiple Sklerose Forschung, Bereich Humanmedizin, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen und Gemeinnützige Hertie-Stiftung, Göttingen
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46
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Ebert S, Dietz G, Mitchell T, Michel U, Bähr M, Nau R. Limited protection of TAT-Bcl-XL against pneumolysin-induced neuronal cell death. Akt Neurol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-919421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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47
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Strik H, Luthe H, Nagel I, Ehrlich B, Bähr M. Automated CSF cytology - is conventional cytology still necessary? Akt Neurol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-919404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Pizzi M, Sarnico I, Boroni F, Benarese M, Steimberg N, Mazzoleni G, Dietz GPH, Bähr M, Liou HC, Spano PF. Erratum: NF-κB factor c-Rel mediates neuroprotection elicited by mGlu5 receptor agonists against amyloid β-peptide toxicity. Cell Death Differ 2005. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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49
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Abstract
The cellular suicide program (apoptosis) is important not only for many physiological processes spanning from embryonal development to aging but also for the pathogenesis and the course of a wide spectrum of diseases. Among these disorders are chronic neurodegenerative diseases including acquired and inherited degeneration of photoreceptors as well as retinal ganglion cells during retinitis pigmentosa, macular degeneration, optic neuritis, or glaucoma. In the following review we will address general pro- and antiapoptotic signal transduction cascades, their relevance for retinal degeneration focussing on retinal ganglion cells, and new therapeutic strategies evolving from these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kermer
- Neurologische Klinik, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen.
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50
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Schneider-Gold C, Bähr M, Gold R. Mykophenolatmofetil: eine neue Therapieoption bei neuroimmunologischen Erkrankungen. Akt Neurol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-866941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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