1
|
Verheijen MCT, Krauskopf J, Caiment F, Nazaruk M, Wen QF, van Herwijnen MHM, Hauser DA, Gajjar M, Verfaillie C, Vermeiren Y, De Deyn PP, Wittens MMJ, Sieben A, Engelborghs S, Dejonckheere W, Princen K, Griffioen G, Roggen EL, Briedé JJ. iPSC-derived cortical neurons to study sporadic Alzheimer disease: A transcriptome comparison with post-mortem brain samples. Toxicol Lett 2021; 356:89-99. [PMID: 34921933 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, characterized by the progressive impairment of cognition and memory loss. Sporadic AD (sAD) represents approximately 95 % of the AD cases and is induced by a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors called "Alzheimerogens". Heavy metals (e.g. copper) and pesticides (e.g. fipronil) can affect many AD-related processes, including neuroinflammation (considered as AD-inducing factor). Research would benefit from in vitro models to investigate effects of Alzheimerogens. We compared transcriptomics changes in sAD induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived cortical neurons to differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in post-mortem AD brain tissue. These analyses showed that many AD-related processes could be identified in the sAD iPSC-derived neurons, and furthermore, could even identify more DEGs functioning in these processes than post-mortem AD-brain tissue. Thereafter, we exposed the iPSCs to AD-inducing factors (copper(II)chloride, fipronil sulfone and an inflammatory cytokine cocktail). Cytokine exposure induced expression of immune related genes while copper-exposure affected genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism, which are known AD-related processes. Fipronil-exposure did not result in significant transcriptomic changes, although prolonged exposures or higher doses may be necessary. Overall, we show that iPSC-derived cortical neurons can be beneficial in vitro models to identify Alzheimerogens and AD-related molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C T Verheijen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; MHeNS, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - J Krauskopf
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - F Caiment
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M Nazaruk
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Q F Wen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M H M van Herwijnen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - D A Hauser
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M Gajjar
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Verfaillie
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Y Vermeiren
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - P P De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, eindendreef 1, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - M M J Wittens
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium; Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
| | - A Sieben
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - S Engelborghs
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium; Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
| | - W Dejonckheere
- reMYND, Bio-Incubator (Wetenschapspark), Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - K Princen
- reMYND, Bio-Incubator (Wetenschapspark), Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - G Griffioen
- reMYND, Bio-Incubator (Wetenschapspark), Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - E L Roggen
- ToxGenSolutions BV, Oxfordlaan 70, 6229 EV Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - J J Briedé
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; MHeNS, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van Kesteren PCE, Zwart PE, Schaap MM, Pronk TE, van Herwijnen MHM, Kleinjans JCS, Bokkers BGH, Godschalk RWL, Zeilmaker MJ, van Steeg H, Luijten M. Benzo[a]pyrene-induced transcriptomic responses in primary hepatocytes and in vivo liver: toxicokinetics is essential for in vivo-in vitro comparisons. Arch Toxicol 2012; 87:505-15. [PMID: 23052197 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The traditional 2-year cancer bioassay needs replacement by more cost-effective and predictive tests. The use of toxicogenomics in an in vitro system may provide a more high-throughput method to investigate early alterations induced by carcinogens. Recently, the differential gene expression response in wild-type and cancer-prone Xpa (-/-) p53 (+/-) primary mouse hepatocytes after exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) revealed downregulation of cancer-related pathways in Xpa (-/-) p53 (+/-) hepatocytes only. Here, we investigated pathway regulation upon in vivo B[a]P exposure of wild-type and Xpa (-/-) p53 (+/-) mice. In vivo transcriptomics analysis revealed a limited gene expression response in mouse livers, but with a significant induction of DNA replication and apoptotic/anti-apoptotic cellular responses in Xpa (-/-) p53 (+/-) livers only. In order to be able to make a meaningful in vivo-in vitro comparison we estimated internal in vivo B[a]P concentrations using DNA adduct levels and physiologically based kinetic modeling. Based on these results, the in vitro concentration that corresponded best with the internal in vivo dose was chosen. Comparison of in vivo and in vitro data demonstrated similarities in transcriptomics response: xenobiotic metabolism, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. However, we were unable to detect cancer-related pathways in either wild-type or Xpa (-/-) p53 (+/-) exposed livers, which were previously found to be induced by B[a]P in Xpa (-/-) p53 (+/-) primary hepatocytes. In conclusion, we showed parallels in gene expression responses between livers and primary hepatocytes upon exposure to equivalent concentrations of B[a]P. Furthermore, we recommend considering toxicokinetics when modeling a complex in vivo endpoint with in vitro models.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Benzo(a)pyrene/pharmacokinetics
- Benzo(a)pyrene/toxicity
- Carcinogenicity Tests/methods
- Carcinogens/pharmacokinetics
- Carcinogens/toxicity
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/chemically induced
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Computer Simulation
- DNA Adducts/metabolism
- DNA Replication/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- High-Throughput Screening Assays
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Biological
- Primary Cell Culture
- Risk Assessment
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P C E van Kesteren
- Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
van Leeuwen DM, van Herwijnen MHM, Pedersen M, Knudsen LE, Kirsch-Volders M, Sram RJ, Staal YCM, Bajak E, van Delft JHM, Kleinjans JCS. Genome-wide differential gene expression in children exposed to air pollution in the Czech Republic. Mutat Res 2006; 600:12-22. [PMID: 16814814 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The Teplice area in the Czech Republic is a mining district where elevated levels of air pollution including airborne carcinogens, have been demonstrated, especially during winter time. This environmental exposure can impact human health; in particular children may be more vulnerable. To study the impact of air pollution in children at the transcriptional level, peripheral blood cells were subjected to whole genome response analysis, in order to identify significantly modulated biological pathways and processes as a result of exposure. Using genome-wide oligonucleotide microarrays, we investigated differential gene expression in children from the Teplice area (n=23) and compared them with children from the rural control area of Prachatice (n=24). In an additional approach, individual gene expressions were correlated with individual peripheral blood lymphocyte micronuclei frequencies, in order to evaluate the linkage of individual gene expressions with an established biomarker of effect that is representative for increased genotoxic risk. Children from the Teplice area showed a significantly higher average micronuclei frequency than Prachatice children (p=0.023). For considerable numbers of genes, the expression differed significantly between the children from the two areas. Amongst these genes, considerable numbers of genes were observed to correlate significantly with the frequencies of micronuclei. The main biological process that appeared significantly affected overall was nucleosome assembly. This suggests an effect of air pollution on the primary structural unit of the condensed DNA. In addition, several other pathways were modulated. Based on the results of this study, we suggest that transcriptomic analysis represents a promising biomarker for environmental carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M van Leeuwen
- Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moonen HJJ, Dommels YEM, van Zwam M, van Herwijnen MHM, Kleinjans JCS, Alink GM, de Kok TMCM. Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on prostaglandin synthesis and cyclooxygenase-mediated DNA adduct formation by heterocyclic aromatic amines in human adenocarcinoma colon cells. Mol Carcinog 2004; 40:180-8. [PMID: 15224350 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dietary heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are both believed to play a role in colon carcinogenesis, and are both substrate for the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). In HCA-7 cells, highly expressing isoform COX-2, we investigated the effects of PUFA on prostaglandin synthesis and DNA adduct formation by the HCA 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ). Furthermore, we studied the role of COX, COX-2 in particular, and cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) by using the enzyme inhibitors indomethacin (IM), NS-398, and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), respectively. COX-mediated formation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from linoleic acid (LA) showed that HCA-7 cells can convert LA into arachidonic acid (AA). Alternatively, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was found to compete with AA for COX. Strongly decreased PGE2 levels by addition of IM demonstrated involvement of COX in PUFA metabolism. Both IM and NS-398 inhibited adduct formation by HCA to nearly the same extent, indicating involvement of COX-2 rather than COX-1, while CYP1A2 activity in HCA-7 cells was demonstrated by addition of PEITC. Overall, inhibiting effects were stronger for PhIP than for IQ. HCA-DNA adduct formation was stimulated by addition of PUFA, although high PUFA concentrations partly reduced this stimulating effect. Finally, similar effects for n-3 and n-6 fatty acids suggested that adduct formation may not be the crucial mechanism behind the differential effects of PUFA on colon carcinogenesis that have been described. These results show that COX, and COX-2 in particular, can play a substantial role in HCA activation, especially in extrahepatic tissues like the colon. Furthermore, the obvious interactions between PUFA and HCA in COX-2 expressing cancer cells may be important in modulating colorectal cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J J Moonen
- Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|