[Laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal repair of strangulated groin hernia]

OBJECTIVE

To study the possibility of totally extraperitoneal repair combined with diagnostic laparoscopy in the treatment of strangulated groin hernias (Laparoscopy-Assisted Totally Extraperitoneal Plasty, LATEP).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

We analyzed the results of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernia repair. The trocar placement technique was modified. There were 38 patients with strangulated groin hernia. The sample included 26 patients with strangulated inguinal hernia, 9 ones with strangulated femoral hernia and 3 patients with recurrent strangulated inguinal hernia.

RESULTS

LATEP was attempted in 38 patients and successful in 37 (97.3%) cases. In 1 (2.6%) patient, correction of small bowel strangulation was failed and conversion to open surgery was required. In 29 patients (76.3%), correction of strangulation was performed after laparoscopy-assisted external manipulations and careful traction from abdominal cavity. In 8 (21%) cases, strangulation spontaneously regressed before laparoscopy. Laparoscopy confirmed viability of strangulated organs in 36 patients. One (2.6%) patient required bowel resection due to small intestine wall necrosis. Later, all patients underwent totally extraperitoneal repair. We were able to prevent the contact of hernia sac fluid with the implant in all cases. At the stage of preperitoneal repair, local damage to peritoneum occurred in 9 patients. Nevertheless, sealing was not required since hernia fluid was previously removed from abdominal cavity. There were no signs of implant infection and hernia recurrence within 6-14 months.

CONCLUSION

Totally extraperitoneal repair combined with diagnostic laparoscopy is possible for strangulated groin hernias.

[Open and laparoscopic surgery via minimally invasive approach in the treatment of perforated ulcer: a systematic review and metaanalysis]

OBJECTIVE

Systematic review and metaanalysis of the effectiveness of open and minimally invasive laparoscopic suturing of perforated peptic ulcer.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Searching for Russian and English language reports included Scientific Electronic Library, Cochrane Collaboration Library and PubMed databases. We have analyzed contents of specialized journals, reviews and their references. Unpublished data were obtained via communication with chiefs of national surgical hospitals. RevMan 5.3 software was used for metaanalysis.

RESULTS

We found no international randomized trials in available literature. Metaanalysis was based on national non-randomized studies. Total sample was 1177 cases. Laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery was performed in 43% of cases (n=503), open suturing - in 57% (n=674) of patients. Choice of these procedures is not currently not standardized. Minimally invasive procedures are shorter in time (mean difference -8.02, 95% CI -11.26 - -4.77, p<0.00001) and ensure less hospital-stay (mean difference -1.93, 95% CI -2.97 - -0.88, p=0.0003). Complications were less common (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.07-0.27, p<0.00001) after minimally invasive operations (2.4%, 12/503) compared to laparotomy (11.4%, 77/674). Incidence of suture failure was similar (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.1-1.6, p=0.2) (0.4% (2/503) vs. 0.7% (5/674)). Postoperative mortality was higher (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05-0.37, p<0.0001) after laparotomy (8%, 54/674) compared to laparoscopy (0.8%, 4/503).

CONCLUSION

A metaanalysis indicates the advantage of laparoscopy-assisted suturing of perforated ulcer via minimally invasive approach over laparotomy. The absence of a standardized approach in choosing of minimally invasive laparotomy and conventional approach is a limitation of these results.

Diagnostic and conservative treatment nuances in patients with obstructive jaundice: in the wake of Russian consensus

The research was performed at the Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center. It is based on Russian obstructive jaundice (OJ) consensus results, considered at the 45th annual Central Research Institute of Gastroenterology Scientific session Oncological issues in the gastroenterologist practice (1 March 2019). The article objective is to note the diagnostic and conservative treatment current issues in patients with OJ. The increase in the number of patients with OJ of different etiology provides problem actuality. In a large number of cases, medical treatment is delayed due to inadequate diagnostic and management, while correct patients routing today can be provided regardless of medical institution level. In this article the examination steps and conservative treatment role in patients with biliary obstruction management are presented.

[Russian consensus on current issues in the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive jaundice syndrome]

The Russian consensus document on topical issues of the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive jaundice syndrome was prepared by a group of experts in various fields of surgery, endoscopy, interventional radiology, radiological diagnosis and intensive care. The goal of this document is to clarify and consolidate the opinions of national experts on the following issues: timing of diagnosis of obstructive jaundice, features of diagnostic measures, the need and possibility of conservative measures for obstructive jaundice, and strategy of biliary decompression depending on the cause and level of biliary block.

HOW ACTIVE SHOULD BE SURGICAL TACTIC IN TREATMENT OF ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS?

Acute cholecystitis (AC) is one of the most common surgical diagnoses in emergency setting. Despite its high incidence there remains a range of treatment approaches. There is growing evidence in support of performing early cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis but the definition of early operation varies from 0 through 10 days from onset or admission. The optimum time to perform cholecystectomy is still controversial. Aim. To determine the best practice for the patients presenting with AC focused on patients characteristics, timing of surgery, disease severity and intra- and postoperative complications. Materials and Methods. A multicentric retrospective study was conducted and included 754 patients operated for acute cholecystitis at 8 hospitals in 4 cities of Russian Federation (Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Volgograd, Kislovodsk) during 1 year period (from Jan 1, 2011 to Dec 31, 2011). Median time from symptoms onset to hospitalization varied from 15 to 72 hours, and median time spent at hospitals before operation was 9-71 hours. Results. We found that optimal time for cholecystectomy is 60 hours from the onset of symptoms in Grade I AC (TG18) and 36 hours for patients with Grade II of the disease. Delay of the operation beyond this time leads to more difficult cholecystectomies and higher complication rates. We compared results of the surgical treatment of AC in 2 groups of patients, operated in median 9 [4; 13] and 50 [29; 88] hours from admission using propensity score matching technique. Rate of Grade I AC in the 1st group was higher (59,8% vs 17,0%, p < 0,001) and incidences of gangrenous cholecystitis (15,3% vs 34,1%, p < 0,001) and difficult cholecystectomies (28,4% vs 41,5%, p=0,003) were lower. The Integral Complications Severity Index (based on Accordion classification and takes into account all intra- and postoperative complications and summarizes their respective severity) was also lower in the 1st group. Conclusions. The optimal time for cholecystectomy for mild (Grade I) acute cholecystitis is 60 hours of presentation of disease and for Grade II - 36 hours from symptoms onset. Cholecystectomy performed after short trial conservative treatment in 6-8 hours from admission yielded the best outcomes.

[Laparoscopic rendezvous surgery for cholecystocholedocholithiasis]

OBJECTIVE

To present a modified technique of laparoscopic surgery (Rendezvous technique) for cholecystocholedocholithiasis.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

There were 41 patients with cholecystocholedocholithiasis who underwent hybrid single-stage laparoscopic surgery (Rendezvous technique) as an alternative to conventional two-stage approach.

RESULTS

Two (4.8%) patients had elevated serum amylase level without signs of pancreatitis in postoperative period. Other 2 patients required redo transpapillary intervention due to residual stones. Laparoscopic interventions were successful in 95.2% of cases.

[Epidemiology and risk factors of adverse outcome in nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding]

AIM

To identify risk factors of adverse outcomes in patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Epidemiological observational analytical longitudinal retrospective cohort study included 312 patients who were hospitalized in the Clinical Hospital #40 of Yekaterinburg in 2014-2016. The main inclusion criterion was nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

RESULTS

In-hospital mortality was 31 (9.9%) of 312 patients. Multivariate analysis confirmed the following risk factors of mortality: severity of blood loss (OR 22.70, 95% CI 5.08-102.00); open surgery (OR 15.20, 95% CI 2.71-74.80); M. Charlson comorbidity index (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.34-3.43); risk of recurrent bleeding according to T. Rockall scale (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.18-2.64).

CONCLUSION

Independent risk factors of adverse outcomes in patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding are severe hemorrhagic shock, open surgery, high M. Charlson comorbidity index and risk of recurrent bleeding according to T. Rockall scale.

[The comparative analysis of laparoscopic and minilaparotomic techniques in emergency abdominal surgery]

Owing the experience of 16 101 miniinvasive operations by acute diseases of the abdominal cavity, the authors pose that the introduction of polytechnological methods has certain perspectives. The combination of different methods with the use of modern technologies lead to better results.

[Rapid diagnosis of purulent-destructive forms of acute calculous cholecystitis]

Results of examinations and treatment of 200 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis were analyzed. It is demonstrated that risk of purulent-destructive forms depends on nature of pathologic process in the gall bladder. Among patients with obstructive calculous cholecystitis 79.7% underwent surgery due to purulent-destructive forms of the disease, with non-obstructive calculous cholecystitis -- 38.9%. Risk of intraabdominal complications depends on the fact of obstruction of gallbladder neck and extrahepatic bile ducts. Algorithm of a rapid diagnosis was diagnosed. It permits to diagnose purulent-necrotic forms of acute calculous cholecystitis in 63.5% patients during 2 hours and in 85.7% patients during 6 hours from the time of hospitalization that ensures timely surgery.

[A scale for estimating multiple organ dysfunction in surgical patients]

A scale is proposed for estimating the severity of multiple organ dysfunction in surgical patients and its changes in the course of treatment. The scale was tried in 37 patients after abdominal operations. Estimations performed by means of the scale ore revealed good correlation with the patient's clinical status. Routine parameters are used in the scale, which facilitates its utilization in any surgical intensive care. The scale helps evaluate the severity of each system damage.

[Minilaparotomy and "open" laparoscopic surgeries in treatment of patients with cholelithiasis]

The theoretical bases and techniques of an original method for operations on the abdominal organs and peculiarities of the instruments used are discussed. The results of treatment of 374 patients by "open" laparoscopic operations are shown. These were: cholecystectomy with intraoperative cholangiography, choledochotomy, choledocholithotomy, choledochostomy and formation of choledochoduodenostomy. The author claims that the method supplements the conventional laparoscopic and laparotomy method of transabdominal operations. It is suggested that such methods may prove valuable in urology and gynecology.

[Conservative treatment of hepaticocholedochus stones via external biliary fistulae]

The experience with non-surgical treatment of retained stones in 13 patients is described. The treatment was successful in 8 cases. The method of dissolution of the stones and their mechanical removal with the help of a lithotrap of own design was used. The conclusion is drawn, that the treatment of the patients with gallstones in presence of external biliary fistulas should start from conservative methods.