[New botulinum toxins for aesthetic dermatology : A comprehensive review]

Facial rejuvenation is gaining immense popularity among patients and clinicians. Botulinum toxins derived from bacteria are well-tolerated options as minimally invasive interventions for facial rejuvenation or other aesthetic procedures. These products have revolutionized aesthetic treatments. Several types of botulinum toxins (BoNT) are available. Currently type A and B are clinically used and only BoNT‑A products are approved for use for cosmetic indications in the Germany and the United States. Each product is unique in terms of its composition. Understanding the various BoNT‑A products is essential in choosing the optimal treatment for our patients. In this article we discuss different BoNT‑A products used for aesthetic intervention.

Imprinting isolated single iron atoms onto mesoporous silica by templating with metallosurfactants

HYPOTHESIS

One of the main drawbacks of metal-supported materials, traditionally prepared by the impregnation of metal salts onto pre-synthesized porous supports, is the formation of large and unevenly dispersed particles. Generally, the larger are the particles, the lower is the number of catalytic sites. Maximum atom exposure can be reached within single-atom materials, which appear therefore as the next generation of porous catalysts.

EXPERIMENTS

Herein, we designed single iron atom-supported silica materials through sol-gel hydrothermal treatment using mixtures of a non-ionic surfactant (Pluronic P123) and a metallosurfactant (cetyltrimethylammoniumtrichloromonobromoferrate, CTAF) as porogens. The ratio between the Pluronic P123 and the CTAF enables to control the silica structural and textural properties. More importantly, CTAF acts as an iron source, which amount could be simply tuned by varying the non-ionic/metallo surfactants molar ratio.

FINDINGS

The fine distribution of iron atoms onto the silica mesopores results from the iron distribution within the mixed micelles, which serve as templates for the polymerization of the silica matrix. Several characterization methods were used to determine the structural and textural properties of the silica material (XRD, N₂ sorption isotherms and TEM) and the homogeneous distribution and lack of clustering of iron atoms in the resulting materials (elemental analysis, magnetic measurements, pair distribution function (PDF), MAS-NMR and TEM mapping). The oxidation and spin state of single-iron atoms determined from their magnetic properties were confirmed by DFT calculations. This strategy might find straightforward applications in preparing versatile single atom catalysts, with improved efficiency compared to nanosized ones.

[Role of deep sedation phacoemulsification with scleral tunnel]

PURPOSE

To describe a method of deep sedation without adjunctive periocular injection in phacoemulsification with a scleral tunnel technique.

METHODS

All patients undergoing phacoemulsification with a scleral tunnel and foldable intraocular lens for cataract between May 2011 and November 2014 received deep sedation including a bolus of midazolam and fentanyl followed by a continuous perfusion of dexmedetomidine throughout the surgical procedure. The patients and medical team evaluated pain, sedation, clinical status of the patient, and surgeon comfort.

RESULTS

One thousand and five hundred patients were included, representing 1763 eyes. Ramsay's sedation score was 2 in 7.13% of cases and 3 in 86.3%, which allowed surgery to be performed under very satisfactory conditions. On a scale of 1 to 10, intraoperative pain was less than or equal to 1 in 81.2% of cases. The bradycardic and hypotensive effects of dexmedetomidine were appreciable, while respiratory depression was not observed. Only 1 case of severe agitation during surgery directly resulted in a vitreous issue. Some simple precautions allow optimization of the advantages of this method of anesthesia.

CONCLUSION

The deep sedation method including bolus injections of midazolam and fentanyl and continuous perfusion of dexmedetomidine affords a certain comfort to the patient as well as the surgeon in phacoemulsification of cataract through a scleral tunnel without adjunctive periocular injection.

[Esthetics, cosmetics and ophthalmology]

The authors studied many aspects of the cosmetics used around the eye: composition, directions for use, risks for the eyes and their adnexa, and also practical preventive measures. In the future, the cosmetics industry should offer products designed for maximum eye safety.

Recurrent digital ischemia due to thrombosis of the persistent median artery

A case of recurrent digital ischemia due to thrombosis of the persistent median artery is presented. Diagnosis and treatment are based on accepted principles of therapy for upper extremity vascular disorders.

[An exhaustive study of the frequency of vision disorders in children 5-18 years of age at a Lebanese school]

From October 1995 to June 1996, 935 children (439 boys and 496 girls) aged between 5 and 18 years old (mean 11.6 years) were examined in their school in Saida (Lebanon) for visual disorders. All examinations were conducted by the same investigator (MK) and consisted of an evaluation of both external oculomotricity and visual acuity (VA) for far vision only. Sixty-five children were examined twice to check the validity of the results. The children were classified into two groups according to the findings: -Normal: children with VA above 14/20 degrees (the two eyes being equal or differing by less than 4/20 degrees) and normal oculomotricity. -Abnormal: children with VA below 14/20 degrees and/or oculomotricity disorder. Seventy percent of the ametropic group were unaware of their visual defect which can lead to the development of amblyopia. This is of importance, because the longer treatment for amblyopia is delayed, the lower the chance of complete recovery. We hope that this study will stimulate other studies, including those addressing all children over two years old, and that this in turn will lead to measures to improve the ocular health of the population.