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Couturier J, Lock J, Kimber M, McVey G, Barwick M, Niccols A, Webb C, Findlay S, Woodford T. Themes arising in clinical consultation for therapists implementing family-based treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a qualitative study. J Eat Disord 2017; 5:28. [PMID: 28878927 PMCID: PMC5582386 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-017-0161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study aims to explore and describe themes arising in sessions of clinical consultation with therapists implementing Family-Based Treatment (FBT) for adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa (AN). There is currently no literature describing the content of clinical consultation for FBT. Thus, this knowledge will add to the evidence-base on what therapists need from consultants in ongoing clinical consultation. METHODS Eight therapists at four sites participated in this study, which spanned a two-year period. Following a two-day training workshop, each therapist treated at least one adolescent patient presenting with a restrictive eating disorder with FBT, focusing on adherence to the treatment manual. Clinical consultation sessions occurred monthly and were led by an external FBT expert. Thirty-five (average per site = 9) audio recorded group clinical consultation sessions were transcribed verbatim and coded for themes. Twenty percent of the transcripts were double-coded to ensure consistency. Fundamental qualitative description guided the sampling and data collection. RESULTS Thematic content analysis revealed ten common themes relating to the provision of clinical consultation to therapists implementing FBT in clinical practice: encouraging parental meal time supervision,discussing the role of mothers, how to align parents, ensuring parental buy-in, when to transition to Phase 2, weighing the patient and the patients' knowledge of their weight, the role of siblings in FBT sessions, how best to manage patient co-morbidities, the role of the father in FBT and how best to manage the family meal. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, clinical consultation themes aligned with many of the central tenets of FBT, including how to help parents align their supportive approach during the refeeding process, and how to help parents assume control of eating disordered behaviours. This knowledge helps to guide consultants to anticipate common issues brought forward by therapists attempting to implement FBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Couturier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8N3Z5 Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - J Lock
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - M Kimber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8N3Z5 Canada.,Offord Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - G McVey
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Barwick
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Niccols
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8N3Z5 Canada.,Offord Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - C Webb
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8N3Z5 Canada
| | - S Findlay
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - T Woodford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8N3Z5 Canada
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Agbedanu P, No author NA, Brewer M, No author NA, Day T, Kimber M, Anderson K, Rasmussen S, Carlson M. Involvement of a putative intercellular signal-recognizing G protein-coupled receptor in the engulfment of Salmonella by the protozoan Tetrahymena. Open Vet J 2013. [DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2013.v3.i2.p69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to investigate the molecular basis of protozoa engulfment-mediated hypervirulence of Salmonella in cattle, we evaluated protozoan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as transducers of Salmonella engulfment by the model protozoan Tetrahymena. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that non-pathogenic protozoa (including Tetrahymena) engulf Salmonella and then exacerbate its virulence in cattle, but the mechanistic details of the phenomenon are not fully understood. GPCRs were investigated since these receptors facilitate phagocytosis of particulates by Tetrahymena, and a GPCR apparently modulates bacterial engulfment for the pathogenic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. A database search identified three putative Tetrahymena GPCRs, based on sequence homologies and predicted transmembrane domains, that were the focus of this study. Salmonella engulfment by Tetrahymena was assessed in the presence of suramin, a non-specific GPCR inhibitor. Salmonella engulfment was also assessed in Tetrahymena in which expression of putative GPCRs was knocked-down using RNAi. A candidate GPCR was then expressed in a heterologous yeast expression system for further characterization. Our results revealed that Tetrahymena were less efficient at engulfing Salmonella in the presence of suramin. Engulfment was reduced concordantly with a reduction in the density of protozoa. RNAi-based studies revealed that knock-down of one the Tetrahymena GPCRs caused diminished engulfment of Salmonella. Tetrahymena lysates activated this receptor in the heterologous expression system. These data demonstrate that the Tetrahymena receptor is a putative GPCR that facilitates bacterial engulfment by Tetrahymena. Activation of the putative GPCR seemed to be related to protozoan cell density, suggesting that its cognate ligand is an intercellular signaling molecule.
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Luoni G, Forton J, Jallow M, Sadighi Akha E, Sisay-Joof F, Pinder M, Hanchard N, Herbert M, Kimber M, Mott R, Hull J, Rockett K, Kwiatkowski D. Population-specific patterns of linkage disequilibrium in the human 5q31 region. Genes Immun 2006; 6:723-7. [PMID: 16052173 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Linkage disequilibrium across the human genome is generally lower in West Africans than Europeans. However in the 5q31 region, which is rich in immune genes, we find significantly more examples of apparent nonrecombination between distant marker pairs in West Africans. Much of this effect is due to SNPs that are absent in Europeans, possibly reflecting recent positive selection in the West African population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Luoni
- University Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxon OX3 7BN, UK
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Abstract
Caffeine, which stimulates intracellular Ca2+ release channels known as ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels, induces contraction of individual muscle fibres dissociated from the trematode Schistosoma mansoni, and the turbellarians Dugesia tigrina and Procerodes littoralis. Caffeine is much more potent on S. mansoni fibres (EC50 0.7 mM) than those from D. tigrina or P. littoralis (3.2 mM and 4.6 mM, respectively). These caffeine-induced contractions are blocked by ryanodine, confirming the presence of functional RyR channels in these flatworm muscles. However, the contractions are not blocked by typical RyR channel blockers ruthenium red or neomycin, indicating that there may be important pharmacological differences between the RyR channels in this early-diverging phylum and those of later animals. These studies demonstrate that RyR channels are present in the muscle of these flatworms, and that the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores sufficient Ca2+ to support contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Day
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
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