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Borland ML, Foster SJ, Cooper MN, Oosterhof S. Should oral corticosteroids be prescribed for preschool viral wheeze? - Authors' reply. Lancet Respir Med 2018; 6:e22. [PMID: 29856324 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M L Borland
- Emergency Department, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA 6840, Australia; Divisions of Paediatrics and Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - S J Foster
- Emergency Department, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA 6840, Australia
| | - M N Cooper
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - S Oosterhof
- Emergency Department, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA 6840, Australia
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Foster SJ, Cooper MN, Oosterhof S, Borland ML. Oral prednisolone in preschool children with virus-associated wheeze: a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2018; 6:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cooper MN, Lin A, Alvares GA, de Klerk NH, Jones TW, Davis EA. Psychiatric disorders during early adulthood in those with childhood onset type 1 diabetes: Rates and clinical risk factors from population-based follow-up. Pediatr Diabetes 2017; 18:599-606. [PMID: 27878933 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the incidence of and risk factors for psychiatric disorders in early adulthood in patients with childhood onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS In this retrospective-cohort study, we identified a population-based childhood onset T1D cohort and an age and sex matched (5:1) non-diabetic comparison cohort. Data linkage was used to access inpatient hospitalization data, mental health support service data, and mortality data to follow-up both cohorts into early adulthood. RESULTS The mean age of T1D diagnosis was 9.5 years (SD 4.1), with a mean age at end of follow-up of 26.4 years (SD 5.2, max 37.7). The diagnosis of any psychiatric disorder was observed for 187 of 1302 (14.3%) in the T1D cohort and 400 of 6422 (6.2%) in the comparison cohort [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.3; 95% CI 1.9, 2.7]. Anxiety, eating, mood, and personality and behaviour disorders were observed at higher rates within the T1D cohort. Comorbid psychiatric disorders were more frequent, at the cohort level, within the T1D cohort (2-3 disorders 3.76% vs 1.56%) and service utilization was higher (15+ contacts 6.8% vs 2.8%); though these differences did not remain when restricted to only those individuals diagnosed during follow-up. A history of poor glycaemic control was associated with an increased risk of anxiety, mood, and 'any' disorder (HR ranging from 1.35 to 1.42 for each 1% increase in mean paediatric HbA1c). CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the need for access to mental health support services as part of routine patient care for young adults with T1D, and for better predictive tools to facilitate targeting at-risk patients with early intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Cooper
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - A Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - G A Alvares
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - N H de Klerk
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,The School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - T W Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,The School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia
| | - E A Davis
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,The School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia
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Abraham MB, Davey RJ, Cooper MN, Paramalingam N, O'Grady MJ, Ly TT, Jones TW, Fournier PA, Davis EA. Reproducibility of the plasma glucose response to moderate-intensity exercise in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2017; 34:1291-1295. [PMID: 28586529 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to evaluate the reproducibility of the plasma glucose response to moderate-intensity exercise performed on different days under controlled conditions in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. METHODS Eight adolescents with Type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion completed two exercise sessions, each on two separate days, under basal insulin and fasting conditions. On each day, participants cycled twice for 30 min at 55% of their peak rate of oxygen consumption, with each exercise session separated by a 30-min rest. RESULTS Plasma insulin levels were similar between testing days and exercise sessions. The mean absolute drop in plasma glucose from the commencement to the end of exercise was 1.6 ± 0.5 mmol/l on day 1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 mmol/l on day 2 (P = 0.3). In response to the first exercise session, plasma glucose levels relative to baseline did not change significantly (0.2 ± 0.6 and -0.2 ± 0.5 mmol/l on days 1 and 2). By contrast, the change in plasma glucose during the second exercise session was -1.1 ± 0.7 and -1.3 ± 0.7mmol/l on days 1 and 2, respectively. The mean absolute intra-individual difference in the change in plasma glucose between testing days were 0.7 ± 0.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4-1.0] and 0.7 ± 0.4 (95% CI 0.4-1.0) mmol/l, at the end of the first and second exercise sessions respectively. CONCLUSIONS The plasma glucose response to moderate-intensity exercise under similar glycaemic and basal insulin conditions can be reproducible in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Abraham
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - R J Davey
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - M N Cooper
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - N Paramalingam
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - M J O'Grady
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - T T Ly
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - T W Jones
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - P A Fournier
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - E A Davis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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McKnight JA, Wild SH, Lamb MJE, Cooper MN, Jones TW, Davis EA, Hofer S, Fritsch M, Schober E, Svensson J, Almdal T, Young R, Warner JT, Delemer B, Souchon PF, Holl RW, Karges W, Kieninger DM, Tigas S, Bargiota A, Sampanis C, Cherubini V, Gesuita R, Strele I, Pildava S, Coppell KJ, Magee G, Cooper JG, Dinneen SF, Eeg-Olofsson K, Svensson AM, Gudbjornsdottir S, Veeze H, Aanstoot HJ, Khalangot M, Tamborlane WV, Miller KM. Glycaemic control of Type 1 diabetes in clinical practice early in the 21st century: an international comparison. Diabet Med 2015; 32:1036-50. [PMID: 25510978 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Improving glycaemic control in people with Type 1 diabetes is known to reduce complications. Our aim was to compare glycaemic control among people with Type 1 diabetes using data gathered in regional or national registries. METHODS Data were obtained for children and/or adults with Type 1 diabetes from the following countries (or regions): Western Australia, Austria, Denmark, England, Champagne-Ardenne (France), Germany, Epirus, Thessaly and Thessaloniki (Greece), Galway (Ireland), several Italian regions, Latvia, Rotterdam (The Netherlands), Otago (New Zealand), Norway, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Sweden, Volyn (Ukraine), USA and Wales) from population or clinic-based registries. The sample size with available data varied from 355 to 173 880. Proportions with HbA1c < 58 mmol/mol (< 7.5%) and ≥ 75 mmol/mol (≥ 9.0%) were compared by age and sex. RESULTS Data were available for 324 501 people. The proportions with HbA1c 58 mmol/mol (< 7.5%) varied from 15.7% to 46.4% among 44 058 people aged < 15 years, from 8.9% to 49.5% among 50 766 people aged 15-24 years and from 20.5% to 53.6% among 229 677 people aged ≥ 25 years. Sex differences in glycaemic control were small. Proportions of people using insulin pumps varied between the 12 sources with data available. CONCLUSION These results suggest that there are substantial variations in glycaemic control among people with Type 1 diabetes between the data sources and that there is room for improvement in all populations, especially in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A McKnight
- Metabolic Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh and University of Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology Group
| | - S H Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology Group
| | - M J E Lamb
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology Group
| | - M N Cooper
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia
| | - T W Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - E A Davis
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - S Hofer
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
- German/Austria DPV database
| | - M Fritsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- German/Austria DPV database
| | - E Schober
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- German/Austria DPV database
| | - J Svensson
- Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Denmark
| | - T Almdal
- Department of Medicine F, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - R Young
- Salford Royal Foundation NHS Trust, Salford, UK
| | - J T Warner
- Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, UK
- National Pediatric Diabetes Audit and the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health
| | - B Delemer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, American Memorial Hospital, University Hospital of Rheims, France
| | - P F Souchon
- Department of Pediatrics, American Memorial Hospital, University Hospital of Rheims, France
- CARéDIAB Network
| | - R W Holl
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Germany
- German/Austria DPV database
| | - W Karges
- Division of Endocrinology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- German/Austria DPV database
| | - D M Kieninger
- Diabetes Division, Department of Paediatrics, Universitätsmedizin Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Germany
- German/Austria DPV database
| | - S Tigas
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Ioannina, Greece
| | - A Bargiota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - C Sampanis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V Cherubini
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, SalesiHospital, Ancona, Italy
- RIDI Study Group
| | - R Gesuita
- Centre of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy
| | - I Strele
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - S Pildava
- The Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - K J Coppell
- Edgar Diabetes and Obesity Research, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - G Magee
- Daisy Hill Hospital, Newry, County Down, UK
| | - J G Cooper
- Norwegian Adult Diabetes Register, Noklus, Bergen, Norway
| | - S F Dinneen
- Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
- NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Galway University Hospitals Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism
| | - K Eeg-Olofsson
- Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- National Diabetes Register in Sweden
| | - A-M Svensson
- Centre of Registers in Region VöstraGötaland, Göteborg, Sweden
- National Diabetes Register in Sweden
| | - S Gudbjornsdottir
- Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Centre of Registers in Region VöstraGötaland, Göteborg, Sweden
- National Diabetes Register in Sweden
| | - H Veeze
- Diabeter, National Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H-J Aanstoot
- Diabeter, National Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Khalangot
- Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education and Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kiev, Ukraine
- Ukrainian Diabetes Register Team
| | - W V Tamborlane
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- T1D Exchange Clinic Network
| | - K M Miller
- Jaeb Centre for Health Research, Tampa, FL, USA
- T1D Exchange Clinic Network
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Cooper MN, de Klerk NH, Jones TW, Davis EA. Clinical and demographic risk factors associated with mortality during early adulthood in a population-based cohort of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2014; 31:1550-8. [PMID: 24925517 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To calculate standardized mortality ratios and to assess the association between paediatric clinical factors and higher risk of mortality during early adulthood in a population-based cohort of subjects with Type 1 diabetes. METHODS Subjects with Type 1 diabetes were identified through the Western Australian Children's Diabetes Database and clinical data for those who reached 18 years of age (n = 1309) were extracted. An age- and sex-matched (without diabetes) comparison cohort (n = 6451) was obtained from the birth registry. Mortality records were obtained from the death registry. Participants were followed up until 31 January 2012. Associations of clinical factors (from clinic visits before 18 years of age) with mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS The standardized mortality ratio for all-cause mortality was 1.7 (95% CI 0.7-3.3) for male and 10.1 (95% CI 5.2-17.7) for female subjects with Type 1 diabetes (median age at end of study 25.6 years). The adjusted hazard ratio was 1.5 (95% CI 1.1-2.1) for a 1% increase in mean paediatric HbA1c level, 3.8 (95% CI 0.9-15.3) for four episodes of severe hypoglycaemia relative to zero episodes, and 6.21 (95% CI 1.4-28.4) for a low-level socio-economic background relative to a high-level background. CONCLUSIONS People with childhood-onset Type 1 diabetes have higher mortality rates in early adulthood. At particularly high risk are women, those with a history of poor HbA1c levels, those with recurrent severe hypoglycaemia during paediatric management, and those from a low socio-economic background. These groups may benefit from intensified management during transition from paediatric to adult care facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Cooper
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children
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Johnson SR, Cooper MN, Davis EA, Jones TW. Hypoglycaemia, fear of hypoglycaemia and quality of life in children with Type 1 diabetes and their parents. Diabet Med 2013; 30:1126-31. [PMID: 23808967 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association between fear of hypoglycaemia, episodes of hypoglycaemia and quality of life in children with Type 1 diabetes and their parents. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, population-based study of 325 children with Type 1 diabetes and their parents. The children were aged 2-18 years. A total of 325 parents of the patients aged 2-18 years and 196 of the patients themselves (aged 8-18 years) completed questionnaires including the PedsQL Diabetes Module, the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey and Clarke's hypoglycaemia awareness questionnaire. Data were compared with HbA1c results and the history of severe hypoglycaemia episodes. RESULTS Parents with the highest levels of fear of hypoglycaemia reported that their children had a reduced quality of life (P < 0.001). Similarly children with the greatest fear also reported a reduced quality of life (P < 0.001); however a history of severe hypoglycaemia was not associated with the child's quality of life as perceived by the child or parent. Episodes of severe hypoglycaemia were associated with an increased fear of hypoglycaemia for the parents (P = 0.004) but not the children. Children in the highest fear quartile also had a higher HbA(1c) concentration compared with those in the lowest fear quartile [increase in HbA(1c) 7 mmol/mol (0.6%), P < 0.01]. CONCLUSIONS Fear of hypoglycaemia and not episodes of hypoglycaemia per se is associated with increased psychological burden for children with Type 1 diabetes. Interventions to reduce fear of hypoglycaemia in these families may improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Johnson
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Knopp RH, Walden CE, Retzlaff BM, McCann BS, Dowdy AA, Albers JJ, Gey GO, Cooper MN. Long-term cholesterol-lowering effects of 4 fat-restricted diets in hypercholesterolemic and combined hyperlipidemic men. The Dietary Alternatives Study. JAMA 1997; 278:1509-15. [PMID: 9363971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The long-term effect of aggressively vs moderately fat-restricted diets has not been studied extensively in free-living subjects with different types of hyperlipidemia. OBJECTIVE To compare the cholesterol-lowering effects of 4 levels of dietary fat intake restriction after 1 year. DESIGN Randomized, parallel, comparison trial. SETTING Male employees of a large industry. PARTICIPANTS A total of 444 men had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels above the 75th age-specific percentile. Subjects with triglyceride (TG) levels less than the 75th age-specific percentile were defined as hypercholesterolemic (HC) and those with TG levels at or above the 75th age-specific percentile were defined as combined hyperlipidemic (CHL). INTERVENTIONS Hypercholesterolemic subjects were randomized to diets 1, 2, 3, and 4 taught to contain 30%, 26%, 22%, and 18% fat, and the CHL subjects were randomized to diets 1, 2, and 3. All 4 diets were taught to subjects and spouses or partners in 8 weekly 2-hour classes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma lipoprotein levels after 1 year. RESULTS Fat intake after 1 year declined from a mean of 34% to 36% of energy to 27%, 26%, 25%, and 22% in the 4 HC diet groups and 28%, 26%, and 25% in the 3 CHL diet groups. Mean+/-SD percent LDL-C reductions were 5.3%+/-16.2%, 13.4%+/-12.6%, 8.4%+/-11.2%, and 13.0%+/-15.7% in the HC diet groups and 7.0%+/-16.2%, 2.8%+/-15.8%, and 4.6%+/-13.5% in the CHL diet groups (P<.01 in all but 1 instance). Apoprotein B levels decreased 8.6%, 10.7%, 4.3%, and 5.3% in the HC groups and 14.6%, 11.4%, and 9.9% in the CHL groups (P<.05-.01 in each instance). Triglyceride levels increased significantly in subjects following HC diets 3 and 4, 21.7% and 38.7% (P<.05 and .01), but not in any CHL subjects. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased 2.8% and 3.2% in subjects on HC diets 3 and 4, respectively (P<.05 in both cases). CONCLUSIONS After 1 year, moderate restriction of dietary fat intake attains meaningful and sustained LDL-C reductions in HC subjects and apoprotein B reductions in both HC and CHL subjects. More extreme restriction of fat intake offers little further advantage in HC or CHL subjects and potentially undesirable effects in HC subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Knopp
- Northwest Lipid Research Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98104, USA.
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Cooper MN. Would patient care be better served if there were greater government regulation of physicians' financial arrangements? Yes: physician 'self-dealing' requires reform. Internist 1992; 33:12, 14-5. [PMID: 10118315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Bruce RA, Gey GO, Cooper MN, Fisher LD, Peterson DR. Seattle Heart Watch: initial clinical, circulatory and electrocardiographic responses to maximal exercise. Am J Cardiol 1974; 33:459-69. [PMID: 4594283 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(74)90602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bruce RA, Cooper MN, Gey GO, Fisher LD, Peterson DR. Variations in responses to maximal exercise in health and in cardiovascular disease. Angiology 1973; 24:691-702. [PMID: 4543577 DOI: 10.1177/000331977302401105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Cooper MN. Unilateral tooth transplant. J N J State Dent Soc 1966; 38:25-7. [PMID: 5221536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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