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Abud AA, Abi B, Acciarri R, Acero MA, Adames MR, Adamov G, Adamowski M, Adams D, Adinolfi M, Aduszkiewicz A, Aguilar J, Ahmad Z, Ahmed J, Aimard B, Ali-Mohammadzadeh B, Alion T, Allison K, Monsalve SA, AlRashed M, Alt C, Alton A, Alvarez R, Amedo P, Anderson J, Andreopoulos C, Andreotti M, Andrews M, Andrianala F, Andringa S, Anfimov N, Ankowski A, Antoniassi M, Antonova M, Antoshkin A, Antusch S, Aranda-Fernandez A, Arellano L, Arnold LO, Arroyave MA, Asaadi J, Asquith L, Aurisano A, Aushev V, Autiero D, Lara VA, Ayala-Torres M, Azfar F, Back A, Back H, Back JJ, Backhouse C, Bagaturia I, Bagby L, Balashov N, Balasubramanian S, Baldi P, Baller B, Bambah B, Barao F, Barenboim G, Alzas PB, Barker G, Barkhouse W, Barnes C, Barr G, Monarca JB, Barros A, Barros N, Barrow JL, Basharina-Freshville A, Bashyal A, Basque V, Batchelor C, Chagas EBD, Battat JBR, Battisti F, Bay F, Bazetto MCQ, Alba JLLB, Beacom JF, Bechetoille E, Behera B, Beigbeder C, Bellantoni L, Bellettini G, Bellini V, Beltramello O, Benekos N, Montiel CB, Neves FB, Berger J, Berkman S, Bernardini P, Berner RM, Bersani A, Bertolucci S, Betancourt M, Rodríguez AB, Bevan A, Bezawada Y, Bezerra TJC, Bhardwaj A, Bhatnagar V, Bhattacharjee M, Bhattarai D, Bhuller S, Bhuyan B, Biagi S, Bian J, Biassoni M, Biery K, Bilki B, Bishai M, Bitadze A, Blake A, Blaszczyk F, Blazey GC, Blucher E, Boissevain J, Bolognesi S, Bolton T, Bomben L, Bonesini M, Bongrand M, Bonilla-Diaz C, Bonini F, Booth A, Boran F, Bordoni S, Borkum A, Bostan N, Bour P, Bourgeois C, Boyden D, Bracinik J, Braga D, Brailsford D, Branca A, Brandt A, Bremer J, Breton D, Brew C, Brice SJ, Brizzolari C, Bromberg C, Brooke J, Bross A, Brunetti G, Brunetti M, Buchanan N, Budd H, Butorov I, Cagnoli I, Cai T, Caiulo D, Calabrese R, Calafiura P, Calcutt J, Calin M, Calvez S, Calvo E, Caminata A, Campanelli M, Caratelli D, Carber D, Carceller JC, Carini G, Carlus B, Carneiro MF, Carniti P, Terrazas IC, Carranza H, Carroll T, Forero JFC, Castillo A, Castromonte C, Catano-Mur E, Cattadori C, Cavalier F, Cavallaro G, Cavanna F, Centro S, Cerati G, Cervelli A, Villanueva AC, Chalifour M, Chappell A, Chardonnet E, Charitonidis N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Neyra MSSC, Chen H, Chen M, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chen-Wishart Z, Cheon Y, Cherdack D, Chi C, Childress S, Chirco R, Chiriacescu A, Chisnall G, Cho K, Choate S, Chokheli D, Chong PS, Christensen A, Christian D, Christodoulou G, Chukanov A, Chung M, Church E, Cicero V, Clarke P, Cline G, Coan TE, Cocco AG, Coelho JAB, Colton N, Conley E, Conley R, Conrad J, Convery M, Copello S, Cova P, Cremaldi L, Cremonesi L, Crespo-Anadón JI, Crisler M, Cristaldo E, Crnkovic J, Cross R, Cudd A, Cuesta C, Cui Y, Cussans D, Dalager O, da Motta H, Da Silva Peres L, David C, David Q, Davies GS, Davini S, Dawson J, De K, De S, Debbins P, De Bonis I, Decowski MP, De Gouvêa A, De Holanda PC, De Icaza Astiz IL, Deisting A, De Jong P, Delbart A, Delepine D, Delgado M, Dell’Acqua A, Delmonte N, De Lurgio P, de Mello Neto JRT, DeMuth DM, Dennis S, Densham C, Deptuch GW, De Roeck A, De Romeri V, De Souza G, Devi R, Dharmapalan R, Dias M, Diaz F, Díaz JS, Domizio SD, Giulio LD, Ding P, Noto LD, Dirkx G, Distefano C, Diurba R, Diwan M, Djurcic Z, Doering D, Dolan S, Dolek F, Dolinski M, Domine L, Donon Y, Douglas D, Douillet D, Dragone A, Drake G, Drielsma F, Duarte L, Duchesneau D, Duffy K, Dunne P, Dutta B, Duyang H, Dvornikov O, Dwyer D, Dyshkant A, Eads M, Earle A, Edmunds D, Eisch J, Emberger L, Emery S, Englezos P, Ereditato A, Erjavec T, Escobar C, Eurin G, Evans JJ, Ewart E, Ezeribe AC, Fahey K, Falcone A, Fani’ M, Farnese C, Farzan Y, Fedoseev D, Felix J, Feng Y, Fernandez-Martinez E, Menendez PF, Morales MF, Ferraro F, Fields L, Filip P, Filthaut F, Fiorini M, Fischer V, Fitzpatrick RS, Flanagan W, Fleming B, Flight R, Fogarty S, Foreman W, Fowler J, Fox W, Franc J, Francis K, Franco D, Freeman J, Freestone J, Fried J, Friedland A, Robayo FF, Fuess S, Furic IK, Furman K, Furmanski AP, Gabrielli A, Gago A, Gallagher H, Gallas A, Gallego-Ros A, Gallice N, Galymov V, Gamberini E, Gamble T, Ganacim F, Gandhi R, Gandrajula R, Gao F, Gao S, Garcia-Gamez D, García-Peris MÁ, Gardiner S, Gastler D, Gauvreau J, Ge G, Geffroy N, Gelli B, Gendotti A, Gent S, Ghorbani-Moghaddam Z, Giammaria P, Giammaria T, Giangiacomi N, Gibin D, Gil-Botella I, Gilligan S, Girerd C, Giri AK, Gnani D, Gogota O, Gold M, Gollapinni S, Gollwitzer K, Gomes RA, Bermeo LVG, Fajardo LSG, Gonnella F, Gonzalez-Diaz D, Gonzalez-Lopez M, Goodman MC, Goodwin O, Goswami S, Gotti C, Goudzovski E, Grace C, Gran R, Granados E, Granger P, Grant A, Grant C, Gratieri D, Green P, Greenler L, Greer J, Grenard J, Griffith WC, Groh M, Grudzinski J, Grzelak K, Gu W, Guardincerri E, Guarino V, Guarise M, Guenette R, Guerard E, Guerzoni M, Guffanti D, Guglielmi A, Guo B, Gupta A, Gupta V, Guthikonda KK, Gutierrez R, Guzowski P, Guzzo MM, Gwon S, Ha C, Haaf K, Habig A, Hadavand H, Haenni R, Hahn A, Haiston J, Hamacher-Baumann P, Hamernik T, Hamilton P, Han J, Harris DA, Hartnell J, Hartnett T, Harton J, Hasegawa T, Hasnip C, Hatcher R, Hatfield KW, Hatzikoutelis A, Hayes C, Hayrapetyan K, Hays J, Hazen E, He M, Heavey A, Heeger KM, Heise J, Henry S, Morquecho MAH, Herner K, Hewes J, Hilgenberg C, Hill T, Hillier SJ, Himmel A, Hinkle E, Hirsch LR, Ho J, Hoff J, Holin A, Hoppe E, Horton-Smith GA, Hostert M, Hourlier A, Howard B, Howell R, Hoyos J, Hristova I, Hronek MS, Huang J, Hulcher Z, Iles G, Ilic N, Iliescu AM, Illingworth R, Ingratta G, Ioannisian A, Irwin B, Isenhower L, Itay R, Jackson CM, Jain V, James E, Jang W, Jargowsky B, Jediny F, Jena D, Jeong YS, Jesús-Valls C, Ji X, Jiang L, Jiménez S, Jipa A, Johnson R, Johnson W, Johnston N, Jones B, Jones S, Judah M, Jung CK, Junk T, Jwa Y, Kabirnezhad M, Kaboth A, Kadenko I, Kakorin I, Kalitkina A, Kalra D, Kamiya F, Kaneshige N, Kaplan DM, Karagiorgi G, Karaman G, Karcher A, Karolak M, Karyotakis Y, Kasai S, Kasetti SP, Kashur L, Kazaryan N, Kearns E, Keener P, Kelly KJ, Kemp E, Kemularia O, Ketchum W, Kettell SH, Khabibullin M, Khotjantsev A, Khvedelidze A, Kim D, King B, Kirby B, Kirby M, Klein J, Klustova A, Kobilarcik T, Koehler K, Koerner LW, Koh DH, Kohn S, Koller PP, Kolupaeva L, Korablev D, Kordosky M, Kosc T, Kose U, Kostelecký VA, Kothekar K, Kralik R, Kreczko L, Krennrich F, Kreslo I, Kropp W, Kroupova T, Kubota S, Kudenko Y, Kudryavtsev VA, Kulagin S, Kumar J, Kumar P, Kunze P, Kurita N, Kuruppu C, Kus V, Kutter T, Kvasnicka J, Kwak D, Lambert A, Land B, Lane CE, Lang K, Langford T, Langstaff M, Larkin J, Lasorak P, Last D, Laundrie A, Laurenti G, Lawrence A, Lazanu I, LaZur R, Lazzaroni M, Le T, Leardini S, Learned J, LeBrun P, LeCompte T, Lee C, Lee SY, Miotto GL, Lehnert R, de Oliveira MAL, Leitner M, Lepin LM, Li SW, Li Y, Liao H, Lin CS, Lin Q, Lin S, Lineros RA, Ling J, Lister A, Littlejohn BR, Liu J, Liu Y, Lockwitz S, Loew T, Lokajicek M, Lomidze I, Long K, Lord T, LoSecco JM, Louis WC, Lu XG, Luk KB, Lunday B, Luo X, Luppi E, Lux T, Luzio VP, Maalmi J, MacFarlane D, Machado AA, Machado P, Macias CT, Macier JR, Maddalena A, Madera A, Madigan P, Magill S, Mahn K, Maio A, Major A, Maloney JA, Mandrioli G, Mandujano RC, Maneira J, Manenti L, Manly S, Mann A, Manolopoulos K, Plata MM, Manyam VN, Manzanillas L, Marchan M, Marchionni A, Marciano W, Marfatia D, Mariani C, Maricic J, Marie R, Marinho F, Marino AD, Marsden D, Marshak M, Marshall C, Marshall J, Marteau J, Martín-Albo J, Martinez N, Caicedo DAM, Miravé PM, Martynenko S, Mascagna V, Mason K, Mastbaum A, Matichard F, Matsuno S, Matthews J, Mauger C, Mauri N, Mavrokoridis K, Mawby I, Mazza R, Mazzacane A, Mazzucato E, McAskill T, McCluskey E, McConkey N, McFarland KS, McGrew C, McNab A, Mefodiev A, Mehta P, Melas P, Mena O, Mendez H, Mendez P, Méndez DP, Menegolli A, Meng G, Messier MD, Metcalf W, Mettler T, Mewes M, Meyer H, Miao T, Michna G, Miedema T, Mikola V, Milincic R, Miller G, Miller W, Mills J, Mineev O, Minotti A, Miranda OG, Miryala S, Mishra CS, Mishra SR, Mislivec A, Mitchell M, Mladenov D, Mocioiu I, Moffat K, Moggi N, Mohanta R, Mohayai TA, Mokhov N, Molina J, Bueno LM, Montagna E, Montanari A, Montanari C, Montanari D, Zetina LMM, Moon SH, Mooney M, Moor AF, Moreno D, Moretti D, Morris C, Mossey C, Mote M, Motuk E, Moura CA, Mousseau J, Mouster G, Mu W, Mualem L, Mueller J, Muether M, Mufson S, Muheim F, Muir A, Mulhearn M, Munford D, Muramatsu H, Murphy S, Musser J, Nachtman J, Nagu S, Nalbandyan M, Nandakumar R, Naples D, Narita S, Nath A, Navrer-Agasson A, Nayak N, Nebot-Guinot M, Negishi K, Nelson JK, Nesbit J, Nessi M, Newbold D, Newcomer M, Newton H, Nichol R, Nicolas-Arnaldos F, Nikolica A, Niner E, Nishimura K, Norman A, Norrick A, Northrop R, Novella P, Nowak JA, Oberling M, Ochoa-Ricoux J, Olivier A, Olshevskiy A, Onel Y, Onishchuk Y, Ott J, Pagani L, Palacio G, Palamara O, Palestini S, Paley JM, Pallavicini M, Palomares C, Vazquez WP, Pantic E, Paolone V, Papadimitriou V, Papaleo R, Papanestis A, Paramesvaran S, Parke S, Parozzi E, Parsa Z, Parvu M, Pascoli S, Pasqualini L, Pasternak J, Pater J, Patrick C, Patrizii L, Patterson RB, Patton SJ, Patzak T, Paudel A, Paulos B, Paulucci L, Pavlovic Z, Pawloski G, Payne D, Pec V, Peeters SJM, Perez AP, Pennacchio E, Penzo A, Peres OLG, Perry J, Pershey D, Pessina G, Petrillo G, Petta C, Petti R, Pia V, Piastra F, Pickering L, Pietropaolo F, Pimentel VL, Pinaroli G, Plows K, Plunkett R, Poling R, Pompa F, Pons X, Poonthottathil N, Poppi F, Pordes S, Porter J, Potekhin M, Potenza R, Potukuchi BVKS, Pozimski J, Pozzato M, Prakash S, Prakash T, Prest M, Prince S, Psihas F, Pugnere D, Qian X, Raaf JL, Radeka V, Rademacker J, Radics B, Rafique A, Raguzin E, Rai M, Rajaoalisoa M, Rakhno I, Rakotonandrasana A, Rakotondravohitra L, Rameika R, Delgado MAR, Ramson B, Rappoldi A, Raselli G, Ratoff P, Raut S, Razakamiandra RF, Rea EM, Real JS, Rebel B, Rechenmacher R, Reggiani-Guzzo M, Reichenbacher J, Reitzner SD, Sfar HR, Renshaw A, Rescia S, Resnati F, Ribas M, Riboldi S, Riccio C, Riccobene G, Rice LCJ, Ricol JS, Rigamonti A, Rigaut Y, Rincón EV, Ritchie-Yates H, Rivera D, Robert A, Rochester L, Roda M, Rodrigues P, Alonso MJR, Bonilla ER, Rondon JR, Rosauro-Alcaraz S, Rosenberg M, Rosier P, Roskovec B, Rossella M, Rossi M, Rout J, Roy P, Rubbia A, Rubbia C, Russell B, Ruterbories D, Rybnikov A, Saa-Hernandez A, Saakyan R, Sacerdoti S, Safford T, Sahu N, Sakashita K, Sala P, Samios N, Samoylov O, Sanchez MC, Sandberg V, Sanders DA, Sankey D, Santana S, Santos-Maldonado M, Saoulidou N, Sapienza P, Sarasty C, Sarcevic I, Savage G, Savinov V, Scaramelli A, Scarff A, Scarpelli A, Schefke T, Schellman H, Schifano S, Schlabach P, Schmitz D, Schneider AW, Scholberg K, Schukraft A, Segreto E, Selyunin A, Senise CR, Sensenig J, Sergi A, Sgalaberna D, Shaevitz MH, Shafaq S, Shaker F, Shamma M, Sharankova R, Sharma HR, Sharma R, Sharma RK, Shaw T, Shchablo K, Shepherd-Themistocleous C, Sheshukov A, Shin S, Shoemaker I, Shooltz D, Shrock R, Siegel H, Simard L, Sinclair J, Sinev G, Singh J, Singh J, Singh L, Singh P, Singh V, Sipos R, Sippach FW, Sirri G, Sitraka A, Siyeon K, Skarpaas K, Smith A, Smith E, Smith P, Smolik J, Smy M, Snider E, Snopok P, Snowden-Ifft D, Nunes MS, Sobel H, Soderberg M, Sokolov S, Salinas CJS, Söldner-Rembold S, Soleti SR, Solomey N, Solovov V, Sondheim WE, Sorel M, Sotnikov A, Soto-Oton J, Ugaldi FAS, Sousa A, Soustruznik K, Spagliardi F, Spanu M, Spitz J, Spooner NJC, Spurgeon K, Stancari M, Stanco L, Stanford C, Stein R, Steiner HM, Lisbôa AFS, Stewart J, Stillwell B, Stock J, Stocker F, Stokes T, Strait M, Strauss T, Strigari L, Stuart A, Suarez JG, Sunción JMS, Sullivan H, Summers D, Surdo A, Susic V, Suter L, Sutera CM, Svoboda R, Szczerbinska B, Szelc AM, Tanaka H, Tang S, Tapia A, Oregui BT, Tapper A, Tariq S, Tarpara E, Tata N, Tatar E, Tayloe R, Teklu AM, Tennessen P, Tenti M, Terao K, Ternes CA, Terranova F, Testera G, Thakore T, 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Whittington D, Wilking MJ, Wilkinson A, Wilkinson C, Williams Z, Wilson F, Wilson RJ, Wisniewski W, Wolcott J, Wongjirad T, Wood A, Wood K, Worcester E, Worcester M, Wresilo K, Wret C, Wu W, Wu W, Xiao Y, Xie F, Yaeggy B, Yandel E, Yang G, Yang K, Yang T, Yankelevich A, Yershov N, Yonehara K, Yoon YS, Young T, Yu B, Yu H, Yu H, Yu J, Yu Y, Yuan W, Zaki R, Zalesak J, Zambelli L, Zamorano B, Zani A, Zazueta L, Zeller GP, Zennamo J, Zeug K, Zhang C, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Zhivun E, Zhu G, Zimmerman ED, Zucchelli S, Zuklin J, Zutshi V, Zwaska R. Scintillation light detection in the 6-m drift-length ProtoDUNE Dual Phase liquid argon TPC. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2022; 82:618. [PMID: 35859696 PMCID: PMC9288420 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10549-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6 × 6 × 6 m 3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019-2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and scintillation light. The scintillation light signal in these detectors can provide the trigger for non-beam events. In addition, it adds precise timing capabilities and improves the calorimetry measurements. In ProtoDUNE-DP, scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected by photomultiplier tubes placed up to 7 m away from the ionizing track. In this paper, the ProtoDUNE-DP photon detection system performance is evaluated with a particular focus on the different wavelength shifters, such as PEN and TPB, and the use of Xe-doped LAr, considering its future use in giant LArTPCs. The scintillation light production and propagation processes are analyzed and a comparison of simulation to data is performed, improving understanding of the liquid argon properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Abed Abud
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | - B. Abi
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - R. Acciarri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. A. Acero
- Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico Colombia
| | - M. R. Adames
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - G. Adamov
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - M. Adamowski
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Adams
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - J. Aguilar
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Z. Ahmad
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 064 India
| | - J. Ahmed
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - B. Aimard
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - B. Ali-Mohammadzadeh
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - T. Alion
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - K. Allison
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - S. Alonso Monsalve
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. AlRashed
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - C. Alt
- ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. Alton
- Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 USA
| | - R. Alvarez
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Amedo
- Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J. Anderson
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - C. Andreopoulos
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. Andreotti
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M. Andrews
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - F. Andrianala
- University of Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - S. Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N. Anfimov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - A. Ankowski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Antoniassi
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - M. Antonova
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - A. Antoshkin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - S. Antusch
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - L. Arellano
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | | | - J. Asaadi
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - L. Asquith
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - A. Aurisano
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - V. Aushev
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - D. Autiero
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - M. Ayala-Torres
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F. Azfar
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - A. Back
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - H. Back
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - J. J. Back
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | | | - L. Bagby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. Balashov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | - P. Baldi
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - B. Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Bambah
- University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 India
| | - F. Barao
- Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G. Barenboim
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - P. Barham Alzas
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - G. Barker
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - W. Barkhouse
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8357 USA
| | - C. Barnes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - G. Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | | | - A. Barros
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - N. Barros
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. L. Barrow
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | - A. Bashyal
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - V. Basque
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | | | | | | | - F. Bay
- Antalya Bilim University, 07190 Döşemealti/Antalya, Turkey
| | - M. C. Q. Bazetto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | | | - E. Bechetoille
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - B. Behera
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - C. Beigbeder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - L. Bellantoni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - V. Bellini
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - O. Beltramello
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - N. Benekos
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - F. Bento Neves
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. Berger
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - S. Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Bernardini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - A. Bersani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - S. Bertolucci
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - M. Betancourt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Bevan
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Y. Bezawada
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | | | - A. Bhardwaj
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - V. Bhatnagar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh, U.T. 160014 India
| | - M. Bhattacharjee
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | - D. Bhattarai
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - S. Bhuller
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - B. Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | - S. Biagi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - J. Bian
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - M. Biassoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - K. Biery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Bilki
- Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - M. Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Bitadze
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - A. Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - F. Blaszczyk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. C. Blazey
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - E. Blucher
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - J. Boissevain
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - S. Bolognesi
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - T. Bolton
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - L. Bomben
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- University of Insubria, Via Ravasi, 2, 21100 Varese, VA Italy
| | - M. Bonesini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Bongrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - F. Bonini
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Booth
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - F. Boran
- Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S. Bordoni
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A. Borkum
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - N. Bostan
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - P. Bour
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - C. Bourgeois
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D. Boyden
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - J. Bracinik
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - D. Braga
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Branca
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Brandt
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - J. Bremer
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Breton
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - C. Brew
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - S. J. Brice
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. Brizzolari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Bromberg
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - J. Brooke
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - A. Bross
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Brunetti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - N. Buchanan
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - H. Budd
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - I. Butorov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - I. Cagnoli
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - T. Cai
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - D. Caiulo
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - R. Calabrese
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - P. Calafiura
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Calcutt
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - M. Calin
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S. Calvez
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - E. Calvo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Caminata
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | | | - D. Caratelli
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Carber
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | | | - G. Carini
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - B. Carlus
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - P. Carniti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - H. Carranza
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - T. Carroll
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - A. Castillo
- Universidad Sergio Arboleda, 11022 Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - E. Catano-Mur
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - C. Cattadori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - F. Cavalier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - G. Cavallaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - F. Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Centro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - G. Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Cervelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Cervera Villanueva
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - M. Chalifour
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - E. Chardonnet
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - N. Charitonidis
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - S. Chattopadhyay
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 064 India
| | | | - H. Chen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Chen
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Chen
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Z. Chen
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - Y. Cheon
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - D. Cherdack
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - C. Chi
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - S. Childress
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Chirco
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | | | | | - K. Cho
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - S. Choate
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - D. Chokheli
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - P. S. Chong
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | - D. Christian
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Christodoulou
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A. Chukanov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - M. Chung
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - E. Church
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - V. Cicero
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - P. Clarke
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - G. Cline
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - T. E. Coan
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275 USA
| | - A. G. Cocco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - J. A. B. Coelho
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - N. Colton
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - E. Conley
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - R. Conley
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - J. Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Copello
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - P. Cova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- University of Parma, 43121 Parma, PR Italy
| | - L. Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - L. Cremonesi
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - J. I. Crespo-Anadón
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Crisler
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Cristaldo
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - J. Crnkovic
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - R. Cross
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - A. Cudd
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - C. Cuesta
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y. Cui
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - D. Cussans
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - O. Dalager
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - H. da Motta
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-180 Brazil
| | - L. Da Silva Peres
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901 Brazil
| | - C. David
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Q. David
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - G. S. Davies
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - S. Davini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - J. Dawson
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - K. De
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - S. De
- University of Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222 USA
| | - P. Debbins
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - I. De Bonis
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - M. P. Decowski
- University of Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - P. C. De Holanda
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | | | - P. De Jong
- University of Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Delbart
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Delepine
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - M. Delgado
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Dell’Acqua
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - N. Delmonte
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- University of Parma, 43121 Parma, PR Italy
| | - P. De Lurgio
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - D. M. DeMuth
- Valley City State University, Valley City, ND 58072 USA
| | - S. Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - C. Densham
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - A. De Roeck
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - V. De Romeri
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - G. De Souza
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - R. Devi
- University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006 India
| | | | - M. Dias
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - F. Diaz
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - J. S. Díaz
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - S. Di Domizio
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - L. Di Giulio
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - P. Ding
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Di Noto
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - G. Dirkx
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - C. Distefano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Diurba
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - M. Diwan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Z. Djurcic
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - D. Doering
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Dolan
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - F. Dolek
- Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M. Dolinski
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - L. Domine
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Y. Donon
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Douglas
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - D. Douillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A. Dragone
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - G. Drake
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - F. Drielsma
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - L. Duarte
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - D. Duchesneau
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - K. Duffy
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Dunne
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - B. Dutta
- Texas A &M University, College Station, 77840 USA
| | - H. Duyang
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | | | - D. Dwyer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - A. Dyshkant
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - M. Eads
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - A. Earle
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - D. Edmunds
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - J. Eisch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Emberger
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Max-Planck-Institut, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - S. Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P. Englezos
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | | | - T. Erjavec
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - C. Escobar
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Eurin
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J. J. Evans
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - E. Ewart
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - K. Fahey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Falcone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Fani’
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - C. Farnese
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Y. Farzan
- Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - D. Fedoseev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - J. Felix
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Y. Feng
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | | | - P. Fernandez Menendez
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | - F. Ferraro
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - L. Fields
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - P. Filip
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - F. Filthaut
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Fiorini
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V. Fischer
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | | | - W. Flanagan
- University of Dallas, Irving, TX 75062-4736 USA
| | - B. Fleming
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - R. Flight
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - S. Fogarty
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - W. Foreman
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - J. Fowler
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - W. Fox
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - J. Franc
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - K. Francis
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - D. Franco
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - J. Freeman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Freestone
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - J. Fried
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Friedland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - S. Fuess
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - I. K. Furic
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8440 USA
| | - K. Furman
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - A. P. Furmanski
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - A. Gabrielli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Gago
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | | | - A. Gallas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A. Gallego-Ros
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Gallice
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - V. Galymov
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - E. Gamberini
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - T. Gamble
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - F. Ganacim
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - R. Gandhi
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Jhunsi, Allahabad, 211 019 India
| | - R. Gandrajula
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - F. Gao
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - S. Gao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - M. Á. García-Peris
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Gardiner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Gauvreau
- Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA
| | - G. Ge
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - N. Geffroy
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - B. Gelli
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | - S. Gent
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | | | - P. Giammaria
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - T. Giammaria
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - D. Gibin
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - I. Gil-Botella
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Gilligan
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - C. Girerd
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. K. Giri
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285 India
| | - D. Gnani
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - O. Gogota
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - M. Gold
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - S. Gollapinni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - K. Gollwitzer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. A. Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiania, GO 74690-900 Brazil
| | | | | | - F. Gonnella
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | | | - O. Goodwin
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. Goswami
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, 380 009 India
| | - C. Gotti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - C. Grace
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - R. Gran
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - E. Granados
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - P. Granger
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. Grant
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - C. Grant
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - D. Gratieri
- Fluminense Federal University, 9 Icaraí, Niterói, RJ 24220-900 Brazil
| | - P. Green
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - L. Greenler
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - J. Greer
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - J. Grenard
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Groh
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | | | - K. Grzelak
- University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - W. Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - V. Guarino
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - M. Guarise
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - E. Guerard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M. Guerzoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - D. Guffanti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Guglielmi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - B. Guo
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - A. Gupta
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - V. Gupta
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - P. Guzowski
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - M. M. Guzzo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - S. Gwon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - C. Ha
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - K. Haaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Habig
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - H. Hadavand
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - R. Haenni
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A. Hahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Haiston
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | | | - T. Hamernik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Hamilton
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - J. Han
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - D. A. Harris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | | | - T. Hartnett
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - J. Harton
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - T. Hasegawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki, 305-0801 Japan
| | - C. Hasnip
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - R. Hatcher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | | | - C. Hayes
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - J. Hays
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - E. Hazen
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - M. He
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - A. Heavey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Heise
- Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, SD 57754 USA
| | - S. Henry
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | | | - K. Herner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Hewes
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - C. Hilgenberg
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - T. Hill
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | | | - A. Himmel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Hinkle
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - L. R. Hirsch
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - J. Ho
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - J. Hoff
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Holin
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - E. Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | | | - M. Hostert
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - A. Hourlier
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - B. Howard
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Howell
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - J. Hoyos
- University of Medellín, Medellín, 050026 Colombia
| | - I. Hristova
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. S. Hronek
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Huang
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Z. Hulcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - G. Iles
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - N. Ilic
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - A. M. Iliescu
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - R. Illingworth
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Ingratta
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Ioannisian
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, Yerevan, 0036 Armenia
| | - B. Irwin
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - L. Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79601 USA
| | - R. Itay
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. M. Jackson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - V. Jain
- University of Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222 USA
| | - E. James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Jang
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - B. Jargowsky
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - F. Jediny
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - D. Jena
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. S. Jeong
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - C. Jesús-Valls
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - X. Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - L. Jiang
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA
| | - S. Jiménez
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Jipa
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R. Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - W. Johnson
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - N. Johnston
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - B. Jones
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - S. Jones
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - M. Judah
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - C. K. Jung
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - T. Junk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | | | - A. Kaboth
- Royal Holloway College, London, TW20 0EX UK
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - I. Kadenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - I. Kakorin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - A. Kalitkina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - D. Kalra
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - F. Kamiya
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - N. Kaneshige
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - D. M. Kaplan
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | | | - G. Karaman
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - A. Karcher
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Karolak
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Y. Karyotakis
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - S. Kasai
- National Institute of Technology, Kure College, Hiroshima, 737-8506 Japan
| | - S. P. Kasetti
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - L. Kashur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - N. Kazaryan
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, Yerevan, 0036 Armenia
| | - E. Kearns
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - P. Keener
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. J. Kelly
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - E. Kemp
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | - W. Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - M. Khabibullin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - A. Khotjantsev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | | | - D. Kim
- Texas A &M University, College Station, 77840 USA
| | - B. King
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Kirby
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - M. Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Klein
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - A. Klustova
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - T. Kobilarcik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Koehler
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - D. H. Koh
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Kohn
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - L. Kolupaeva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - D. Korablev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - M. Kordosky
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - T. Kosc
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - U. Kose
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | | | - R. Kralik
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - L. Kreczko
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | | | - I. Kreslo
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - W. Kropp
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - T. Kroupova
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - S. Kubota
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Y. Kudenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | | | - S. Kulagin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - J. Kumar
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - P. Kumar
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - P. Kunze
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - N. Kurita
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Kuruppu
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - V. Kus
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T. Kutter
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - J. Kvasnicka
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - D. Kwak
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - A. Lambert
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - B. Land
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - C. E. Lane
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. Lang
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | | | - M. Langstaff
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - J. Larkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - P. Lasorak
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - D. Last
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - A. Laundrie
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - G. Laurenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Lawrence
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - I. Lazanu
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R. LaZur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. Lazzaroni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - T. Le
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - S. Leardini
- Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J. Learned
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - P. LeBrun
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - T. LeCompte
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Lee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Y. Lee
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonrabuk-do, 54896 South Korea
| | - G. Lehmann Miotto
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - R. Lehnert
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - M. Leitner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - L. M. Lepin
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. W. Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Y. Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Liao
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - C. S. Lin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Q. Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Lin
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | | | - J. Ling
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - A. Lister
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - J. Liu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Liu
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - S. Lockwitz
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - T. Loew
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Lokajicek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - I. Lomidze
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - K. Long
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - T. Lord
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - W. C. Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - X.-G. Lu
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - K. B. Luk
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - B. Lunday
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - X. Luo
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - E. Luppi
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - T. Lux
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V. P. Luzio
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - J. Maalmi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D. MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - A. A. Machado
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - P. Machado
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. R. Macier
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Maddalena
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, AQ Italy
| | - A. Madera
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - P. Madigan
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Magill
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - K. Mahn
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - A. Maio
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. Major
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | | | - G. Mandrioli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - J. Maneira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L. Manenti
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - S. Manly
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - A. Mann
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | | | | | - V. N. Manyam
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - L. Manzanillas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M. Marchan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Marchionni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Marciano
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - D. Marfatia
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | | | - J. Maricic
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - R. Marie
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - F. Marinho
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP 13604-900 Brazil
| | - A. D. Marino
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - D. Marsden
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - M. Marshak
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - C. Marshall
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | | | - J. Marteau
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J. Martín-Albo
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - N. Martinez
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | | | - P. Martínez Miravé
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Martynenko
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - V. Mascagna
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- University of Insubria, Via Ravasi, 2, 21100 Varese, VA Italy
| | - K. Mason
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - A. Mastbaum
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - F. Matichard
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Matsuno
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - J. Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - C. Mauger
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - N. Mauri
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - I. Mawby
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - R. Mazza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Mazzacane
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Mazzucato
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - E. McCluskey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. McConkey
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | - C. McGrew
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - A. McNab
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - A. Mefodiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - P. Mehta
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - P. Melas
- University of Athens, 157 84 Zografou, Greece
| | - O. Mena
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - H. Mendez
- University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA
| | - P. Mendez
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. P. Méndez
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Menegolli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - G. Meng
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - W. Metcalf
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - T. Mettler
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M. Mewes
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - H. Meyer
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - T. Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Michna
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | - T. Miedema
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - V. Mikola
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - R. Milincic
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - G. Miller
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - W. Miller
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - J. Mills
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - O. Mineev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - A. Minotti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - O. G. Miranda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. Miryala
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - C. S. Mishra
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. R. Mishra
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - A. Mislivec
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - M. Mitchell
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - D. Mladenov
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - I. Mocioiu
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - K. Moffat
- Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - N. Moggi
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - R. Mohanta
- University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 India
| | - T. A. Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. Mokhov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Molina
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - L. Molina Bueno
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - E. Montagna
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Montanari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - C. Montanari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - D. Montanari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. M. Montañno Zetina
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. H. Moon
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - M. Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - A. F. Moor
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - D. Moreno
- Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D. Moretti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Morris
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - C. Mossey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Mote
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - E. Motuk
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - C. A. Moura
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - J. Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - G. Mouster
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - W. Mu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Mualem
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. Mueller
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. Muether
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - S. Mufson
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - F. Muheim
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - A. Muir
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - M. Mulhearn
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - D. Munford
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - H. Muramatsu
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | | | - J. Musser
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - S. Nagu
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - M. Nalbandyan
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, Yerevan, 0036 Armenia
| | - R. Nandakumar
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - D. Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - S. Narita
- Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | - A. Nath
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | | | - N. Nayak
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | | - K. Negishi
- Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | - J. K. Nelson
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - J. Nesbit
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - M. Nessi
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Newbold
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. Newcomer
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - H. Newton
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - R. Nichol
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | | | - A. Nikolica
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - E. Niner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Norman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Norrick
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Northrop
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - P. Novella
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | - M. Oberling
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - A. Olivier
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - A. Olshevskiy
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - Y. Onel
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Y. Onishchuk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - J. Ott
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - L. Pagani
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - G. Palacio
- Universidad EIA, Envigado, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - O. Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Palestini
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - J. M. Paley
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Pallavicini
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - C. Palomares
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - E. Pantic
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - V. Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | | | - R. Papaleo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - A. Papanestis
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - S. Parke
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Parozzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Z. Parsa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Parvu
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S. Pascoli
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - L. Pasqualini
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Pasternak
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - J. Pater
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - C. Patrick
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - L. Patrizii
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - S. J. Patton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - T. Patzak
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - A. Paudel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Paulos
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - L. Paulucci
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - Z. Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Pawloski
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - D. Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | - V. Pec
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - A. Pena Perez
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - E. Pennacchio
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. Penzo
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - O. L. G. Peres
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - J. Perry
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | | | - G. Pessina
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - G. Petrillo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Petta
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Petti
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - V. Pia
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - F. Piastra
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - L. Pickering
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - F. Pietropaolo
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - V. L. Pimentel
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologia da Informacao Renato Archer, Amarais, Campinas, SP CEP 13069-901 Brazil
| | - G. Pinaroli
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - K. Plows
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - R. Plunkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Poling
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - F. Pompa
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - X. Pons
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - F. Poppi
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - S. Pordes
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Porter
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - M. Potekhin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - R. Potenza
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J. Pozimski
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - M. Pozzato
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - S. Prakash
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - T. Prakash
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Prest
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - S. Prince
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - F. Psihas
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Pugnere
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - X. Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. L. Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - V. Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - A. Rafique
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - E. Raguzin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Rai
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - I. Rakhno
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | | | - R. Rameika
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - B. Ramson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Rappoldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - G. Raselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - P. Ratoff
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - S. Raut
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - E. M. Rea
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - J. S. Real
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - B. Rebel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - R. Rechenmacher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Reichenbacher
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - S. D. Reitzner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - H. Rejeb Sfar
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A. Renshaw
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - S. Rescia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - F. Resnati
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - M. Ribas
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - S. Riboldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Riccio
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - G. Riccobene
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J. S. Ricol
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A. Rigamonti
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - D. Rivera
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - A. Robert
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - L. Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Roda
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Rosenberg
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - P. Rosier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - B. Roskovec
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - M. Rossella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - M. Rossi
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - J. Rout
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - P. Roy
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | | | - C. Rubbia
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - B. Russell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - A. Rybnikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | - R. Saakyan
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - S. Sacerdoti
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - T. Safford
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - N. Sahu
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285 India
| | - K. Sakashita
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki, 305-0801 Japan
| | - P. Sala
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - N. Samios
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - O. Samoylov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | - V. Sandberg
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | | | - D. Sankey
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - S. Santana
- University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA
| | | | | | - P. Sapienza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - C. Sarasty
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | | | - G. Savage
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - V. Savinov
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - A. Scaramelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Scarff
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - A. Scarpelli
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Schefke
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - H. Schellman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - S. Schifano
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - P. Schlabach
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - A. W. Schneider
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | - A. Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Segreto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - A. Selyunin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - C. R. Senise
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - J. Sensenig
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - A. Sergi
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | - S. Shafaq
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - F. Shaker
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - M. Shamma
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | | | | | - R. Sharma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - R. K. Sharma
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - T. Shaw
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Shchablo
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - A. Sheshukov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - S. Shin
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonrabuk-do, 54896 South Korea
| | | | - D. Shooltz
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - R. Shrock
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - H. Siegel
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - L. Simard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J. Sinclair
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - G. Sinev
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - J. Singh
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - J. Singh
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - L. Singh
- Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 India
| | - P. Singh
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - V. Singh
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005 India
- Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 India
| | - R. Sipos
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - G. Sirri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Sitraka
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - K. Siyeon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - K. Skarpaas
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - A. Smith
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - E. Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - P. Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - J. Smolik
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M. Smy
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - E. Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Snopok
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | | | | | - H. Sobel
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | | - S. Sokolov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | | | - S. R. Soleti
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - N. Solomey
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - V. Solovov
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - W. E. Sondheim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - M. Sorel
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - A. Sotnikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - J. Soto-Oton
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A. Sousa
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - K. Soustruznik
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - M. Spanu
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - J. Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | | | | | - M. Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Stanco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - R. Stein
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - H. M. Steiner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - J. Stewart
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - J. Stock
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - F. Stocker
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - T. Stokes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - M. Strait
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - T. Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Strigari
- Texas A &M University, College Station, 77840 USA
| | - A. Stuart
- Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | | | | | - H. Sullivan
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - D. Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - A. Surdo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - V. Susic
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - L. Suter
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. M. Sutera
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Svoboda
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - B. Szczerbinska
- Texas A &M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA
| | - A. M. Szelc
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - H. Tanaka
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Tapia
- University of Medellín, Medellín, 050026 Colombia
| | | | - A. Tapper
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - S. Tariq
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Tarpara
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - N. Tata
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - E. Tatar
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | - R. Tayloe
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - A. M. Teklu
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - P. Tennessen
- Antalya Bilim University, 07190 Döşemealti/Antalya, Turkey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Tenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - K. Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. A. Ternes
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - F. Terranova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - G. Testera
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - T. Thakore
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - A. Thea
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - C. Thorn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. C. Timm
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - L. Tomassetti
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A. Tonazzo
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - D. Torbunov
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - M. Torti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Tortola
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - F. Tortorici
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - N. Tosi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - D. Totani
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - M. Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - R. Travaglini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Trevor
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - S. Trilov
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | | | - Y. Tsai
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y.-T. Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - K. V. Tsang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - N. Tsverava
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - S. Tufanli
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Tull
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - E. Tyley
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - M. Tzanov
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - L. Uboldi
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - J. Urheim
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - T. Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Uzunyan
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - M. R. Vagins
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 Japan
| | - P. Vahle
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - S. Valder
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | | | - E. Valencia
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - R. Valentim
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - Z. Vallari
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - E. Vallazza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - J. W. F. Valle
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Vallecorsa
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - R. Van Berg
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | | | - D. Vannerom
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - F. Varanini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - D. Vargas Oliva
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Varner
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - J. Vasel
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - S. Vasina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - G. Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N. Vaughan
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - K. Vaziri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Ventura
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - A. Verdugo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Vergani
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - M. A. Vermeulen
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Verzocchi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Vicenzi
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - H. Vieira de Souza
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - C. Vignoli
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, AQ Italy
| | - C. Vilela
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - B. Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Vrba
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T. Wachala
- H. Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - A. V. Waldron
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - M. Wallbank
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - C. Wallis
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - H. Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - J. Wang
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - L. Wang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - X. Wang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - D. Warner
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. O. Wascko
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - D. Waters
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - A. Watson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - K. Wawrowska
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | | | - A. Weber
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Weber
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - H. Wei
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - D. Wenman
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - A. White
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | | | | | - M. J. Wilking
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - C. Wilkinson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Z. Williams
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - F. Wilson
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - R. J. Wilson
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - W. Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | | | - A. Wood
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - K. Wood
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - E. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - K. Wresilo
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - C. Wret
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - W. Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Wu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Xiao
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - F. Xie
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - B. Yaeggy
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - E. Yandel
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - G. Yang
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - K. Yang
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - T. Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - N. Yershov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - K. Yonehara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. S. Yoon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - T. Young
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8357 USA
| | - B. Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Yu
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - J. Yu
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - Y. Yu
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - W. Yuan
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - R. Zaki
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - J. Zalesak
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - L. Zambelli
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - B. Zamorano
- University of Granada & CAFPE, 18002 Granada, Spain
| | - A. Zani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - L. Zazueta
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - G. P. Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Zeug
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - C. Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. Zhang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Y. Zhang
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - M. Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - E. Zhivun
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - G. Zhu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | | | - S. Zucchelli
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Zuklin
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - V. Zutshi
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - R. Zwaska
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
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2
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Bandiera L, Tikhomirov VV, Romagnoni M, Argiolas N, Bagli E, Ballerini G, Berra A, Brizzolari C, Camattari R, De Salvador D, Haurylavets V, Mascagna V, Mazzolari A, Prest M, Soldani M, Sytov A, Vallazza E. Strong Reduction of the Effective Radiation Length in an Axially Oriented Scintillator Crystal. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:021603. [PMID: 30085729 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.021603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We measured a considerable increase of the emitted radiation by 120 GeV/c electrons in an axially oriented lead tungstate scintillator crystal, if compared to the case in which the sample was not aligned with the beam direction. This enhancement resulted from the interaction of particles with the strong crystalline electromagnetic field. The data collected at the external lines of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron were critically compared to Monte Carlo simulations based on the Baier-Katkov quasiclassical method, highlighting a reduction of the scintillator radiation length by a factor of 5 in the case of beam alignment with the [001] crystal axes. The observed effect opens the way to the realization of compact electromagnetic calorimeters or detectors based on oriented scintillator crystals in which the amount of material can be strongly reduced with respect to the state of the art. These devices could have relevant applications in fixed-target experiments, as well as in satellite-borne γ telescopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bandiera
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V V Tikhomirov
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - M Romagnoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - N Argiolas
- INFN Sezione di Legnaro and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - E Bagli
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Ballerini
- INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca and Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - A Berra
- INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca and Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - C Brizzolari
- INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca and Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - R Camattari
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - D De Salvador
- INFN Sezione di Legnaro and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - V Haurylavets
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - V Mascagna
- INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca and Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - A Mazzolari
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Prest
- INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca and Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - M Soldani
- INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca and Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - A Sytov
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - E Vallazza
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Aghai-Khozani H, Corradini M, Hayano R, Hori M, Leali M, Lodi-Rizzini E, Mascagna V, Murakami Y, Prest M, Solazzi L, Vallazza E, Venturelli L, Yamada H. Experimental technique for antiproton-nucleus annihilation cross section measurements at low energy. EPJ Web Conf 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201818203009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of very low energy antiprotons (ps) and antineutrons (ns) with nuclei is interesting for its influence on both fundamental cosmology and nuclear physics. Measuring the annihilation cross section of antimatter on matter can help in solving the universe matter-antimatter puzzle and could give relevant hints in the definition of strong interaction model parameters as well. The ASACUSA collaboration recently measured the antiproton-carbon annihilation cross section at 5.3 MeV of kinetic energy of the incoming antiproton. The experimental apparatus consisted in a vacuum chamber containing thin foils (~0.7-1 μm) of carbon crossed by a bunched beam of antiprotons from the CERN Antiproton Decelerator (AD). The fraction of antiprotons annihilating on the target nucleons gives origin to charged pions which can be detected and counted by segmented scintillators placed outside the chamber. This work describes the experimental details of the apparatus and the technique to perform the cross section measurements.
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Aghai–Khozani H, Bianconi A, Corradini M, Hayano R, Hori M, Leali M, Lodi–Rizzini E, Mascagna V, Murakami Y, Prest M, Vallazza E, Venturelli L, Yamada H. Antiproton-nucleus annihilation cross section at low energy. EPJ Web Conf 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201818203013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The antinucleon-nuclei annihilation cross sections at low energies were systematically measured at CERN in the 80’s and 90’s with the LEAR facility and later with the Antiproton Decelerator. Unfortunately only few data exist for very low energy antiprotons (p<500 MeV/c) on medium and heavy nuclei. A deeper knowledge is required by fundamental physics and can have consequence also in cosmology and medical physics. In order to fill the gap, the ASACUSA Collaboration has very recently measured the annihilation cross section of 100 MeV/c antiprotons on carbon. In the present work the experimental result is presented together with a comparison both with the antineutron data on the same target at the same energies and with the other existing antiproton data at higher energies.
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Duchini M, Frigerio M, Berlusconi C, Gelosa S, Lattuada P, Prest M, Vallazza E, Guallini F, Ostinelli A. The neutron contamination in radiotherapy treatments with photon and electron beams: Dy activation measurements. Phys Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Aghai–Khozani H, Corradini M, Hayano R, Hori M, Leali M, Lodi–Rizzini E, Mascagna V, Murakami Y, Prest M, Solazzi L, Vallazza E, Venturelli L, Yamada H. New results of the antiproton-carbon annihilation cross section measurement at low energies. EPJ Web Conf 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201613007014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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7
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Bagli E, Guidi V, Mazzolari A, Bandiera L, Germogli G, Sytov AI, De Salvador D, Argiolas A, Bazzan M, Carnera A, Berra A, Bolognini D, Lietti D, Prest M, Vallazza E. Orientational Coherent Effects of High-Energy Particles in a LiNbO3 Crystal. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:015503. [PMID: 26182106 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.015503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A bent lithium niobate strip was exposed to a 400-GeV/c proton beam at the external lines of CERN Super Proton Synchrotron to probe its capabilities versus coherent interactions of the particles with the crystal such as channeling and volume reflection. Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) exhibits an interplanar electric field comparable to that of Silicon (Si) and remarkable piezoelectric properties, which could be exploited for the realization of piezo-actuated devices for the control of high-energy particle beams. In contrast to Si and germanium (Ge), LiNbO3 shows an intriguing effect; in spite of a low channeling efficiency (3%), the volume reflection maintains a high deflection efficiency (83%). Such discrepancy was ascribed to the high concentration (10(4) per cm2) of dislocations in our sample, which was obtained from a commercial wafer. Indeed, it has been theoretically shown that a channeling efficiency comparable with that of Si or Ge would be attained with a crystal at low defect concentration (less than ten per cm2). To better understand the role of dislocations on volume reflection, we have worked out computer simulation via dynecharm++ Monte Carlo code to study the effect of dislocations on volume reflection. The results of the simulations agree with experimental records, demonstrating that volume reflection is more robust than channeling in the presence of dislocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bagli
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Guidi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Mazzolari
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Bandiera
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Germogli
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A I Sytov
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - D De Salvador
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy and INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - A Argiolas
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy and INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - M Bazzan
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy and INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - A Carnera
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy and INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - A Berra
- Università dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy and INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Bolognini
- Università dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy and INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Lietti
- Università dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy and INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Prest
- Università dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy and INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Vallazza
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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8
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Lietti D, Backe H, Bagli E, Bandiera L, Berra A, Carturan S, De Salvador D, Germogli G, Guidi V, Lauth W, Mazzolari A, Prest M, Vallazza E. The experimental setup of the Interaction in Crystals for Emission of RADiation collaboration at Mainzer Mikrotron: Design, commissioning, and tests. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:045102. [PMID: 25933892 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silicon/germanium flat/bent crystals are thin devices able to efficiently deflect charged particle GeV-energy beams up to a few hundreds of μrad; moreover, high intensity photons can be efficiently produced in the so-called Multi-Volume Reflection (MVR) and Multiple Volume Reflections in One Crystal (MVROC) conditions. In the last years, the research interest in this field has moved to the dynamic studies of light negative leptons in the low energy range: the possibility to deflect negative particles and to produce high intensity γ sources via the coherent interactions with crystals in the sub-GeV energy range has been proved by the ICE-RAD (Interaction in Crystals for Emission of RADiation) Collaboration at the MAinzer MIkrotron (MAMI, Germany). This paper describes the setup used by the ICE-RAD experiment for the crystals characterization (both in terms of deflection and radiation emission properties): a high precision goniometer is used to align the crystals with the incoming beam, while a silicon based profilometer and an inorganic scintillator reconstruct, respectively, the particle position and the photon spectra after the samples. The crystals manufacturing process and their characterization, the silicon profilometer commissioning at the CERN PS T9 beamline, and the commissioning of the whole setup installed at MAMI are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lietti
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - H Backe
- Institut für Kernphysik der Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - E Bagli
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Bandiera
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Berra
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - S Carturan
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D De Salvador
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Germogli
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Guidi
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - W Lauth
- Institut für Kernphysik der Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Mazzolari
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Prest
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - E Vallazza
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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9
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Mazzolari A, Bagli E, Bandiera L, Guidi V, Backe H, Lauth W, Tikhomirov V, Berra A, Lietti D, Prest M, Vallazza E, De Salvador D. Steering of a sub-GeV electron beam through planar channeling enhanced by rechanneling. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:135503. [PMID: 24745437 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.135503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of efficient steering of a 855 MeV electron beam at MAMI (MAinzer MIkrotron) facilities by means of planar channeling and volume reflection in a bent silicon crystal. A 30.5 μm thick plate of (211) oriented Si was bent to cause quasimosaic deformation of the (111) crystallographic planes, which were used for coherent interaction with the electron beam. The experimental results are analogous to those recorded some years ago at energy higher than 100 GeV, which is the only comparable study to date. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that rechanneling plays a considerable role in a particle's dynamics and hinders the spoiling of channeled particles. These results allow a better understanding of the dynamics of electrons subject to coherent interactions in a bent silicon crystal in the sub-GeV energy range, which is relevant for realization of innovative x-ray sources based on channeling in periodically bent crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mazzolari
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Bagli
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Bandiera
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Guidi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - H Backe
- Institut für Kernphysik der Universität Mainz, Fachbereich Physik, Mathematik und Informatik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Lauth
- Institut für Kernphysik der Universität Mainz, Fachbereich Physik, Mathematik und Informatik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Tikhomirov
- Research Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya street, 11, Minsk 220030, Belarus
| | - A Berra
- Università dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy and INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Lietti
- Università dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy and INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Prest
- Università dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy and INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Vallazza
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D De Salvador
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
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10
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Aghai-Khozani H, Barna D, Corradini M, Hayano R, Hori M, Kobayashi T, Leali M, Lodi-Rizzini E, Mascagna V, Prest M, Soter A, Todoroki K, Vallazza E, Venturelli L, Zurlo N. Experimental results on antiproton–nuclei annihilation cross section at very low energies. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146609001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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11
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Todoroki K, Hori M, Aghai-Khozani H, Barna D, Corradini M, Kobayashi T, Leali M, Lodi-Rizzini E, Mascagna V, Prest M, Soter A, Vallazza E, Venturelli L, Zurlo N, Hayano R. Beam Diagnostics for Measurements of Antiproton Annihilation Cross Sections at Ultra-low Energy. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146609020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Bandiera L, Bagli E, Guidi V, Mazzolari A, Berra A, Lietti D, Prest M, Vallazza E, De Salvador D, Tikhomirov V. Broad and intense radiation accompanying multiple volume reflection of ultrarelativistic electrons in a bent crystal. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:255502. [PMID: 24483748 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.255502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The radiation emitted by 120 GeV/c electrons traversing a single bent crystal under multiple volume reflection orientation is investigated. Multiple volume reflection in one crystal occurs as a charged particle impacts on a bent crystal at several axial channeling angles with respect to a crystal axis. The resulting energy-loss spectrum of electrons was very intense over the full energy range up to the nominal energy of the beam. As compared to the radiation emission by an individual volume reflection, the energy-loss spectrum is more intense and peaks at an energy 3 times greater. Experimental results are compared to a theoretical approach based on the direct integration of the quasiclassical Baier and Katkov formula. In this way, it is possible to determine the mean number of photons emitted by each electron and, thus, to extract the single-photon spectrum, which is broad and intense. The soft part of the radiation spectrum is due to the contribution of coherent interaction between electrons and several reflecting planes intersecting the same crystal axis, whereas the hard part is mainly connected to coherent bremsstrahlung induced by correlated scattering of electrons by atomic strings (string of strings scattering and radiation). The radiation generation by multiple volume reflection takes place over a broad angular range of the incident beam with respect to coherent bremsstrahlung and channeling radiation in straight crystals. Therefore, this type of radiation can be exploited for applications, such as beam dump and collimation devices for future linear colliders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bandiera
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Bagli
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Guidi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Mazzolari
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Berra
- Università dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy, and INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Lietti
- Università dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy, and INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Prest
- Università dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy, and INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Vallazza
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D De Salvador
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Italy, and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - V Tikhomirov
- Research Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
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13
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Bagli E, Bandiera L, Guidi V, Mazzolari A, De Salvador D, Maggioni G, Berra A, Lietti D, Prest M, Vallazza E, Abrosimov NV. Coherent effects of high-energy particles in a graded Si(1-x)Ge(x) crystal. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:175502. [PMID: 23679744 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.175502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A graded Si(1-x)Ge(x) crystal has been manufactured for operation with high-energy protons to excite coherent interactions of the particles with the crystal such as channeling and volume reflection. The crystal had the shape of a parallelepiped though its (111) atomic planes were curved at a radius of 25.6 m because of the graded Ge content. The crystal was exposed to a 400 GeV/c proton beam at the external lines of CERN Super Proton Synchrotron to probe its capability to steer high-energy particles. Measured deflection efficiency was 62.0% under planar channeling and 96.0% under volume reflection. Such values are critically compared to their counterparts for a standard bent Si crystal under peer conditions. A Monte Carlo simulation of the dynamics of channeled and volume reflected particles in a graded crystal including the effect of Ge impurities and of lattice dislocations has been carried out. We found that the effect of crystal imperfections spoiled the efficiency of channeling while it negligibly affected the performance of volume reflection. We finally propose the usage of the graded crystal as a primary scatterer to aid halo collimation for the new generation of hadronic machines. As a unique feature, a properly cut graded crystal circumvents the problem of the miscut angle, which is currently a severe limitation for implementation of crystal-assisted collimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bagli
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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14
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Donegani E, Aiani A, Basilico F, Bolognini D, Borasio P, Cappelletti P, Chiari P, Frigerio M, Gelosa S, Giannini G, Hasan S, Mattera A, Mauri P, Monti A, Ostinelli A, Prest M, Vallazza E, Zanini A. 1409 poster TOWARDS A HOSPITAL-BASED BNCT WITH A STANDARD RADIO-THERAPIC LINAC. Radiother Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(11)71531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Tavani M, Bulgarelli A, Vittorini V, Pellizzoni A, Striani E, Caraveo P, Weisskopf MC, Tennant A, Pucella G, Trois A, Costa E, Evangelista Y, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Del Monte E, Campana R, Pilia M, De Luca A, Donnarumma I, Horns D, Ferrigno C, Heinke CO, Trifoglio M, Gianotti F, Vercellone S, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, Contessi T, D’Ammando F, DeParis G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Galli M, Giuliani A, Giusti M, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Fuschino F, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Soffitta P, Vallazza E, Zambra A, Zanello D, Lucarelli F, Santolamazza P, Giommi P, Salotti L, Bignami GF. Discovery of Powerful Gamma-Ray Flares from the Crab Nebula. Science 2011; 331:736-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1200083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Tavani
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata,” via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), villa Gualino, v.le Settimio Severo 63, 10133 Torino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A. Bulgarelli
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - V. Vittorini
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A. Pellizzoni
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Poggio dei Pini, 09012 Capoterra, Italy
| | - E. Striani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata,” via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - P. Caraveo
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M. C. Weisskopf
- NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
| | - A. Tennant
- NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
| | - G. Pucella
- Ente per le Nuove tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente (ENEA) Frascati, via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati(RM), Italy
| | - A. Trois
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - E. Costa
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Y. Evangelista
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C. Pittori
- Agenzia Spatiale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, European Space Agency (ESA) Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - F. Verrecchia
- Agenzia Spatiale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, European Space Agency (ESA) Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - E. Del Monte
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - R. Campana
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M. Pilia
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Poggio dei Pini, 09012 Capoterra, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi dell’ Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - A. De Luca
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS), I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - I. Donnarumma
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - D. Horns
- Institut fuer Experimentalphysik, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - C. Ferrigno
- Integral Science Data Centre, University of Geneva, Geneva Chemin d’Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - C. O. Heinke
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - M. Trifoglio
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - F. Gianotti
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Vercellone
- INAF-IASF Palermo, via La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - A. Argan
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G. Barbiellini
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), villa Gualino, v.le Settimio Severo 63, 10133 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- INFN Trieste, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A. W. Chen
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), villa Gualino, v.le Settimio Severo 63, 10133 Torino, Italy
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - T. Contessi
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F. D’Ammando
- INAF-IASF Palermo, via La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - G. DeParis
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G. Di Cocco
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Di Persio
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M. Feroci
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A. Ferrari
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), villa Gualino, v.le Settimio Severo 63, 10133 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica Generale, Università degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - M. Galli
- ENEA Bologna, via don Fiammelli 2, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Giuliani
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M. Giusti
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), villa Gualino, v.le Settimio Severo 63, 10133 Torino, Italy
| | - C. Labanti
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - I. Lapshov
- Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 84/32 Profsoyuznaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - F. Lazzarotto
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - P. Lipari
- INFN Roma 1, p.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza,” p.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F. Longo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- INFN Trieste, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - F. Fuschino
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Marisaldi
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Mereghetti
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - E. Morelli
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - E. Moretti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- INFN Trieste, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - A. Morselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - L. Pacciani
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - F. Perotti
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G. Piano
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - P. Picozza
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M. Prest
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi dell’ Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - M. Rapisarda
- Ente per le Nuove tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente (ENEA) Frascati, via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati(RM), Italy
| | | | - A. Rubini
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S. Sabatini
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - P. Soffitta
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - E. Vallazza
- INFN Trieste, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - A. Zambra
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), villa Gualino, v.le Settimio Severo 63, 10133 Torino, Italy
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D. Zanello
- INFN Roma 1, p.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza,” p.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F. Lucarelli
- Agenzia Spatiale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, European Space Agency (ESA) Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P. Santolamazza
- Agenzia Spatiale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, European Space Agency (ESA) Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P. Giommi
- Agenzia Spatiale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, European Space Agency (ESA) Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | | | - G. F. Bignami
- Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS), I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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16
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Tavani M, Marisaldi M, Labanti C, Fuschino F, Argan A, Trois A, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Pittori C, Palma F, Trifoglio M, Gianotti F, Bulgarelli A, Vittorini V, Verrecchia F, Salotti L, Barbiellini G, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen A, Contessi T, Costa E, D'Ammando F, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Galli M, Giuliani A, Giusti M, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Pucella G, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rossi E, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Striani E, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Zambra A, Zanello D. Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes as powerful particle accelerators. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:018501. [PMID: 21231775 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.018501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Strong electric discharges associated with thunderstorms can produce terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs), i.e., intense bursts of x rays and γ rays lasting a few milliseconds or less. We present in this Letter new TGF timing and spectral data based on the observations of the Italian Space Agency AGILE satellite. We determine that the TGF emission above 10 MeV has a significant power-law spectral component reaching energies up to 100 MeV. These results challenge TGF theoretical models based on runaway electron acceleration. The TGF discharge electric field accelerates particles over the large distances for which maximal voltages of hundreds of megavolts can be established. The combination of huge potentials and large electric fields in TGFs can efficiently accelerate particles in large numbers, and we reconsider here the photon spectrum and the neutron production by photonuclear reactions in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tavani
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
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17
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Marisaldi M, Argan A, Trois A, Giuliani A, Tavani M, Labanti C, Fuschino F, Bulgarelli A, Longo F, Barbiellini G, Del Monte E, Moretti E, Trifoglio M, Costa E, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen A, D'Ammando F, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Galli M, Gianotti F, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Piano G, Pilia M, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Soffitta P, Striani E, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Antonelli LA, Colafrancesco S, Cutini S, Giommi P, Lucarelli F, Pittori C, Santolamazza P, Verrecchia F, Salotti L. Gamma-ray localization of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:128501. [PMID: 20867680 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.128501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are very short bursts of high-energy photons and electrons originating in Earth's atmosphere. We present here a localization study of TGFs carried out at gamma-ray energies above 20 MeV based on an innovative event selection method. We use the AGILE satellite Silicon Tracker data that for the first time have been correlated with TGFs detected by the AGILE Mini-Calorimeter. We detect 8 TGFs with gamma-ray photons of energies above 20 MeV localized by the AGILE gamma-ray imager with an accuracy of ∼5-10° at 50 MeV. Remarkably, all TGF-associated gamma rays are compatible with a terrestrial production site closer to the subsatellite point than 400 km. Considering that our gamma rays reach the AGILE satellite at 540 km altitude with limited scattering or attenuation, our measurements provide the first precise direct localization of TGFs from space.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marisaldi
- INAF-IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
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18
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Marisaldi M, Fuschino F, Labanti C, Galli M, Longo F, Del Monte E, Barbiellini G, Tavani M, Giuliani A, Moretti E, Vercellone S, Costa E, Cutini S, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Mereghetti S, Pacciani L, Rapisarda M, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Argan A, Boffelli F, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen A, Cocco V, D'Ammando F, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Gianotti F, Morselli A, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Piano G, Pilia M, Prest M, Pucella G, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Striani E, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Antonelli LA, Colafrancesco S, Gasparrini D, Giommi P, Pittori C, Preger B, Santolamazza P, Verrecchia F, Salotti L. Detection of terrestrial gamma ray flashes up to 40 MeV by the AGILE satellite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009ja014502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - F. Longo
- Dipartimento di Fisica; Università di Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | | | - G. Barbiellini
- Dipartimento di Fisica; Università di Trieste; Trieste Italy
- INFN; Trieste Italy
| | - M. Tavani
- IASF, INAF; Rome Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica; Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata,”; Rome Italy
| | | | - E. Moretti
- Dipartimento di Fisica; Università di Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | | | | | - S. Cutini
- ASI Science Data Center; Frascati Italy
| | | | | | | | - I. Lapshov
- IASF, INAF; Rome Italy
- IKI; Moscow Russia
| | | | - P. Lipari
- INFN; Rome Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica; Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza,”; Rome Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - F. D'Ammando
- IASF, INAF; Rome Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica; Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata,”; Rome Italy
| | | | | | | | - A. Ferrari
- CIFS; Turin Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica; Università Torino; Turin Italy
| | | | - T. Froysland
- Dipartimento di Fisica; Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata,”; Rome Italy
- CIFS; Turin Italy
| | | | | | - A. Pellizzoni
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari; INAF; Capoterra Italy
| | | | | | - G. Piano
- IASF, INAF; Rome Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica; Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata,”; Rome Italy
- INFN; Rome Italy
| | - M. Pilia
- Dipartimento di Fisica; Università dell'Insubria; Como Italy
| | - M. Prest
- Dipartimento di Fisica; Università dell'Insubria; Como Italy
- INFN; Milan Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - E. Striani
- IASF, INAF; Rome Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica; Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata,”; Rome Italy
- INFN; Rome Italy
| | | | | | | | - A. Zambra
- IASF, INAF; Milan Italy
- CIFS; Turin Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - P. Giommi
- ASI Science Data Center; Frascati Italy
| | | | - B. Preger
- ASI Science Data Center; Frascati Italy
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19
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Pellizzoni A, Trois A, Tavani M, Pilia M, Giuliani A, Pucella G, Esposito P, Sabatini S, Piano G, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Bulgarelli A, Burgay M, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, Cocco V, Contessi T, Costa E, D’Ammando F, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Hotan A, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mereghetti S, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Palfreyman J, Perotti F, Picozza P, Pittori C, Possenti A, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rossi E, Rubini A, Santolamazza P, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Striani E, Trifoglio M, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Verrecchia F, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Antonelli A, Salotti L, D’Amico N, Bignami GF. Detection of Gamma-Ray Emission from the Vela Pulsar Wind Nebula with AGILE. Science 2010; 327:663-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1183844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Pellizzoni
- INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, loc. Poggio dei Pini, strada 54, I-09012, Capoterra (CA), Italy
| | - A. Trois
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M. Tavani
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN-Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale, viale Settimio Severo 63, I-10133 Torino, Italy
| | - M. Pilia
- INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, loc. Poggio dei Pini, strada 54, I-09012, Capoterra (CA), Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università dell’Insubria, via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy
| | - A. Giuliani
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G. Pucella
- ENEA Frascati, via E. Fermi 45, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - P. Esposito
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- INFN-Pavia, via A. Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - S. Sabatini
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN-Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G. Piano
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN-Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A. Argan
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - A. Bulgarelli
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Burgay
- INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, loc. Poggio dei Pini, strada 54, I-09012, Capoterra (CA), Italy
| | - P. Caraveo
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - A. W. Chen
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - V. Cocco
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - T. Contessi
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - E. Costa
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - F. D’Ammando
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - E. Del Monte
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G. De Paris
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G. Di Cocco
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G. Di Persio
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - I. Donnarumma
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Y. Evangelista
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M. Feroci
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A. Ferrari
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale, viale Settimio Severo 63, I-10133 Torino, Italy
| | - M. Fiorini
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F. Fuschino
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Galli
- ENEA Bologna, via don G. Fiammelli 2, I-40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - F. Gianotti
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Hotan
- Curtin University of Technology, 78 Murray Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - C. Labanti
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - I. Lapshov
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - F. Lazzarotto
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - P. Lipari
- INFN-Roma La Sapienza, p.le A. Moro 2, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F. Longo
- INFN-Trieste, Padriciano 99, I-34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - M. Marisaldi
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Mastropietro
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S. Mereghetti
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - E. Moretti
- INFN-Trieste, Padriciano 99, I-34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - A. Morselli
- INFN-Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - L. Pacciani
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - J. Palfreyman
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - F. Perotti
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - P. Picozza
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN-Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C. Pittori
- ASI Science Data Center, ESRIN, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - A. Possenti
- INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, loc. Poggio dei Pini, strada 54, I-09012, Capoterra (CA), Italy
| | - M. Prest
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università dell’Insubria, via Valleggio 11, I-22100 Como, Italy
| | - M. Rapisarda
- ENEA Frascati, via E. Fermi 45, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - A. Rappoldi
- INFN-Pavia, via A. Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - E. Rossi
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Rubini
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - P. Santolamazza
- ASI Science Data Center, ESRIN, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - E. Scalise
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - P. Soffitta
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - E. Striani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN-Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M. Trifoglio
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - E. Vallazza
- INFN-Trieste, Padriciano 99, I-34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - S. Vercellone
- INAF-IASF Palermo, via U. La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - F. Verrecchia
- ASI Science Data Center, ESRIN, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - V. Vittorini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A. Zambra
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D. Zanello
- INFN-Roma La Sapienza, p.le A. Moro 2, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - P. Giommi
- ASI Science Data Center, ESRIN, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | | | - A. Antonelli
- ASI Science Data Center, ESRIN, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - L. Salotti
- ASI–Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, viale Liegi 26, I-00198 Roma, Italy
| | - N. D’Amico
- INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, loc. Poggio dei Pini, strada 54, I-09012, Capoterra (CA), Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - G. F. Bignami
- Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori, viale Lungo Ticino Sforza 56, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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Tavani M, Bulgarelli A, Piano G, Sabatini S, Striani E, Evangelista Y, Trois A, Pooley G, Trushkin S, Nizhelskij NA, McCollough M, Koljonen KII, Pucella G, Giuliani A, Chen AW, Costa E, Vittorini V, Trifoglio M, Gianotti F, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Contessi T, D’Ammando F, Monte ED, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fuschino F, Galli M, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Mattaini E, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mauri A, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Pilia M, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rossi E, Rubini A, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Santolamazza P, Antonelli A, Salotti L. Extreme particle acceleration in the microquasar Cygnus X-3. Nature 2009; 462:620-3. [DOI: 10.1038/nature08578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mattera A, Bolognini D, Hasan S, Prest M, Vallazza E, Giannini G, Cappelletti P, Frigerio M, Gelosa S, Monti A, Ostinelli A, Mauri P, Basilico F, Zanini A, Capelli E, Chiari P, Borasio P. REAL-TIME IMAGING OF 10B IN A HOSPITAL-BASED NEUTRON FACILITY. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)73203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Scandale W, Vomiero A, Baricordi S, Dalpiaz P, Fiorini M, Guidi V, Mazzolari A, Della Mea G, Milan R, Ambrosi G, Zuccon P, Bertucci B, Burger W, Duranti M, Cavoto G, Santacesaria R, Valente P, Luci C, Iacoangeli F, Vallazza E, Afonin AG, Chesnokov YA, Kotov VI, Maisheev VA, Yazynin IA, Kovalenko AD, Taratin AM, Denisov AS, Gavrikov YA, Ivanov YM, Lapina LP, Malyarenko LG, Skorogobogatov VV, Suvorov VM, Vavilov SA, Bolognini D, Hasan S, Mozzanica A, Prest M. Observation of multiple volume reflection of ultrarelativistic protons by a sequence of several bent silicon crystals. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:084801. [PMID: 19257744 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.084801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of 400 GeV protons with different sequences of bent silicon crystals have been investigated at the H8 beam line of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The multiple volume reflection of the proton beam has been studied in detail on a five-crystal reflector measuring an angular beam deflection theta = 52.96 +/- 0.14 microrad. The efficiency was found larger than 80% for an angular acceptance at the reflector entrance of 70 microrad, with a maximal efficiency value of epsilon = 0.90 +/- 0.01 +/- 0.03.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Scandale
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
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23
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Scandale W, Vomiero A, Baricordi S, Dalpiaz P, Fiorini M, Guidi V, Mazzolari A, Milan R, Della Mea G, Ambrosi G, Bertucci B, Burger WJ, Duranti M, Zuccon P, Cavoto G, Iacoangeli F, Luci C, Pisano S, Santacesaria R, Valente P, Vallazza E, Afonin AG, Chesnokov YA, Kotov VI, Maisheev VA, Yazynin IA, Kovalenko AD, Taratin AM, Denisov AS, Gavrikov YA, Ivanov YM, Lapina LP, Malyarenko LG, Skorobogatov VV, Suvorov VM, Vavilov SA, Bolognini D, Hasan S, Lietti D, Mozzanica A, Prest M. Volume reflection dependence of 400 GeV/c protons on the bent crystal curvature. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:234801. [PMID: 19113559 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.234801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The trend of volume reflection parameters (deflection angle and efficiency) in a bent (110) silicon crystal has been investigated as a function of the crystal curvature with 400 GeV/c protons on the H8 beam line at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. This Letter describes the analysis performed at six different curvatures showing that the optimal radius for volume reflection is approximately 10 times greater than the critical radius for channeling. A strong scattering of the beam by the planar potential is also observed for a bend radius close to the critical one.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Scandale
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
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Baldini L, Barbiellini G, Bellazzini R, Bogart JR, Bogaert G, Bonamente E, Bregeon J, Brez A, Brigida M, Borgland AW, Bruel P, Caliandro GA, Cecchi C, Ceglie FP, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, do Couto e Silva E, Dubois R, Conrad J, Dumora D, Favuzzi C, Fewtrell Z, Focke WB, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Germani S, Giebels B, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Godfrey GL, Kelly HM, Grove E, Karlsson N, Kocian M, Kuss M, Latronico L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Mazzenga G, Mazziotta MN, Minori M, Minuti M, Mizuno T, Moiseev A, Mongelli M, Monte C, Nuss E, Omodei N, Paneque D, Pepe M, Pinchera M, Piron F, Pontoni C, Prest M, Rainò S, Rando R, Reposeur T, Reyes LC, Rochester LS, Sacchetti A, Scolieri G, Sgrò C, Smith DA, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Takahashi H, Vallazza E, Ylinen T. Preliminary results of the LAT Calibration Unit beam tests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2757300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Aubert B, Boutigny D, Gaillard JM, Hicheur A, Karyotakis Y, Lees JP, Robbe P, Tisserand V, Palano A, Chen GP, Chen JC, Qi ND, Rong G, Wang P, Zhu YS, Eigen G, Reinertsen PL, Stugu B, Abbott B, Abrams GS, Borgland AW, Breon AB, Brown DN, Button-Shafer J, Cahn RN, Clark AR, Fan Q, Gill MS, Gowdy SJ, Gritsan A, Groysman Y, Jacobsen RG, Kadel RW, Kadyk J, Kerth LT, Kluth S, Kolomensky YG, Kral JF, LeClerc C, Levi ME, Liu T, Lynch G, Meyer AB, Momayezi M, Oddone PJ, Perazzo A, Pripstein M, Roe NA, Romosan A, Ronan MT, Shelkov VG, Telnov AV, Wenzel WA, Bright-Thomas PG, Harrison TJ, Hawkes CM, Kirk A, Knowles DJ, O'Neale SW, Penny RC, Watson AT, Watson NK, Deppermann T, Koch H, Krug J, Kunze M, Lewandowski B, Peters K, Schmuecker H, Steinke M, Andress JC, Barlow NR, Bhimji W, Chevalier N, Clark PJ, Cottingham WN, De Groot N, Dyce N, Foster B, Mass A, McFall JD, Wallom D, Wilson FF, Abe K, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Thiessen D, Camanzi B, Jolly S, McKemey AK, Tinslay J, Blinov VE, Bukin AD, Bukin DA, Buzykaev AR, Dubrovin MS, Golubev VB, Ivanchenko VN, Korol AA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Salnikov AA, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Telnov VI, Yushkov AN, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, McMahon S, Stoker DP, Ahsan A, Arisaka K, Buchanan C, Chun S, Branson JG, MacFarlane DB, Prell S, Rahatlou S, Raven G, Sharma V, Campagnari C, Dahmes B, Hart PA, Kuznetsova N, Levy SL, Long O, Lu A, Richman JD, Verkerke W, Witherell M, Yellin S, Beringer J, Dorfan DE, Eisner AM, Frey A, Grillo AA, Grothe M, Heusch CA, Johnson RP, Kroeger W, Lockman WS, Pulliam T, Sadrozinski H, Schalk T, Schmitz RE, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Turri M, Walkowiak W, Williams DC, Wilson MG, Chen E, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dvoretskii A, Hitlin DG, Metzler S, Oyang J, Porter FC, Ryd A, Samuel A, Weaver M, Yang S, Zhu RY, Devmal S, Geld TL, Jayatilleke S, Mancinelli G, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Bloom P, Fahey S, Ford WT, Gaede F, Johnson DR, Michael AK, Nauenberg U, Olivas A, Park H, Rankin P, Roy J, Sen S, Smith JG, van Hoek WC, Wagner DL, Blouw J, Harton JL, Krishnamurthy M, Soffer A, Toki WH, Wilson RJ, Zhang J, Brandt T, Brose J, Colberg T, Dahlinger G, Dickopp M, Dubitzky RS, Maly E, Müller-Pfefferkorn R, Otto S, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Spaan B, Wilden L, Behr L, Bernard D, Bonneaud GR, Brochard F, Cohen-Tanugi J, Ferrag S, Roussot E, T'Jampens S, Thiebaux C, Vasileiadis G, Verderi M, Anjomshoaa A, Bernet R, Di Lodovico F, Khan A, Muheim F, Playfer S, Swain JE, Falbo M, Bozzi C, Dittongo S, Folegani M, Piemontese L, Treadwell E, Anulli F, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Falciai D, Finocchiaro G, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Xie Y, Zallo A, Bagnasco S, Buzzo A, Contri R, Crosetti G, Fabbricatore P, Farinon S, Lo Vetere M, Macri M, Monge MR, Musenich R, Pallavicini M, Parodi R, Passaggio S, Pastore FC, Patrignani C, Pia MG, Priano C, Robutti E, Santroni A, Morii M, Bartoldus R, Dignan T, Hamilton R, Mallik U, Cochran J, Crawley HB, Fischer PA, Lamsa J, Meyer WT, Rosenberg EI, Benkebil M, Grosdidier G, Hast C, Höcker A, Lacker HM, LePeltier V, Lutz AM, Plaszczynski S, Schune MH, Trincaz-Duvoid S, Valassi A, Wormser G, Bionta RM, Brigljevic V, Fackler O, Fujino D, Lange DJ, Mugge M, Shi X, van Bibber K, Wenaus TJ, Wright DM, Wuest CR, Carroll M, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Gamet R, George M, Kay M, Payne DJ, Sloane RJ, Touramanis C, Aspinwall ML, Bowerman DA, Dauncey PD, Egede U, Eschrich I, Gunawardane NJ, Martin R, Nash JA, Sanders P, Smith D, Azzopardi DE, Back JJ, Dixon P, Harrison PF, Potter RJ, Shorthouse HW, Strother P, Vidal PB, Williams MI, Cowan G, George S, Green MG, Kurup A, Marker CE, McGrath P, McMahon TR, Ricciardi S, Salvatore F, Scott I, Vaitsas G, Brown D, Davis CL, Allison J, Barlow RJ, Boyd JT, Forti A, Fullwood J, Jackson F, Lafferty GD, Savvas N, Simopoulos ET, Weatherall JH, Farbin A, Jawahery A, Lillard V, Olsen J, Roberts DA, Schieck JR, Blaylock G, Dallapiccola C, Flood KT, Hertzbach SS, Kofler R, Lin CS, Moore TB, Staengle H, Willocq S, Wittlin J, Brau B, Cowan R, Sciolla G, Taylor F, Yamamoto RK, Britton DI, Milek M, Patel PM, Trischuk J, Lanni F, Palombo F, Bauer JM, Booke M, Cremaldi L, Eschenburg V, Kroeger R, Reidy J, Sanders DA, Summers DJ, Martin JP, Nief JY, Seitz R, Taras P, Zacek V, Nicholson H, Sutton CS, Cartaro C, Cavallo N, De Nardo G, Fabozzi F, Gatto C, Lista L, Paolucci P, Piccolo D, Sciacca C, LoSecco JM, Alsmiller JR, Gabriel TA, Handler T, Brau J, Frey R, Iwasaki M, Sinev NB, Strom D, Colecchia F, Dal Corso F, Dorigo A, Galeazzi F, Margoni M, Michelon G, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Torassa E, Voci C, Benayoun M, Briand H, Chauveau J, David P, De La Vaissière C, Del Buono L, Hamon O, Le Diberder F, Leruste P, Lory J, Roos L, Stark J, Versillé S, Manfredi PF, Re V, Speziali V, Frank ED, Gladney L, Guo QH, Panetta JH, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Bondioli M, Carpinelli M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Martinez-Vidal F, Morganti M, Neri N, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Sandrelli F, Simi G, Triggiani G, Walsh J, Haire M, Judd D, Paick K, Turnbull L, Wagoner DE, Albert J, Bula C, Lu C, McDonald KT, Miftakov V, Schaffner SF, Smith AJ, Tumanov A, Varnes EW, Cavoto G, del Re D, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Fratini K, Lamanna E, Leonardi E, Mazzoni MA, Morganti S, Piredda G, Safai Tehrani F, Serra M, Voena C, Christ S, Waldi R, Adye T, Franek B, Geddes NI, Gopal GP, Xella SM, Aleksan R, De Domenico G, Emery S, Gaidot A, Ganzhur SF, Giraud PF, Hamel De Monchenault G, Kozanecki W, Langer M, London GW, Mayer B, Serfass B, Vasseur G, Yeche C, Zito M, Copty N, Purohit MV, Singh H, Yumiceva FX, Adam I, Anthony PL, Aston D, Baird K, Bartelt J, Bloom E, Boyarski AM, Bulos F, Calderini G, Claus R, Convery MR, Coupal DP, Coward DH, Dorfan J, Doser M, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Glanzman T, Godfrey GL, Grosso P, Himel T, Huffer ME, Innes WR, Jessop CP, Kelsey MH, Kim P, Kocian ML, Langenegger U, Leith DW, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, Manzin G, Marsiske H, Menke S, Messner R, Moffeit KC, Mount R, Muller DR, O'Grady CP, Petrak S, Quinn H, Ratcliff BN, Robertson SH, Rochester LS, Roodman A, Schietinger T, Schindler RH, Schwiening J, Serbo VV, Snyder A, Soha A, Spanier SM, Stahl A, Stelzer J, Su D, Sullivan MK, Talby M, Tanaka HA, Trunov A, Va'vra J, Wagner SR, Weinstein AJ, Wisniewski WJ, Young CC, Burchat PR, Cheng CH, Kirkby D, Meyer TI, Roat C, De Silva A, Henderson R, Bugg W, Cohn H, Hart E, Weidemann AW, Benninger T, Izen JM, Kitayama I, Lou XC, Turcotte M, Bianchi F, Bona M, Di Girolamo B, Gamba D, Smol A, Zanin D, Bosisio L, Della Ricca G, Lanceri L, Pompili A, Poropat P, Prest M, Vallazza E, Vuagnin G, Panvini RS, Brown CM, Kowalewski R, Roney JM, Band HR, Charles E, Dasu S, Elmer P, Hu H, Johnson JR, Liu R, Nielsen J, Orejudos W, Pan Y, Prepost R, Scott IJ, Sekula SJ, von Wimmersperg-Toeller JH, Wu SL, Yu Z, Zobering H, Kordich TM, Neal H. Measurement of the decays B--> phiK and B--> phiK*. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:151801. [PMID: 11580690 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.151801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have observed the decays B--> phiK and phiK(*) in a sample of over 45 million B mesons collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II collider. The measured branching fractions are B(B+--> phiK+) = (7.7(+1.6)(-1.4)+/-0.8)x10(-6), B(B0--> phiK0) = (8.1(+3.1)(-2.5)+/-0.8)x10(-6), B(B+--> phiK(*+)) = (9.7(+4.2)(-3.4)+/-1.7)x10(-6), and B(B0--> phiK(*0)) = (8.7(+2.5)(-2.1)+/-1.1)x10(-6). We also report the upper limit B(B+--> phipi(+))<1.4x10(-6) ( 90% C.L.).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aubert
- Laboratoire de Physique des Particules, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
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Aubert B, Boutigny D, Gaillard JM, Hicheur A, Karyotakis Y, Lees JP, Robbe P, Tisserand V, Palano A, Chen GP, Chen JC, Qi ND, Rong G, Wang P, Zhu YS, Eigen G, Reinertsen PL, Stugu B, Abbott B, Abrams GS, Borgland AW, Breon AB, Brown DN, Button-Shafer J, Cahn RN, Clark AR, Fan Q, Gill MS, Gowdy SJ, Gritsan A, Groysman Y, Jacobsen RG, Kadel RW, Kadyk J, Kerth LT, Kluth S, Kolomensky YG, Kral JF, LeClerc C, Levi ME, Liu T, Lynch G, Meyer AB, Momayezi M, Oddone PJ, Perazzo A, Pripstein M, Roe NA, Romosan A, Ronan MT, Shelkov VG, Telnov AV, Wenzel WA, Bright-Thomas PG, Harrison TJ, Hawkes CM, Kirk A, Knowles DJ, O'Neale SW, Penny RC, Watson AT, Watson NK, Deppermann T, Koch H, Krug J, Kunze M, Lewandowski B, Peters K, Schmuecker H, Steinke M, Andress JC, Barlow NR, Bhimji W, Chevalier N, Clark PJ, Cottingham WN, De Groot N, Dyce N, Foster B, Mass A, McFall JD, Wallom D, Wilson FF, Abe K, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, Thiessen D, Camanzi B, Jolly S, McKemey AK, Tinslay J, Blinov VE, Bukin AD, Bukin DA, Buzykaev AR, Dubrovin MS, Golubev VB, Ivanchenko VN, Korol AA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Salnikov AA, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Telnov VI, Yushkov AN, Lankford AJ, Mandelkern M, McMahon S, Stoker DP, Ahsan A, Arisaka K, Buchanan C, Chun S, Branson JG, MacFarlane DB, Prell S, Rahatlou S, Raven G, Sharma V, Campagnari C, Dahmes B, Hart PA, Kuznetsova N, Levy SL, Long O, Lu A, Richman JD, Verkerke W, Witherell M, Yellin S, Beringer J, Dorfan DE, Eisner AM, Frey A, Grillo AA, Grothe M, Heusch CA, Johnson RP, Kroeger W, Lockman WS, Pulliam T, Sadrozinski H, Schalk T, Schmitz RE, Schumm BA, Seiden A, Turri M, Walkowiak W, Williams DC, Wilson MG, Chen E, Dubois-Felsmann GP, Dvoretskii A, Hitlin DG, Metzler S, Oyang J, Porter FC, Ryd A, Samuel A, Weaver M, Yang S, Zhu RY, Devmal S, Geld TL, Jayatilleke S, Mancinelli G, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Bloom P, Fahey S, Ford WT, Gaede F, Johnson DR, Michael AK, Nauenberg U, Olivas A, Park H, Rankin P, Roy J, Sen S, Smith JG, van Hoek WC, Wagner DL, Blouw J, Harton JL, Krishnamurthy M, Soffer A, Toki WH, Wilson RJ, Zhang J, Brandt T, Brose J, Colberg T, Dahlinger G, Dickopp M, Dubitzky RS, Maly E, Müller-Pfefferkorn R, Otto S, Schubert KR, Schwierz R, Spaan B, Wilden L, Behr L, Bernard D, Bonneaud GR, Brochard F, Cohen-Tanugi J, Ferrag S, Roussot E, T'Jampens S, Thiebaux C, Vasileiadis G, Verderi M, Anjomshoaa A, Bernet R, Khan A, Muheim F, Playfer S, Swain JE, Falbo M, Bozzi C, Dittongo S, Folegani M, Piemontese L, Treadwell E, Anulli F, Baldini-Ferroli R, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Falciai D, Finocchiaro G, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Xie Y, Zallo A, Bagnasco S, Buzzo A, Contri R, Crosetti G, Fabbricatore P, Farinon S, Lo Vetere M, Macri M, Monge MR, Musenich R, Pallavicini M, Parodi R, Passaggio S, Pastore FC, Patrignani C, Pia MG, Priano C, Robutti E, Santroni A, Morii M, Bartoldus R, Dignan T, Hamilton R, Mallik U, Cochran J, Crawley HB, Fischer PA, Lamsa J, Meyer WT, Rosenberg EI, Benkebil M, Grosdidier G, Hast C, Höcker A, Lacker HM, LePeltier V, Lutz AM, Plaszczynski S, Schune MH, Trincaz-Duvoid S, Valassi A, Wormser G, Bionta RM, Brigljevic V, Fackler O, Fujino D, Lange DJ, Mugge M, Shi X, van Bibber K, Wenaus TJ, Wright DM, Wuest CR, Carroll M, Fry JR, Gabathuler E, Gamet R, George M, Kay M, Payne DJ, Sloane RJ, Touramanis C, Aspinwall ML, Bowerman DA, Dauncey PD, Egede U, Eschrich I, Gunawardane NJ, Martin R, Nash JA, Sanders P, Smith D, Azzopardi DE, Back JJ, Dixon P, Harrison PF, Potter RJ, Shorthouse HW, Strother P, Vidal PB, Williams MI, Cowan G, George S, Green MG, Kurup A, Marker CE, McGrath P, McMahon TR, Ricciardi S, Salvatore F, Scott I, Vaitsas G, Brown D, Davis CL, Allison J, Barlow RJ, Boyd JT, Forti A, Fullwood J, Jackson F, Lafferty GD, Savvas N, Simopoulos ET, Weatherall JH, Farbin A, Jawahery A, Lillard V, Olsen J, Roberts DA, Schieck JR, Blaylock G, Dallapiccola C, Flood KT, Hertzbach SS, Kofler R, Lin CS, Moore TB, Staengle H, Willocq S, Wittlin J, Brau B, Cowan R, Sciolla G, Taylor F, Yamamoto RK, Britton DI, Milek M, Patel PM, Trischuk J, Lanni F, Palombo F, Bauer JM, Booke M, Cremaldi L, Eschenburg V, Kroeger R, Reidy J, Sanders DA, Summers DJ, Martin JP, Nief JY, Seitz R, Taras P, Zacek V, Nicholson H, Sutton CS, Cartaro C, Cavallo N, De Nardo G, Fabozzi F, Gatto C, Lista L, Paolucci P, Piccolo D, Sciacca C, LoSecco JM, Alsmiller JR, Gabriel TA, Handler T, Brau J, Frey R, Iwasaki M, Sinev NB, Strom D, Colecchia F, Dal Corso F, Dorigo A, Galeazzi F, Margoni M, Michelon G, Morandin M, Posocco M, Rotondo M, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Torassa E, Voci C, Benayoun M, Briand H, Chauveau J, David P, De La Vaissière C, Del Buono L, Hamon O, Le Diberder F, Leruste P, Lory J, Roos L, Stark J, Versillé S, Manfredi PF, Re V, Speziali V, Frank ED, Gladney L, Guo QH, Panetta JH, Angelini C, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Bondioli M, Carpinelli M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Martinez-Vidal F, Morganti M, Neri N, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Sandrelli F, Simi G, Triggiani G, Walsh J, Haire M, Judd D, Paick K, Turnbull L, Wagoner DE, Albert J, Bula C, Lu C, McDonald KT, Miftakov V, Schaffner SF, Smith AJ, Tumanov A, Varnes EW, Cavoto G, del Re D, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Fratini K, Lamanna E, Leonardi E, Mazzoni MA, Morganti S, Pierini M, Piredda G, Safai Tehrani F, Serra M, Voena C, Christ S, Waldi R, Adye T, Franek B, Geddes NI, Gopal GP, Xella SM, Aleksan R, De Domenico G, Emery S, Gaidot A, Ganzhur SF, Giraud PF, Hamel De Monchenault G, Kozanecki W, Langer M, London GW, Mayer B, Serfass B, Vasseur G, Yeche C, Zito M, Copty N, Purohit MV, Singh H, Yumiceva FX, Adam I, Anthony PL, Aston D, Baird K, Bartelt J, Bloom E, Boyarski AM, Bulos F, Calderini G, Claus R, Convery MR, Coupal DP, Coward DH, Dorfan J, Doser M, Dunwoodie W, Field RC, Glanzman T, Godfrey GL, Grosso P, Himel T, Huffer ME, Innes WR, Jessop CP, Kelsey MH, Kim P, Kocian ML, Langenegger U, Leith DW, Luitz S, Luth V, Lynch HL, Manzin G, Marsiske H, Menke S, Messner R, Moffeit KC, Mount R, Muller DR, O'Grady CP, Petrak S, Quinn H, Ratcliff BN, Robertson SH, Rochester LS, Roodman A, Schietinger T, Schindler RH, Schwiening J, Serbo VV, Snyder A, Soha A, Spanier SM, Stahl A, Stelzer J, Su D, Sullivan MK, Talby M, Tanaka HA, Trunov A, Va'vra J, Wagner SR, Weinstein AJ, Wisniewski WJ, Young CC, Burchat PR, Cheng CH, Kirkby D, Meyer TI, Roat C, De Silva A, Henderson R, Bugg W, Cohn H, Hart E, Weidemann AW, Benninger T, Izen JM, Kitayama I, Lou XC, Turcotte M, Bianchi F, Bona M, Di Girolamo B, Gamba D, Smol A, Zanin D, Bosisio L, Della Ricca G, Lanceri L, Pompili A, Poropat P, Prest M, Vallazza E, Vuagnin G, Panvini RS, Brown CM, Kowalewski R, Roney JM, Band HR, Charles E, Dasu S, Elmer P, Hu H, Johnson JR, Liu R, Nielsen J, Orejudos W, Pan Y, Prepost R, Scott IJ, Sekula SJ, von Wimmersperg-Toeller JH, Wu SL, Yu Z, Zobering H, Kordich TM, Neal H. Measurement of branching fractions and search for CP-violating charge asymmetries in charmless two-body B decays into pions and kaons. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:151802. [PMID: 11580691 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.151802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements, based on a sample of approximately 23x10(6) BB pairs, of the branching fractions and a search for CP-violating charge asymmetries in charmless hadronic decays of B mesons into two-body final states of kaons and pions. We find the branching fractions B(B0-->pi(+)pi(-)) = (4.1+/-1.0+/-0.7)x10(-6), B(B0-->K+pi(-)) = (16.7+/-1.6+/-1.3)x10(-6), B(B+-->K+pi(0)) = (10.8(+2.1)(-1.9)+/-1.0)x10(-6), B(B+-->K0pi(+)) = (18.2(+3.3)(-3.0)+/-2.0)x10(-6), B(B0-->K0pi(0)) = (8.2(+3.1)(-2.7)+/-1.2)x10(-6). We also report 90% confidence level upper limits for B meson decays to the pi(+)pi(0), K+K-, and K0K+ final states. In addition, charge asymmetries have been found to be consistent with zero, where the statistical precision is in the range of +/-0.10 to +/-0.18, depending on the decay mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aubert
- Laboratoire de Physique des Particules, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
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Olivo A, Arfelli F, Cantatore G, Longo R, Menk RH, Pani S, Prest M, Poropat P, Rigon L, Tromba G, Vallazza E, Castelli E. An innovative digital imaging set-up allowing a low-dose approach to phase contrast applications in the medical field. Med Phys 2001; 28:1610-9. [PMID: 11548930 DOI: 10.1118/1.1388219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, new imaging modalities based on the detection of weak phase perturbations effects, among which are phase contrast and diffraction imaging, have been developed by several researchers. Due to their high sensitivity to weakly absorbing details, these techniques seem to be very promising for applications in the medical field. On the other hand, digital radiology is undergoing a wide diffusion, and its benefits are presently very well understood. Up to now, however, the strong pixel size constraints associated with phase contrast pattern detection limited the possibility of exploiting the advantages of phase contrast in digital radiology applications. In this paper, an innovative setup capable of removing the pixel size constraints, and thus opening the way to low dose digital phase contrast imaging, is described. Furthermore, we introduce an imaging technique based on the detection of radiation scattered at small angles: the information extracted from the sample is increased at no dose expense. We believe that several radiological fields, mammography being the first important example, may benefit from the herein described innovative imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Olivo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste e INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Italy.
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Olivo A, Rigon L, Arfelli F, Cantatore G, Longo R, Menk RH, Pani S, Prest M, Poropat P, Tromba G, Vallazza E, Castelli E. Experimental evaluation of a simple algorithm to enhance the spatial resolution in scanned radiographic systems. Med Phys 2000; 27:2609-16. [PMID: 11128314 DOI: 10.1118/1.1318219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to ensure an early diagnosis of breast cancer, an imaging system must fulfil extremely stringent requirements in terms of dynamic range, contrast resolution and spatial resolution. Furthermore, in order to reduce the dose delivered to the patient, a high efficiency of the detector device should be provided. In this paper the SYRMEP/FRONTRAD (SYnchrotron Radiation for MEdical Physics/FRONTier RADiology) mammography project, based on synchroton radiation and a novel solid state pixel detector, is briefly described. Particular relevance is given to the fact that the radiographic image is obtained by means of a scanning technique, which allows the possibility of utilizing a scanning step smaller than the pixel size. With this procedure, a convolution between the real image and the detector point spread function (PSF) is actually acquired: by carefully measuring the detector PSF, it is possible to apply a post-processing procedure (filtered deconvolution), which reconstructs images with enhanced spatial resolution. The image acquisition modality and the deconvolution algorithm are herein described, and some test object images, with spatial resolution enhanced by means of the filtered deconvolution procedure, are presented. As discussed in detail in this paper, this procedure allows us to obtain a spatial resolution determined by the scanning step, rather than by the pixel size.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Olivo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste e INFN, Italy
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29
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Arfelli F, Bonvicini V, Bravin A, Cantatore G, Castelli E, Palma LD, Michiel MD, Fabrizioli M, Longo R, Menk RH, Olivo A, Pani S, Pontoni D, Poropat P, Prest M, Rashevsky A, Ratti M, Rigon L, Tromba G, Vacchi A, Vallazza E, Zanconati F. Mammography with synchrotron radiation: phase-detection techniques. Radiology 2000; 215:286-93. [PMID: 10751500 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.215.1.r00ap10286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The authors evaluated the effect on mammographic examinations of the use of synchrotron radiation to detect phase-perturbation effects, which are higher than absorption effects for soft tissue in the energy range of 15-25 keV. Detection of phase-perturbation effects was possible because of the high degree of coherence of synchrotron radiation sources. Synchrotron radiation images were obtained of a mammographic phantom and in vitro breast tissue specimens and compared with conventional mammographic studies. On the basis of grades assigned by three reviewers, image quality of the former was considerably higher, and the delivered dose was fully compatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Arfelli
- Depart of Physics, Università di Trieste, Italy
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Arfelli F, Bonvicini V, Bravin A, Cantatore G, Castelli E, Fabrizioli M, Longo R, Olivo A, Pani S, Pontoni D, Poropat P, Prest M, Rashevsky A, Rigon L, Tromba G, Vacchi A, Vallazza E. A multilayer edge-on silicon microstrip single photon counting detector for momography mammography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5632(99)00610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Arfelli F, Assante M, Bonvicini V, Bravin A, Cantatore G, Castelli E, Dalla Palma L, Di Michiel M, Longo R, Olivo A, Pani S, Pontoni D, Poropat P, Prest M, Rashevsky A, Tromba G, Vacchi A, Vallazza E, Zanconati F. Low-dose phase contrast x-ray medical imaging. Phys Med Biol 1998; 43:2845-52. [PMID: 9814522 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/43/10/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Phase contrast x-ray imaging is a powerful technique for the detection of low-contrast details in weakly absorbing objects. This method is of possible relevance in the field of diagnostic radiology. In fact, imaging low-contrast details within soft tissue does not give satisfactory results in conventional x-ray absorption radiology, mammography being a typical example. Nevertheless, up to now all applications of the phase contrast technique, carried out on thin samples, have required radiation doses substantially higher than those delivered in conventional radiological examinations. To demonstrate the applicability of the method to mammography we produced phase contrast images of objects a few centimetres thick while delivering radiation doses lower than or comparable to doses needed in standard mammographic examinations (typically approximately 1 mGy mean glandular dose (MGD)). We show images of a custom mammographic phantom and of two specimens of human breast tissue obtained at the SYRMEP bending magnet beamline at Elettra, the Trieste synchrotron radiation facility. The introduction of an intensifier screen enabled us to obtain phase contrast images of these thick samples with radiation doses comparable to those used in mammography. Low absorbing details such as 50 microm thick nylon wires or thin calcium deposits (approximately 50 microm) within breast tissue, invisible with conventional techniques, are detected by means of the proposed method. We also find that the use of a bending magnet radiation source relaxes the previously reported requirements on source size for phase contrast imaging. Finally, the consistency of the results has been checked by theoretical simulations carried out for the purposes of this experiment.
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Arfelli F, Bonvicini V, Bravin A, Cantatore G, Castelli E, Dalla Palma L, Di Michiel M, Longo R, Olivo A, Pani S, Pontoni D, Poropat P, Prest M, Rashevsky A, Tromba G, Vacchi A. Mammography of a phantom and breast tissue with synchrotron radiation and a linear-array silicon detector. Radiology 1998; 208:709-15. [PMID: 9722850 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.208.3.9722850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A linear-array, silicon pixel detector, capable of counting single photons, was applied to mammography by using a synchrotron radiation beam. Images were obtained of both a mammographic phantom and a breast-tissue sample. The phantom image was acquired with a mean glandular dose of 0.32 mGy. This detector combined with a synchrotron radiation beam allows acquisition of high-contrast, low-dose images of soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Arfelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Italy
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Arfelli F, Bonvicini V, Bravin A, Cantatore G, Castelli E, Palma LD, Michiel MD, Longo R, Olivo A, Pani S, Pontoni D, Poropat P, Prest M, Rashevsky A, Tromba G, Vacchi A. A linear array silicon pixel detector: images of a mammographic test object and evaluation of delivered doses. Phys Med Biol 1997; 42:1565-73. [PMID: 9279906 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/42/8/007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We present images of a mammographic test object obtained using a linear array silicon pixel detector capable of single-photon counting. The detector pixel size was 200 x 300 microns2 and images were acquired by scanning the test object between the laminar detector and the x-ray source with a scanning step of 100 microns. A molybdenum anode tube was used with two different filtrations: 2 mm aluminium and 25 microns molybdenum. Conventional film-screen images were also obtained in order to compare spatial and contrast resolution. In our digital images it is possible to recognize low-contrast details having dimensions smaller than or equal to the dimensions of details visible by means of a clinical mammographic unit. The detection of microcalcifications smaller than 150 microns was possible only when using the Mo filtration. However a copper wire of 50 microns diameter was detectable when embedded in a simulated tissue. We discuss in detail the mean glandular doses (MGDs) delivered during the image acquisition. The MGDs necessary to obtain good-quality images are always smaller than at a conventional mammographic unit. Since MGDs depend on the x-ray spectrum, the dose reduction becomes larger when the applied spectrum is harder than in film-screen acquisition (Al filtration and 35 kVp).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Arfelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Italy
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Adam W, Adye T, Agasi E, Ajinenko I, Aleksan R, Alekseev GD, Alemany R, Allport PP, Almehed S, Amaldi U, Amato S, Andreazza A, Andrieux ML, Antilogus P, Apel WD, Arnoud Y, Åsman B, Augustin JE, Augustinus A, Baillon P, Bambade P, Barao F, Barate R, Barbi M, Bardin DY, Baroncelli A, Barring O, Barrio JA, Bartl W, Bates MJ, Battaglia M, Baubillier M, Baudot J, Becks KH, Begalli M, Beilliere P, Belokopytov Y, Benvenuti AC, Berggren M, Bertini D, Bertrand D, Bianchi F, Bigi M, Bilenky MS, Billoir P, Bloch D, Blume M, Bolognese T, Bonesini M, Bonivento W, Booth PSL, Borisov G, Bosio C, Botner O, Boudinov E, Bouquet B, Bourdarios C, Bowcock TJV, Bozzo M, Branchini P, Brand KD, Brenke T, Brenner RA, Bricman C, Brown RCA, Bruckman P, Brunet JM, Bugge L, Buran T, Burgsmueller T, Buschmann P, Buys A, Cabrera S, Caccia M, Calvi M, Camacho Rozas AJ, Camporesi T, Canale V, Canepa M, Cankocak K, Cao F, Carena F, Carroll L, Caso C, Castillo Gimenez MV, Cattai A, Cavallo FR, Chabaud V, Charpentier P, Chaussard L, Chauveau J, Checchia P, Chelkov GA, Chen M, Chierici R, Chliapnikov P, Chochula P, Chorowicz V, Chudoba J, Cindro V, Collins P, Contreras JL, Contri R, Cortina E, Cosme G, Cossutti F, Crawley HB, Crennell D, Crosetti G, Maestro J, Czellar S, Dahl-Jensen E, Dahm J, Dalmagne B, Dam M, Damgaard G, Dauncey PD, Davenport M, Silva W, Defoix C, Deghorain A, Ricca G, Delpierre P, Demaria N, Angelis A, Boer W, Brabandere S, Clercq C, Vaissiere C, Lotto B, Min A, Paula L, Saint-Jean C, Dijkstra H, Ciaccio L, Djama F, Dolbeau J, Donszelmann M, Doroba K, Dracos M, Drees J, Drees KA, Dris M, Durand JD, Edsall D, Ehret R, Eigen G, Ekelof T, Ekspong G, Elsing M, Engel JP, Erzen B, Santo M, Falk E, Fassouliotis D, Feindt M, Fenyuk A, Ferrer A, Fichet S, Filippas TA, Firestone A, Fischer PA, Foeth H, Fokitis E, Fontanelli F, Formenti F, Franek B, Frenkiel P, Fries DC, Frodesen AG, Fruhwirth R, Fulda-Quenzer F, Fuster J, Galloni A, Gamba D, Gandelman M, Garcia C, Garcia J, Gaspar C, Gasparini U, Gavillet P, Gazis EN, Gele D, Gerber JP, Gibbs M, Gokieli R, Golob B, Gopal G, Gorn L, Gorski M, Gouz Y, Gracco V, Graziani E, Grosdidier G, Grzelak K, Gumenyuk S, Gunnarsson P, Gunther M, Guy J, Hahn F, Hahn S, Hajduk Z, Hallgren A, Hamacher K, Hao W, Harris FJ, Hedberg V, Henriques R, Hernandez JJ, Herquet P, Herr H, Hessing TL, Higon E, Hilke HJ, Hill TS, Holmgren SO, Holt PJ, Holthuizen D, Hoorelbeke S, Houlden M, Hrubec J, Huet K, Hultqvist K, Jackson JN, Jacobsson R, Jalocha P, Janik R, Jarlskog C, Jarlskog G, Jarry P, Jean-Marie B, Johansson EK, Jonsson L, Jonsson P, Joram C, Juillot P, Kaiser M, Kapusta F, Karafasoulis K, Karlsson M, Karvelas E, Katsanevas S, Katsoufis EC, Keranen R, Khokhlov Y, Khomenko BA, Khovanski NN, King B, Kjaer NJ, Klein H, Klovning A, Kluit P, Koene B, Kokkinias P, Koratzinos M, Korcyl K, Kourkoumelis C, Kouznetsov O, Kramer PH, Krammer M, Kreuter C, Kronkvist I, Krumstein Z, Krupinski W, Kubinec P, Kucewicz W, Kurvinen K, Lacasta C, Laktineh I, Lamblot S, Lamsa JW, Lanceri L, Lane DW, Langefeld P, Last I, Laugier JP, Lauhakangas R, Leder G, Ledroit F, Lefebure V, Legan CK, Leitner R, Lemoigne Y, Lemonne J, Lenzen G, Lepeltier V, Lesiak T, Libby J, Liko D, Lindner R, Lipniacka A, Lippi I, Loerstad B, Loken JG, Lopez JM, Loukas D, Lutz P, Lyons L, MacNaughton J, Maehlum G, Maio A, Malychev V, Marco J, Marco R, Marechal B, Margoni M, Marin JC, Mariotti C, Markou A, Maron T, Martinez-Rivero C, Martinez-Vidal F, Marti i Garcia S, Masik J, Matorras F, Matteuzzi C, Matthiae G, Mazzucato M, Cubbin MM, Kay RM, Nulty RM, Medbo J, Merk M, Meroni C, Meyer S, Meyer WT, Miagkov A, Michelotto M, Migliore E, Mirabito L, Mitaroff WA, Mjoernmark U, Moa T, Moeller R, Moenig K, Monge MR, Morettini P, Mueller H, Mundim LM, Murray WJ, Muryn B, Myatt G, Naraghi F, Navarria FL, Navas S, Nawrocki K, Negri P, Neumann W, Neumeister N, Nicolaidou R, Nielsen BS, Nieuwenhuizen M, Nikolaenko V, Niss P, Nomerotski A, Normand A, Novak M, Oberschulte-Beckmann W, Obraztsov V, Olshevski AG, Onofre A, Orava R, Osterberg K, Ouraou A, Paganini P, Paganoni M, Pages P, Palka H, Papadopoulou TD, Papageorgiou K, Pape L, Parkes C, Parodi F, Passeri A, Pegoraro M, Peralta L, Pernegger H, Pernicka M, Perrotta A, Petridou C, Petrolini A, Petrovyck M, Phillips HT, Piana G, Pierre F, Pimenta M, Pindo M, Plaszczynski S, Podobrin O, Pol ME, Polok G, Poropat P, Pozdniakov V, Prest M, Privitera P, Pukhaeva N, Pullia A, Radojicic D, Ragazzi S, Rahmani H, Rames J, Ratoff PN, Read AL, Reale M, Rebecchi P, Redaelli NG, Regler M, Reid D, Renton PB, Resvanis LK, Richard F, Richardson J, Ridky J, Rinaudo G, Ripp I, Romero A, Roncagliolo I, Ronchese P, Roos L, Rosenberg EI, Rosso E, Roudeau P, Rovelli T, Ruckstuhl W, Ruhlmann-Kleider V, Ruiz A, Rybicki K, Saarikko H, Sacquin Y, Sadovsky A, Sahr O, Sajot G, Salt J, Sanchez J, Sannino M, Schimmelpfennig M, Schneider H, Schwickerath U, Schyns MAE, Sciolla G, Scuri F, Seager P, Sedykh Y, Segar AM, Seitz A, Sekulin R, Shellard RC, Siccama I, Siegrist P, Simonetti S, Simonetto F, Sisakian AN, Sitar B, Skaali TB, Smadja G, Smirnov N, Smirnova O, Smith GR, Sokolov A, Solovianov O, Sosnowski R, Souza-Santos D, Spassov T, Spiriti E, Sponholz P, Squarcia S, Stanescu C, Stapnes S, Stavitski I, Stevenson K, Stichelbaut F, Stocchi A, Strauss J, Strub R, Stugu B, Szczekowski M, Szeptycka M, Tabarelli T, Tavernet JP, Tchikilev O, Thomas J, Tilquin A, Timmermans J, Tkatchev LG, Todorov T, Todorova S, Toet DZ, Tomaradze A, Tome B, Tonazzo A, Tortora L, Transtromer G, Treille D, Trischuk W, Tristram G, Trombini A, Troncon C, Tsirou A, Turluer ML, Tyapkin IA, Tyndel M, Tzamarias S, Ueberschaer B, Ullaland O, Uvarov V, Valenti G, Vallazza E, Velde CV, Apeldoorn GW, Dam P, Doninck WK, Eldik J, Vassilopoulos N, Vegni G, Ventura L, Venus W, Verbeure F, Verlato M, Vertogradov LS, Vilanova D, Vincent P, Vitale L, Vlasov E, Vodopyanov AS, Vrba V, Wahlen H, Walck C, Waldner F, Weierstall M, Weilhammer P, Weiser C, Wetherell AM, Wicke D, Wickens JH, Wielers M, Wilkinson GR, Williams WSC, Winter M, Witek M, Woschnagg K, Yip K, Yushchenko O, Zach F, Zaitsev A, Zalewska A, Zalewski P, Zavrtanik D, Zevgolatakos E, Zimin NI, Zito M, Zontar D, Zucchelli GC, Zumerle G. Study of rareb decays with the DELPHI detector at LEP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/s002880050238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abreu P, Adam W, Adye T, Agasi E, Ajinenko I, Aleksan R, Alekseev GD, Alemany R, Allport PP, Almehed S, Amaldi U, Amato S, Andreazza A, Andrieux ML, Antilogus P, Apel WD, Arnoud Y, Åsman B, Augustin JE, Augustinus A, Baillon P, Bambade P, Barao F, Barate R, Barbi M, Barbiellini G, Bardin DY, Baroncelli A, Barring O, Barrio JA, Bartl W, Bates MJ, Battaglia M, Baubillier M, Baudot J, Becks KH, Begalli M, Beilliere P, Belokopytov Y, Benvenuti AC, Berggren M, Bertrand D, Bianchi F, Bigi M, Bilenky MS, Billoir P, Bloch D, Blume M, Blyth S, Bolognese T, Bonesini M, Bonivento W, Booth PSL, Borisov G, Bosio C, Bosworth S, Botner O, Boudinov E, Bouquet B, Bourdarios C, Bowcock TJV, Bozzo M, Branchini P, Brand KD, Brenke T, Brenner RA, Bricman C, Brillault L, Brown RCA, Bruckman P, Brunet JM, Bugge L, Buran T, Burgsmueller T, Buschmann P, Buys A, Cabrera S, Caccia M, Calvi M, Camacho Rozas AJ, Camporesi T, Canale V, Canepa M, Cankocak K, Cao F, Carena F, Carroll L, Caso C, Castillo Gimenez MV, Cattai A, Cavallo FR, Cerrito L, Chabaud V, Chapkin M, Charpentier P, Chaussard L, Chauveau J, Checchia P, Chelkov GA, Chen M, Chierici R, Chliapnikov P, Chochula P, Chorowicz V, Chudova J, Cindro V, Collins P, Contreras JL, Contri R, Cortina E, Cosme G, Cossutti F, Crawley HB, Crennell D, Cresetti G, Maestro JC, Czellar S, Dahl-Jensen E, Dahm J, Dalmagne B, Dam M, Damgaard G, Dauncey PD, Davenport M, Silva W, Defoix C, Deghorain A, Ricca G, Delpierre P, Demaria N, Angelis A, Boer W, Brabandere S, Clercq C, Vaissiere C, Lotto B, Min A, Paula L, Saint-Jean C, Dijkstra H, Ciaccio L, Djama F, Dolbeau J, Donszelmann M, Doroba K, Dracos M, Drees J, Drees KA, Dris M, Edsall D, Ehret R, Eigen G, Ekelof T, Ekspong G, Elsing M, Engel JP, Ershaidat N, Erzen B, Santo ME, Falk E, Fassouliotis D, Feindt M, Fenyuk A, Ferrer A, Filippas TA, Firestone A, Fischer PA, Foeth H, Fokitis E, Fontanelli F, Formenti F, Franek B, Frenkiel P, Fries DC, Frodesen AG, Fruhwirth R, Fulda-Quenzer F, Fuster J, Galloni A, Gamba D, Gandelman M, Garcia C, Garcia J, Gaspar C, Gasparini U, Gavillet P, Gazis EN, Gele D, Gerber JP, Gibbs M, Gokieli R, Golob B, Gopal G, Gorn L, Gorski M, Gouz Y, Gracco V, Graziani E, Grosdidier G, Grzelak K, Gumenyuk S, Gunnarsson P, Gunther M, Guy J, Hahn F, Hahn S, Hajduk Z, Hallgren A, Hamacher K, Hao W, Harris FJ, Hedberg V, Henriques R, Hernandez JJ, Herquet P, Herr H, Hessing TL, Higon E, Hilke HJ, Hill TS, Holmgren SO, Holt PJ, Holthuizen D, Hoorelbeke S, Houlden M, Huet K, Hultqvist K, Jackson JN, Jacobsson R, Jalocha P, Janik R, Jarlskog C, Jarlskog G, Jarry P, Jean-Marie B, Johansson EK, Jonsson L, Jonsson P, Joram C, Juillot P, Kaiser M, Kapusta F, Karafasoulis K, Karlsson M, Karvelas E, Katsanevas S, Katsoufis EC, Keranen R, Khomenko BA, Khovanski NN, King B, Kjaer NJ, Klein H, Klovning A, Kluit P, Koene B, Kokkinias P, Koratzinos M, Korcyl K, Kostioukhine V, Kourkoumelis C, Kouznetsov O, Kramer PH, Krammer M, Kreuter C, Kronkvist I, Krumstein Z, Krupinski W, Kubinec P, Kucewicz W, Kurvinen K, Lacasta C, Laktineh I, Lamblot S, Lamsa JW, Lanceri L, Lane DW, Langefeld P, Lapin V, Last I, Laugier JP, Lauhakangas R, Leder G, Ledroit F, Lefebure V, Legan CK, Leitner R, Lemoigne Y, Lemonne J, Lenzen G, Lepeltier V, Lesiak T, Liko D, Lindner R, Lipniacka A, Lippi I, Loerstad B, Loken JG, Lopez JM, Loukas D, Lutz P, Lyons L, MacNaughton J, Maehlum G, Maio A, Malychev V, Mandl F, Marco J, Marco R, Marechal B, Margoni M, Marin JC, Mariotti C, Markou A, Maron T, Martinez-Rivero C, Martinez-Vidal F, Marti i Garcia S, Masik J, Matorras F, Matteuzzi C, Matthiae G, Mazzucato M, Mc Cubbin M, Mc Kay R, Mc Nulty R, Medbo J, Merk M, Meroni C, Meyer S, Meyer WT, Michelotto M, Migliore E, Mirabito L, Mitaroff WA, Mjoernmark U, Moa T, Moeller R, Moenig K, Monge MR, Morettini P, Mueller H, Mundim LM, Murray WJ, Muryn B, Myatt G, Naraghi F, Navarria FL, Navas S, Nawrocki K, Negri P, Neumann W, Neumeister N, Nicolaidou R, Nielsen BS, Nieuwenhuizen M, Nikolaenko V, Niss P, Nomerotski A, Normand A, Novak M, Oberschulte-Beckmann W, Obraztsov V, Olshevski AG, Onofre A, Orava R, Ostankov A, Osterberg K, Ouraou A, Paganini P, Paganoni M, Pages P, Palka H, Papadopoulou TD, Papageorgiou K, Pape L, Parkes C, Parodi F, Passeri A, Pegoraro M, Pernegger H, Pernicka M, Perrotta A, Petridou C, Petrolini A, Petrovyck M, Phillips HT, Piana G, Pierre F, Pimenta M, Pindo M, Plaszczynski S, Podobrin O, Pol ME, Polok G, Poropat P, Pozdniakov V, Prest M, Privitera P, Pukhaeva N, Pullia A, Radojicic D, Ragazzi S, Rahmani H, Ratoff PN, Read AL, Reale M, Rebecchi P, Redaelli NG, Regler M, Reid D, Renton PB, Resvanis LK, Richard F, Richardson J, Ridky J, Rinaudo G, Ripp I, Romero A, Roncagliolo I, Ronchese P, Roos L, Rosenberg EI, Rosso E, Roudeau P, Rovelli T, Ruckstuhl W, Ruhlmann-Kleider V, Ruiz A, Rybicki K, Saarikko H, Sacquin Y, Sadovsky A, Sajot G, Salt J, Sanchez J, Sannino M, Schimmelpfennig M, Schneider H, Schwickerath U, Schyns MAE, Sciolla G, Scuri F, Seager P, Sedykh Y, Segar AM, Seitz A, Sekulin R, Shellard RC, Siccama I, Siegrist P, Simonetti S, Simonetto F, Sisakian AN, Sitar B, Skaali TB, Smadja G, Smirnov N, Smirnova O, Smith GR, Sosnowski R, Souza-Santos D, Spassov T, Spiriti E, Sponholz P, Squarcia S, Stanescu C, Stapnes S, Stavitski I, Stichelbaut F, Stocchi A, Strauss J, Strub R, Stugu B, Szczekowski M, Szeptycka M, Tabarelli T, Tavernet JP, Tchikilev O, Tilquin A, Timmermans J, Tkatchev LG, Todorov T, Todorova S, Toet DZ, Tomaradze A, Tome B, Tonazzo A, Tortora L, Transtromer G, Treille D, Trischuk W, Tristram G, Trombini A, Troncon C, Tsirou A, Turluer ML, Tyapkin IA, Tyndel M, Tzamarias S, Ueberschaer B, Ullaland O, Uvarov V, Valenti G, Vallazza E, Velde C, Apeldoorn GW, Dam P, Doninck WK, Eldik J, Vassilopoulos N, Vegni G, Ventura L, Venus W, Verbeure F, Verlato M, Vertogradov LS, Vilanova D, Vincent P, Vitale L, Vlasov E, Vodopyanov AS, Vrba V, Wahlen H, Walck C, Weierstall M, Weilhammer P, Weiser C, Wetherell AM, Wicke D, Wickens JH, Wielers M, Wilkinson GR, Williams WSC, Winter M, Witek M, Woschnagg K, Yip K, Zach F, Zaitsev A, Zalewska A, Zalewski P, Zavrtanik D, Zevgolatakos E, Zimin NI, Zito M, Zontar D, Zuberi R, Zucchelli GC, Zumerle G. Mean lifetime of theB s 0 meson. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02906957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abreu P, Adam W, Adye T, Agasi E, Ajinenko I, Aleksan R, Alekseev GD, Allport PP, Almehed S, Almeida FML, Alvsvaag SJ, Amaldi U, Andreazza A, Antilogus P, Apel WD, Apsimon RJ, Arnoud Y, Asman B, Augustin JE, Augustinus A, Baillon P, Bambade P, Barao F, Barate R, Bardin DY, Barker GJ, Baroncelli A, Barring O, Barrio JA, Bartl W, Bates MJ, Battaglia M, Baubillier M, Baudot J, Becks KH, Begalli M, Beilliere P, Beltran P, Benvenuti AC, Berggren M, Bertrand D, Bianchi F, Bigi M, Bilenky MS, Billoir P, Bjarne J, Bloch D, Blocki J, Blyth S, Bocci V, Bogolubov PN, Bolognese T, Bonesini M, Bonivento W, Booth PSL, Borisov G, Bosio C, Bostjancic B, Bosworth S, Botner O, Boudinov E, Bouquet B, Bourdarios C, Bowcock TJV, Bozzo M, Braibant S, Branchini P, Brand KD, Brenner RA, Briand H, Bricman C, Brillault L, Brown RCA, Brunet JM, Bugge L, Buran T, Buys A, Buytaert JAMA, Caccia M, Calvi M, Camacho Rozas AJ, Campion R, Camporesi T, Capale V, Cankocak K, Cao F, Carena F, Carrilho P, Carroll L, Cases R, Caso C, Castillo Gimenez MV, Cattai A, Cavallo FR, Cerrito L, Chabaud V, Chan A, Chapkin M, Charpentier P, Chaussard L, Chauveau J, Checchia P, Chelkov GA, Chliapnikov P, Chorowicz V, Chrin JTM, Cindro V, Collins P, Contreras JL, Contri R, Cortina E, Cosme G, Cosmo G, Cossutti C, Couchot F, Crawley HB, Crennell D, Crosetti G, Cuevas Maestro J, Czellar S, Dahl-Jensen E, Dahm J, Dalmagne B, Dam M, Damgaard G, Daubie E, Daum A, Dauncey PD, Davenport M, Davies J, Silva W, Defoix C, Delpierre P, Demaria N, Angelis A, Boeck H, Boer W, Brabandere S, Clercq C, Fez Laso MDM, Vaissiere C, Lotto B, Min A, Paula L, Saint-Jean C, Diikstra H, Ciaccio L, Diama F, Dolbeau J, Donszelmann M, Doroba K, Dracos M, Drees J, Dris M, Dufour Y, Dupont F, Edsall D, Ehret R, Ekelof T, Ekspong G, Elsing M, Engel JP, Ershaidat N, Espirito Santo M, Fassouliotis D, Feindt M, Fenyuk A, Ferrer A, Filippas TA, Firestone A, Foeth H, Fokitis E, Fontanelli F, Formenti F, Fousset JL, Franek B, Frenkiel P, Fries DC, Frodesen AG, Fruhwirth R, Fulda-Quenzer F, Furstenau H, Fuster J, Gamba D, Gandelman M, Garcia C, Garcia J, Gaspar C, Gasparini U, Gavillet P, Gazis EN, Gele D, Gerber JP, Giacomelli P, Gillespie D, Gokieli R, Golob B, Golovatyuk VM, Gomez Y Cadenas JJ, Gopal G, Gorn L, Gorski M, Gracco V, Grard F, Graziani E, Grosdidier G, Gunnarsson P, Guy J, Haedinger U, Hahn F, Hahn M, Hahn S, Haider S, Hajduk Z, Hakansson A, Hallgren A, Hamacher K, Hao W, Harris FJ, Hedberg V, Henriques R, Hernandez JJ, Hernando JA, Herquet P, Herr H, Hessing TL, Higon E, Hilke HJ, Hill TS, Holmgren SO, Holt PJ, Holthuizen D, Honore PF, Houlden M, Hrubec J, Huet K, Hultqvist K, Ioannou P, Iversen PS, Jackson JN, Jacobsson R, Jalocha P, Jarlskog G, Jarry P, Jean-Marie B, Johansson EK, Jonker M, Jonsson L, Juillot P, Kaiser M, Kalmus G, Kapusta F, Karlsson M, Karvelas E, Katsanevas S, Katsoufis EC, Keranen R, Khomenko BA, Khovanski NN, King B, Kjaer NJ, Klein H, Klovning A, Kluit P, Koch-Mehrin A, Koehne JH, Koene B, Kokkinias P, Koratzinos M, Korcyl K, Korytov AV, Kostioukhine V, Kourkoumelis C, Kouznetsov O, Kramer PH, Krammer M, Kreuter C, Krolikowski J, Kronkvist I, Krupinski W, Kulka K, Kurvinen K, Lacasta C, Laktineh I, Lambropoulos C, Lamsa JW, Lanceri L, Langefeld P, Lapin V, Last I, Laugier JP, Lauhakangas R, Leder G, Ledroit F, Leitner R, Lemoigne Y, Lemonne J, Lenzen G, Lepeltier V, Lesiak T, Levy JM, Lieb E, Liko D, Lindner R, Lipniacka A, Lippi I, Loerstad B, Lokajicek M, Loken JG, Lopez-Fernandez A, Lopez Aguera MA, Los M, Loukas D, Lozano JJ, Lutz P, Lyons L, Maehlum G, Maillard J, Maio A, Maltezos A, Mandl F, Marco J, Marechal B, Margoni M, Marin JC, Mariotti C, Markou A, Maron T, Marti S, Martinez-Rivero C, Martinez-Vidal F, Matorras F, Matteuzzi C, Matthiae G, Mazzucato M, Cubbin MM, Kay RM, Nulty RM, Medbo J, Meroni C, Meyer WT, Michelotto M, Migliore E, Mikulec I, Mirabito L, Mitaroff WA, Mitselmakher GV, Mjoernmark U, Moa T, Moeller R, Moenig K, Monge MR, Morettini P, Mueller H, Murray WJ, Muryn B, Myatt G, Naraghi F, Navarria FL, Negri P, Nemecek S, Neumann R, Nicolaidou R, Nielsen BS, Niss P, Nomerotski A, Normand A, Obraztsov V, Olshevski AG, Orava R, Osterberg K, Ouraou A, Paganini P, Paganoni M, Pain R, Palka H, Papadopoulou TD, Pape L, Parodi F, Passeri A, Pegararo M, Pennanen J, Peralta L, Pernegger H, Pernicka M, Perrotta A, Petridou C, Petrolini A, Phillips HT, Piana G, Pierre F, Pimenta M, Plaszczynski S, Podobrin O, Pol ME, Polok G, Poropat P, Pozdniakov V, Prest M, Privitera P, Pullia A, Radojicic D, Ragazzi S, Rahmani H, Rames J, Ratoff PN, Read AL, Reale M, Rebecchi P, Redaelli NG, Regler M, Reid D, Renton PB, Resvanis LK, Richard F, Richardson J, Ridky J, Rinaudo G, Ripp I, Romero A, Roncagliolo I, Ronchese P, Roos L, Rosenberg EI, Rosso E, Roudeau P, Rovelli T, Ruckstuhl W, Ruhlmann-Kleider V, Ruiz A, Rybicki K, Saarikko H, Sacquin Y, Sajot G, Salt J, Sanchez J, Sannino M, Schael S, Schneider H, Schyns MAE, Sciolla G, Scuri F, Segar AM, Seitz A, Sekulin R, Seufert R, Shellard RC, Siccama I, Siegrist P, Simonetti S, Simonetto F, Sisakian AN, Skaali TB, Smadja G, Smirnov N, Smirnova O, Smith GR, Sosnowski R, Souza-Santos D, Spassov T, Spiriti E, Squarcia S, Staeck H, Stanescu C, Stapnes S, Stavitski I, Stavropoulos G, Stepaniak K, Stichelbaut F, Stocchi A, Strauss J, Straver J, Strub R, Stugu B, Szczekowski M, Szeptycka M, Tabarelli T, Tchikilev O, Theodosiou GE, Thome Z, Tilquin A, Timmermans J, Timofeev VG, Tkatchev LG, Todorov T, Toet DZ, Tomaradze A, Tome B, Torassa E, Tortora L, Transtromer G, Treille D, Trischuk W, Tristram G, Troncon C, Tsirou A, Tsyganov EN, Turala M, Turluer ML, Tuuva T, Tyapkin IA, Tyndel M, Tzamarias S, Ueberschaer B, Ueberschaer S, Ullaland O, Uvarov V, Valenti G, Vallazza E, Valls Ferrer JA, Velde C, Apeldoorn GW, Dam P, Heijden M, Doninck WK, Eldik J, Vaz P, Vegni G, Ventura L, Venus W, Verbeure F, Verlato M, Vertogradov LS, Vilanova D, Vincent P, Vitale L, Vlasov E, Vodopyanov AS, Vollmer M, Voutilainen M, Wahlen H, Walck C, Wehr A, Weierstall M, Weilhammer P, Wetherell AM, Wickens JH, Wielers M, Wilkinson GR, Williams WSC, Winter M, Witek M, Wormser G, Woschnagg K, Yip K, Yushchenko O, Zach F, Zaitsev A, Zalewska A, Zalewski P, Zavrtanik D, Zevgolatakos E, Zimin NI, Zito M, Zontar D, Zuberi R, Zumerle G. A study of radiative muon-pair events at Z0 energies and limits on an additional Z′ gauge beson. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01578669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abreu P, Adam W, Adye T, Agasi E, Ajinenko I, Aleksan R, Alekseev GD, Allport PP, Almehed S, Almeida FML, Alvsvaag SJ, Amaldi U, Andreazza A, Antilogus P, Apel WD, Apsimon RJ, Arnoud Y, Asman B, Augustin JE, Augustinus A, Baillon P, Bambade P, Barao F, Barate R, Barbiellini G, Bardin DY, Barker GJ, Baroncelli A, Barring O, Barrio JA, Bartl W, Bates MJ, Battaglia M, Baubillier M, Baudot J, Becks KH, Begalli M, Beilliere P, Belokopytov Y, Beltran P, Benvenuti AC, Berggren M, Bertrand D, Bianchi F, Bigi M, Bilenky MS, Billoir P, Bjarne J, Bloch D, Blocki J, Blyth S, Bocci V, Bogolubov PN, Bolognese T, Bonesini M, Bonivento W, Booth PSL, Borisov G, Bosio C, Bostjancic B, Bosworth S, Botner O, Bouquet B, Bourdarios C, Bowcock TJV, Bozzo M, Braibant S, Branchini P, Brand KD, Brenner RA, Briand H, Bricman C, Brillault L, Brown RCA, Bruckman P, Brunet JM, Bugge L, Buran T, Buys A, Buytaert JAMA, Caccia M, Calvi M, Camacho Rozas AJ, Campion R, Camporesi T, Canale V, Cankocak K, Cao F, Carena F, Carrilho P, Carroll L, Cases R, Caso C, Castillo Gimenez MV, Cattai A, Cavallo FR, Cerrito L, Chabaud V, Chan A, Charpentier P, Chaussard L, Chauveau J, Checchia P, Chelkov GA, Chliapnikov P, Chorowicz V, Chrin JTM, Cindro V, Collins P, Contreras JL, Contri R, Cortina E, Cosme G, Couchot F, Crawley HB, Crennell D, Crosetti G, Maestro JC, Czellar S, Dahl-Jensen E, Dahm J, Dalmagne B, Dam M, Damgaard G, Daubie E, Daum A, Dauncey PD, Davenport M, Davies J, Silva W, Defoix C, Delpierre P, Demaria N, Angelis A, Boeck H, Boer W, Brabandere S, Clercq C, Fez Laso MDM, Vaissiere C, Lotto B, Min A, Paula L, Saint-Jean C, Dijkstra H, Ciaccio L, Djama F, Dolbeau J, Donszelmann M, Doroba K, Dracos M, Drees J, Dris M, Dufour Y, Dupont F, Edsall D, Ehret R, Ekelof T, Ekspong G, Elsing M, Engel JP, Ershaidat N, Santo ME, Fassouliotis D, Feindt M, Fenyuk A, Ferrer A, Fillippas TA, Firestone A, Foeth H, Fokitis E, Fontanelli F, Formenti F, Fousset JL, Franek B, Frenkiel P, Fries DC, Frodesen AG, Fruhwirth R, Fulda-Quenzer F, Furstenau H, Fuster J, Gamba D, Gandelman M, Garcia C, Garcia J, Gaspar C, Gasparini U, Gavillet P, Gazis EN, Gele D, Gerber JP, Giacomelli P, Gillespie D, Gokieli R, Golob B, Golovatyuk VM, Gomez Y Cadenas JJ, Gopal G, Gorn L, Gorski M, Gracco V, Grard F, Graziani E, Grosdidier G, Gunnarsson P, Guy J, Haedinger U, Hahn F, Hahn M, Hahn S, Haider S, Hajduk Z, Hakansson A, Hallgren A, Hamacher K, Hao W, Harris FJ, Hedberg V, Henriques R, Hernandez JJ, Hernando JA, Herquet P, Herr H, Hessing TL, Higon E, Hilke HJ, Hill TS, Holmgren SO, Holt PJ, Holthuizen D, Honore PF, Houlden M, Hrubec J, Huet K, Hultqvist K, Ioannou P, Iversen PS, Jackson JN, Jacobsson R, Jalocha P, Jarlskog G, Jarry P, Jean-Marie B, Johansson EK, Jonker M, Jonsson L, Juillot P, Kaiser M, Kalmus G, Kapusta F, Karlsson M, Karvelas E, Katsanevas S, Katsoufis EC, Keranen R, Khomenko BA, Khovanski NN, King B, Kjaer NJ, Klein H, Klovning A, Kluit P, Koch-Mehrin A, Koehne JH, Koene B, Kokkinias P, Koratzinos M, Korytov AV, Kostioukhine V, Kourkoumelis C, Kouznetsov O, Kramer PH, Krammer M, Kreuter C, Krolikowski J, Kronkvist I, Krupinski W, Kucewicz W, Kulka K, Kurvinen K, Lacasta C, Laktineh I, Lambropoulos C, Lamsa JW, Lanceri L, Langefeld P, Lapin V, Last I, Laugier JP, Lauhakangas R, Leder G, Ledroit F, Leitner R, Lemoigne Y, Lemonne J, Lenzen G, Lepeltier V, Lesiak T, Levy JM, Lieb E, Liko D, Lindner R, Lipniacka A, Lippi I, Loerstad B, Lokajicek M, Loken JG, Lopez-Fernandez A, Lopez Aguera MA, Los M, Loukas D, Lozano JJ, Lutz P, Lyons L, Maehlum G, Maillard J, Maio A, Maltezos A, Marco J, Marechal B, Margoni M, Marin JC, Mariotti C, Markou A, Maron T, Marti S, Martinez-Rivero C, Martinez-Vidal F, Matorras F, Matteuzzi C, Matthiae G, Mazzucato M, Cubbin MM, Kay RM, Nulty RM, Medbo J, Meroni C, Meyer WT, Michelotto M, Migliore E, Mikulec I, Mirabito L, Mitaroff WA, Mitselmakher GV, Mjoernmark U, Moa T, Moeller R, Moenig K, Monge MR, Morettini P, Mueller H, Murray WJ, Muryn B, Myatt G, Naraghi F, Navarria FL, Negri P, Nemecek S, Neumann W, Neumeister N, Nicolaidou R, Nielsen BS, Nikolaenko V, Niss P, Nomerotski A, Normand A, Obraztsov V, Olshevski AG, Orava R, Osterberg K, Ouraou A, Paganini P, Paganoni M, Pain R, Palka H, Papadopoulou TD, Pape L, Parodi F, Passeri A, Pegoraro M, Pennanen J, Peralta L, Perevozchikov V, Pernegger H, Pernicka M, Perrotta A, Petridou C, Petrolini A, Phillips HT, Piana G, Pierre F, Pimenta M, Plaszczynski S, Podobrin O, Pol ME, Polok G, Poropat P, Pozdniakov V, Prest M, Privitera P, Pullia A, Radojicic D, Ragazzi S, Rahmani H, Rames J, Ratoff PN, Read AL, Reale M, Rebecchi P, Redaelli NG, Regler M, Reid D, Renton PB, Resvanis LK, Richard F, Richardson J, Ridky J, Rinaudo G, Ripp I, Romero A, Roncagliolo I, Ronchese P, Ronjin V, Roos L, Rosenberg EI, Rosso E, Roudeau P, Rovelli T, Ruckstuhl W, Ruhlmann-Kleider V, Ruiz A, Saarikko H, Sacquin Y, Sajot G, Salt J, Sanchez J, Sannino M, Schael S, Schneider H, Schyns MAE, Sciolla G, Scuri F, Segar AM, Seitz A, Sekulin R, Sessa M, Seufert R, Shellard RC, Siccama I, Siegrist P, Simonetti S, Simonetto F, Sisakian AN, Skaali TB, Smadja G, Smirnov N, Smirnova O, Smith GR, Sosnowski R, Douza-Santos D, Spassov T, Spiriti E, Squarcia S, Staeck H, Stanescu C, Stapnes S, Stavitski I, Stavropoulos G, Stepaniak K, Stichelbaut F, Stocchi A, Strauss J, Straver J, Strub R, Stugu B, Szczekowski M, Szeptycka M, Tabarelli T, Tchikilev O, Theodosiou GE, Thome Z, Tilquin A, Timmermans J, Timofeev VG, Tkatchev LG, Todorov T, Toet DZ, Tomaradze A, Tome B, torassa E, Tortora L, Transtromer G, Treille D, Tristram G, Troncon C, Tsirou A, Tsyganov EN, Turluer ML, Tuuva T, Tyapkin IA, Tyndel M, Tzamarias S, Ueberschaer B, Ueberschaer S, Ullaland O, Uvarov V, Valenti G, Vallazza E, Valls Ferrer JA, Velde C, Apeldoorn GW, Dam P, Heijden M, Doninck WK, Eldik J, Vaz P, Vegni G, Ventura L, Venus W, Verbeure F, Verlato M, Vertogradov LS, Vilanova D, Vincent P, Vitale L, Vlasov E, Vodopyanov AS, Vollmer M, Voutilainen M, Vrba V, Wahlen H, Walck C, Waldner F, Wehr A, Weierstall M, Weilhammer P, Wetherell AM, Wickens JH, Wielers M, Wilkinson GR, Williams WSC, Winter M, Witek M, Wormser G, Woschnagg K, Yip K, Yushchenko O, Zach F, Zaitsev A, Zalewska A, Zalewski P, Zavrtanik D, Zevgolatakos E, Zimin NI, Zito M, Zontar D, Zuberi R, Zumerle G. Measurement of the $$\Gamma _{b\bar b} /\Gamma _{had} $$ branching ratio of thez by double hemisphere tagging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01578666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Alvsvaag S, Maeland O, Klovning A, Benvenuti A, Giordano V, Guerzoni M, Navarria F, Verardi M, Camporesi T, Vallazza E, Bozzo M, Cereseto R, Barreira G, Espirito Santo M, Maio A, Onofre A, Peralta L, Pimenta M, Tome B, Carling H, Falk E, Hedberg V, Jarlskog G, Kronkvist I, Bonesini M, Chignoli F, Ferrari P, Gumenyuk S, Leoni R, Mazza R, Negri P, Paganoni M, Petrovykh L, Terranova F, Dharmasiri D, Nossum B, Read A, Skaali B, Castellani L, Pegoraro M, Fenyuk A, Gouz I, Ivaniouchenkov I, Karioukhine A, Obraztsov V, Vlasov E, Zaitsev A, Bigi M, Cassio V, Gamba D, Migliore E, Romero A, Simonetti L, Torassa E, Trapani P, Bari M, Della Ricca G, Lanceri L, Poropat P, Prest M. A silicon pad shower maximum detector for a shashlik calorimeter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5632(95)80012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Adam W, Adye T, Agasi E, Ajinenko I, Aleksan R, Alekseev GD, Allport PP, Almehed S, Alvsvaag SJ, Amaldi U, Amato S, Andreazza A, Andrieux ML, Antilogus P, Anykeyev V, Apel WD, Arnoud Y, Åsman B, Augustin JE, Augustinus A, Baillon P, Bambade P, Barao F, Barate R, Bardin DY, Barker GJ, Baroncelli A, Barring O, Barrio JA, Bartl W, Bates MJ, Battaglia M, Baubillier M, Baudot J, Becks KH, Begalli M, Beilliere P, Belokopytov Y, Benvenuti AC, Berggren M, Bertrand D, Bianchi F, Bigi M, Bilenky MS, Billoir P, Bloch D, Blume M, Blyth S, Bocci V, Bolognese T, Bonesini M, Bonivento W, Booth PSL, Borisov G, Bosio C, Bosworth S, Botner O, Bouquet B, Bourdarios C, Bowcock TJV, Bozzo M, Branchini P, Brand KD, Brenner RA, Bricman C, Brillault L, Brown RCA, Bruckman P, Brunet JM, Bugge L, Buran T, Buys A, Caccia M, Calvi M, Camacho Rozas AJ, Camporesi T, Canale V, Canepa M, Cankocak K, Cao F, Carena F, Carrilho P, Carroll L, Caso C, Castillo Gimenez MV, Cattai A, Cavallo FR, Cerrito L, Chabaud V, Charpentier P, Chaussard L, Chauveau J, Checchia P, Chelkov GA, Chierici R, Chliapnikov P, Chochula P, Chorowicz V, Cindro V, Collins P, Contreras JL, Contri R, Cortina E, Cosme G, Cossutti F, Crawley HB, Crennell D, Crosetti G, Cuevas Maestro J, Czellar S, Dahl-Jensen E, Dahm J, Dalmagne B, Dam M, Damgaard G, Daum A, Dauncey PD, Davenport M, Silva W, Defoix C, Della Ricca G, Delpierre P, Demaria N, Angelis A, Boeck H, Boer W, Brabandere S, Clercq C, Vaissiere C, Lotto B, Min A, Paula L, Saint-Jean C, Dijkstra H, Ciaccio L, Djama F, Dolbeau J, Donszelmann M, Doroba K, Dracos M, Drees J, Drees KA, Dris M, Dufour Y, Dupont F, Edsall D, Ehret R, Eigen G, Ekelof T, Ekspong G, Elsing M, Engel JP, Ershaidat N, Erzen B, Espirito Santo M, Falk E, Fassouliotis D, Feindt M, Ferrer A, Filippas TA, Firestone A, Fischer PA, Foeth H, Fokitis E, Fontanelli F, Formenti F, Franek B, Frenkiel P, Fries DC, Frodesen AG, Frhwirth R, Fulda-Quenzer F, Furstenau H, Fuster J, Galloni A, Gamba D, Gandelman M, Garcia C, Garcia J, Gaspar C, Gasparini U, Gavillet P, Gazis EN, Gele D, Gerber JP, Gibbs M, Gillespie D, Gokieli R, Golob B, Gopal G, Gorn L, Gorski M, Gouz Y, Gracco V, Graziani E, Grosdidier G, Gunnarsson P, Gunther M, Guy J, Haedinger U, Hahn E, Hahn M, Hahn S, Hajduk Z, Hallgren A, Hamacher K, Hao W, Harris FJ, Hedberg V, Henriques R, Hernandez JJ, Herquet P, Herr H, Hessing TL, Higon E, Hilke HJ, Hill TS, Holmgren SO, Holt PJ, Holthuizen D, Houlden M, Hrubec J, Huet K, Hultqvist K, Ioannou P, Jackson JN, Jacobsson R, Jalocha P, Janik R, Jarlskog G, Jarry P, Jean-Marie B, Johansson EK, Jonsson L, Jonsson P, Joram C, Juillot P, Kaiser M, Kalmus G, Kapusta F, Karlsson M, Karvelas E, Katsanevas S, Katsoufis EC, Keranen R, Khomenko BA, Khovanski NN, King B, Kjaer NJ, Klein H, Klovning A, Kluit P, Koehne JH, Koene B, Kokkinias P, Koratzinos M, Korcyl K, Kostioukhine V, Kourkoumelis C, Kouznetsov O, Kramer PH, Krammer M, Kreuter C, Krolikowski J, Kronkvist I, Krumstein Z, Krupinski W, Kubinec P, Kucewicz K, Kurvinen K, Lacasta C, Laktineh I, Lamblot S, Lamsa JW, Lanceri L, Lane DW, Langefeld P, Lapin V, Last I, Laugier JP, Lauhakangas R, Leder G, Ledroit F, Lefebure V, Legan CK, Leitner R, Lemoigne Y, Lemonne J, Lenzen G, Lepeltier V, Lesiak T, Liko D, Lindner R, Lipniacka A, Lippi I, Loerstad B, Lokajicek M, Loken JG, Lopez JM, Lopez-Fernandez A, Lopez Aguera MA, Loukas D, Lutz P, Lyons L, MacNaughton J, Maehlum G, Maio A, Malychev V, Mandl F, Marco J, Marechal B, Margoni M, Marin JC, Mariotti C, Markou A, Maron T, Martinez-Rivero C, Martinez-Vidal F, Marti i Garcia S, Matorras F, Matteuzzi C, Matthiae G, Mazzucato M, Cubbin MM, Kay RM, Nulty RM, Medbo J, Meroni C, Meyer WT, Michelotto M, Migliore E, Mirabito L, Mitaroff WA, Mjoernmark U, Moa T, Moeller R, Moenig K, Monge MR, Morettini P, Mueller H, Mundim LM, Murray WJ, Muryn G, Myatt G, Naraghi F, Navarria FL, Navas S, Negri P, Nemecek S, Neumann W, Neumeister N, Nicolaidou R, Nielsen BS, Nieuwenhuizen M, Nikolaenko V, Niss P, Nomerotski A, Normand A, Oberschulte-Beckmann W, Obraztsov V, Olshevski AG, Onofre A, Orava R, Osterberg K, Ouraou A, Paganini P, Paganoni M, Pages P, Palka H, Papadopoulou TD, Pape L, Parkes C, Parodi F, Passeri A, egoraro M, Peralta L, Pernegger H, Pernicka M, Perrotta A, Petridou C, Petrolini A, Phillips HT, Piana G, Pierre F, Pimenta M, Plaszczynski S, Podobrin O, Pol ME, Polok G, Poropat P, Pozdniakov V, Prest M, Privitera P, Pukhaeva N, Pullia A, Radojicic D, Ragazzi S, Rahmani H, Rames J, Ratoff PN, Read AL, Reale M, Rebecchi P, Redaelli NG, Regler M, Reid D, Renton PB, Resvanis LK, Richard F, Richardson J, Ridky J, Rinaudo G, Ripp I, Romero A, Roncagliolo I, Ronchese P, Roos L, Rosenberg EI, Rosso E, Roudeau P, Rovelli T, Ruckstuhl W, Ruhlmann-Kleider V, Ruiz A, Saarikko H, Sacquin Y, Sadovsky A, Sajot G, Salt J, Sanchez J, Sannino M, Schneider H, Schyns MAE, Sciolla G, Scuri F, Sedykh Y, Segar AM, Seitz A, Sekulin R, Shellard RC, Siccama I, Siegrist P, Simonetti S, Simonetto F, Sisakian AN, Sitar B, Skaali TB, Smadja G, Smirnov N, Smirnova O, Smith GR, Sosnowski R, Souza-Santos D, Spassov T, Spiriti E, Squarcia S, Staeck H, Stanescu C, Stapnes S, Stavitski I, Stepaniak K, Stichelbaut F, Stocchi A, Strub R, Stugu B, Szczekowski M, Szeptycka M, Tabarelli T, Tavernet JP, Tchikilev O, Tilquin A, Timmermans J, Tkatchev LG, Todorov T, Toet DZ, Tomaradze A, Tome B, Tortora L, Transtromer G, Treille D, Trischuk W, Tristram G, Trombini A, Troncon C, Tsirou A, Turluer ML, Tyapkin IA, Tyndel M, Tzamarias S, Ueberschaer B, Ueberschaer S, Ullaland O, Uvarov V, Valenti G, Vallazza E, Velde C, Apeldoorn GW, Dam P, Doninck WK, Eldik J, Vassilopoulos N, Vegni G, Ventura L, Venus W, Verbeure F, Verlato M, Vertogradov LS, Vilanova D, Vincent P, Vitale L, Vlasov E, Vodopyanov AS, Vrba V, Wahlen H, Walck C, Waldner F, Wehr A, Weierstall M, Weilhammer P, Wetherell AM, Wicke D, Wickens JH, Wielers M, Wilkinson GR, Williams WSC, Winter M, Witek M, Woschnagg K, Yip K, Yushchenko O, Zach F, Zacharatou C, Zaitsev A, Zalewska A, Zalewski P, Zavrtanik D, Zevgolatakos E, Zhigunov V, Zimin NI, Zito M, Zontar D, Zuberi R, Zucchelli GC, Zumerle G. Lifetime of charged and neutral B hadrons using event topology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01620712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abreu P, Adam W, Adye T, Agasi E, Ajinenko I, Aleksan R, Alekseev GD, Allport PP, Almehed S, Alvsvaag SJ, Amaldi U, Amato S, Andreazza A, Andrieux ML, Antilogus P, Apel WD, Arnoud Y, Åsman B, Augustin JE, Augustinus A, Baillon P, Bambade P, Barao F, Barate R, Barbiellini G, Bardin DY, Barker GJ, Baroncelli A, Barring O, Barrio JA, Bartl W, Bates MJ, Battaglia M, Baubillier M, Baudot J, Becks KH, Begalli M, Beilliere P, Belokopytov Y, Benvenuti AC, Berggren M, Bertrand D, Bianchi F, Bigi M, Bilenky MS, Billoir P, Bloch D, Blume M, Blyth S, Bocci V, Bolognese T, Bonesini M, Bonivento W, Booth PSL, Borisov G, Bosio C, Bosworth S, Botner O, Bouquet B, Bourdarios C, Bowcock TJV, Bozzo M, Branchini P, Brand KD, Brenner RA, Bricman C, Brillault L, Brown RCA, Bruckman P, Brunet JM, Bugge L, Buran T, Buys A, Caccia M, Calvi M, Camacho Rozas AJ, Camporesi T, Canale V, Canepa M, Cankocak K, Cao F, Carena F, Carrilho P, Carroll L, Caso C, Castillo Gimenez MV, Cattai A, Cavallo FR, Cerrito L, Chabaud V, Chapkin M, Charpentier P, Chaussard L, Chauveau J, Checchia P, Chelkov GA, Chierici R, Chliapnikov P, Chochula P, Chorowicz V, Cindro V, Collins P, Contreras JL, Contri R, Cortina E, Cosme G, Cossutti F, Crawley HB, Crennell D, Crosetti G, Cuevas Maestro J, Czellar S, Dahl-Jensen E, Dahm J, Dalmagne B, Dam M, Damgaard G, Daum A, Dauncey PD, Davenport M, Silva W, Defoix C, Della Ricca D, Delpierre P, Demaria N, Angelis A, Boeck H, Boer W, Brabandere S, Clercq C, Vaissiere C, Lotto B, Min A, Paula L, Saint-Jean C, Dijkstra H, Ciaccio L, Djama F, Dolbeau J, Donszelmann M, Doroba K, Dracos M, Drees J, Dris M, Dufour Y, Dupont F, Edsall D, Ehret R, Eigen G, Ekelof T, Ekspong G, Elsing M, Engel JP, Ershaidat N, Erzen B, Espirito Santo M, Falk E, Fassouliotis D, Feindt M, Fenyuk A, Ferrer A, Filippas TA, Firestone A, Foeth H, Fokitis E, Fontanelli F, Formenti F, Franek B, Frenkiel P, Fries DC, Frodesen AG, Fruhwirth R, Fulda-Quenzer F, Furstenau H, Fuster J, Galloni A, Gamba D, Gandelman M, Garcia C, Garcia J, Gaspar C, Gasparini U, Gavillet P, Gazis EN, Gele D, Gerber JP, Gibbs M, Gillespie D, Gokieli R, Golob B, Gopal G, Gorn L, Gorski M, Gracco V, Graziani E, Grosdidier G, Gunnarsson P, Gunther M, Guy J, Haedinger U, Hahn F, Hahn M, Hahn S, Hajduk Z, Hallgren A, Hamacher K, Hao W, Harris FJ, Hedberg V, Henriques R, Hernandez JJ, Herquet P, Herr H, Hessing TL, Higon E, Hilke HJ, Hill TS, Holmgren SO, Holt PJ, Holthuizen D, Houlden M, Hrubec J, Huet K, Hultqvist K, Ioannou P, Jackson JN, Jacobsson R, Jalocha P, Janik R, Jarlskog G, Jarry P, Jean-Marie B, Johansson EK, Jonsson L, Jonsson P, Joram C, Juillot P, Kaiser M, Kalmus G, Kapusta F, Karlsson M, Karvelas E, Katsanevas S, Katsoufis EC, Keranen R, Khomenko BA, Khovanski NN, King B, Kjaer NJ, Klein H, Klovning A, Kluit P, Koehne JH, Koene B, Kokkinias P, Koratzinos M, Kostioukhine V, Kourkoumelis C, Kouznetsov O, Kramer PH, Krammer M, Kreuter C, Krolikowski J, Kronkvist I, Krumstein Z, Krupinski W, Kubinec P, Kucewicz W, Kurvinen K, Lacasta C, Laktineh I, Lamblot S, Lamsa JW, Lanceri L, Lane DW, Langefeld P, Lapin V, Last I, Laugier JP, Lauhakangas R, Leder G, Ledroit F, Lefebure V, Legan CK, Leitner R, Lemoigne Y, Lemonne J, Lenzen G, Lepeltier V, Lesiak T, Liko D, Lindner R, Lipniacka A, Lippi I, Loerstad B, Lokajicek M, Loken JG, Lopez JM, Lopez-Fernandez A, Lopez Aguera MA, Loukas D, Lutz P, Lyons L, MacNaughton J, Maehlum G, Maio A, Malychev V, Mandl F, Marco J, Marechal B, Margoni M, Marin JC, Mariotti C, Markou A, Maron T, Martinez-Rivero C, Martinez-Vidal F, Marti i Garcia S, Matorras F, Matteuzzi C, Matthiae G, Mazzucato M, Mc Cubbin M, Mc Kay R, Mc Nulty R, Medbo J, Meroni C, Meyer WT, Michelotto M, Migliore E, Mirabito L, Mitaroff WA, Mjoernmark U, Moa T, Moeller R, Moenig K, Monge MR, Morettini P, Mueller H, Mundim LM, Murray WJ, Muryn B, Myatt G, Naraghi F, Navarria FL, Navas S, Negri P, Nemecek S, Neumann W, Neumeister N, Nicolaidou R, Nielsen BS, Nieuwenhuizen M, Nikolaenko V, Niss P, Nomerotski A, Normand A, Oberschulte-Beckmann W, Obraztsov V, Olshevski AG, Onofre A, Orava R, Ostankov A, Osterberg K, Ouraou A, Paganini P, Paganoni M, Pages P, Palka H, Papadopoulou TD, Pape L, Parkes C, Parodi F, Passeri A, Pegoraro M, Peralta L, Pernegger H, Pernicka M, Perrotta A, Petridou C, Petrolini A, Phillips HT, Piana G, Pierre F, Plaszczynski S, Podobrin O, Pol ME, Polok G, Poropat P, Pozdniakov V, Prest M, Privitera P, Pukhaeva N, Pullia A, Radojicic D, Ragazzi S, Rahmani H, Rames J, Ratoff PN, Read AL, Reale M, Rebecchi P, Redaelli NG, Reid D, Renton PB, Resvanis LK, Richard F, Richardson J, Ridky J, Rinaudo G, Ripp I, Romero A, Roncagliolo I, Ronchese P, Roos L, Rosenberg EI, Rosso E, Roudeau P, Rovelli T, Ruckstuhl W, Ruhlmann-Kleider V, Ruiz A, Rybicki K, Saarikko H, Sacquin Y, Sadovsky A, Sajot G, Salt J, Sanchez J, Sannino M, Schneider H, Schyns MAE, Sciolla G, Scuri F, Sedykh Y, Segar AM, Seitz A, Sekulin R, Shellard RC, Siccama I, Siegrist P, Simonetti S, Simonetto F, Sisakian AN, Sitar B, Skaali TB, Smadja G, Smirnov N, Smirnova O, Smith GR, Sosnowski R, Souza-Santos D, Spassov T, Spiriti E, Squarcia S, Staeck H, Stanescu C, Stapnes S, Stavitski I, Stepaniak K, Stichelbaut F, Stocchi A, Strauss J, Strub R, Stugu B, Szczekowski M, Szeptycka M, Tabarelli T, Tavernet JP, Tchikilev O, Tilquin A, Timmermans J, Tkatchev LG, Todorov T, Toet DZ, Tomaradze A, Tome B, Torassa E, Tortora L, Transtromer G, Treille D, Trischuk W, Tristram G, Trombini A, Troncon C, Tsirou A, Turluer ML, Tyapkin IA, Tyndel M, Tzamarias S, Ueberschaer B, Ueberschaer S, Ullaland O, Uvarov V, Valenti G, Vallazza E, Apeldoorn GW, Dam P, Doninck WK, Eldik J, Vassilopoulos N, Vegni G, Ventura L, Venus W, Verbeure F, Verlato M, Vertogradov LS, Vilanova D, Vincent P, Vitale L, Vlasov E, Vodopyanov AS, Vrba V, Wahlen H, Walck C, Wehr A, Weierstall M, Weilhammer P, Wetherell AM, Wicke D, Wickens JH, Wielers M, Wilkinson GR, Williams WSC, Winter M, Witek M, Wormser G, Woschnagg K, Yip K, Zach F, Zacharatou C, Zaitsev A, Zalewska A, Zalewski P, Zavrtanik D, Zevgolatakos E, Zimin NI, Zito M, Zontar D, Zuberi R, Zucchelli GC, Zumerle G. Lifetime and production rate of beauty baryons from Z decays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01620713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abreu P, Adam W, Adye T, Agasi E, Ajinenko I, Aleksan R, Alekseev GD, Allport PP, Almehed S, Almeida FML, Alvsvaag SJ, Amaldi U, Amato S, Andreazza A, Andrieux ML, Antilogus P, Apel WD, Arnoud Y, Åsman B, Augustin JE, Augustinus A, Baillon P, Bambade P, Barao F, Barate R, Barbiellini G, Bardin DY, Barker GJ, Baroncelli A, Barring O, Barrio JA, Bartl W, Bates MJ, Battaglia M, Baubillier M, Baudot J, Becks KH, Begalli M, Beilliere P, Beltran P, Benvenuti AC, Berggren M, Bertrand D, Bianchi F, Bigi M, Bilenky MS, Billoir P, Bjarne J, Bloch D, Blume M, Blyth S, Bocci V, Bolognese T, Bonesini M, Bonivento W, Booth PSL, Borisov G, Bosio C, Bostjancic B, Bosworth S, Botner O, Bouquet B, Bourdarios C, Bowcock TJV, Bozzo M, Branchini P, Brand KD, Brenner RA, Briand H, Bricman C, Brillault L, Brown RCA, Bruckman P, Brunet JM, Bugge L, Buran T, Buys A, Caccia M, Calvi M, Rozas AJC, Camporesi T, Canale V, Canepa M, Cankocak K, Cao F, Carena F, Carrilho P, Carroll L, Caso C, Cassio V, Gimenez MVC, Cattai A, Cavallo FR, Cerrito L, Chabaud V, Chan A, Charpentier P, Chaussard L, Chauveau J, Checchia P, Chelkov GA, Chliapnikov P, Chochula P, Chorowicz V, Chrin JTM, Cindro V, Collins P, Contreras JL, Contri R, Cortina E, Cosme G, Cossutti F, Crawley HB, Crennell D, Crosetti G, Maestro JC, Czellar S, Dahl-Jensen E, Dahm J, Dalmagne B, Dam M, Damgaard G, Daum A, Dauncey PD, Davenport M, Silya W, Defoix C, Ricca GD, Delpierre P, Demaria N, Angelis A, Boeck H, Boer W, Brabandere S, Clercq C, Fez Laso MDM, Vaissiere C, Lotto B, Min A, Paula L, Saint-Jean C, Dijkstra H, Ciaccio L, Djama F, Dolbeau J, Donszelmann M, Doroba K, Dracos M, Drees J, Drees KA, Dris M, Dufour Y, Dupont F, Edsall D, Ehret R, Ekelof T, Ekspong G, Elsing M, Engel JP, Ershaidat N, Santo ME, Falaleev V, Fassouliotis D, Feindt M, Fenyuk A, Ferrer A, Filippas TA, Firestone A, Foeth H, Fokitis E, Fontanelli F, Formenti F, Fousset JL, Franek B, Frenkiel P, Fries DC, Frodesen AG, Fruhwirth R, Fulda-Quenzer F, Furstenau H, Fuster J, Gamba D, Gandelman M, Garcia C, Garcia J, Gaspar C, Gasparini U, Gavillet P, Gazis EN, Gele D, Gerber JP, Gerdyukov L, Gillespie D, Gokieli R, Golob B, Gomez Y Cadenas JJ, Gopal G, Gorn L, Gorski M, Gracco V, Grard F, Graziani E, Grosdidier G, Gunnarsson P, Guy J, Haedinger U, Hahn F, Hahn M, Hahn S, Haider S, Hajduk Z, Hakansson A, Hallgren A, Hamacher K, Hao W, Harris FJ, Hedberg V, Henriques R, Hernandez JJ, Hernando JA, Herquet P, Herr H, Hessing TL, Higon E, Hilke HJ, Hill TS, Holmgren SO, Holt PJ, Holthuizen D, Honore PF, Houlden M, Hrubec J, Huet K, Hultqvist K, Ioannou P, Jackson JN, Jacobsson R, Jalocha P, Janik R, Jarlskog G, Jarry P, Jean-Marie B, Johansson EK, Jonsson L, Juillot P, Kaiser M, Kalmus G, Kapusta F, Karlsson M, Karvelas E, Katsanevas S, Katsoufis EC, Keranen R, Khomenko BA, Khovanski NN, King B, Kjaer NJ, Klein H, Klovning A, Kluit P, Koehne JH, Koene B, Kokkinias P, Koratzinos M, Kostioukhine V, Kourkoumelis C, Kouznetsov O, Kramer PH, Krammer M, Kreuter C, Krolikowski J, Kronkvist I, Krumstein Z, Krupinski W, Kubinec P, Kucewicz W, Kulka K, Kurvinen K, Lacasta C, Laktineh I, Lambropoulos C, Lamsa JW, Lanceri L, Lane DW, Langefeld P, Lapin V, Last I, Laugier JP, Lauhakangas R, Leder G, Ledroit F, Lefebure V, Legan CK, Leitner R, Lemoigne Y, Lemonne J, Lenzen G, Lepeltier V, Levy JM, Liko D, Lindner R, Lipniacka A, Lippi I, Loerstad B, Lokajicek M, Loken JG, Lopez-Fernandez A, Aguera MAL, Los M, Loukas D, Lozano JJ, Lutz P, Lyons L, Maehlum G, Maillard J, Maio A, Maltezos A, Malychev V, Mandl F, Marco J, Marechal B, Margoni M, Marin JC, Mariotti C, Markou A, Maron T, Martinez-Rivero C, Martinez-Vidal F, Garcia SM, Matorras F, Matteuzzi C, Matthiae G, Mazzucato M, Cubbin MM, Kay RM, Nulty RM, Medbo J, Meroni C, Meyer WT, Michelotto M, Migliore E, Mikulec I, Mirabito L, Mjoernmark U, Moa T, Moeller R, Moenig K, Monge MR, Morettini P, Mueller H, Murray WJ, Muryn B, Myatt G, Naraghi F, Navarria FL, Navas S, Negri P, Nemecek S, Neumann W, Neumeister N, Nicolaidou R, Nielsen BS, Nikolaenko V, Niss P, Nomerotski A, Normand A, Oberschulte-Beckmann W, Obraztsov V, Olshevski AG, Orava R, Osterberg K, Ouraou A, Paganini P, Paganoni M, Pages P, Pain R, Palka H, Papadopoulou TD, Pape L, Parodi F, Passeri A, Pegoraro M, Pennanen J, Peralta L, Perevozchikov V, Pernegger H, Pernicka M, Perrotta A, Petridou C, Petrolini A, Phillips HT, Piana G, Pierre F, Pimenta M, Plaszczynski S, Podobrin O, Pol ME, Polok G, Poropat P, Pozdniakov V, Prest M, Privitera P, Pullia A, Radojicic D, Ragazzi S, Rahmani H, Rames J, Ratoff PN, Read AL, Reale M, Rebecchi P, Redaelli NG, Regler M, Reid D, Renton PB, Resvanis LK, Richard F, Richardson J, Ridky J, Rinaudo G, Ripp I, Romero A, Roncagliolo I, Ronchese P, Roos L, Rosenberg EI, Rosso E, Roudeau P, Rovelli T, Ruckstuhl W, Ruhlmann-Kleider V, Ruiz A, Saarikko H, Sacquin Y, Sadovsky A, Sajot G, Salt J, Sanchez J, Sannino M, Schneider H, Schyns MAE, Sciolla G, Scuri F, Sedykh Y, Segar AM, Seitz A, Sekulin R, Shellard RC, Siccama I, Siegrist P, Simonetti S, Simonetto F, Sisakian AN, Sitar B, Skaali TB, Smadja G, Smirnova O, Smith GR, Sosnowski R, Souza-Santos D, Spassov T, Spiriti E, Squarcia S, Staeck H, Stanescu C, Stapnes S, Stavitski I, Stavropoulos G, Stepaniak K, Stichelbaut F, Stocchi A, Strauss J, Strub R, Stugu B, Szczekowski M, Szeptycka M, Tabarelli T, Tchikilev O, Theodosiou GE, Tilquin A, Timmermans J, Tkatchev LG, Todorov T, Toet DZ, Tomaradze A, Tome B, Torassa E, Tortora L, Transtromer G, Treille D, Trischuk W, Tristram G, Trombini A, Troncon C, Tsirou A, Turluer ML, Tuuva T, Tyapkin IA, Tyndel M, Tzamarias S, Ueberschaer B, Ueberschaer S, Ullaland O, Uvarov V, Valenti G, Vallazza E, Ferrer JAV, Velde C, Apeldoorn GW, Dam P, Doninck WK, Eldik J, Vegni G, Ventura L, Venus W, Verbeure F, Verlato M, Vertogradov LS, Vilanova D, Vincent P, Vitale L, Vlasov E, Vodopyanov AS, Voutilainen M, Vrba V, Wahlen H, Walck C, Waldner F, Wehr A, Weierstall M, Weilhammer P, Wetherell AM, Wicke D, Wickens JH, Wielers M, Wilkinson GR, Williams WSC, Winter M, Witek M, Wormser G, Woschnagg K, Yip K, Yushchenko O, Zach F, Zaitsev A, Zalewska A, Zalewski P, Zavrtanik D, Zevgolatakos E, Zimin NI, Zito M, Zontar D, Zuberi R, Zucchelli GC, Zumerle G. Search for heavy neutral Higgs bosons in two-doublet models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01564822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abreu P, Adam W, Adye T, Agasi E, Aleksan R, Alekseev GD, Allport P, Almehed S, Almeida Junior FML, Alvsvaag SJ, Amaldi U, Andreazza A, Antilogus P, Apel WD, Apsimon RJ, Arnoud Y, Åsman B, Augustin JE, Augustinus A, Baillon P, Bambade P, Barao F, Barate R, Barbiellini G, Bardin DY, Barker GJ, Baroncelli A, Barring O, Barrio JA, Bartl W, Bates MJ, Battaglia M, Baubillier M, Becks KH, Begalli M, Beilliere P, Belokopytov Y, Beltran P, Benvenuti AC, Berggren M, Bertrand D, Bianchi F, Bigi M, Bilenky MS, Billoir P, Bjarne J, Bloch D, Blocki J, Blyth S, Bocci V, Bogolubov PN, Bolognese T, Bonesini M, Bonivento W, Booth PSL, Borisov G, Bosio C, Bostjancic B, Bosworth S, Botner O, Bouquet B, Bourdarios C, Bowcock TJV, Bozzo M, Braibant S, Branchini P, Brand KD, Brenner RA, Briand H, Bricman C, Brillault L, Brown RCA, Brunet JM, Bugge L, Buran T, Buys A, Buytaert JAMA, Caccia M, Calvi M, Rozas AJC, Campion R, Camporesi T, Canale V, Cabkocak K, Cao F, Carena F, Carrilho P, Carroll L, Cases R, Caso C, Castillo Gimenez MV, Cattai A, Cavallo FR, Cerrito L, Chabaud V, Chan A, Charpentier P, Chauveau J, Checchia P, Chelkov GA, Chevalier L, Chliapnikov P, Chorowicz V, Chrin JTM, Cindro V, Collins P, Contreras JL, Contri R, Cortina E, Cosme G, Couchot F, Crawley HB, Crennell D, Crosetti G, Crosetti G, Maestro JC, Czellar S, Dahl-Jensen E, Dahm J, Dalmagne B, Dam M, Damgaard G, Daubie E, Daum A, Dauncey PD, Davenport M, Davies J, Silva W, Defoix C, Delpierre P, Demaria N, Angelis A, Boeck H, Boer W, Brabandere S, Clercq C, Fez Laso MDM, Vaissiere C, Lotto D, Min A, Paula L, Dijkstra H, Ciaccio L, Djama F, Dolbeau J, Donszelmann M, Doroba K, Dracos M, Drees J, Dris M, Dufour Y, Dupont F, Edsall D, Eek LO, Ehret R, Ekelof T, Ekspong G, Peisert AE, Elsing M, Engel JP, Ershaidat N, Santo ME, Falaleev V, Fassouliotis D, Feindt M, Fenyuk A, Ferrer A, Filipas TA, Firestone A, Foeth H, Fokitis E, Fontanelli F, Forbes KAJ, Formenti F, Fousset JL, Francon S, Franek B, Frenkiel P, Fries DC, Frodesen AG, Fruhwirth R, Fulda-Quenzer F, Fustenau H, Fuster J, Gamba D, Gandelman M, Garcia C, Garcia J, Gaspar C, Gasparini U, Gavillet P, Gazis EN, Gerber JP, Giacomelli P, Gillespie D, Gokieli R, Golob B, Golovatyuk VM, Cadenas JJGY, Gopal G, Gorn L, Gorski M, Gracco V, Grard F, Graziani E, Grosdidier G, Grossetete B, Gunnarsson P, Guy J, Haedinger U, Hahn F, Hahn M, Hahn S, Haider S, Hajduk Z, Hakansson A, Hallgren A, Hamacher K, Hamel De Monchenault G, Hao W, Harris FJ, Hedberg V, Henriques R, Hernandez JJ, Hernando JA, Herquet P, Herr H, Hessing TL, Higgins CO, Higon E, Hilke HJ, Hill TS, Hodgson SD, Holmogren SO, Holt PJ, Holthuizen D, Honore PF, Houlden M, Hrubec J, Huet K, Hultqvist K, Ioannou P, Iversen PS, Jackson JN, Jacobsson R, Jalocha P, Jarlskog G, Jarry P, Jean-Marie B, Johansson EK, Jonker M, Jonsson L, Juillot P, Kaiser M, Kalmus G, Kapusta F, Karlsson M, Karvelas E, Katsanevas S, Katsoufis EC, Keranen R, Khomenko BA, Khovanski NN, King B, Kjaer NJ, Klein H, Klovning A, Kluit P, Koch-Mehrin A, Koehne JH, Koene B, Kokkionias P, Koratzinos M, Korcyl K, Korytov AV, Kostioukhine V, Kourkoumelis C, Kouznetsov O, Kramer PH, Krammer M, Kreuter C, Krolikowski J, Kronkvist I, Krupinski W, Kulka K, Kurvinen K, Lacasta C, Lambropoulos C, Lamsa JW, Lanceri L, Langefeld P, Lapin V, Last I, Laugier JP, Lauhakangas R, Leder G, Ledroit F, Leitner R, Lemoigne Y, Lemonne J, Lenzen G, Lepeltier V, Lesiak T, Levy JM, Lieb E, Liko D, Linder R, Lipnicka A, Lippi I, Loerstad B, Lokajicek M, Loken JG, Lopez-Feernandez A, Lopez Aguera MA, Los M, Loukas D, Lozano JJ, Lutz P, Lyons L, Maehlum G, Maillard J, Maio A, Maltezos A, Mandl F, Marco J, Marechal B, Margoni M, Marin JC, Mariotti C, Markou A, Maron T, Marti S, Martinez-Rivero C, Martinez-Vidal F, Matorras F, Mattekuzzi C, Mathiae G, Mazzucato M, Cubbin MM, Kay RM, Nulty RM, Medbo J, Meroni C, Meyer WT, Michelotto M, Migliore E, Mikulec I, Mirabito L, Mitaroff WA, Mitselmakher GV, Mjoernmark U, Moa T, Moeller R, Moenig K, Monge MR, Morettini P, Mueller H, Murray WJ, Muryn B, Myatt G, Naraghi F, Navarria FL, Negri P, Nemecek S, Neumann W, Neumeister N, Nicolaidou R, Nielsen BS, Nikolaenko V, Nilsen PES, Niss P, Nomerotski A, Novak M, Obraztsov V, Olshevski AG, Orava R, Ostankov A, Osterberg K, Ouraou A, Paganini P, Paganoni M, Pain R, Palka H, Papadopouliou TD, Page L, Parodi F, Parodi A, Pegoraro M, Pennanen J, Peralta L, Perevozchikov V, Pernegger H, Perrotta A, Petridou C, Petrolini A, Piana G, Pierre F, Pimenta M, Plaszczynski S, Podobrin O, Pol ME, Polok G, Poropat P, Pozdniakov V, Prest M, Privitera P, Pullia A, Radojicic D, Ragazzi S, Rahmani H, Ratoff PN, Read AL, Reale M, Rebechi P, Redaelli NG, Regler M, Renton PB, Resvanis LK, Richard F, Richardson J, Ridky J, Rinaudo G, Rinaudo A, Romero A, Roncagliolo I, Ronchese P, Rosenberg EI, Rosso E, Roudeau P, Rovelli T, Ruckstuhl W, Ruhklmann-Keleider V, Ruizt A, Rybicki K, Saarikko H, Sacquin Y, Sajot G, Salt J, Sanchez J, Sannino M, Schael S, Schneider H, Schyns MAE, Sciolla G, Scuri F, Segar AM, Seitz A, Sekulin R, Seufert R, Shellard RC, Siccama I, Siegrist P, Sciolla G, Simonetto F, Sisakian AN, Skjevling G, Smadja G, Smirnova O, Smith GR, Sonsnowski R, Souza-Santos D, Spassov T, Spassov E, Spiriti E, Squarcia S, Staeck H, Stanescu C, Stanescu C, Stapnes S, Stavropoulos G, Stepaniak K, Stichelbaut F, Strauss J, Straver J, Stugu R, Szczekowski M, Szeptycka M, Szymanski P, Tabarelli T, Tchikilev O, Theodosiou GE, thome Z, Tilquin A, Timmermans J, Timofeev VG, Tkatchev LG, Todorov T, Toet DZ, Tomaradze A, Torassa E, Tortora L, Treille D, Trischuk W, Tristram G, Troncon C, Tsirou A, Tsyganov EN, Turala M, Turluer ML, Tuuva T, Tyapkin IA, Tyndel M, Tzamarias S, Ueberschaer B, Ueberschaer S, Ulland O, Uvarov V, Vallazza G, Ferrer JA, Velde C, Apeldoorn GW, Dam P, Hejiden M, Doninck WK, Eldik J, Vaz P, Vengi G, Ventura L, Venus W, Verbeure F, Verlato M, Vertogradov LS, Vilanova D, Vincent P, Vitale L, Vlasov E, Vodopyanov AS, Vollmer M, Voutilainen M, Wahlen H, Walck C, Waldner F, Wehr A, Weierstall M, Weilhmmer P, Wetherell AM, Wickens JH, Wielers M, Wilkinson GR, Williams WSC, Winter M, Witek M, Wormser G, Woschnagg K, Zaitsev A, Zalewska A, Zalewski P, Zavrtanik D, Zevgolatakos E, Zimin NI, Zito M, Zontar D, Zuberi R, Zumerle G. A precision measurement of the average lifetime ofB hadrons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01577539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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