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Chhetri P, Ackermann D, Backe H, Block M, Cheal B, Droese C, Düllmann CE, Even J, Ferrer R, Giacoppo F, Götz S, Heßberger FP, Huyse M, Kaleja O, Khuyagbaatar J, Kunz P, Laatiaoui M, Lautenschläger F, Lauth W, Lecesne N, Lens L, Minaya Ramirez E, Mistry AK, Raeder S, Van Duppen P, Walther T, Yakushev A, Zhang Z. Precision Measurement of the First Ionization Potential of Nobelium. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:263003. [PMID: 30004781 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.263003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important atomic properties governing an element's chemical behavior is the energy required to remove its least-bound electron, referred to as the first ionization potential. For the heaviest elements, this fundamental quantity is strongly influenced by relativistic effects which lead to unique chemical properties. Laser spectroscopy on an atom-at-a-time scale was developed and applied to probe the optical spectrum of neutral nobelium near the ionization threshold. The first ionization potential of nobelium is determined here with a very high precision from the convergence of measured Rydberg series to be 6.626 21±0.000 05 eV. This work provides a stringent benchmark for state-of-the-art many-body atomic modeling that considers relativistic and quantum electrodynamic effects and paves the way for high-precision measurements of atomic properties of elements only available from heavy-ion accelerator facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chhetri
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 7, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Ackermann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP 55027-14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - H Backe
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher Weg 45, D 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Block
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Fritz-Strassmann Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Cheal
- Department of Physics, Oxford Street, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - C Droese
- Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 6, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Fritz-Strassmann Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Even
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands
| | - R Ferrer
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Giacoppo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Fritz-Strassmann Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - F P Heßberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Huyse
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - O Kaleja
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Khuyagbaatar
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Kunz
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M Laatiaoui
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Lautenschläger
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 7, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - W Lauth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher Weg 45, D 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Lecesne
- Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP 55027-14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - L Lens
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Fritz-Strassmann Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - E Minaya Ramirez
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire Orsay, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - A K Mistry
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Raeder
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Van Duppen
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Th Walther
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 7, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Z Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, 730000 Lanzhou, China
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2
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Raeder S, Ackermann D, Backe H, Beerwerth R, Berengut JC, Block M, Borschevsky A, Cheal B, Chhetri P, Düllmann CE, Dzuba VA, Eliav E, Even J, Ferrer R, Flambaum VV, Fritzsche S, Giacoppo F, Götz S, Heßberger FP, Huyse M, Kaldor U, Kaleja O, Khuyagbaatar J, Kunz P, Laatiaoui M, Lautenschläger F, Lauth W, Mistry AK, Minaya Ramirez E, Nazarewicz W, Porsev SG, Safronova MS, Safronova UI, Schuetrumpf B, Van Duppen P, Walther T, Wraith C, Yakushev A. Probing Sizes and Shapes of Nobelium Isotopes by Laser Spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:232503. [PMID: 29932712 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.232503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, ground-state nuclear moments of the heaviest nuclei could only be inferred from nuclear spectroscopy, where model assumptions are required. Laser spectroscopy in combination with modern atomic structure calculations is now able to probe these moments directly, in a comprehensive and nuclear-model-independent way. Here we report on unique access to the differential mean-square charge radii of ^{252,253,254}No, and therefore to changes in nuclear size and shape. State-of-the-art nuclear density functional calculations describe well the changes in nuclear charge radii in the region of the heavy actinides, indicating an appreciable central depression in the deformed proton density distribution in ^{252,254}No isotopes. Finally, the hyperfine splitting of ^{253}No was evaluated, enabling a complementary measure of its (quadrupole) deformation, as well as an insight into the neutron single-particle wave function via the nuclear spin and magnetic moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Raeder
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Ackermann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- GANIL, CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, BP 55027, F-14076 Caen, France
| | - H Backe
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Beerwerth
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - J C Berengut
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - M Block
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Borschevsky
- Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Cheal
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - P Chhetri
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - V A Dzuba
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - E Eliav
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J Even
- KVI-CART, University of Groningen, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Ferrer
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - V V Flambaum
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - S Fritzsche
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - F Giacoppo
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Götz
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - F P Heßberger
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Huyse
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - U Kaldor
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Kaleja
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Khuyagbaatar
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Kunz
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M Laatiaoui
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Lautenschläger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - W Lauth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A K Mistry
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - W Nazarewicz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and FRIB Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S G Porsev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Gatchina, Leningrad District 188300, Russia
| | - M S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - U I Safronova
- Physics Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - B Schuetrumpf
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Van Duppen
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Walther
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Wraith
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - A Yakushev
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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Lietti D, Backe H, Bagli E, Bandiera L, Berra A, Carturan S, De Salvador D, Germogli G, Guidi V, Lauth W, Mazzolari A, Prest M, Vallazza E. The experimental setup of the Interaction in Crystals for Emission of RADiation collaboration at Mainzer Mikrotron: Design, commissioning, and tests. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:045102. [PMID: 25933892 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silicon/germanium flat/bent crystals are thin devices able to efficiently deflect charged particle GeV-energy beams up to a few hundreds of μrad; moreover, high intensity photons can be efficiently produced in the so-called Multi-Volume Reflection (MVR) and Multiple Volume Reflections in One Crystal (MVROC) conditions. In the last years, the research interest in this field has moved to the dynamic studies of light negative leptons in the low energy range: the possibility to deflect negative particles and to produce high intensity γ sources via the coherent interactions with crystals in the sub-GeV energy range has been proved by the ICE-RAD (Interaction in Crystals for Emission of RADiation) Collaboration at the MAinzer MIkrotron (MAMI, Germany). This paper describes the setup used by the ICE-RAD experiment for the crystals characterization (both in terms of deflection and radiation emission properties): a high precision goniometer is used to align the crystals with the incoming beam, while a silicon based profilometer and an inorganic scintillator reconstruct, respectively, the particle position and the photon spectra after the samples. The crystals manufacturing process and their characterization, the silicon profilometer commissioning at the CERN PS T9 beamline, and the commissioning of the whole setup installed at MAMI are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lietti
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - H Backe
- Institut für Kernphysik der Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - E Bagli
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Bandiera
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Berra
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - S Carturan
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D De Salvador
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Germogli
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Guidi
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - W Lauth
- Institut für Kernphysik der Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Mazzolari
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Prest
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - E Vallazza
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Mazzolari A, Bagli E, Bandiera L, Guidi V, Backe H, Lauth W, Tikhomirov V, Berra A, Lietti D, Prest M, Vallazza E, De Salvador D. Steering of a sub-GeV electron beam through planar channeling enhanced by rechanneling. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:135503. [PMID: 24745437 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.135503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of efficient steering of a 855 MeV electron beam at MAMI (MAinzer MIkrotron) facilities by means of planar channeling and volume reflection in a bent silicon crystal. A 30.5 μm thick plate of (211) oriented Si was bent to cause quasimosaic deformation of the (111) crystallographic planes, which were used for coherent interaction with the electron beam. The experimental results are analogous to those recorded some years ago at energy higher than 100 GeV, which is the only comparable study to date. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that rechanneling plays a considerable role in a particle's dynamics and hinders the spoiling of channeled particles. These results allow a better understanding of the dynamics of electrons subject to coherent interactions in a bent silicon crystal in the sub-GeV energy range, which is relevant for realization of innovative x-ray sources based on channeling in periodically bent crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mazzolari
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Bagli
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Bandiera
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Guidi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - H Backe
- Institut für Kernphysik der Universität Mainz, Fachbereich Physik, Mathematik und Informatik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Lauth
- Institut für Kernphysik der Universität Mainz, Fachbereich Physik, Mathematik und Informatik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Tikhomirov
- Research Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya street, 11, Minsk 220030, Belarus
| | - A Berra
- Università dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy and INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Lietti
- Università dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy and INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Prest
- Università dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy and INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Vallazza
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D De Salvador
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Mkrtchyan AR, Mkrtchyan AH, Aslanyan HA, Taroyan SP, Nalbandyan VV, Mirzoyan MM, Sargsyan AN, Backe H, Lauth W, Kube G, Wagner W. New method of solid state structural and composition analysis. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305081663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Sewtz M, Backe H, Dretzke A, Kube G, Lauth W, Schwamb P, Eberhardt K, Grüning C, Thörle P, Trautmann N, Kunz P, Lassen J, Passler G, Dong CZ, Fritzsche S, Haire RG. First observation of atomic levels for the element fermium (Z=100). Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:163002. [PMID: 12731975 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.163002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2002] [Revised: 03/06/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The atomic level structure of the element fermium was investigated for the first time using a sample of 2.7x10(10) atoms of the isotope 255Fm with a half-life of 20.1 h. The atoms were evaporated from a filament and stored in the argon buffer gas of an optical cell. Atomic levels were sought by the method of resonance ionization spectroscopy using an excimer-dye-laser combination. Two atomic levels were found at wave numbers (25 099.8+/-0.2) and (25 111.8+/-0.2) cm(-1). Partial transition rates to the 5f(12)7s(2) (3)H(e)(6) ground state have been determined from their saturation characteristics. Multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations suggest that the leading orders of these levels could be the 5f(12)7s7p (5)I(o)(6) and 5f(12)7s7p (5)G(o)(5) terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sewtz
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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Kube G, Backe H, Euteneuer H, Grendel A, Hagenbuck F, Hartmann H, Kaiser KH, Lauth W, Schöpe H, Wagner G, Walcher T, Kretzschmar M. Observation of optical Smith-Purcell radiation at an electron beam energy of 855 MeV. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 65:056501. [PMID: 12059719 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.056501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Smith-Purcell radiation, generated when a beam of charged particles passes close to the surface of a diffraction grating, has been studied in the visible spectral range at wavelengths of 360 and 546 nm with the low emittance 855 MeV electron beam of the Mainz Microtron MAMI. The beam focused to a spot size of 4 microm (full width at half maximum) passed over optical diffraction gratings of echelle profiles with blaze angles of 0.8 degrees, 17.27 degrees, and 41.12 degrees and grating periods of 0.833 and 9.09 microm. Taking advantage of the specific emission characteristics of Smith-Purcell radiation a clear separation from background components, such as diffracted synchrotron radiation from upstream beam optical elements and transition radiation, was possible. The intensity scales with a modified Bessel function of the first kind as a function of the distance between electron beam and grating surface. Experimental radiation factors have been determined and compared with calculations on the basis of Van den Berg's theory [P.M. Van den Berg, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 63, 689 (1973)]. Fair agreement has been found for gratings with large blaze angles while the measurement with the shallow grating (blaze angle 0.8 degrees ) is at variance with this theory. Finally, the optimal operational parameters of a Smith-Purcell radiation source in view of already existing powerful undulator sources are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kube
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
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Backe H, Gampert S, Grendel A, Hartmann HJ, Lauth W, Weinheimer C, Zahn R, Buskirk FR, Euteneuer H, Kaiser KH, Stephan G, Walcher T. Resonant transition radiation in the X-ray region from a low emittance 855 MeV electron beam. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01296337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lauth W, Backe H, Dahlinger M, Klaft I, Schwamb P, Schwickert G, Trautmann N, Othmer U. Resonance ionization spectroscopy in a buffer gas cell with radioactive decay detection, demonstrated using 208Tl. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 68:1675-1678. [PMID: 10045192 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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10
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|