Organoruthenium metallocycle induced mutation in gld-1 tumor suppression gene in JK1466 strain and appreciable lifespan expansion

Four Ru(II) complexes (A2-A5) were synthesized from the reaction of coumarin Schiff base ligands (7da2-tsc, 7da3-mtsc, 7da4-etsc and 7da5-ptsc) with [RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3]. The compounds were characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H, 13C and 31P NMR, mass spectrometry and crystallographic analysis. Calf Thymus DNA (CT-DNA) binding studies revealed the intercalative mode of binding of the complexes with DNA. The results of Bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding studies established the interaction between BSA followed static quenching mechanism. The cytotoxic effects of the complexes and the ligands were evaluated against breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and lung carcinoma cell lines (A549 and NCI-H460) using MTT assay. Complex A4 demonstrated potent cytotoxic effects on both breast and lung cancer cells. Furthermore, morphological observations and FACS analysis showed the decrease in cell density by complex A4 by induced morphological changes and apoptotic body formation and cell death in both breast and lung cancer cells. Moreover, the invertebrate model Caenorhabditis elegans was employed to assess the in vivo anticancer activity of compound A4. The findings indicated that the treatment with A4 reduced tumor development and significantly extended organismal lifespan by 64 % in the tumoral strain JK1466 without adversely affecting essential physiological functions of the worm. Additionally, A4 demonstrated an upregulation of two crucial antioxidant defense genes. Overall, these results suggested that the compound A4 can be a potential candidate with novel chemotherapeutic applications.

Effect of ruthenium(II) complexes on MDA-MB-231 cells and lifespan/tumor growth in gld-1mutant, Daf-16 TF and stress productive genes: A perspective study

Pincer type coumarin based N-substituted semicarbazone ligands HL1-4 and their corresponding ruthenium(II) complexes (1-4) were synthesized, analyzed and confirmed by various spectro analytical techniques. The molecular structure of the ligand HL3 and complex 3 was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The stoichiometry of complexes 1, 2 and 4 was confirmed by high resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS). The binding affinity of the compounds with CT-DNA (Calf Thymus DNA) and BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) was established by absorption and emission titration methods. The results of In vitro cytotoxicity showed the significant cytotoxic potential of the complexes against MDA-MB-231 cells (TNBC- Triple-negative breast cancer). Among the complexes, 1 and 4 have shown appreciable results. Further, antimigratory activity against the MDA-MB-231 cells was studied for the complexes 1 and 4. The percentage cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and necrosis were explored by flow cytometry. The in vivo anti-tumor activity of the complexes 1 and 4 using C. elegans as model organism was established by using the tumoral C. elegans strain JK1466 (gld-1(q485)), which bears a mutation in the gld-1 tumor suppressor gene. We have determined the effect of our complexes on tumor gonad reduction and found to be non toxic to the JK1466 worms and they have prolonged their mean lifespan with potential antioxidant ability by overcoming stress responses. Overall, our study reported herein demonstrated that the complexes 1 and 4 could be established as potential metallo-drugs substantiating further exploration.

Role of Frozen Sections in Diagnosing Female Genital Tract Lesions: A Tertiary Centre Study in Chennai, India

Introduction: Female Genital Tract (FGT) malignancies are common with ovarian cancers having high incidence and mortality. The asymptomatic character, difficult location and lack of effective screening methods make Intraoperative Frozen Section (IFS) an effective diagnostic test to guide the surgical decisions. Aim: To assess the performance of IFS, describe the associated demographic, clinicopathological factors and identify the errors leading to discordance when compared with Permanent Section (PS). Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of all the consecutive IFS consultations related to FGT lesions received in the Pathology Department between January 2013 to June 2022 was conducted between July 2022 to September 2022 at ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Cases with IFS deferred until PS section were excluded. The FS and PS reports, demographic, clinicopathological data, Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI), imaging and biochemical records were retrieved. In-depth descriptive analysis of clinicopathological parameters as frequency and percentage, frequency distribution of PS diagnosis, concordant and discordant categorisation, reasons for the discordance were described and the diagnostic accuracy of Frozen Section (FS) tool was calculated. Mean, Frequency (n) and percentage (%) analysis was done for the complete collected data. Results: Out of the total 35 FGT related IFS consultations received, 32 (91.43%) was for Ovarian Tumours (OT), which included 26 surface epithelial tumours, three sex cord stromal tumours, two germ cell tumours, one Krukenberg tumour. Two cases were deferred due to extensive haemorrhage and infarction. Confirmation of the diagnosis was the most common indication. The mean size of the OT (n=32) was 13 cm and ranged from 2 to 31 cm. RMI was low (<25) in 14 (44%, n=32), intermediate (25-250) in 10 (31%, n=32) and high (>250) in 8 (25%, n=32) of OT. The diagnostic accuracy of FS of all the FGT cases (n=35) was 85.71% (n=35 FGT cases) with an error rate of 14.29% was observed. Five OT cases had discordant FS diagnosis, 3 cases due to sampling error and mis-interpretation error in the remaining 2 cases. Artefacts like poor morphology due to tissue freezing, nucleomegaly, poor sectioning and section folding were observed in the discordant cases. Conclusions: Correct use of IFS along with careful preoperative work-up will help the surgeon intraoperatively. A good rapport among clinicians, pathologists and laboratory personnel will aid to improve the diagnostic accuracy. Periodic assessment of IFS tool is necessary as a quality check.

Seasonal variation, polymer hazard risk and controlling factors of microplastics in beach sediments along the southeast coast of India

Microplastics (MPs) and its associated organic and inorganic contaminants are one among the significant health hazards to almost all biota, including human. We investigated the polymer hazard risk and its adsorbed contaminants in MPs at six prominent beaches of Chennai on the southeast coast of India. The spatial variation of MPs during the northeast (NE) monsoon (range: 76-720 items/kg, mean: 247.4 items/kg) was higher than that during southwest (SW) monsoon (range: 84-498 items/kg, mean: 302.7 items/kg). In both the seasons, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) were the dominant polymers and fibre was the predominant shape of MPs, likely to be derived from fishing, textile and urban activities in this region. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images exhibited various surface weathering features including grooves, cracks, fractures, adhering particles, pits, vermiculate textures and fibre reinforcements. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) results showed that MPs have adsorbed major (Si, Al, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe and Ti) and trace (Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) metals. Though pollution load index (PLI) presented low degree of MP contamination in the beach sediments, hazardous polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA) and polystyrene (PS) contributed to high polymer hazard index (PHI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI), posing very high risk to the biota. The trajectories obtained from particle-tracking coupled with hydrodynamic simulation clearly showed that 20% of MPs settled along the coast and the remaining moved towards north, alongshore and offshore (∼50 km) within 30 days, and in NE monsoon due to current reversal, the floating debris and MPs have drifted towards south, ∼40 km in 30 days, indicating the role of circulation in the fate and transport pathways of plastic debris.

Assessment of potential ecological risk of microplastics in the coastal sediments of India: A meta-analysis

Abundance, chemical composition and ecological risk of microplastics (MPs) in terrestrial and marine environments have merited substantial attention from the research communities. This is the first attempt to comprehend the ecological risk of MPs in sediments along the Indian coast using meta-data. Polymer hazard index (PHI), pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI) were used to evaluate the quality of sediments. Areas have high PHI values (>1000) due to the presence of polymers with high hazard scores such as polyamide (PA) and polystyrene (PS). According to PLI values, sediments along the west coast of India (WCI) are moderately contaminated with MPs (PLI: 3.03 to 15.5), whereas sediments along the east coast of India (ECI) are less contaminated (PLI: 1 to 6.14). The PERI values of sediments along the Indian coast showed higher ecological risk for the metropolitan cities, river mouths, potential fishing zones and the remote islands.

Turn-on fluorescence sensing of hydrazine using MnO2 nanotube-decorated g-C3N4 nanosheets

The cost and time efficient preparation strategy is developed for the preparation of g-C₃N₄ nanosheets using urea and the challenges of g-C₃N₄ toward hydrazine sensing are addressed via the modification of g-C₃N₄ nanosheets with MnO₂ nanotubes.

Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Using Azadirachta indica Extract and Its Catalytic Activity Toward Nitrophenol Reduction

A simple, hasty and eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of iron nanoparticles has been developed using the medicinally important Azadirachta indica extract, which act as both reducing and stabilizing agent. The formation and morphological properties of iron nanoparticles as a function of metallic precursor and Azadirachta indica extract concentration have been investigated. The influence of solvent over the size and texture of iron nanoparticles has also been evaluated in detail. The thermal behavior of prepared nanoparticles was identified from thermogravimetric analysis. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of prepared iron nanoparticles toward the reduction of p-nitrophenol was analyzed and the reduction process was occurred within 30 sec. The cost and time efficient biosynthesis process and excellent catalytic activity of the prepared iron nanoparticles construct this protocol attractive.

Ni–Co alloy nanostructures anchored on mesoporous silica nanoparticles for non-enzymatic glucose sensor applications

Uniform sized Ni–Co alloy nanoparticles were effectively confined over the active channels of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) using a simple chemical reduction method, and the resultant nanostructures exhibited a spherical configuration with a mean diameter of 5 nm.

Nutritional, sensory and physical analysis of pumpkin flour incorporated into weaning mix

The objective of this study was to develop a cereal-pulse complementary food fortified with different concentrations of pumpkin powder (Cucurbita moschata), and to analyse its sensory and physic-chemical parameters. Fresh pumpkins(Cucurbita moschata) were procured from the market and dehydrated and powdered in the laboratory. Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) and whole green gram (Vigna radiate) were germinated, dried, pulverised and combined with powdered rice (Oryza sativa) in the ratio of 2:1:1. Pumpkin powder was added to this mixture at 10%, 20% and 30% variations. The complementary weaning food mix was subjected to sensory analysis (appearance, colour, flavour, texture and overall acceptability) by semi-trained panelists. The mix was analysed for its moisture, energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, fibre, beta-carotene and anti-oxidant content. Nutritional analysis of the weaning mix demonstrated that there was a significant increase in the protein, fibre, carbohydrate and antioxidant levels with an increase in concentration of pumpkin powder. The sensory analysis revealed that the complementary food mix with 20% pumpkin powder fortification had good sensory qualities.