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Vladimir M, Tatiana R, Evgeniy S, Veerasingam S, Bagaev A. Vertical and seasonal variations in biofilm formation on plastic substrates in coastal waters of the Black Sea. Chemosphere 2023; 317:137843. [PMID: 36657584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plastic contamination of the marine environment is an increasing concern worldwide. Therefore, it is important to understand the kinetics of biofilms on plastics to study their behavior, fate, and transport pathways in the ocean. In this study, the vertical and seasonal variations in biofouling formation on transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic fragments in the Southwest Crimea coastal waters of the Black Sea were investigated. Biofilms were identified in the transient light as 'dark spots' on the plastic surface, for which the numbers, size, and area were measured using specialized software. The rate of biofouling in the surface water layer was lower than those found in the middle and near-bottom water column, which could be due to a damaging effect of turbulent mixing on the biofilm. The highest rates of biofouling and diverse community were observed during the summer. The epibiotic assembly was represented by diatoms (11 taxa), dinoflagellates (3 taxa), green algae, filamentous cyanobacteria, small flagellates, and ciliates. Significant differences between the biofouling rates observed in different seasons made it difficult to estimate the period of time the plastic substrate has been in the marine environment. It was proposed to use the green alga Phycopeltis arundinacea (Montgn) De Tender et al., 2015 as a bioindicator to study the age of the biofouling community. Discoid thalli were identified at all stages of colonization of the plastic fragments in different seasons. Results obtained in this study demonstrate that biofouling organisms may be good model organisms in revealing age of biofilm formation and longevity of plastic debris in the ocean. Consequently, it is proposed that such biofouling organisms could be used as target species to monitor the biodegradation of plastic debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhanov Vladimir
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas RAS, 2, Nakhimov Av., Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Rauen Tatiana
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas RAS, 2, Nakhimov Av., Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Sakhon Evgeniy
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas RAS, 2, Nakhimov Av., Sevastopol, Russia
| | | | - Andrei Bagaev
- Marine Hydrophysical Institute, 2, Kapitanskaya Str., Sevastopol, Russia.
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Bagaev A, Esiukova E, Litvinyuk D, Chubarenko I, Veerasingam S, Venkatachalapathy R, Verzhevskaya L. Investigations of plastic contamination of seawater, marine and coastal sediments in the Russian seas: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-14183-z. [PMID: 33961191 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Twelve seas with an integral coastline length of about 38,000 km wash upon the Russian coasts. They belong to the basins of the Atlantic, the Arctic, and the Pacific Oceans and stretch over temperate, subpolar, and polar climate zones. This review of 32 studies published between 2015 and August 2020 analyses the available peer-reviewed scientific publications related to the topic of plastic contamination. At present, plastic contamination of the marine environments is confirmed by field investigations in 7 out of 12 Russian seas. Pollution levels vary widely: from 0.6 to 336,000 items/m3 for microplastics in water and from 1.3 to 10,179 items/kg (DW)-in sediments, while median macroplastics abundance is around 1.0 item/m2 at the coast. One monitoring survey of the Barents Sea reported mean macroplastics concentration in the upper 60 m as 0.011 mg/m3 and 2.9 kg/km2 at the sea floor. The identification of the polymer types with spectroscopy techniques is performed only in 9 studies (28%); most researchers use visual identification which makes the results difficult to compare. Most projects aimed at the plastic contamination research use their own collection and extraction methods that poorly agree with other studies. Since the pollution levels in most of the areas are relatively low, sampling is inhomogeneous in space and time. The most extensively studied areas are the beaches of the Baltic Sea, while the least examined is the Arctic region. Our study highlights the need for a discussion on harmonizing sampling methodology and identification techniques among different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Bagaev
- Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, 299011, Russia.
| | - Elena Esiukova
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Daria Litvinyuk
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Sevastopol, 299011, Russia
| | - Irina Chubarenko
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | | | | | - Liudmila Verzhevskaya
- Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, 299011, Russia
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Ranjani M, Veerasingam S, Venkatachalapathy R, Mugilarasan M, Bagaev A, Mukhanov V, Vethamony P. Assessment of potential ecological risk of microplastics in the coastal sediments of India: A meta-analysis. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 163:111969. [PMID: 33515857 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Abundance, chemical composition and ecological risk of microplastics (MPs) in terrestrial and marine environments have merited substantial attention from the research communities. This is the first attempt to comprehend the ecological risk of MPs in sediments along the Indian coast using meta-data. Polymer hazard index (PHI), pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI) were used to evaluate the quality of sediments. Areas have high PHI values (>1000) due to the presence of polymers with high hazard scores such as polyamide (PA) and polystyrene (PS). According to PLI values, sediments along the west coast of India (WCI) are moderately contaminated with MPs (PLI: 3.03 to 15.5), whereas sediments along the east coast of India (ECI) are less contaminated (PLI: 1 to 6.14). The PERI values of sediments along the Indian coast showed higher ecological risk for the metropolitan cities, river mouths, potential fishing zones and the remote islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ranjani
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Veerasingam
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar.
| | - R Venkatachalapathy
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Mugilarasan
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Andrei Bagaev
- Department of Shelf Hydrophysics, Federal Research Center Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS, Sevastopol 299011, Russia
| | - Vladimir Mukhanov
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Sevastopol, Russia
| | - P Vethamony
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar
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Veerasingam S, Ranjani M, Venkatachalapathy R, Bagaev A, Mukhanov V, Litvinyuk D, Verzhevskaia L, Guganathan L, Vethamony P. Microplastics in different environmental compartments in India: Analytical methods, distribution, associated contaminants and research needs. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Chubarenko I, Efimova I, Bagaeva M, Bagaev A, Isachenko I. On mechanical fragmentation of single-use plastics in the sea swash zone with different types of bottom sediments: Insights from laboratory experiments. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 150:110726. [PMID: 31780093 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical fragmentation of four commonly used plastics, from 2-cm squares or cubes to microplastics (MPs, <5 mm), is experimentally investigated using a rotating laboratory mixer mimicking the sea swash zone with natural beach sediments (large and small pebbles, granules, sand). Macro-samples were prepared from brittle not-buoyant PS (disposable plates), flexible thin film of LDPE (garbage bags), highly buoyant foamed PS (building insulation sheets), and hard buoyant PP (single-use beverage cups). With a great variety of behaviors of plastics while mixing, coarser sediments (pebbles) have higher fragmentation efficiency than sands (measured as the mass of generated MPs), disregarding sinking/floating or mechanical properties of the samples. It is confirmed that, under swash-like mixing with coarse sediments, the MPs tend to burry below the sediment surface. The obtained relationship between the mass of MPs and the number of items is similar to that for MPs floating at the ocean surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Chubarenko
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36, Nakhimovski prospect, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Irina Efimova
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36, Nakhimovski prospect, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Margarita Bagaeva
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36, Nakhimovski prospect, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Andrei Bagaev
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36, Nakhimovski prospect, Moscow 117997, Russia; Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Federal Research Center "Marine Hydrophysical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences", 2, Kapitanskaya str., Sevastopol 299011, Russia
| | - Igor Isachenko
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36, Nakhimovski prospect, Moscow 117997, Russia
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Li F, Lizee G, Hwu P, Du X, Deng L, Talukder A, Katailiha A, Zou Q, Roszik J, Hawke D, Jackson K, Bradley S, Wang Y, Ataullakhanov R, Bagaev A, Kotlov N, Svekolkin V, Miheecheva N, Frenkel F, Sonnemann H. The role of EGFR inhibitor (EGFRi) in immune cell infiltration and CD8+ T-cell activation in EGFR mutant lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz238.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Bagaev A, Khatmullina L, Chubarenko I. Anthropogenic microlitter in the Baltic Sea water column. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 129:918-923. [PMID: 29106941 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microlitter (0.5-5mm) concentrations in water column (depth range from 0 to 217.5m) of the main Baltic Proper basins are reported. In total, 95 water samples collected in 6 research cruises in 2015-2016 in the Bornholm, Gdansk, and Gotland basins were analysed. Water from 10- and 30-litre Niskin bathometers was filtered through the 174μm filters, and the filtrate was examined under optical microscope (40×). The bulk mean concentration was 0.40±0.58 items per litre, with fibres making 77% of them. Other types of particles are the paint flakes (19%) and fragments (4%); no microbeads or pellets. The highest concentrations are found in the near-bottom samples from the coastal zone (2.2-2.7 items per litre max) and from near-surface waters (0.5m) in the Bornholm basin (5 samples, 1.6-2.5 items per litre). Distribution of particles over depths, types, and geographical regions is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Bagaev
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36, Nahimovskiy prospekt, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Liliya Khatmullina
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36, Nahimovskiy prospekt, Moscow 117997, Russia; Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street, 14, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia
| | - Irina Chubarenko
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36, Nahimovskiy prospekt, Moscow 117997, Russia
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Bagaev A, Mizyuk A, Khatmullina L, Isachenko I, Chubarenko I. Anthropogenic fibres in the Baltic Sea water column: Field data, laboratory and numerical testing of their motion. Sci Total Environ 2017; 599-600:560-571. [PMID: 28494282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Distribution of microplastics particles (MPs) in the water column is investigated on the base of 95 water samples collected from various depths in the Baltic Sea Proper in 2015-2016. Fibres are the prevalent type of MPs: 7% of the samples contained small films; about 40% had (presumably) paint flakes, while 63% contained coloured fibres in concentrations from 0.07 to 2.6 items per litre. Near-surface and near-bottom layers (defined as one tenth of the local depth) have 3-5 times larger fibre concentrations than intermediate layers. Laboratory tests demonstrated that sinking behaviour of a small and flexible fibre can be complicated, with 4-fold difference in sinking velocity for various random fibres' curvature during its free fall. Numerical tests on transport of fibres in the Baltic Sea Proper were performed using HIROMB reanalysis data (2007) for the horizontal velocity field and laboratory order-of-magnitude estimates for the sinking velocity of fibres. The model takes into account (i) motion of fibres together with currents, (ii) their very slow sinking, and (iii) their low re-suspension threshold. Sensitivity of the final distribution of fibres to variations of those parameters is examined. These experiments are the first step towards modelling of transport of fibres in marine environment and they seem to reproduce the main features of fibres distribution quite well.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bagaev
- Atlantic Branch of P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Mira, 1, Kaliningrad 236022, Russia.
| | - A Mizyuk
- Marine Hydrophysical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kapitanskaya str., 31, Sevastopol 299011, Russia
| | - L Khatmullina
- Atlantic Branch of P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Mira, 1, Kaliningrad 236022, Russia
| | - I Isachenko
- Atlantic Branch of P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Mira, 1, Kaliningrad 236022, Russia
| | - I Chubarenko
- Atlantic Branch of P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Mira, 1, Kaliningrad 236022, Russia
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Chubarenko I, Bagaev A, Zobkov M, Esiukova E. On some physical and dynamical properties of microplastic particles in marine environment. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 108:105-12. [PMID: 27184128 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Simplified physical models and geometrical considerations reveal general physical and dynamical properties of microplastic particles (0.5-5mm) of different density, shape and size in marine environment. Windage of extremely light foamed particles, surface area and fouling rate of slightly positively buoyant microplastic spheres, films and fibres and settling velocities of negatively buoyant particles are analysed. For the Baltic Sea dimensions and under the considered idealised external conditions, (i) only one day is required for a foamed polystyrene particle to cross the sea (ca. 250km); (ii) polyethylene fibres should spend about 6-8months in the euphotic zone before sinking due to bio-fouling, whilst spherical particles can be retained on the surface up to 10-15years; (iii) for heavy microplastic particles, the time of settling through the water column in the central Gotland basin (ca. 250m) is less than 18h. Proper physical setting of the problem of microplastics transport and developing of physically-based parameterisations are seen as applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chubarenko
- Atlantic Branch of P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Mira, 1, Kaliningrad, 236022, Russia.
| | - A Bagaev
- Atlantic Branch of P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Mira, 1, Kaliningrad, 236022, Russia.
| | - M Zobkov
- Atlantic Branch of P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Mira, 1, Kaliningrad, 236022, Russia.
| | - E Esiukova
- Atlantic Branch of P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Mira, 1, Kaliningrad, 236022, Russia.
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