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Jeffery NW, Vercaemer B, Stanley RRE, Kess T, Dufresne F, Noisette F, O'Connor MI, Wong MC. Variation in genomic vulnerability to climate change across temperate populations of eelgrass ( Zostera marina). Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13671. [PMID: 38650965 PMCID: PMC11033490 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A global decline in seagrass populations has led to renewed calls for their conservation as important providers of biogenic and foraging habitat, shoreline stabilization and carbon storage. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) occupies the largest geographic range among seagrass species spanning a commensurately broad spectrum of environmental conditions. In Canada, eelgrass is managed as a single phylogroup despite occurring across three oceans and a range of ocean temperatures and salinity gradients. Previous research has focused on applying relatively few markers to reveal population structure of eelgrass, whereas a whole-genome approach is warranted to investigate cryptic structure among populations inhabiting different ocean basins and localized environmental conditions. We used a pooled whole-genome re-sequencing approach to characterize population structure, gene flow and environmental associations of 23 eelgrass populations ranging from the Northeast United States to Atlantic, subarctic and Pacific Canada. We identified over 500,000 SNPs, which when mapped to a chromosome-level genome assembly revealed six broad clades of eelgrass across the study area, with pairwise F ST ranging from 0 among neighbouring populations to 0.54 between Pacific and Atlantic coasts. Genetic diversity was highest in the Pacific and lowest in the subarctic, consistent with colonization of the Arctic and Atlantic oceans from the Pacific less than 300 kya. Using redundancy analyses and two climate change projection scenarios, we found that subarctic populations are predicted to be potentially more vulnerable to climate change through genomic offset predictions. Conservation planning in Canada should thus ensure that representative populations from each identified clade are included within a national network so that latent genetic diversity is protected, and gene flow is maintained. Northern populations, in particular, may require additional mitigation measures given their potential susceptibility to a rapidly changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Jeffery
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaBedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Benedikte Vercaemer
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaBedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Ryan R. E. Stanley
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaBedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Tony Kess
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries CentreSt. John'sNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
| | - France Dufresne
- Département de BiologieUniversité du Québec à RimouskiRimouskiQuebecCanada
| | - Fanny Noisette
- Institut des Sciences de la mer, Université du Québec à RimouskiRimouskiQuebecCanada
| | - Mary I. O'Connor
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Melisa C. Wong
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaBedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
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Crespo LCF, Cardoso P, Malumbres-Olarte J, Pereira F, Romeiras M, Ros-Prieto A, Rigal F, Borges PAV. Standardised inventories of spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Macaronesia III: dry habitats of Cabo Verde Archipelago (São Vicente and Santo Antão). Biodivers Data J 2024; 12:e115464. [PMID: 38586529 PMCID: PMC10998958 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.12.e115464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With this publication, we contribute to the knowledge of the arachnofauna of Cabo Verde, focusing specifically on the Islands of Santo Antão and São Vicente. Data were obtained from samples collected as part of the project "Macaronesian Islands as a testing ground to assess biodiversity drivers at multiple scales" (FCT - MACDIV, 2015-2018). This project aimed to identify the factors influencing community assembly in Macaronesian islands. For the Cabo Verde Islands, we focused on dry habitats with the additional aim to revise the aracnofauna of this poorly-known fauna. We applied the COBRA (Conservation Oriented Biodiversity Rapid Assessment) sampling protocol in ten 50 m x 50 m dry shrub plots, with five on each of the two islands, using pitfall traps, sweep-netting and active search. Additional ad-hoc samples were also collected and reported. New information Our sampling of spiders from Cabo Verde (Santo Antão and São Vicente) yielded a total of 3,368 specimens, of which 1300 (39%) were adults. The samples include 21 families, 87 species, 18 of which are morphospecies awaiting formal identification or description at species level. Species in the families Oxyopidae (2 spp.) and Araneidae (8 spp.) were the most abundant, making up 49% of the specimens. From the 68 named species, 14 are endemic to Cabo Verde, 40 are native non-endemic and 14 are introduced. The colonisation status of Cithaeronreimoseri Platnick, 1991 is unknown. Endemic species accounted for 24% (n = 818) of the specimens and native non-endemic for 63% (n = 2122). A total of 29 species were new records for Cabo Verde, with 15 for Santo Antão, seven for São Vicente and seven for both Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Carlos Fonseca Crespo
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, Helsinki, 00100, FinlandLaboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13Helsinki, 00100Finland
- cE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalcE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042Angra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, Helsinki, 00100, FinlandLaboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13Helsinki, 00100Finland
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, PortugalcE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016LisbonPortugal
| | - Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, Helsinki, 00100, FinlandLaboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13Helsinki, 00100Finland
- cE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalcE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042Angra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
| | - Fernando Pereira
- cE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalcE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042Angra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
| | - Maria Romeiras
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, PortugalcE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016LisbonPortugal
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center & Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1340-017, Lisbon, PortugalLEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center & Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1340-017LisbonPortugal
| | - Alejandra Ros-Prieto
- cE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalcE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042Angra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
| | - François Rigal
- cE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalcE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042Angra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
- Environment and Microbiology Team, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Amour, Pau Cedex 64013, FranceEnvironment and Microbiology Team, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’AmourPau Cedex 64013France
| | - Paulo A. V. Borges
- cE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalcE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze, 9700-042Angra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
- IUCN SSC Atlantic Islands Invertebrate Specialist Group, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalIUCN SSC Atlantic Islands Invertebrate Specialist Group, 9700-042Angra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
- IUCN SSC Species Monitoring Specialist Group, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PortugalIUCN SSC Species Monitoring Specialist Group, 9700-042Angra do Heroísmo, AzoresPortugal
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Lima DF, Gonçalves TS, Pestana IA, Di Beneditto APM, Franco RWDA. Elemental Concentrations in the Shells of the Mussel Perna perna: Discrimination of Origin. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1279-1287. [PMID: 37344682 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The potential use of elemental concentrations and element:calcium (Ca) ratios as indicators of provenance for bivalve mollusks on the Brazilian coast is evaluated herein for the first time. The approach was applied to shells of the mussel Perna perna (target of extractive fisheries) from geographically close areas but under distinct environmental and anthropogenic influences. Both concentrations of the elements normalized by Ca and the total concentrations can be applied to discriminate the mussels' origin. However, the canonical approach using the total concentrations indicated variations regarding the discriminatory power, and the concentrations of the elements normalized by Ca were more robust in differentiating the provenance of the shells. The origin of mussels was better discriminated by six elementary ratios: Al:Ca, Fe:Ca, K:Ca, Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca and Na:Ca. Thus, monitoring studies aiming to discriminate the origin of P. perna individuals along their distribution based on these elementary ratios of the shell are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayvison Felismindo Lima
- Laboratório de Ciências Físicas, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Thaluana Silva Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Ciências Físicas, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Inácio Abreu Pestana
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Roberto Weider de Assis Franco
- Laboratório de Ciências Físicas, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil.
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Robson J, Sutton R, Menary MB, Lai MWK. Contrasting internally and externally generated Atlantic Multidecadal Variability and the role for AMOC in CMIP6 historical simulations. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2023; 381:20220194. [PMID: 37866382 PMCID: PMC10590668 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) has long been thought to be an expression of low-frequency variability in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). However, alternative hypotheses have been forwarded, including that AMV is primarily externally forced. Here, we review the current state of play by assessing historical simulations made for the sixth coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP6). Overall, the importance of external forcing is sensitive to the type of AMV index used, due to the importance of globally coherent externally forced signals in the models. There are also significant contrasts between the processes that drive internally and externally forced AMV, but these processes can be isolated by exploring the multivariate expression of AMV. Specifically, internal variability in CMIP6 models is consistent with an important role of ocean circulation and AMOC and the externally forced AMV is largely a surface-flux forced mechanism with little role for the ocean. Overall, the internal multivariate fingerprint of AMV is similar to the observed, but the externally forced fingerprint appears inconsistent with observations. Therefore, climate models still suggest a key role for ocean dynamics, and specifically AMOC, in observed AMV. Nevertheless, models remain deficient in a number of areas, and a stronger role for externally forced dynamical changes cannot be ruled out. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Atlantic overturning: new observations and challenges'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Robson
- Department of Meteorology, National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Rowan Sutton
- Department of Meteorology, National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Laurent KS, Cantwell M, Lohmann R. New insights on black carbon in pelagic Atlantic sediments. Mar Chem 2023; 257:1-11. [PMID: 38274497 PMCID: PMC10807163 DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2023.104312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) is ubiquitous in pelagic sediments and presumed to have an older radiocarbon age due to long ocean residence times and pre-aging in terrestrial soils. Here, we analyzed sediments from five regions in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean to quantify the black carbon fraction of the total organic carbon pool. Black carbon, derived from the chemothermal oxidation method, comprised between 17±6% of the sedimentary organic carbon in the Northwest Argentina Basin and 65±18% in the Amazon Delta. Black carbon sediment accumulation rates were six times greater in the Sierra Leone Rise (8.4±4.1 mg cm-2 kyr-1) compared to the remote Northwest Argentina Basin (1.3±0.4 mg cm-2 kyr-1), possibly due to enhanced regional atmospheric deposition from annual African grassland fires. The radiocarbon age for BC from subtropical Atlantic sediments were more modern compared to the bulk total organic carbon, and BC source was apportioned as biomass burning byproducts from their stable carbon isotopic signatures and characteristic ratios of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This study demonstrated that subtropical Atlantic Ocean sediments serve as an important sink for young BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari St. Laurent
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, U.S.A
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service, Silver Spring, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Mark Cantwell
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, U.S.A
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, U.S.A
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Veneza I, da Silva R, Ferreira C, Mendonça P, Sampaio I, Evangelista-Gomes G. Genetic connectivity and population expansion inferred from multilocus analysis in Lutjanus alexandrei (Lutjanidae-Perciformes), an endemic snapper from Northeastern Brazilian coast. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15973. [PMID: 37780387 PMCID: PMC10540771 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies about the genetic diversity, connectivity and demographic history in Lutjanidae fishes have reported a common pattern of genetic homogeneity and expansion in populations from Western South Atlantic. In the present work, we inferred the population structure, the levels of genetic diversity and the demographic history of the Brazilian snapper Lutjanus alexandrei, a recently described and endemic species from Northeastern coast of Brazil. Five different fragments, including mitochondrial DNA (Control Region, Cyt b and ND4) and nuclear DNA (Myostatin and S7) regions were analyzed in 120 specimens of L. alexandrei from four localities in Northeastern Brazil, representing the first study of population genetics in this species. High levels of genetic diversity were observed following a panmictic pattern, probably related to the larval dispersal by the current tides along the Brazilian coast. In addition, both demographic history and neutrality tests indicated that L. alexandrei has undergone population expansion during Pleistocene. In this sense, the sea level variation from this period could have increased the available resources and suitable habitats for the Brazilian snapper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Veneza
- Campus Universitário de Monte Alegre, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Monte Alegre, Pará, Brazil
| | - Raimundo da Silva
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros/Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Charles Ferreira
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros/Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Mendonça
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros/Grupo de Genética e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros/Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Grazielle Evangelista-Gomes
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros/Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
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Periáñez R, Abascal-Ruíz U, López-Gutiérrez JM, Villa-Alfageme M. Sediments as sinks and sources of marine radionuclides: Implications for their use as ocean tracers. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 194:115316. [PMID: 37517248 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
A Lagrangian transport model for the North Atlantic has been applied to simulate the historical releases of 137Cs, 129I and 236U from the European nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. Advection by currents, mixing and decay are included, as radionuclide interactions between water, sediments and suspended matter. The model was validated comparing predictions with measured radionuclide concentrations in water and sediments in several areas. 129I and 236U signals entering the Arctic Ocean have been compared with the input terms: the 236U signal is distorted, but the 129I signal preserves its shape. In the first moments after the releases, the sediments act as sinks for 236U, but not significantly for 129I and ultimately they become sources of 236U to the open sea. This results in a weaker correlation between input and output signals for 236U than for 129I. The same effects as for 236U have been found for 137Cs signal into the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Periáñez
- Dpt Física Aplicada I, ETSIA, Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra Utrera km 1, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Unai Abascal-Ruíz
- Dpt Física Aplicada II, ETSIE, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda Reina Mercedes s/n, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - María Villa-Alfageme
- Dpt Física Aplicada II, ETSIE, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda Reina Mercedes s/n, Sevilla, Spain
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Dutton J. Relationship between trace element concentrations and body length in dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:87757-87767. [PMID: 37432573 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) is a popular seafood choice worldwide, however, except for mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se), little is known about the concentration of other trace elements in dolphinfish muscle tissue, especially in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. This study investigated the relationship between body length (61 to 94 cm fork length) and trace element [silver (Ag), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), Hg, manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), Se, and zinc (Zn)] concentrations in muscle tissue of dolphinfish caught off Long Island, New York (n = 16). There was a positive relationship with body length for As and Hg, a negative relationship with body length for Cu and Zn, and no relationship with body length for Cd, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Se. A negative relationship between the Se:Hg molar ratio and body length and Se:Hg molar ratio and Hg concentration was observed. Dolphinfish were low in Hg with only 18.9% (n = 3) of individuals exceeding the U.S. EPA human health criterion of 0.3 µg/g wet weight, making this species a suitable seafood choice to reduce dietary intake of Hg at the investigated body length. All fish had a Se:Hg molar ratio > 1:1 indicating that Se may have a protective effect against Hg toxicity. The selenium health benefit value (HBVSe) for all individuals was > 1, indicating there may be health benefits from consuming dolphinfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Dutton
- Environmental Studies Program, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, 11530, USA.
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, Aquatic Station, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
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de Castro I, Ribeiro S, Oliveira V, Coelho FJRC, de Lurdes Dapkevicius M, de Azevedo EB, Barcelos E Ramos J. Brachybacterium atlanticum sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium isolated from the Atlantic Ocean. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37540229 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A bacterial strain, PhyBa_CO2_2T, was isolated from the North Atlantic Gyre, offshore Terceira Island in the Azores. Initially, the NCBI nucleotide blast analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain belongs to the genus Brachybacterium, with a 100 % identity with Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum LMG 19861T. However, further genomic characterization through average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization analyses showed values of 96.06 and 64.80 %, respectively. Comparative genomics also highlighted differences in gene content. The genome size of PhyBa_CO2_2T is 3.6 Mbp and the DNA G+C content is 72.1 mol%. Chemotaxonomic analysis demonstrated that the composition of the fatty acids was mainly composed of anteiso-C15 : 0 (46.04 %), iso-C16 : 0 (13.70 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (9.48 %), and the polar lipids were mainly diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified glycolipids. Furthermore, the diagnostic amino acid of the cell wall was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK7. Finally, phenotypic analysis revealed differences in biochemical profiles between PhyBa_CO2_2T and its closely related strains in terms of indole production, urease and β-glucuronidase activity. Therefore, based on the genomic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data obtained, we concluded that strain PhyBa_CO2_2T represents a new species, for which the name Brachybacterium atlanticum sp. nov. is proposed in reference to its isolation site. The type strain is PhyBa_CO2_2T (=DSM 114113T= CECT 30695T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês de Castro
- Group of Climate, Meteorology and Global Change, IITAA- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Susana Ribeiro
- Group of Food Science and Health, IITAA- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Oliveira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Francisco J R C Coelho
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lurdes Dapkevicius
- Group of Food Science and Health, IITAA- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Brito de Azevedo
- Group of Climate, Meteorology and Global Change, IITAA- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Joana Barcelos E Ramos
- Group of Climate, Meteorology and Global Change, IITAA- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
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10
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Almeida JM, Singdahl-Larsen C, Buenaventura N, Gomes L, Morgado V, Olsen M, Bettencourt da Silva R, Palma C. Assessment and Comparison of Microplastic Contamination in Atlantic Navigation Routes with Known Uncertainty. Environ Sci Technol 2023. [PMID: 37382470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) have been found in various environments worldwide. However, not many studies focus on the open ocean due to logistical restraints. Between January and May 2020, the NRP Sagres sampled 123 linear paths of subsurface water of the Atlantic Ocean, passing by Cape Verde, the east coast of South America, and the west coast of Africa. The water was sampled through the ship's water system. The membranes were analyzed by the Hydrographic Institute of Portugal and the Norwegian Institute for Water Research by micro-FTIR. The contamination levels were reported with uncertainty, for 99% confidence level (CL), normalized for filtered water volume and the distance traveled during sampling. Uncertainties were calculated through a detailed ″bottom-up″ evaluation. MP were found in about a third of the stations (48 out of 123), and most of those stations (43 out of 48) presented concentrations below 1 m-3 km-1. The sites where higher concentrations were registered were the port of the island of Santiago (Cape Verde) ((5.9 ± 5.2) m-3 km-1), the Guanabara Bay in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) ((41 ± 27) m-3 km-1), and close to South Africa ((4.9 ± 2.4) m-3 km-1). Most MP found were polyamide, polyester, polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate, and poly(methyl methacrylate). The estimated contamination levels cannot be directly compared with information obtained in other studies due to differences in how MP were determined and the unknown uncertainty of their measured values. This article presents a relevant and reliable contribution to understanding the MP distribution in the Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nina Buenaventura
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Luís Gomes
- Instituto Hidrográfico, Rua das Trinas, 49, 1249-093 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Morgado
- Instituto Hidrográfico, Rua das Trinas, 49, 1249-093 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marianne Olsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ricardo Bettencourt da Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Palma
- Instituto Hidrográfico, Rua das Trinas, 49, 1249-093 Lisboa, Portugal
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11
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Dünn M, Arndt H. Distribution Patterns of Benthic Protist Communities Depending on Depth Revealed by Environmental Sequencing-From the Sublittoral to the Deep Sea. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1664. [PMID: 37512837 PMCID: PMC10385078 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Protists are key components of the microbial food web in marine pelagic systems because they link algal and bacterial production to higher trophic levels. However, their functioning and bathymetric distribution in benthic deep-sea ecosystems are still only poorly understood. However, biogeographical patterns of communities can be coupled to the functioning of ecosystems and are therefore important to understand ecological and evolutionary processes. In this study, we investigated the diversity and distribution of benthic protist communities from the sublittoral down to the deep seafloor (50-2000 m) around three islands of the Azores in the North Atlantic Ocean. Using amplicon sequencing of the V9 region (18S rDNA) of 21 samples, we found that protist community compositions from different depths were significantly different. Three assemblages were separated along the following depths: 50 m, 150-500 m and 1000-2000 m, which indicate that deep-sea areas surrounding islands might act as isolating barriers for benthic protist species. A limited gene flow between the communities could favor speciation processes, leading to the unique protist communities found at the different investigated islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dünn
- Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hartmut Arndt
- Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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12
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Suaria G, Cappa P, Perold V, Aliani S, Ryan PG. Abundance and composition of small floating plastics in the eastern and southern sectors of the Atlantic Ocean. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 193:115109. [PMID: 37327719 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the distribution of floating plastics in the eastern and southern sectors of the Atlantic Ocean based on 35 neuston net trawl samples collected during two research cruises in 2016 and 2017. Plastic particles (>200 μm) were found in 69% of net tows, with median densities of 1583 items·km-2 and 5.1 g·km-2. Most particles (80% of 158) were microplastics (<5 mm) of secondary origin (88%), followed by industrial pellets (5%), thin plastic films (4%) and lines/filaments (3%). Due to the large mesh size we used, textile fibers were not considered in this study. μFTIR analysis revealed that most particles found in the net were made of polyethylene (63%), followed by polypropylene (32%) and polystyrene (1%). A transect between 0 and 18°E along 35°S in the South Atlantic Ocean revealed higher densities farther west, supporting the accumulation of floating plastics in the South Atlantic gyre, mainly west of 10°E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Suaria
- CNR-ISMAR (Institute of Marine Sciences - National Research Council), Lerici 19032, La Spezia, Italy.
| | - Paolo Cappa
- Independent Researcher, Sommariva Perno 12040, Italy
| | - Vonica Perold
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Stefano Aliani
- CNR-ISMAR (Institute of Marine Sciences - National Research Council), Lerici 19032, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Peter G Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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13
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Malcolm EG, Coleman SE, Smith EM, Cooke ME, Rice Jeff H, Ellick RM, Volker KM. The potential use of skin and liver as biomarkers to estimate mercury in the brain, kidney, and muscle of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 191:114903. [PMID: 37062130 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
For marine cetaceans, Hg biomagnification can negatively affect neurological, hepatic, renal, and immune functions. To evaluate the use of biomarkers for Hg in dolphins, multiple tissues were analyzed from 127 stranded common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the estuarine and oceanic waters of Virginia, USA. Twenty-two percent of liver Hg concentrations exceeded the published observed effect level for liver abnormalities, and 26 % of cerebrum samples exceeded the published threshold for neurochemical changes, suggesting that Hg may have impacted dolphin health. Mercury tissue levels were similar to or lower than those reported from other locations (liver range: 1.4-943 μg/g-dw). Significant correlations were found between tissue types, indicating that skin or liver can be used as a biomarker to estimate the total Hg concentrations in the other tissue types (kidney, liver, cerebrum, cerebellum, pons). This is the first study to measure Hg concentrations in multiple brain regions of T. truncatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Malcolm
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Wesleyan University, Virginia Beach, VA, USA.
| | - Sherie E Coleman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Wesleyan University, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Erin M Smith
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Wesleyan University, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Matthew E Cooke
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Wesleyan University, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Hannah Rice Jeff
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Wesleyan University, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Rachel M Ellick
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Kristen M Volker
- Virginia Aquarium & Marine Science Center, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
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14
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Caracci E, Vega-Herrera A, Dachs J, Berrojalbiz N, Buonanno G, Abad E, Llorca M, Moreno T, Farré M. Micro(nano)plastics in the atmosphere of the Atlantic Ocean. J Hazard Mater 2023; 450:131036. [PMID: 36857820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, long-range atmospheric transport and deposition of micro and nano plastics (MNPLs) remains un-quantified for the oceanic atmosphereopen ocean. Here we show the characterisation of MNPLs and the aerosol composition (PM10) in a north-south Atlantic transect from Vigo (Spain) to Punta Arenas (Chile). The analytical procedure to assess the composition of MNPLs consisted of a double suspect screening approach of the polymers and additives, the two constituents of plastics. Polymers were analysed by size exclusion chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry using an atmospheric pressure photoionization source operated in positive and negative conditions (HPLC(SEC)-APPI(+/-)-HRMS). Plastic additives were screened with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry using an electrospray ionisation source (HPLC-ESI(+/-)-HRMS). The most common polymers were polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyisoprene (PI), and polystyrene (PS), with the highest polymer concentration being 51.7 ng·m-3 of PI. The air mass back trajectories showed the variable influence of oceanic and terrestrial air masses. These differences were reflected in the aerosol composition with different contributions of Saharan dust, sea spray aerosol, organic/elemental carbon, and MNPLs. Results showed that samples largely influenced by sea-spray and air masses originating from coastal South America and the north Atlantic subtropical gyre were more contaminated by MNPLs. Moreover, this information was complemented by the characterisation of the largest particles using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and µ-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (µ-FTIR). This work provides the first field evidence of the long-range transport of MNPLs in most of the Atlantic Ocean, as the result of dynamic coupling between the lower atmosphere and the surface ocean. Sea-spray formation arises as a key driver for the aerosolisation of MNPLs, and atmospheric transport followed by dry deposition may modulate the occurrence of MNPLs in large oceanic regions, issues that will require future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Caracci
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, FR, Cassino, Italy
| | - Albert Vega-Herrera
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C. Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C. Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Naiara Berrojalbiz
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C. Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giorgio Buonanno
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, FR, Cassino, Italy; International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Esteban Abad
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C. Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Llorca
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C. Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Moreno
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C. Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marinella Farré
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C. Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Veiga P, Sampaio L, Moreira J, Rubal M. Short-term effects of trampling on intertidal Mytilus galloprovincialis beds. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 189:114800. [PMID: 36898273 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Human trampling represents one of the main anthropogenic pressures in the rocky intertidal. This habitat includes many ecosystem engineers such as mussels that provide biogenic habitat and multiple services. This research assessed potential impacts of human trampling on beds of the mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, on NW shores of Portugal. To test for direct effects of trampling on mussels and indirect effects on the associated assemblages, three treatments were applied: control (untouched beds), low and high intensity of trampling. Effects of trampling were dependent on the taxa. Thus, values of shell length of M. galloprovincialis were greater under the highest intensity of trampling while abundances of Arthropoda, Mollusca and Lasaea rubra showed the opposite pattern. Moreover, total number of taxa and abundances of Nematoda and Annelida showed higher values under low trampling intensity. The implications of these results to manage human use in areas with ecosystem engineers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puri Veiga
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR) of the University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Leandro Sampaio
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR) of the University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Juan Moreira
- Departamento de Biología (Unidad de Zoología) & Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marcos Rubal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR) of the University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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16
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Beck AJ, Kaandorp M, Hamm T, Bogner B, Kossel E, Lenz M, Haeckel M, Achterberg EP. Rapid shipboard measurement of net-collected marine microplastic polymer types using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04634-6. [PMID: 36922436 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Isolation and detection of microplastics (MP) in marine samples is extremely cost- and labor-intensive, limiting the speed and amount of data that can be collected. In the current work, we describe rapid measurement of net-collected MPs (net mesh size 300 µm) using a benchtop near-infrared hyperspectral imaging system during a research expedition to the subtropical North Atlantic gyre. Suspected plastic particles were identified microscopically and mounted on a black adhesive background. Particles were imaged with a Specim FX17 near-infrared linescan camera and a motorized stage. A particle mapping procedure was built on existing edge-finding algorithms and a polymer identification method developed using spectra from virgin polymer reference materials. This preliminary work focused on polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene as they are less dense than seawater and therefore likely to be found floating in the open ocean. A total of 27 net tows sampled 2534 suspected MP particles that were imaged and analyzed at sea. Approximately 77.1% of particles were identified as polyethylene, followed by polypropylene (9.2%). A small fraction of polystyrene was detected only at one station. Approximately 13.6% of particles were either other plastic polymers or were natural materials visually misidentified as plastics. Particle size distributions for PE and PP particles with a length greater than 1 mm followed an approximate power law relationship with abundance. This method allowed at-sea, near real-time identification of MP polymer types and particle dimensions, and shows great promise for rapid field measurements of microplastics in net-collected samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Beck
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Mikael Kaandorp
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thea Hamm
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany
- National Park Authority, Virchowstrasse 1, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Boie Bogner
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - Elke Kossel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mark Lenz
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Haeckel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eric P Achterberg
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany
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17
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de Souza Viana LM, Constantino WD, Tostes ECL, Luze FHR, de Barros Salomão MSM, de Jesus TB, de Carvalho CEV. Seasonal variation, contribution and dynamics of trace elements in the drainage basin and estuary of the Serinhaém river, BA. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 188:114653. [PMID: 36764148 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study a mass balance calculation was used to quantify trace elements (Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ti, V and Zn) fluxes exported from the Serinhaém River estuary to the Atlantic Ocean. The studied elements exportation in the particulate fraction showed higher fluxes in the first sampling campaign and a high export rate to the Atlantic Ocean during this period. The physical-chemical parameters showed the highest values in sampling campaign 1. These variations are probably the cause of the different trace elements behavior in fluvial and estuarine areas, where removal and addition processes between particulate and dissolved phases took place, affecting distribution coefficient and fluxes to the Atlantic Ocean. EPA ecosystems present values in accordance with Brazilian legislation for pristine areas, however, monitoring programs must be carried out in the region, to avoid future environmental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Maria de Souza Viana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia, CEP: 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Wendel Dias Constantino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia, CEP: 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eloá Côrrea Lessa Tostes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia, CEP: 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Henrique Rossi Luze
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia, CEP: 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Sarmet Moreira de Barros Salomão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia, CEP: 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Taíse Bonfim de Jesus
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Veiga de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia, CEP: 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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González-Santana D, Lough AJM, Planquette H, Sarthou G, Tagliabue A, Lohan MC. The unaccounted dissolved iron (II) sink: Insights from dFe(II) concentrations in the deep Atlantic Ocean. Sci Total Environ 2023; 862:161179. [PMID: 36581276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal vent sites found along mid-ocean ridges are sources of numerous reduced chemical species and trace elements. To establish dissolved iron (II) (dFe(II)) variability along the Mid Atlantic Ridge (between 39.5°N and 26°N), dFe(II) concentrations were measured above six hydrothermal vent sites, as well as at stations with no active hydrothermal activity. The dFe(II) concentrations ranged from 0.00 to 0.12 nmol L-1 (detection limit = 0.02 ± 0.02 nmol L-1) in non-hydrothermally affected regions to values as high as 12.8 nmol L-1 within hydrothermal plumes. Iron (II) in seawater is oxidised over a period of minutes to hours, which is on average two times faster than the time required to collect the sample from the deep ocean and its analysis in the onboard laboratory. A multiparametric equation was used to estimate the original dFe(II) concentration in the deep ocean. The in-situ temperature, pH, salinity and delay between sample collection and its analysis were considered. The results showed that dFe(II) plays a more significant role in the iron pool than previously accounted for, constituting a fraction >20 % of the dissolved iron pool, in contrast to <10 % of the iron pool formerly reported. This discrepancy is caused by Fe(II) loss during sampling when between 35 and 90 % of the dFe(II) gets oxidised. In-situ dFe(II) concentrations are therefore significantly higher than values reported in sedimentary and hydrothermal settings where Fe is added to the ocean in its reduced form. Consequently, the high dynamism of dFe(II) in hydrothermal environments masks the magnitude of dFe(II) sourced within the deep ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- David González-Santana
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France; Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Alastair J M Lough
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Alessandro Tagliabue
- Department of Earth Ocean and Ecological Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Maeve C Lohan
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
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19
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Rozanski R, Eme D, Boiron Leroy A, Rufino MM, Albouy C. A multispecies, intraspecific functional traits data set on fish species from the Bay of Biscay, France. Ecology 2023; 104:e3924. [PMID: 36416055 PMCID: PMC10078498 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The global biodiversity crisis due to anthropogenic pressures jeopardizes marine ecosystem functioning and services. Community responses to these environmental changes can be assessed through functional diversity, a biodiversity component related to organism-environment interactions, and estimated through biological traits related to organism functions (locomotion, feeding mode, and reproduction). Fish play a key role in marine systems functioning and supply proteins for billions of humans worldwide, yet most of the knowledge is limited to several commercial species and little is known about the intraspecific variability of their functional traits. The data provided here consist of 867 records of individuals from 85 species of ray-finned (Actinopterygii) and cartilaginous (Chondrichthyes) fish sampled in the Bay of Biscay (Atlantic, France) between autumn 2017 and 2019. We provided for each individual the taxonomic classification, 16 ecomorphological measures (5 directly made on fresh individuals and 11 realized using individual pictures) that were converted into nine ecomorphological traits classically documented in the literature (biomass, protrusion, oral gape shape, surface and position, eye size and position, body transversal shape and surface, pectoral fin position and caudal peduncle throttling) and eight life history traits obtained from FishBase (maximum length, average depth, depth range, trophic level, reproduction mode, fertilization mode, parental care, vertical position in the water column). These traits document several functions such as dispersion, feeding mode, habitat use, position in the food web, and reproduction. To improve the development of new traits, we provided a picture of each individual with an ROI file containing the different morpho-anatomical measures made using "ImageJ" software and an R function to extract them. In addition, we provided the metadata from each sampling site (years, dates, stations, sampling hours, strata, gears, latitudes, longitudes, and depths) and environmental variables measured in situ (conductivity, salinity, water temperature, water density, and air temperature). This data set accounting for the intraspecific variability among 85 fish species is of interest to better understand the effects of environmental forcing in a global change context as in the Bay of Biscay, a highly fished transition zone harboring mixed assemblages of boreal, temperate, and subtropical fish species that are susceptible to display variability in functional trait to adapt to changing conditions. The data set is freely available without copyright restrictions; users should cite this paper in research products (publications, presentations, reports, etc.) derived from the data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romane Rozanski
- Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), IFREMER, INRAE, Institut Agro - Agrocampus Ouest, Nantes, France.,Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - David Eme
- DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), IFREMER, INRAE, Institut Agro - Agrocampus Ouest, Nantes, France.,RiverLY Research Unit, National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE), Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Marta M Rufino
- Division of Modeling and Management of Fisheries Resources, IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Sea and the Atmosphere, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences, CEAUL, Centre of Statistics and its Applications of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Camille Albouy
- Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), IFREMER, INRAE, Institut Agro - Agrocampus Ouest, Nantes, France.,Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Santos R, Peixoto UI, Casal-Ribeiro M, Medeiros-Leal W. Complementary Role of Fishers' Experiential Knowledge to Conventional Science in Terms of Species-Specific Biological Traits and Population Changes in Azorean Waters. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:biology12020194. [PMID: 36829473 PMCID: PMC9953022 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Combining scientific information with fishers' perceptions may be a robust approach for directing decision-makers working with marine ecosystems. This is particularly the case when baseline data on a vulnerable stock are poor, as the integration of fishers' experiential knowledge can help fill data gaps, as well as inform legitimate management actions, and empower fishing communities in resource management. This study aimed to analyze fishers' knowledge regarding the biology (reproduction, growth, and maximum size) and temporal changes in the abundance and size of six commercially important marine species (red porgy Pagrus pagrus, veined squid Loligo forbesii, blue jack mackerel Trachurus picturatus, blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo, blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus, and European conger Conger conger) in the Azores small-scale communities. Additionally, a comparison between fishers' knowledge and available scientific information was performed to determine the former's value and its possible complementarity with the latter. A total of 105 fishers were surveyed in the nine islands of the archipelago. The results demonstrated a reasonable level of agreement between the information from fishers and scientific literature on the species-specific spawning seasons and growth rates. The median values of size at maturity and maximum length were not statistically different between data sources. Most participants indicated size and abundance trends that were consistent with the literature. This study highlights the usefulness of fishers' perceptions in improving knowledge about species characteristics and temporal changes in commercially exploited stocks, especially when scientific research is limited, but further research should be encouraged to improve the reliability and consistency of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Santos
- Institute of Marine Sciences—Okeanos, University of the Azores, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, 4, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-29220-0400
| | - Ualerson Iran Peixoto
- Institute of Marine Sciences—Okeanos, University of the Azores, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, 4, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
- Institute of Marine Research—IMAR, University of the Azores, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, 4, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Morgan Casal-Ribeiro
- Institute of Marine Sciences—Okeanos, University of the Azores, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, 4, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
- Institute of Marine Research—IMAR, University of the Azores, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, 4, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Wendell Medeiros-Leal
- Institute of Marine Sciences—Okeanos, University of the Azores, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, 4, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
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Schiwitza S, Spruck C, Nitsche F. Biogeographical distribution of Hartaetosiga strains (Choanoflagellatea, Craspedida, Salpingoecidae) including morphological and transcriptomic data from a transect across the Atlantic Ocean. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2023; 70:e12933. [PMID: 35762918 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The genus Hartaetosiga Carr, Richter and Nitsche, 2017 comprised up to now only three species, H. gracilis (Kent) Carr, Richter, Nitsche, 2017, H. balthica (Wylezich and Karpov) Carr, Richter and Nitsche, 2017 and H. minima (Wylezich and Karpov) Carr, Richter and Nitsche, 2017. Based on distinct molecular data these species were relocated from the strictly freshwater genus Codosiga (Ehrenberg) Bütschli, 1878 to a new genus comprising brackish and marine species. During the cruise MSM82/2 across the Atlantic Ocean in 2019, surface water samples were taken from 15 stations along a transect ranging from 35°S to 23°N. We were able to isolate and cultivate 14 strains of the genus Hartaetosiga. Morphometric data showed no distinct morphological traits allowing for a species delineation, indicating a cryptic species complex within the genus. Based on cultivation, morphological data, and molecular analyses, we recorded H. gracilis for the first time from off-shelf waters of the Atlantic Ocean and could describe a new species, H. australis n. sp. This new species was recorded from sampling stations in the Southern Hemisphere only, which may indicate a potential biogeographic restriction likely caused by the Equatorial Counter Current (ECC), dividing the northern and southern surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schiwitza
- Cologne Biocenter, Institute of Zoology, General Ecology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane Spruck
- Cologne Biocenter, Institute of Zoology, General Ecology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Nitsche
- Cologne Biocenter, Institute of Zoology, General Ecology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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22
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Pereira R, Rodrigues SM, Silva D, Freitas V, Almeida CMR, Ramos S. Microplastic contamination in large migratory fishes collected in the open Atlantic Ocean. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 186:114454. [PMID: 36493521 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fishes are one of the most important components of the oceans and are exposed to several anthropogenic pressures, namely microplastic (MP), contaminants that are now ubiquitous worldwide. Taking advantage of the 2020 Circumnavigation Expedition carried by the NRP Sagres tall ship of the Portuguese Navy, fish samples from the southern Atlantic ocean were collected to evaluate possible MP contamination. In a total of 14 weeks of campaign, seven large migratory fishes of commercial interest were collected across the middle Atlantic Ocean and along the South American Atlantic coast. All individuals were contaminated with MPs, with an average of 18 ± 11 MPs/fish. In all fish sampled, both the gastrointestinal tract and gills presented MPs, indicating different contamination pathways including via their preys and from surrounding water, respectively. A total of 124 MPs were observed, where 72 % were fibers and 28 % particles, mostly of blue color (85 %), and with rayon and nylon as the most abundant polymers. This study is an important contribution to increase the scientific knowledge of MP contamination in mesopelagic fishes used for human consumption and collected in the open waters, reinforcing the need for further research regarding MP contamination in top predatory species from high trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúben Pereira
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sabrina M Rodrigues
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Silva
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Vânia Freitas
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - C Marisa R Almeida
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal; Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Ramos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal
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Schubart CD, Deli T, Mancinelli G, Cilenti L, Gil Fernández A, Falco S, Berger S. Phylogeography of the Atlantic Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus (Brachyura: Portunidae) in the Americas versus the Mediterranean Sea: Determining Origins and Genetic Connectivity of a Large-Scale Invasion. Biology (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36671728 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The American blue crab Callinectes sapidus is a particularly successful invader in estuarine ecosystems worldwide. Despite increasing awareness of its potential harm, the invasion history and underlying genetic diversity of this species within the Mediterranean Sea remain unknown. This study constitutes the first large-scale approach to study phylogeographic patterns of C. sapidus in Europe, facilitated by the first comparison of all currently available COI sequence data. For this investigation, 71 individuals of C. sapidus were newly analyzed and the entire COI gene was sequenced and used for a comparative phylogeographic analyses. For the first time, two separately used adjacent regions of this gene were combined in a single dataset. This allowed emphasizing the prevalence of three geographically defined lineages within the native range: (1) eastern North America, including the Gulf of Mexico, (2) the Caribbean, and (3) Brazil. New data from the Mediterranean reveal that non-native populations of C. sapidus are characterized by a conspicuously low genetic diversity (except for Turkey, where stocking took place), and that there is surprisingly low connectivity among established populations. The occurrence of strong genetic bottlenecks suggests few founder individuals. This confirms that, even under a scenario of restricted large-scale gene flow, a very limited number of invasive individuals is sufficient for a massive impact.
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Aquino R, Noriega C, Mascarenhas A, Costa M, Monteiro S, Santana L, Silva I, Prestes Y, Araujo M, Rollnic M. Possible Amazonian contribution to Sargassum enhancement on the Amazon Continental Shelf. Sci Total Environ 2022; 853:158432. [PMID: 36057308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Amazon Continental Shelf (ACS) has a coastline of ∼1000 km and is situated in a humid equatorial region with two distinct seasons, wet and dry, and two transitional climatic periods. A total of eight oceanographic cruises were conducted to investigate the dynamics of the inorganic nutrients dissolved in the surface layer of the water column of the ACS and their associations with Sargassum blooms. An excess of nitrogen-N* (NH4+ = 0.01-9.30 μmol l-1) was verified through the salinity gradient from the continent to the ACS, mainly during the period of maximum discharge of the Amazon and Tocantins-Pará rivers. The highest NH4+ concentrations coincided with the occurrence of macrophyte (Sargassum sp.) blooms in the mesohaline and oceanic regions. During this period the high values of NH4+ accompany the low values of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS), indicating the advection of the Amazonian plume towards the Caribbean Sea. In the Sargassum belts we observed a N:P ratio = 60:1 during wet period, while outside this region, the N:P ratio was 34:1. According to DIN vs. AOU ratio, we observed that heterotrophic processes prevail over productive processes, mainly in the mesohaline and low salinity regions. Nitrogen concentrations from runoff, mainly from hydrographic basins, showed significant increases in the last decade, mainly due to anthropogenic factors such as agriculture, deforestation, livestock, urban sewage (domestic and industrial), and demographic growth of the population in the Tocantins-Pará Basin. Additionally, associations of diatoms and cyanobacteria provide more nitrogen in the mesohaline and oceanic regions that nourishes Sargassum blooms. Seasonal comparisons (October and April) of Sargassum belts with other studies, indicated that currents play a fundamental role in the transport of these macrophytes from the east edge (Africa) to the west edge (Brazil and French Guiana) towards the Caribbean Sea in the tropical Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Aquino
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Carlos Noriega
- Laboratório de Oceanografia Física Estuarina e Costeira (LOFEC), Departamento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (DOCEAN/UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil; Brazilian Research network on Global Climate Change (Rede CLIMA), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Angela Mascarenhas
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Costa
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Sury Monteiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Leandro Santana
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Iranilson Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Yuri Prestes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Moacyr Araujo
- Laboratório de Oceanografia Física Estuarina e Costeira (LOFEC), Departamento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (DOCEAN/UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil; Brazilian Research network on Global Climate Change (Rede CLIMA), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rollnic
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Montoto-Martínez T, Meléndez-Díez C, Melián-Ramírez A, Hernández-Brito JJ, Gelado-Caballero MD. Comparison between the traditional Manta net and an innovative device for microplastic sampling in surface marine waters. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 185:114237. [PMID: 36283151 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Manta nets are commonly used for microplastics sampling although a number of limitations have emerged. In this study we compare the manta net to an innovative microplastic sampler, referred to as MuMi, registered as utility model. The results highlight the large variability that can exist in the outcomes of the different studies due to the lack of harmonization between methods and the differing factors such as sampling mesh size, representativeness or reproducibility of the sampling volumes. Control over the filtered volume is an issue to be improved in trawl sampling methods, while in the MuMi sampler the control over the sampling depth could be improved. Still, MuMi represents a highly advantageous sampling system in terms of ease of operation, lower cost, smaller microplastics target size and greater precision, all while maintaining the representativeness of the collected samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Montoto-Martínez
- Environmental Technologies, Management and Biogeochemistry Research Group, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Carmen Meléndez-Díez
- FarFalle Project, Science On Board, Scientific Tourism in the Canary Islands. Spain.
| | - Abisai Melián-Ramírez
- Environmental Technologies, Management and Biogeochemistry Research Group, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - José Joaquín Hernández-Brito
- Environmental Technologies, Management and Biogeochemistry Research Group, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain; Oceanic Platform of the Canary Islands, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Mª Dolores Gelado-Caballero
- Environmental Technologies, Management and Biogeochemistry Research Group, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.
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Nascimento RL, Alves PR, Di Domenico M, Braga AA, de Paiva PC, D'Azeredo Orlando MT, Sant'Ana Cavichini A, Longhini CM, Martins CC, Neto RR, Grilo CF, Oliveira KSS, da Silva Quaresma V, Costa ES, Cagnin RC, da Silva CA, Sá F, de Lourdes Longo L. The Fundão dam failure: Iron ore tailing impact on marine benthic macrofauna. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156205. [PMID: 35623525 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Fundão dam failure, the worst environmental disaster in Brazilian history, launched 50 million m3 of iron ore tailings mud through the Doce River, reaching the Atlantic Ocean. Generally, mine tailings increase the sediment inflow, leading to mud burial of epibenthic macrofauna, and the raise of metal(oid)s concentration causing macrofauna long-term changes. After almost four years, tailings mud was still spreading on the Doce River Shelf, while impacts on marine macrofauna were still unknown. Herein, the IMS index (a tracer of Fundão dam tailings mud), sediment variables, organic pollutants, and metal(oid)s were integrated to uncover the drives of macrofauna structure from Costas da Algas to Abrolhos bank MPAs. Tailings mud was present only in Doce River Mouth and Degredo, organic pollutants and metal(oid)s above safety levels were concentrated in those same areas. Tailings mud (IMS index) drastically reduced species richness and diversity, favoring the abundance of opportunistic species. Mud, IMS index and Al, Ba, and V, metal(oid)s linked to dam failure, structured macrofauna composition in this impacted area, dominated by resistant groups as Nuculidae, Spionidae, and Magelonidae. Conversely, an opposite pattern was found for further and deeper sites with high CaCO3 content and total nitrogen that also showed large grain size, in areas known to harbour biogenic structures, sustaining a macrofauna composition distinct from the impacted areas, dominated by Syllidae and Crassatellidae, sensitives to impacts. Macrofauna composition was most structured by sediment variables, followed by the intersection between metal(oid)s-IMS and Mud, both gradients acting almost entirely on a broad spatial scale. Benthic macrofauna at the Doce River Shelf is still impacted by Fundão dam tailings mud, even after almost four years of the disaster, and may continue to, since the influx of tailings does not stop, and sediment resuspension is a recurrent source for those impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Leandro Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, ES, Brazil; Laboratório de Macroinvertebrados Bentônicos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, ES, Brazil; Laboratório de Invertebrados Marinho (LabinMar), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Maikon Di Domenico
- Centro de Estudos do Mar Universidade Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Adriane Araújo Braga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, ES, Brazil; Laboratório de Invertebrados Marinho (LabinMar), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Paulo César de Paiva
- Laboratório de Polychaeta, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Tadeu D'Azeredo Orlando
- Laboratório de Geociências Marinhas, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Athur Sant'Ana Cavichini
- Laboratório de Geociências Marinhas, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Cybelle Menolli Longhini
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Ambiental e Poluição Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar Universidade Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Renato Rodrigues Neto
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Ambiental e Poluição Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Fiório Grilo
- Laboratório de Geociências Marinhas, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Valeria da Silva Quaresma
- Laboratório de Geociências Marinhas, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Costa
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Ambiental e Poluição Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Renata Caiado Cagnin
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Ambiental e Poluição Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Cesar Alexandro da Silva
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Ambiental e Poluição Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Fabian Sá
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Ambiental e Poluição Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Leila de Lourdes Longo
- Laboratório de Macroinvertebrados Bentônicos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil.
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Luz R, Cordeiro R, Fonseca A, Raposeiro PM, Gonçalves V. Distribution and diversity of cyanobacteria in the Azores Archipelago: An annotated checklist. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e87638. [PMID: 36761623 PMCID: PMC9848483 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e87638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge about cyanobacteria diversity in the Azores is spread over several publications, dating from 1874, with some of them not generally available to the scientific community due to their restricted access. The dispersion and sometimes inaccessibility of this information hinder a deeper analysis and a better understanding of the biodiversity of the Azores Islands and more general ecological processes in oceanic islands. Here we present the first checklist of cyanobacteria for the Azores Archipelago with updated taxonomy of all recorded taxa. New information This work provides a compiled and annotated checklist of all known cyanobacteria from the Azores Archipelago with morphological identification from preserved samples and cultures, based on published literature. All records of taxa known to occur in the Azores were taxonomically updated. The present checklist comprises 225 taxa distributed by six orders (Chroococcales, Nostocales, Oscillatoriales, Pleurocapsales, Spirulinales and Synechococcales). Our literature review reveals that the Azores Archipelago hosts a high diversity of cyanobacteria, despite several overlooked habitats that may present great potential regarding cyanobacteria diversity. Increasing efforts to study these neglected habitats could contribute to the knowledge of cyanobacteria taxonomy. This checklist provides the basis for future works on the taxonomy and taxa richness of cyanobacteria in the Azores and the Atlantic Islands, as also for understanding and monitoring non-indigenous and invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúben Luz
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, PortugalCIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos AçoresPonta DelgadaPortugal,Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, PortugalFaculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos AçoresPonta DelgadaPortugal
| | - Rita Cordeiro
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, PortugalCIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos AçoresPonta DelgadaPortugal,Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, PortugalFaculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos AçoresPonta DelgadaPortugal
| | - Amélia Fonseca
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, PortugalCIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos AçoresPonta DelgadaPortugal,Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, PortugalFaculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos AçoresPonta DelgadaPortugal
| | - Pedro Miguel Raposeiro
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, PortugalCIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos AçoresPonta DelgadaPortugal,Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, PortugalFaculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos AçoresPonta DelgadaPortugal
| | - Vítor Gonçalves
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, PortugalCIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos AçoresPonta DelgadaPortugal,Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, PortugalFaculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos AçoresPonta DelgadaPortugal
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Maia ML, Paíga P, Ramalhosa MJ, Delerue-Matos C, Calhau C, Domingues VF. Seasonal and Spatial Comparison of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Among Decapod Shrimp from Coastal Portugal. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2022; 109:511-517. [PMID: 35676382 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous global pollutants that are lipophilic, bioaccumulative and can be both endocrine disruptors and carcinogens. In this study, we measured 18 PAHs among decapod shrimp samples (Palaemon spp.) collected during the spring and autumn from multiple locations along the Portuguese coastal, including local markets and aquaculture farms. ΣPAH concentrations in samples ranged from 3.14 to 320.48 ng/g (ww) with the highest value in this range detected in a sample provided from an aquaculture facility. Fifteen of the 18 scanned PAHs were present in shrimp samples. However, detectable concentrations (0.07 ng/g ww) of the carcinogenic benzo-a-pyrene occurred for a single sample only and approached method detection limits. No significant differences in shrimp ΣPAH concentrations were evident between the spring and autumn seasons. Target hazard quotient estimation suggested low probability of adverse health effects to consumers through consumption of shrimp from the study collection locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luz Maia
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paíga
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Ramalhosa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
- Nutrição e Metabolismo NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Valentina Fernandes Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
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29
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Leal CV, Avelino-Alves D, Salazar V, Omachi C, Thompson C, Berlinck RGS, Hajdu E, Thompson F. Sponges present a core prokaryotic community stable across Tropical Western Atlantic. Sci Total Environ 2022; 835:155145. [PMID: 35429557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sponges are among the earliest lineages of metazoans, with first fossil records dated back to 890 million years ago. All sponge species present associations with microorganisms to some extension, which influence sponges' survival and adaptation. Sponge species can be divided into two categories, Low Microbial Abundance and High Microbial Abundance, depending on the abundance of the microbial community that they host. Monanchora arbuscula (a Low Microbial Abundance sponge species) and Xestospongia muta (a High Microbial Abundance sponge species) are sponges with widespread distribution in the Tropical Western Atlantic. Despite previous studies on the major features of these species, little is known whether M. arcuscula and X. muta prokaryotic communities are stable across vast geographic regions. We obtained a total of ~9.26 million 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequences for M. arbuscula samples collected at seven locations and for X. muta samples collected at three locations, corresponding to five ecoregions of the Caribbean and the Southwestern Atlantic (N = 105, 39 from M. arcuscula and 66 from X. muta). These samples reflected different ecological strategies for prokaryotic communities assembly, since the core prokaryotic communities of M. arbuscula are more heterotrophic and shared with different sources (corals, sponges, seawater, sediments), while X. muta has more significant photosynthetic prokaryotic communities, mainly outsourced from other sponges. Results of M. arbuscula and X. muta prokaryotic communities analysis demonstrate that both sponge species have core prokaryotic communities stable across a vast geographic area (> 8000 km), and the world's most notable coastal marine biogeographic filter, the Amazon River Mouth, in spite of the significant differences found among transient prokaryotic communities of both sponge species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille V Leal
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; SAGE-COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Dhara Avelino-Alves
- Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Salazar
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; SAGE-COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudia Omachi
- Laboratório de Indicadores Ambientais, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; SAGE-COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Hajdu
- Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; SAGE-COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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30
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Pollet IL, Provencher JF, McFarlane Tranquilla L, Burgess NM, Mallory ML. Mercury levels in North Atlantic seabirds: A synthesis. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 181:113884. [PMID: 35809474 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is globally-distributed, with severe toxic effects on wildlife. Methylmercury biomagnifies within food webs, so long-lived, top predators such as seabirds are prone to high mercury concentrations. We synthesized historical and contemporary data on mercury concentrations in seabirds from the North Atlantic. We collected 614 values determined from 39 species and 115 locations, ranging from 1895 to 1940 and from 1970 to 2020. Highest blood-equivalent Hg values were in Phalacrocoracidae. For the same species/tissue/collection site, blood-equivalent values were lower during pre-1940 than post-1970 period. In almost 5 % of post-1970 values, mean blood-equivalent Hg concentrations were above those considered to pose severe risks of adverse effects, and 21 % were above the high-risk effect. We found an imbalance in sample effort and did not find Hg values for many species. We argue that stronger, trans-Atlantic Hg monitoring schemes are required to coordinate research and better compare trends across a wide scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid L Pollet
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada; Birds Canada, 43 Main Street, Sackville, NB E4L 1G6, Canada.
| | - Jennifer F Provencher
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada
| | | | - Neil M Burgess
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 6 Bruce Street, Mount Pearl, NL A1N 4T3, Canada
| | - Mark L Mallory
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
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31
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Martins NT, Cassano V, Gurgel CFD. Phylogeography of Colpomenia sinuosa (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) along the Brazilian coast. J Phycol 2022; 58:543-554. [PMID: 35545902 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Colpomenia sinuosa is a cosmopolitan brown macroalgal species complex and hence a great candidate for evolutionary studies in the marine environment. Since 2009, three major C. sinuosa phylogenetic lineages, subdivided into eight subgroups, have been identified based on cox3 DNA sequences from worldwide collections. However, worldwide sampling remains limited and spotty. To date molecular data from Brazilian C. sinuosa populations have been limited to 10 specimens collected in a single locality. Nonetheless, C. sinuosa populations occur along the entire ~8,000 km Brazilian coast. Consequently, knowledge on population genetic diversity and spatial genetic structuring along most of the Brazilian coastline is nonexistent. To fulfill this gap in knowledge, we performed a phylogeographic analysis of C. sinuosa populations in Brazil. The highly variable cox3 marker was sequenced for 148 individuals collected in 12 localities in Brazil. Results identified two genetically distinct population groups (north vs. south) separated at 20.5° S latitude. Genetic diversity in northern populations is 14.6 and 15.5 times greater than southern populations in terms of haplotype and nucleotide diversity, respectively. Among northern populations, the Bahia state holds the largest genetic diversity. The southern populations had lower genetic diversity and no internal genetic sub-structure suggesting past bottlenecks followed by recent colonization from northern haplotypes. Our results do not indicate recent introductions of foreign haplotypes in Brazil and reinforce the crucial importance of historical and extant allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric processes driving marine macroalgal evolution in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Tavares Martins
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Valéria Cassano
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Deluqui Gurgel
- NUPEM - Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, 27965-045, Brazil
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Espino F, González JA, Bosch NE, Otero-Ferrer FJ, Haroun R, Tuya F. Distribution and population structure of the smooth-hound shark, Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758), across an oceanic archipelago: Combining several data sources to promote conservation. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9098. [PMID: 35845375 PMCID: PMC9277611 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sharks play a key role in the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems. More ecological information is essential to implement responsible management and conservation actions on this fauna, particularly at a regional level for threatened species. Mustelus mustelus is widely found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and catalogued as “Vulnerable” by the IUCN European assessment. In this study, data on the distribution and population structure of this species across the islands of the Canarian archipelago, located along an east to west gradient in the north‐eastern Atlantic, were collected by taking advantage of “Local Ecological Knowledge,” in terms of sightings in coastal waters and long‐term imprints on the local gastronomic heritage, and decadal fisheries landings. Both sources of quantitative data (sightings and fisheries landings) demonstrated that adults of M. mustelus has a significantly larger presence in the eastern and central, than in the western islands of the archipelago. This is also reflected on local gastronomic legacies, with a larger number of recipes in the eastern and central islands. Adult smooth‐hound sharks were significantly more observed in sandy and sandy‐rocky bottoms, with individuals seen throughout the entire year, whereas juveniles aggregate on very shallow waters in spring and summer. Such aggregations require a special management strategy, as they play a key role in critical life stages; these sites should be protected from human perturbations. We also suggest a temporal fishing ban between April and October, when individuals tend to concentrate on nearshore waters. Because of the large differences in presence of this shark among the Canary Islands, management of the species should be adapted to the specific peculiarities of each island, rather than adopting a management policy at the entire archipelago‐scale. Overall, this study sets the basis for further investigation to promote conservation of this vulnerable shark in the study region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Espino
- Research Group in Biodiversity and Conservation, IU-ECOAQUA, Scientific and Technological Marine Park Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Telde Canary Islands Spain
| | - José Antonio González
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Marina Aplicada y Pesquerías, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Canary Islands Spain
| | - Néstor E Bosch
- The UWA Oceans Institute, School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Francisco J Otero-Ferrer
- Research Group in Biodiversity and Conservation, IU-ECOAQUA, Scientific and Technological Marine Park Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Telde Canary Islands Spain
| | - Ricardo Haroun
- Research Group in Biodiversity and Conservation, IU-ECOAQUA, Scientific and Technological Marine Park Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Telde Canary Islands Spain
| | - Fernando Tuya
- Research Group in Biodiversity and Conservation, IU-ECOAQUA, Scientific and Technological Marine Park Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Telde Canary Islands Spain
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33
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Seidel M, Vemulapalli SPB, Mathieu D, Dittmar T. Marine Dissolved Organic Matter Shares Thousands of Molecular Formulae Yet Differs Structurally across Major Water Masses. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:3758-3769. [PMID: 35213127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Most oceanic dissolved organic matter (DOM) is still not fully molecularly characterized. We combined high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, FT-ICR-MS) for the structural and molecular formula-level characterization of solid-phase extracted (SPE) DOM from surface, mesopelagic, and bathypelagic Atlantic and Pacific Ocean samples. Using a MicroCryoProbe, unprecedented low amounts of SPE-DOM (∼1 mg carbon) were sufficient for two-dimensional NMR analysis. Low proportions of olefinic and aromatic relative to aliphatic and carboxylated structures (NMR) at the sea surface were likely related to photochemical transformations. This was consistent with lower molecular masses and higher degrees of saturation and oxygenation (FT-ICR-MS) compared to those of the deep sea. Carbohydrate structures in the mesopelagic North Pacific Ocean suggest export and release from sinking particles. In our sample set, the universal molecular DOM composition, as captured by FT-ICR-MS, appears to be structurally more diverse when analyzed by NMR, suggesting DOM variability across oceanic provinces to be more pronounced than previously assumed. As a proof of concept, our study takes advantage of new complementary approaches resolving thousands of structural and molecular DOM features while applying reasonable instrument times, allowing for the analysis of large oceanic data sets to increase our understanding of marine DOM biogeochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seidel
- Research Group for Marine Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sahithya Phani Babu Vemulapalli
- Research Group for Marine Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Mathieu
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, NMR Applications, Bruker BioSpin GmbH, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Research Group for Marine Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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Joung D, Ruppel C, Southon J, Kessler JD. Elevated levels of radiocarbon in methane dissolved in seawater reveal likely local contamination from nuclear powered vessels. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150456. [PMID: 34607100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the natural radiocarbon content of methane (14C-CH4) dissolved in seawater and freshwater have been used to investigate sources and dynamics of methane. However, during investigations along the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic Ocean Margins of the United States, as well as in the North American Great Lakes, some samples revealed highly elevated 14C-CH4 values, as much as 4-5 times above contemporary atmospheric 14C-CH4 levels. Natural production of the 14CH4 isotopologue is too low to cause these observations nor can it explain the variations in location and depth. Numerous lab and field validation tests and blanks, as well as the relatively small number of samples that display these elevated values, all suggest that these signals are not derived from an unknown procedural issue. Here we suggest that the byproducts of nuclear power generation include localized discharges of the 14CH4 isotopologue into marine and aquatic environments, severely altering the measured 14C-CH4 isotopic signals. Since several of our sample sites are distant from on-land nuclear powerplants, we conduct further calculations concluding that the most elevated anomalies in 14C-CH4 likely originate with discharge from nuclear-powered vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- DongJoo Joung
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, 227 Hutchison Hall, P.O. Box 270221, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
| | - Carolyn Ruppel
- U.S. Geological Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd. Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - John Southon
- Earth System Science Department, University of California, Irvine, 215 Aldrich Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - John D Kessler
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, 227 Hutchison Hall, P.O. Box 270221, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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35
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Turner A, Ostle C, Wootton M. Occurrence and chemical characteristics of microplastic paint flakes in the North Atlantic Ocean. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150375. [PMID: 34563907 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-fibrous microplastics sampled by the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) Survey throughout the North Atlantic Ocean during 2018 have been recorded and a selection (n = 17, or 16.7%) physically and chemically characterised. The average abundance of non-fibrous particles captured by the plankton silks and detectable by microscopy was estimated to be around 0.01 m-3, with the highest concentrations evident in shelf seas of northwest Europe. Amongst the samples analysed, median size was 180 μm and, based on visible properties (e.g., brittleness, layering) and infra-red spectra, all but one were identified as flakes of paint. Semi-quantitative analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with a collimated beam revealed that six flakes from European shelf seas were Cu-based antifouling formulations (without evidence of organo-Sn compounds), and five with a broader geographical distribution were Pb-based formulations of likely marine origin. Other elements regularly detected included Cr, Fe, Ti and Zn that were present in pigments or as contaminants from the underlying substrate. After fibres, paint flakes appear to be the most abundant type of microplastic in the oceans that, because of the abundance and mobility of metallic additives, deserve closer scientific attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Clare Ostle
- The Marine Biological Association (MBA), The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Marianne Wootton
- The Marine Biological Association (MBA), The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
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36
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Piontkovski SA, Serikova IM. Fading bioluminescence of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:514-519. [PMID: 34994067 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence intensity acts as the indicator of the functional state of a plankton community. Data on bioluminescence intensity, zooplankton biomass, and chlorophyll a from the expeditions to the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean were analyzed. The regression models implied a ~10-fold decline of bioluminescence intensity [bioluminescence potential (BP)] and zooplankton biomass for the 46 year time range from 1970 to 2016. The correlation was low between chlorophyll a (the indicator of phytoplankton biomass) and BP, but it was significant for the zooplankton biomass BP annual time series. The decline of BP was associated with the decreasing abundance of bioluminescent zooplankton, and increasing global warming-driven temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina M Serikova
- A.O.Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russia
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Ellrich JA, Ehlers SM. Field observations in pebble beach habitats link plastiglomerate to pyroplastic via pebble clasts. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 174:113187. [PMID: 34864469 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastiglomerate and pyroplastic are two novel plastic debris forms that were originally discovered on sandy beaches in Hawaii and the UK, respectively. While plastiglomerate consists of plastic melted together with rocks or pebbles, pyroplastic is melted plastic. Although both plastic debris forms were related to campfires, it is unclear whether they are related to each other. Also, plastiglomerate and pyroplastic records from other shore types are missing. Therefore, we surveyed pebble beach habitats in Madeira Island (Atlantic Ocean) for plastiglomerate and pyroplastic. We detected one plastiglomerate (PG1, including a pebble) and four pyroplastics (PP1-4). While PP2-4 consisted of polypropylene, PG1 and PP1 consisted of polyethylene and polypropylene. Furthermore, PG1 and PP1 included previously undescribed pebble shaped clasts that unequivocally linked plastiglomerate to pyroplastic. Thereby, our findings provide the first record of plastiglomerate and pyroplastic from pebble beach habitats worldwide and establish the link between these two novel plastic debris forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius A Ellrich
- Independent Researcher, Hohenzollernstraße 114, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Sonja M Ehlers
- Department of Animal Ecology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, 56068 Koblenz, Germany; Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, 56070 Koblenz, Germany.
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Moravec F, Bakenhaster MD. Two New Species of Philometrid Nematodes (Philometridae), Barracudia Notabilis n. sp. and Philometra Consimilis n. sp., from the Ovary of the Hound Needlefish Tylosurus Crocodilus (Belonidae) Off Florida, USA. Helminthologia 2021; 58:271-80. [PMID: 34934390 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new species of philometrid nematodes (Philometridae), Barracudia notabilis n. sp. and Philometra consimilis n. sp., are described from males found in the ovary of the hound needlefish Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron et Lesueur) (Belonidae) from off the Atlantic coast of Florida, USA. Both species are described and illustrated based on light and scanning electron microscopical examinations. Barracudia notabilis n. sp., the first representative of this genus from fishes in the Atlantic Ocean, can be differentiated from other congeners by the body length of the male (2.69 mm), the length of the gubernaculum (57 μm) and spicules (81 μm), and by the shape of the gubernaculum. Philometra consimilis n. sp. differs from all congeners mainly in the unique structure of the distal tip of the gubernaculum (bearing two smooth dorsal barbs) and the species is also characterized by the length of spicules (111 μm) and the length of the gubernaculum (84 μm). Further studies are needed to discover and describe so far unknown gravid females of Barracudia spp.
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Renaguli A, Fernando S, Holsen TM, Hopke PK, Adams DH, Balazs GH, Jones TT, Work TM, Lynch JM, Crimmins BS. Characterization of Halogenated Organic Compounds in Pelagic Sharks and Sea Turtles Using a Nontargeted Approach. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:16390-16401. [PMID: 34846854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) in marine species collected from the Atlantic Ocean [3 shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) and 1 porbeagle (Lamna nasus)], and 12 sea turtles collected from the Pacific Ocean [3 loggerhead (Caretta caretta), 3 green (Chelonia mydas), 3 olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea), and 3 hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata)] were analyzed with a nontargeted analytical method using two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Sharks and sea turtles had distinct HOC profiles. Halogenated methoxyphenols (halo-MeOPs) were the most abundant compound class identified in sea turtle livers, while polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were the most abundant in shark livers. In addition to legacy contaminants and halo-MeOPs, a total of 110 nontargeted/novel HOCs (NHOCs) were observed in the shark livers. Shortfin mako collected from the northern Gulf of Mexico contained the largest number (89) and most diverse structural classes of NHOCs. Among all NHOCs, a group of compounds with the elemental composition C14H12-nCln (n = 5-8) exhibited the highest concentrations, followed by chlorocarbazoles and tris(chlorophenyl) methanes (TCPMs). Using nontargeted workflows, a variety of known and unknown HOCs were observed, which demonstrate the need to develop more complete chemical profiles in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikebaier Renaguli
- Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Sujan Fernando
- Center for Air and Aquatic Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Thomas M Holsen
- Center for Air and Aquatic Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Center for Air and Aquatic Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Douglas H Adams
- Cape Canaveral Scientific Inc., 220 Surf Road, Melbourne Beach, Florida 32951, United States
| | - George H Balazs
- Golden Honu Services of Oceania, Honolulu, Hawaii 96825 United States
| | - T Todd Jones
- Golden Honu Services of Oceania, Honolulu, Hawaii 96825 United States
| | - Thierry M Work
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station, Honolulu, Hawaii 96818, United States
| | - Jennifer M Lynch
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, 41-202 Kalaniana'ole Highway Ste #9, Waima̅nalo, Hawai'i 96795, United States
- Center for Marine Debris Research, Hawai'i Pacific University, 41-202 Kalaniana'ole Highway Ste #9, Waima̅nalo, Hawai'i 96795, United States
| | - Bernard S Crimmins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
- AEACS, LLC, New Kensington, Pennsylvania 15068, United States
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Tuya F, Aguilar R, Espino F, Bosch NE, Meyers EKM, Jiménez‐Alvarado D, Castro JJ, Otero‐Ferrer F, Haroun R. Differences in the occurrence and abundance of batoids across an oceanic archipelago using complementary data sources: Implications for conservation. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:16704-16715. [PMID: 34938467 PMCID: PMC8668743 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Batoids, distributed from shallow to abyssal depths, are considerably vulnerable to anthropogenic threats. Data deficiencies on the distribution patterns of batoids, however, challenge their effective management and conservation. In this study, we took advantage of the particular geological and geomorphological configuration of the Canary Islands, across an east-to-west gradient in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, to assess whether patterns in the occurrence and abundance of batoids varied between groups of islands (western, central, and eastern). Data were collected from shallow (<40 m, via underwater visual counts and by a local community science program) and deep waters (60-700 m, via ROV deployments). Eleven species of batoids, assessed by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, were registered, including three "Critically Endangered" (Aetomylaeus bovinus, Dipturus batis, and Myliobatis aquila), three "Endangered" (Gymnura altavela, Mobula mobular, and Rostroraja alba), two "Vulnerable" (Dasyatis pastinaca and Raja maderenseis), and two "Data Deficient" (Taeniurops grabata and Torpedo marmorata). Also, a "Least Concern" species (Bathytoshia lata) was observed. Overall, batoids were ~1 to 2 orders of magnitude more abundant in the central and eastern islands, relative to the western islands. This pattern was consistent among the three sources of data and for both shallow and deep waters. This study, therefore, shows differences in the abundance of batoids across an oceanic archipelago, likely related to varying insular shelf area, availability of habitats, and proximity to the nearby continental (African) mass. Large variation in population abundances among islands suggests that "whole" archipelago management strategies are unlikely to provide adequate conservation. Instead, management plans should be adjusted individually per island and complemented with focused research to fill data gaps on the spatial use and movements of these iconic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Tuya
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y ConservaciónIU‐ECOAQUAUniversidad de Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas PalmasSpain
| | | | - Fernando Espino
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y ConservaciónIU‐ECOAQUAUniversidad de Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas PalmasSpain
| | - Nestor E. Bosch
- School of Biological SciencesOceans InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | - David Jiménez‐Alvarado
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y ConservaciónIU‐ECOAQUAUniversidad de Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas PalmasSpain
| | - Jose J. Castro
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y ConservaciónIU‐ECOAQUAUniversidad de Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas PalmasSpain
| | - Francisco Otero‐Ferrer
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y ConservaciónIU‐ECOAQUAUniversidad de Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas PalmasSpain
| | - Ricardo Haroun
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y ConservaciónIU‐ECOAQUAUniversidad de Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas PalmasSpain
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Solick DI, Newman CM. Oceanic records of North American bats and implications for offshore wind energy development in the United States. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:14433-14447. [PMID: 34765117 PMCID: PMC8571582 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Offshore wind energy is a growing industry in the United States, and renewable energy from offshore wind is estimated to double the country's total electricity generation. There is growing concern that land-based wind development in North America is negatively impacting bat populations, primarily long-distance migrating bats, but the impacts to bats from offshore wind energy are unknown. Bats are associated with the terrestrial environment, but have been observed over the ocean. In this review, we synthesize historic and contemporary accounts of bats observed and acoustically recorded in the North American marine environment to ascertain the spatial and temporal distribution of bats flying offshore. We incorporate studies of offshore bats in Europe and of bat behavior at land-based wind energy studies to examine how offshore wind development could impact North American bat populations. We find that most offshore bat records are of long-distance migrating bats and records occur during autumn migration, the period of highest fatality rates for long-distance migrating bats at land-based wind facilities in North America. We summarize evidence that bats may be attracted to offshore turbines, potentially increasing their exposure to risk of collision. However, higher wind speeds offshore can potentially reduce the amount of time that bats are exposed to risk. We identify knowledge gaps and hypothesize that a combination of operational minimization strategies may be the most effective approach for reducing impacts to bats and maximizing offshore energy production.
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Ryan PG, Weideman EA, Perold V, Hofmeyr G, Connan M. Message in a bottle: Assessing the sources and origins of beach litter to tackle marine pollution. Environ Pollut 2021; 288:117729. [PMID: 34245982 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Beaches are key attractions for tourism and recreation, and considerable effort is made to keep beaches clean, yet many beaches still have substantial litter loads. Lasting solutions to reduce the amounts of marine litter require an understanding of litter sources. We collected bottles and other single-use containers at 32 sites around the South African coast to infer their sources based on their age and country of manufacture. Bottle densities varied greatly among beaches (8-450 bottles·km-1), depending on proximity to local urban centres and beach cleaning frequency. Most bottles were plastic, despite well-developed recycling initiatives for PET and HDPE bottles in South Africa. Street litter was dominated by bottles made in South Africa (99%), but foreign-manufactured bottles comprised up to 74% of bottles at some beaches, with an increase from urban (4%) through semi-urban (24%) to remote beaches (45%). Most foreign bottles were PET drink bottles from China and other Asian countries, followed by South America and Europe, with little regional variation in the contribution from these sources. This fact, coupled with their recent manufacture dates (mainly <2 years old), indicates that most foreign PET drink bottles are dumped illegally from ships. By comparison, foreign HDPE bottles were more common along the southeast coast of South Africa than along the west coast, consistent with many of these bottles arriving by long-distance drift across the Indian Ocean from southeast Asia. The most common country of origin for these bottles was Indonesia, and most newly-arrived HDPE bottles were 4-6 years old. To tackle beach litter in South Africa we need to greatly reduce plastic leakage from land-based sources, both locally and in southeast Asia, as well as improve measures to prevent the illegal dumping of plastics and other persistent wastes from ships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.
| | - Eleanor A Weideman
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Vonica Perold
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Greg Hofmeyr
- Port Elizabeth Museum at Bayworld, Humewood, 6013, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Department of Zoology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Marine Apex Predator Research Unit, Nelson Mandela University, 6031, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Maëlle Connan
- Department of Zoology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Marine Apex Predator Research Unit, Nelson Mandela University, 6031, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
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Brix S, Held C, Kaiser S, Jennings RM, Driskell A, Brandt A. Evolution and phylogeny of the deep-sea isopod families Desmosomatidae Sars, 1897 and Nannoniscidae Hansen, 1916 (Isopoda: Asellota). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2021;:1-27. [PMID: 34658667 DOI: 10.1007/s13127-021-00509-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
In the deep sea, the phylogeny and biogeography of only a few taxa have been well studied. Although more than 200 species in 32 genera have been described for the asellote isopod families Desmosomatidae Sars, 1897 and Nannoniscidae Hansen, 1916 from all ocean basins, their phylogenetic relationships are not completely understood. There is little doubt about the close relationship of these families, but the taxonomic position of a number of genera is so far unknown. Based on a combined morphological phylogeny using the Hennigian method with a dataset of 107 described species and a molecular phylogeny based on three markers (COI, 16S, and 18S) with 75 species (most new to science), we could separate Desmosomatidae and Nannoniscidae as separate families. However, we could not support the concept of the subfamilies Eugerdellatinae Hessler, 1970 and Desmosomatinae Hessler, 1970. Most genera of both families were well supported, but several genera appear as para- or even polyphyletic. Within both families, convergent evolution and analogies caused difficulty in defining apomorphies for phylogenetic reconstructions and this is reflected in the results of the concatenated molecular tree. There is no biogeographic pattern in the distribution as the genera occur over the entire Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, showing no specific phylogeographical pattern. Poor resolution at deep desmosomatid nodes may reflect the long evolutionary history of the family and rapid evolutionary radiations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13127-021-00509-9.
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Dippenaar SM, Narváez K, Osaer F, Mangena T. Symbiotic Siphonostomatoida (Copepoda) of the hammerhead shark species Sphyrna zygaena (Carcharhiniformes: Sphyrnidae) and stingray Dasyatis pastinaca (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) off the Canary Islands, with a re-description of Pseudocharopinus pillaii Kabata, 1979. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3739-3747. [PMID: 34611723 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The biology, including accompanying ectoparasitic fauna, remains unstudied for several elasmobranchs off the Canary Islands in spite of concerns over their conservation. Within this region, this is the first report of copepod associations with these fishes. Twenty smooth hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna zygaena, and one common stingray, Dasyatis pastinaca, were inspected for symbionts on their body surface. Symbiotic siphonostomatoids were collected from 18 S. zygaena hosts and represent two different species, i.e., Alebion crassus (Caligidae) and Pandarus cranchii (Pandaridae). A high prevalence of 90% and a mean infection of 8.3 individuals per infected host were exhibited by A. crassus, while only a single P. cranchii was collected. Both these findings represent new geographical records. Additionally, one free-ranging common stingray Dasyatis pastinaca was opportunistically inspected and 11 Pseudocharopinus pillaii (Lernaeopodidae) collected which constitutes a new host record and a new geographical record. A re-description with detail regarding the morphology of the appendages is provided for the first time. Due to the morphological similarity between P. pillaii and P. malleus, a molecular analysis of the partial mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I gene was done in an attempt to determine if there is molecular divergence between the two species. This provided an estimate of the phylogenetic relationships amongst four Pseudocharopinus species (P. bicaudatus, P. pteromylaei, P. malleus, and P. pillaii) with Charopinus dubius as an outgroup as an alternative hypothesis to compare with the previous morphological topology estimated for all Pseudocharopinus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Dippenaar
- Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa.
| | - Kruspkaya Narváez
- ElasmoCan, Asociación Canaria Para la Investigación y Conservación de los Elasmobranquios, 35001, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Fundación Colombiana Para la Investigación y Conservación de Tiburones y Rayas, SQUALUS, Carrera 60A No 11-39, Cali, Colombia
| | - Filip Osaer
- ElasmoCan, Asociación Canaria Para la Investigación y Conservación de los Elasmobranquios, 35001, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,Fundación Colombiana Para la Investigación y Conservación de Tiburones y Rayas, SQUALUS, Carrera 60A No 11-39, Cali, Colombia
| | - Tshepo Mangena
- Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
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Bighetti GP, Padilha JA, Cunha LST, Kasper D, Malm O, Mancini PL. Bioaccumulation of mercury is equal between sexes but different by age in seabird (Sula leucogaster) population from southeast coast of Brazil. Environ Pollut 2021; 285:117222. [PMID: 33932760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since several seabird species have sexual size dimorphism, in which one sex is larger than the other, and may consume bigger prey, this size difference may affect the contamination concentration in the seabird's tissues depending on their sex and age. In this study, mercury contamination was investigated in brown booby (Sula leucogaster) adults and juveniles during their breeding season at the Santana Archipelago, on the southeast coast of Brazil. Two hypotheses were evaluated: 1. As females consume larger prey than males due to the reverse sexual dimorphism, higher total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations are expected in females tissues than in males; 2. Adult seabirds have more time to accumulate mercury than juveniles, so it is expected that adults will show higher THg and MeHg concentrations than juveniles in their feathers, but none in blood since the last indicates the exposure of short time (30-60 days), as it is a constantly synthesized tissue. Feathers and blood were sampled from 20 individuals of each group (males, females and juveniles). Also, 10 eggs of the brown booby and muscle tissue samples of their main prey were collected, from February to October 2018. Females and males had similar THg concentrations in the tissues with no statistical differences between sexes. Thus, the sexual size dimorphism did not influence mercury concentrations among the tissues and both genders can be used as a biomonitor. Brown booby juveniles had low THg and MeHg concentrations compared to adults due to a shorter time of exposure for mercury to bioaccumulate in their tissues. This is the first study, to the best of our knowledge, analyzing methylmercury in feathers, blood and eggs of a tropical seabird, which can be a useful baseline for future studies on the effects of contaminants on this species in tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Bighetti
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM/UFRJ), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação (PPG-CiAC), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
| | - J A Padilha
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L S T Cunha
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - D Kasper
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - O Malm
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - P L Mancini
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM/UFRJ), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação (PPG-CiAC), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, RJ, Brazil
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Crobe V, Ferrari A, Hanner R, Leslie RW, Steinke D, Tinti F, Cariani A. Molecular Taxonomy and Diversification of Atlantic Skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes): Adding More Pieces to the Puzzle of Their Evolutionary History. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070596. [PMID: 34206388 PMCID: PMC8303890 DOI: 10.3390/life11070596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation and long-term management plans of marine species need to be based upon the universally recognized key-feature of species identity. This important assignment is particularly challenging in skates (Rajiformes) in which the phenotypic similarity between some taxa and the individual variability in others, hampers accurate species identification. Here, 432 individual skate samples collected from four major ocean areas of the Atlantic were barcoded and taxonomically analysed. A BOLD project ELASMO ATL was implemented with the aim of establishing a new fully available and well curated barcode library containing both biological and molecular information. The evolutionary histories of the 38 skate taxa were estimated with two concatenated mitochondrial markers (COI and NADH2) through Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference. New evolutionary lineages within the genus Raja were discovered off Angola, where paleogeographic history coupled with oceanographic discontinuities could have contributed to the establishment of isolated refugia, playing a fundamental role among skates' speciation events. These data successfully resolved many taxonomic ambiguities, identified cryptic diversity within valid species and demonstrated a highly cohesive monophyletic clustering among the order, laying the background for further inference of evolutionary patterns suitable for addressing management and conservation issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Crobe
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 240126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Alice Ferrari
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 240126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Robert Hanner
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Robin W. Leslie
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Branch Fisheries Management, Cape Town 8018, South Africa;
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science (DIFS), Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6139, South Africa
| | - Dirk Steinke
- Department of Integrative Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Fausto Tinti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 240126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Alessia Cariani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 240126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (A.C.)
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Bagaev A, Esiukova E, Litvinyuk D, Chubarenko I, Veerasingam S, Venkatachalapathy R, Verzhevskaya L. Investigations of plastic contamination of seawater, marine and coastal sediments in the Russian seas: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-14183-z. [PMID: 33961191 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Twelve seas with an integral coastline length of about 38,000 km wash upon the Russian coasts. They belong to the basins of the Atlantic, the Arctic, and the Pacific Oceans and stretch over temperate, subpolar, and polar climate zones. This review of 32 studies published between 2015 and August 2020 analyses the available peer-reviewed scientific publications related to the topic of plastic contamination. At present, plastic contamination of the marine environments is confirmed by field investigations in 7 out of 12 Russian seas. Pollution levels vary widely: from 0.6 to 336,000 items/m3 for microplastics in water and from 1.3 to 10,179 items/kg (DW)-in sediments, while median macroplastics abundance is around 1.0 item/m2 at the coast. One monitoring survey of the Barents Sea reported mean macroplastics concentration in the upper 60 m as 0.011 mg/m3 and 2.9 kg/km2 at the sea floor. The identification of the polymer types with spectroscopy techniques is performed only in 9 studies (28%); most researchers use visual identification which makes the results difficult to compare. Most projects aimed at the plastic contamination research use their own collection and extraction methods that poorly agree with other studies. Since the pollution levels in most of the areas are relatively low, sampling is inhomogeneous in space and time. The most extensively studied areas are the beaches of the Baltic Sea, while the least examined is the Arctic region. Our study highlights the need for a discussion on harmonizing sampling methodology and identification techniques among different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Bagaev
- Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, 299011, Russia.
| | - Elena Esiukova
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Daria Litvinyuk
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Sevastopol, 299011, Russia
| | - Irina Chubarenko
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | | | | | - Liudmila Verzhevskaya
- Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, 299011, Russia
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Moravec F, Bakenhaster MD, Seyoum S, Tringali MD. Morphological and genetic description of two new species of philometrid nematodes (Philometridae) parasitic in needlefishes (Belonidae) from estuaries of Florida, USA. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2021; 68. [PMID: 33871382 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2021.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two new species of philometrid nematodes (Philometridae) from needlefishes (Belonidae) in Florida are described based on morphological and genetic characteristics: Philometra aequispiculata sp. n. (males and females) collected from the ovary of Strongylura marina (Walbaum) (type host) and Strongylura notata (Poey), and Philometra notatae sp. n. (females) from the swimbladder of S. notata. Both species are described and illustrated based on light and scanning electron microscopical examinations. Morphologically, P. aequispiculata sp. n. differs from all congeners mainly in the unique structure of the distal tip of the gubernaculum, whereas P. notatae sp. n. is mainly characterised by the presence of eight markedly large cephalic papillae of the outer circle in gravid and subgravid females, the body length of the gravid female (54 mm) and by the absence of caudal projections. Molecular characterisation of the new species was assessed from phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and SSU rRNA small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU) sequences among closely related philometrids by way of Bayesian inference. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on COI and SSU sequences show each of the new species comprise discrete ancestor-descendent lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Moravec
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Micah D Bakenhaster
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Seifu Seyoum
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Michael D Tringali
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
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Choo LQ, Bal TMP, Goetze E, Peijnenburg KTCA. Oceanic dispersal barriers in a holoplanktonic gastropod. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:224-240. [PMID: 33150701 PMCID: PMC7894488 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pteropods, a group of holoplanktonic gastropods, are regarded as bioindicators of the effects of ocean acidification on open ocean ecosystems, because their thin aragonitic shells are susceptible to dissolution. While there have been recent efforts to address their capacity for physiological acclimation, it is also important to gain predictive understanding of their ability to adapt to future ocean conditions. However, little is known about the levels of genetic variation and large-scale population structuring of pteropods, key characteristics enabling local adaptation. We examined the spatial distribution of genetic diversity in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and nuclear 28S gene fragments, as well as shell shape variation, across a latitudinal transect in the Atlantic Ocean (35°N-36°S) for the pteropod Limacina bulimoides. We observed high levels of genetic variability (COI π = 0.034, 28S π = 0.0021) and strong spatial structuring (COI ΦST = 0.230, 28S ΦST = 0.255) across this transect. Based on the congruence of mitochondrial and nuclear differentiation, as well as differences in shell shape, we identified a primary dispersal barrier in the southern Atlantic subtropical gyre (15-18°S). This barrier is maintained despite the presence of expatriates, a gyral current system, and in the absence of any distinct oceanographic gradients in this region, suggesting that reproductive isolation between these populations must be strong. A secondary dispersal barrier supported only by 28S pairwise ΦST comparisons was identified in the equatorial upwelling region (between 15°N and 4°S), which is concordant with barriers observed in other zooplankton species. Both oceanic dispersal barriers were congruent with regions of low abundance reported for a similar basin-scale transect that was sampled 2 years later. Our finding supports the hypothesis that low abundance indicates areas of suboptimal habitat that result in barriers to gene flow in widely distributed zooplankton species. Such species may in fact consist of several populations or (sub)species that are adapted to local environmental conditions, limiting their potential for adaptive responses to ocean changes. Future analyses of genome-wide diversity in pteropods could provide further insight into the strength, formation and maintenance of oceanic dispersal barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Qin Choo
- Plankton Diversity and EvolutionNaturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Freshwater and Marine EcologyInstitute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Thijs M. P. Bal
- Faculty of Biosciences and AquacultureNord UniversityBodøNorway
| | - Erica Goetze
- Department of OceanographyUniversity of Hawaiʻi at MānoaHonoluluUSA
| | - Katja T. C. A. Peijnenburg
- Plankton Diversity and EvolutionNaturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Freshwater and Marine EcologyInstitute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Silvestrova K, Stepanova N. The distribution of microplastics in the surface layer of the Atlantic Ocean from the subtropics to the equator according to visual analysis. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 162:111836. [PMID: 33220916 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the levels of plastic contamination in the Atlantic Ocean between 35°N and 32°S during the 1st stage of the 79th cruise of the "Akademik Mstislav Keldysh" from December 12, 2019, to January 4, 2020. A subsurface pump system and a Manta net were used for seawater filtration. Twenty-seven samples were visually analyzed with a microscope. It was found that almost every subsurface sample contained potentially plastic particles, which were classified according to their type and size. Plastic fragments were more commonly found in the samples taken from the surface. In the subsurface layer, the majority of the detected particles were fibers. These results also indicate that minimal concentrations of plastics tend to be found near the equator and to the north of the Canary Islands. The maximum microplastic concentrations were found in tropical zones. The obtained results are in good agreement with previous models and field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Silvestrova
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovskiy prospect 36, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Natalia Stepanova
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovskiy prospect 36, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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