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Pinho STR, Pereira SM, Miranda JGV, Duarte TA, Nery JS, de Oliveira MG, Freitas MYGS, De Almeida NA, Moreira FB, Gomes RBC, Kerr L, Kendall C, Gomes MGM, Bessa TCB, Andrade RFS, Barreto ML. Investigating extradomiciliary transmission of tuberculosis: An exploratory approach using social network patterns of TB cases and controls and the genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020; 125:102010. [PMID: 33166778 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Extradomiciliary contacts have been overlooked in the study of TB transmission due to difficulties in identifying actual contacts in large populations. Complex network analysis provides a framework to model the structure of contacts, specially extradomiciliary ones. We conducted a study of incident sputum-positive TB cases and healthy controls occurring in a moderate TB burden city. Cases and controls were interviewed to obtain data regarding the usual locations of residence, work, study, and leisure. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from sputum was genotyped. The collected data were used to build networks based on a framework of putative social interactions indicating possible TB transmission. A user-friendly open source environment (GraphTube) was setup to extract information from the collected data. Networks based on the likelihood of patient-patient, patient-healthy, and healthy-healthy contacts were setup, depending on a constraint of geographical distance of places attended by the volunteers. Using a threshold for the geographical distance of 300 m, the differences between TB cases and controls are revealed. Several clusters formed by social network nodes with high genotypic similarity were characterized. The developed framework provided consistent results and can be used to support the targeted search of potentially infected individuals and to help to understand the TB transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suani T R Pinho
- Instituto De Física - UFBA. R. Barão De Jeremoabo, S/n. Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Susan M Pereira
- Instituto De Saúde Coletiva - UFBA. R. Basílio da Gama, S/n. Canela, 40110-040, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - José G V Miranda
- Instituto De Física - UFBA. R. Barão De Jeremoabo, S/n. Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Tonya A Duarte
- Instituto De Ciências da Saúde - UFBA. Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon, S/n. Canela, 40231-300, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Joilda S Nery
- Instituto De Saúde Coletiva - UFBA. R. Basílio da Gama, S/n. Canela, 40110-040, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Maeli G de Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual De Feira De Santana. Av. Transnordestina, S/n. Novo Horizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil.
| | - M Yana G S Freitas
- Universidade Estadual De Feira De Santana. Av. Transnordestina, S/n. Novo Horizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil.
| | - Naila A De Almeida
- Serviço Nacional De Aprendizagem Industrial - SENAI. R, Henrique Dias. Roma, 40444-000, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Fabio B Moreira
- Instituto De Física - UFBA. R. Barão De Jeremoabo, S/n. Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Raoni B C Gomes
- Instituto De Saúde Coletiva - UFBA. R. Basílio da Gama, S/n. Canela, 40110-040, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Ligia Kerr
- Faculdade De Medicina - UFC. R. Alexandre Baraúna, 949. Rodolfo Teófilo, 60430-160, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Carl Kendall
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Tulane University, 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States.
| | - M Gabriela M Gomes
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool L3 5QA, Reino Unido, UK.
| | - Theolis C B Bessa
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz - IGM/FIOCRUZ. R. Waldemar Falcão, 121. Candeal, 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Roberto F S Andrade
- Instituto De Física - UFBA. R. Barão De Jeremoabo, S/n. Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Mauricio L Barreto
- Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para Saúde - CIDACS/FIOCRUZ, Parque Tecnológico Edf. Tecnocentro. Rua Mundo, 121, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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