1
|
McCarron M, Kondor R, Zureick K, Griffin C, Fuster C, Hammond A, Lievre M, Vandemaele K, Bresee J, Xu X, Dugan VG, Weatherspoon V, Williams T, Vance A, Fry AM, Samaan M, Fitzner J, Zhang W, Moen A, Wentworth DE, Azziz-Baumgartner E. United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention support for influenza surveillance, 2013-2021. Bull World Health Organ 2022; 100:366-374. [PMID: 35694628 PMCID: PMC9178423 DOI: 10.2471/blt.21.287253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the stability of improvements in global respiratory virus surveillance in countries supported by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) after reductions in CDC funding and with the stress of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods We assessed whether national influenza surveillance systems of CDC-funded countries: (i) continued to analyse as many specimens between 2013 and 2021; (ii) participated in activities of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System; (iii) tested enough specimens to detect rare events or signals of unusual activity; and (iv) demonstrated stability before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used CDC budget records and data from the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System. Findings While CDC reduced per-country influenza funding by about 75% over 10 years, the number of specimens tested annually remained stable (mean 2261). Reporting varied substantially by country and transmission zone. Countries funded by CDC accounted for 71% (range 61-75%) of specimens included in WHO consultations on the composition of influenza virus vaccines. In 2019, only eight of the 17 transmission zones sent enough specimens to WHO collaborating centres before the vaccine composition meeting to reliably identify antigenic variants. Conclusion Great progress has been made in the global understanding of influenza trends and seasonality. To optimize surveillance to identify atypical influenza viruses, and to integrate molecular testing, sequencing and reporting of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 into existing systems, funding must continue to support these efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret McCarron
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE MS A32, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Kondor
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE MS A32, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States of America
| | - Kinda Zureick
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE MS A32, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States of America
| | - Chelsey Griffin
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE MS A32, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States of America
| | - Christian Fuster
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aspen Hammond
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maja Lievre
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Joseph Bresee
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE MS A32, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States of America
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE MS A32, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States of America
| | - Vivien G Dugan
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE MS A32, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States of America
| | - Vashonia Weatherspoon
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE MS A32, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States of America
| | - Thelma Williams
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE MS A32, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States of America
| | - April Vance
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE MS A32, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States of America
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE MS A32, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States of America
| | - Magdi Samaan
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julia Fitzner
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ann Moen
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David E Wentworth
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE MS A32, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE MS A32, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Govorkova EA, Takashita E, Daniels RS, Fujisaki S, Presser LD, Patel MC, Huang W, Lackenby A, Nguyen HT, Pereyaslov D, Rattigan A, Brown SK, Samaan M, Subbarao K, Wong S, Wang D, Webby RJ, Yen HL, Zhang W, Meijer A, Gubareva LV. Global update on the susceptibilities of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors and the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir, 2018–2020. Antiviral Res 2022; 200:105281. [PMID: 35292289 PMCID: PMC9254721 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Global analysis of the susceptibility of influenza viruses to neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs) and the polymerase acidic (PA) inhibitor (PAI) baloxavir was conducted by five World Health Organization Collaborating Centres for Reference and Research on Influenza during two periods (May 2018–May 2019 and May 2019–May 2020). Combined phenotypic and NA sequence-based analysis revealed that the global frequency of viruses displaying reduced or highly reduced inhibition (RI or HRI) or potential to show RI/HRI by NAIs remained low, 0.5% (165/35045) and 0.6% (159/26010) for the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 periods, respectively. The most common amino acid substitution was NA-H275Y (N1 numbering) conferring HRI by oseltamivir and peramivir in A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Combined phenotypic and PA sequence-based analysis showed that the global frequency of viruses showing reduced susceptibility to baloxavir or carrying substitutions associated with reduced susceptibility was low, 0.5% (72/15906) and 0.1% (18/15692) for the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 periods, respectively. Most (n = 61) of these viruses had I38→T/F/M/S/L/V PA amino acid substitutions. In Japan, where baloxavir use was highest, the rate was 4.5% (41/919) in the 2018–2019 period and most of the viruses (n = 32) had PA-I38T. Zoonotic viruses isolated from humans (n = 32) in different countries did not contain substitutions in NA associated with NAI RI/HRI phenotypes. One A(H5N6) virus had a dual substitution PA-I38V + PA-E199G, which may reduce susceptibility to baloxavir. Therefore, NAIs and baloxavir remain appropriate choices for the treatment of influenza virus infections, but close monitoring of antiviral susceptibility is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Govorkova
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Studies on the Ecology of Influenza in Animals and Birds, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105-3678, USA.
| | - Emi Takashita
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Rod S Daniels
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Francis Crick Institute, Worldwide Influenza Centre, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Seiichiro Fujisaki
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Lance D Presser
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mira C Patel
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton RD NE, MS H17-5, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Weijuan Huang
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Angie Lackenby
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, NW9 5HT, United Kingdom
| | - Ha T Nguyen
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton RD NE, MS H17-5, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Dmitriy Pereyaslov
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211, Geneva, 27, Switzerland
| | - Aine Rattigan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Francis Crick Institute, Worldwide Influenza Centre, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Sook Kwan Brown
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Magdi Samaan
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211, Geneva, 27, Switzerland
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Sun Wong
- Public Health Laboratory Centre, 382 Nam Cheong Street, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dayan Wang
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Richard J Webby
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Studies on the Ecology of Influenza in Animals and Birds, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105-3678, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Yen
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211, Geneva, 27, Switzerland
| | - Adam Meijer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Larisa V Gubareva
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton RD NE, MS H17-5, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leung VKY, Deng YM, Todd A, Peck H, Buettner I, Zakis T, Subbarao K, Barr IG, Nahapetyan K, Inbanathan FY, Samaan M, Reading PC. A second external quality assessment of isolation and identification of influenza viruses in cell culture in the Asia Pacific region highlights improved performance by participating laboratories. J Clin Virol 2021; 142:104907. [PMID: 34274614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses must be amplified in cell culture for detailed antigenic analysis and for phenotypic assays assessing susceptibility to antiviral drugs or for other assays. Following on from the first external quality assessment (EQA) for isolation and identification of influenza viruses using cell culture techniques in 2016, a follow up EQA was performed in 2019 for National Influenza Centres (NICs) in the World Health Organization (WHO) South East Asia and Western Pacific Regions. Nineteen WHO NICs performed influenza virus isolation and identification techniques on an EQA panel comprising 16 samples, containing influenza A or B viruses and negative control samples. One sample was used exclusively to assess capacity to measure a hemagglutination titer and the other 15 samples were used for virus isolation and subsequent identification. Virus isolation from EQA samples was generally detected by assessment of cytopathic effect and/or hemagglutination assay while virus identification was determined by real time RT-PCR, hemagglutination inhibition and/or immunofluorescence assays. For virus isolation from EQA samples, 6/19 participating laboratories obtained 15/15 correct results in the first EQA (2016) compared to 11/19 in the follow up (2019). For virus identification in isolates derived from EQA samples, 6/19 laboratories obtained 15/15 correct results in 2016 compared to 13/19 in 2019. Overall, NIC laboratories in the Asia Pacific Region showed a significant improvement between 2016 and 2019 in terms of the correct results reported for isolation from EQA samples and identification of virus in isolates derived from EQA samples (p=0.01 and p=0.02, respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian K Y Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi-Mo Deng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Todd
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heidi Peck
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iwona Buettner
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tasoula Zakis
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian G Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Nahapetyan
- Division of Health Security and Emergencies, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines
| | - Francis Y Inbanathan
- Health Laboratory Services and Blood Safety - Communicable Diseases Department, World Health Organization Regional Office for the South East-Asia, New Delhi, India
| | - Magdi Samaan
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Patrick C Reading
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Takashita E, Daniels RS, Fujisaki S, Gregory V, Gubareva LV, Huang W, Hurt AC, Lackenby A, Nguyen HT, Pereyaslov D, Roe M, Samaan M, Subbarao K, Tse H, Wang D, Yen HL, Zhang W, Meijer A. Global update on the susceptibilities of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors and the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir, 2017-2018. Antiviral Res 2020; 175:104718. [PMID: 32004620 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The global analysis of neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) susceptibility of influenza viruses has been conducted since the 2012-13 period. In 2018 a novel cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor, baloxavir, that targets polymerase acidic subunit (PA) was approved for the treatment of influenza virus infection in Japan and the United States. For this annual report, the susceptibilities of influenza viruses to NAIs and baloxavir were analyzed. A total of 15409 viruses, collected by World Health Organization (WHO) recognized National Influenza Centers and other laboratories between May 2017 and May 2018, were assessed for phenotypic NAI susceptibility by five WHO Collaborating Centers (CCs). The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined for oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir and laninamivir. Reduced inhibition (RI) or highly reduced inhibition (HRI) by one or more NAIs was exhibited by 0.8% of viruses tested (n = 122). The frequency of viruses with RI or HRI has remained low since this global analysis began (2012-13: 0.6%; 2013-14: 1.9%; 2014-15: 0.5%; 2015-16: 0.8%; 2016-17: 0.2%). PA gene sequence data, available from public databases (n = 13523), were screened for amino acid substitutions associated with reduced susceptibility to baloxavir (PA E23G/K/R, PA A36V, PA A37T, PA I38F/M/T/L, PA E119D, PA E199G): 11 (0.08%) viruses possessed such substitutions. Five of them were included in phenotypic baloxavir susceptibility analysis by two WHO CCs and IC50 values were determined. The PA variant viruses showed 6-17-fold reduced susceptibility to baloxavir. Overall, in the 2017-18 period the frequency of circulating influenza viruses with reduced susceptibility to NAIs or baloxavir was low, but continued monitoring is important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Takashita
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan.
| | - Rod S Daniels
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Francis Crick Institute, Worldwide Influenza Centre, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Seiichiro Fujisaki
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Vicki Gregory
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Francis Crick Institute, Worldwide Influenza Centre, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Larisa V Gubareva
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton RD NE, MS-G16, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Weiijuan Huang
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Aeron C Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Angie Lackenby
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, NW9 5HT, United Kingdom
| | - Ha T Nguyen
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton RD NE, MS-G16, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Dmitriy Pereyaslov
- Division of Communicable Diseases, Health Security, & Environment, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Marmorvej 51, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Merryn Roe
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Magdi Samaan
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Herman Tse
- Public Health Laboratory Centre, 382 Nam Cheong Street, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dayan Wang
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Ling Yen
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Adam Meijer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720, BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pantoja F, Patel P, Keane N, Fragkos K, Samaan M, Barnova I, Di Caro S, Mehta S, Rahman F. PT10.2: Re-Feeding Syndrome in Adults Receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition: An Audit in a Highly Specialized Intestine Failure Unit. Clin Nutr 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(17)30664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Higuchi DA, Almeida MC, Barros CC, Sanchez EF, Pesquero PR, Lang EAS, Samaan M, Araujo RC, Pesquero JB, Pesquero JL. Leucurogin, a new recombinant disintegrin cloned from Bothrops leucurus (white-tailed-jararaca) with potent activity upon platelet aggregation and tumor growth. Toxicon 2011; 58:123-9. [PMID: 21641921 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Disintegrins and disintegrins-like proteins are able to inhibit platelet aggregation and integrin-mediated cell adhesion. The aim of this study was to produce one disintegrin-like cloned from Bothrops leucurus venom gland and to characterize it regarding biological activity. The recombinant protein was purified by one step procedure involving anion-exchange chromatography (DEAE-cellulose) and presented a molecular mass of 10.4 kDa. The purified protein was able to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by collagen (IC₅₀ = 0.65 μM) and to inhibit growth of Ehrlich tumor implanted in mice by more than 50% after 7 days administration of 10 μg/day. No effects were observed upon adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation. The recombinant protein was recognized by an antibody specific for jararhagin one metalloproteinase isolated from Bothrops jararaca venom, and therefore it was named leucurogin. Anti-angiogenesis effect of leucurogin was evaluated by the sponge implant model. After 7 days administration leucurogin inhibited, in a dose dependent way, the vascularization process in the sponge. Leucurogin represents a new biotechnological tool to understand biological processes where disintegrins-like are involved and may help to characterize integrins that can be involved in development and progression of malignant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Higuchi
- Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Dr Cândido Xavier de Almeida e Souza 200, Centro Cívico, 08780-911 Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lemay M, Samaan M, St Michel P, Granger L, Pigeon R. [Immediate effects of dimenhydrinate on uterine contraction and the fetal cardiac rhythm during labor]. Can Med Assoc J 1982; 127:606-7. [PMID: 7127229 PMCID: PMC1862164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of intravenous administration of 100 mg of dimenhydrinate (Gravol) were studied in 20 patients during active spontaneous labour. The uterine activity and the fetal heart rate were monitored by an invasive technique. After administration of the medication the uterine activity increases significantly, and in 20% of the cases decelerations in the fetal heart rate of the hypoxic type occurred. Because of its unpredictable effects, this drug should be used with care during labour.
Collapse
|