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Better Social-emotional Behavior in Young Nepali Children is Associated with Household Wealth, Child Age, and Family Participation in a Community Development Intervention. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2023; 21:197-206. [PMID: 38628015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Mental health and behavior problems are under-recognized in low- and middleincome countries, especially in young children. Early identification of these problems could encourage governments to address the shortages of child mental health professionals and promote early intervention programs to help children achieve their full developmental potential. Objective Describe the social-emotional development of young rural Nepali children; explore risk factors for poor development. Method The study was embedded in a longitudinal intervention trial comparing control households with those who received training in family nutrition+livestock management (Partial Package) or family nutrition+livestock management+community mobilization (Full Package). At midline, enumerators completed a 145-item household questionnaire, child anthropometry, and Administered the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-Social-Emotional (ASQ-SE) to all enrolled children age 33-47 months (n=310). Bivariate and regression analyses examined the relationship of child and household risk factors to administered the Ages and Stages QuestionnaireSocial-Emotional scores. Result Administered the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-Social-Emotional scores were below age cutoffs in 24% of children, suggesting worse social-emotional development. In bivariate analyses and the adjusted linear regression model, older child age, greater household wealth, and Full Package Intervention status were all associated with better social-emotional development scores. Partial Package Intervention status was associated with worse scores. Conclusion The Administered the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-Social-Emotional is a potential tool to assess child social-emotional development in the context of household and community level interventions. Further work is necessary to validate the administered the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-Social-Emotional and similar tools in Nepal, and to better understand the prevalence of challenges to optimal socialemotional development in young children in order to use this information to design and monitor needed interventions.
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Associations between biomass fuel use and child health: a community-based study in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac130.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Biomass fuel use for cooking is widespread in low- and middle-income countries. Previous studies have mainly focused on adverse health outcomes in adults or specific diseases. In a cohort among young children living in Bhaktapur, Nepal, we aimed to describe the association between the use of biomass cooking fuels in families with child health using measures of linear growth, cognition and chronic illness.
Methods
Caregivers of 600 marginally stunted children aged 6-11 months were interviewed about their primary source of cooking fuel at enrolment into a randomized controlled trial. Children's body length (n = 572) was measured at age 18-23 months. At the same time, blood samples (n = 497) were taken, and we measured leukocyte telomere length (LTL) as a marker of chronic disease risk. We chose LTL expressed as z-scores as a measure of chronic disease. Cognitive abilities were measured by the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, 4th edition (WPPSI-IV) and NEPSY-II subtests when the children were 4 years old (n = 531). Associations were estimated in multiple regression models.
Results
About 18% of all families used biomass as primary cooking fuel. Children from families using biomass fuel were on average slightly shorter (mean difference 0.14 Z-scores, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.00), had lower IQ scores (mean difference 2.2 (95% CI: 0.5, 3.9), and shorter LTL (mean difference: 0.09 (95% CI: 0.05 to 0.13) compared to those not using biomass fuel. The observed associations were unaltered after adjusting for relevant confounders.
Conclusions
In children from households in poor, urban neighborhoods in Nepal, biomass fuel use for cooking was associated with health indicators for child growth and cognition as well as longevity and chronic illnesses reflected in shortening of telomeres. As this was an observational study, residual confounding cannot be excluded. Our findings support the ongoing effort to reduce exposure to biomass fuel in low-resource settings.
Key messages
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Biolink Model: A universal schema for knowledge graphs in clinical, biomedical, and translational science. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:1848-1855. [PMID: 36125173 PMCID: PMC9372416 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Within clinical, biomedical, and translational science, an increasing number of projects are adopting graphs for knowledge representation. Graph‐based data models elucidate the interconnectedness among core biomedical concepts, enable data structures to be easily updated, and support intuitive queries, visualizations, and inference algorithms. However, knowledge discovery across these “knowledge graphs” (KGs) has remained difficult. Data set heterogeneity and complexity; the proliferation of ad hoc data formats; poor compliance with guidelines on findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability; and, in particular, the lack of a universally accepted, open‐access model for standardization across biomedical KGs has left the task of reconciling data sources to downstream consumers. Biolink Model is an open‐source data model that can be used to formalize the relationships between data structures in translational science. It incorporates object‐oriented classification and graph‐oriented features. The core of the model is a set of hierarchical, interconnected classes (or categories) and relationships between them (or predicates) representing biomedical entities such as gene, disease, chemical, anatomic structure, and phenotype. The model provides class and edge attributes and associations that guide how entities should relate to one another. Here, we highlight the need for a standardized data model for KGs, describe Biolink Model, and compare it with other models. We demonstrate the utility of Biolink Model in various initiatives, including the Biomedical Data Translator Consortium and the Monarch Initiative, and show how it has supported easier integration and interoperability of biomedical KGs, bringing together knowledge from multiple sources and helping to realize the goals of translational science.
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Flower colour and size signals differ depending on geographical location and altitude region. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:905-914. [PMID: 34546624 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bees are major pollinators of angiosperms and have phylogenetically conserved colour vision but differ in how various key species use achromatic information that is vital for both flower detection and size processing. We modelled green contrast and colour contrast signals from flowers of different countries where there are well established differences in availability of model bee species along altitudinal gradients. We tested for consistency in visual signals as expected from generalization in pollination principles using phylogenetically informed linear models. Patterns of chromatic contrast, achromatic green contrast and flower size differed among the three floras we examined. In Nepal there is a significant positive correlation between flower size and colour contrast in the subalpine region, but a negative correlation at the lower altitudes. At high elevations in Norway, where pollinators other than bees are common, flower size was positively correlated with colour contrast. At low and medium altitudes in Norway and in Australia, we did not observe a significant relationship between size and colour contrast. We thus find that the relationship between size, green and colour contrast cannot be generalized across communities, thus suggesting that flower visual signal adaptations to local pollinators are not limited to chromatic contrast.
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Rewardlessness in orchids: how frequent and how rewardless? PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:555-561. [PMID: 32181557 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
About one-third of orchid species are thought to offer no floral reward and therefore attract pollinators through deception. Statements of this idea are common in the botanical literature, but the empirical basis of the estimate is rarely mentioned. We traced citation pathways for the one-third estimate in a sample of the literature and found that the paths lead to empirical foundations that are surprisingly narrow. Moreover, recent measurements have detected minute quantities of sugar available to insect visitors in some orchids thought to be rewardless, raising the possibility of a pollination strategy that is largely deceitful but different to absolute rewardlessness. The orchids are a well-studied group and there is no doubt that rewardlessness is common in the family. However, greater empirical effort is needed to verify rewardlessness in orchids and to explore geographic and environmental variation in the proportion of rewardless species.
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Colour evolution within orchids depends on whether the pollinator is a bee or a fly. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:745-752. [PMID: 30681768 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Orchids are a classic angiosperm model for understanding biotic pollination. We studied orchid species within two species-rich herbaceous communities that are known to have either hymenopteran or dipteran insects as the dominant pollinators, in order to understand how flower colour relates to pollinator visual systems. We analysed features of the floral reflectance spectra that are significant to pollinator visual systems and used models of dipteran and hymenopteran colour vision to characterise the chromatic signals used by fly-pollinated and bee-pollinated orchid species. In contrast to bee-pollinated flowers, fly-pollinated flowers had distinctive points of rapid reflectance change at long wavelengths and a complete absence of such spectral features at short wavelengths. Fly-pollinated flowers also had significantly more restricted loci than bee-pollinated flowers in colour space models of fly and bee vision alike. Globally, bee-pollinated flowers are known to have distinctive, consistent colour signals. Our findings of different signals for fly pollination is consistent with pollinator-mediated selection on orchid species that results from the distinctive features of fly visual systems.
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Initial Experience with the “Early Surgical Exposure and Assessment” (EASE) Program: Early Training Leads to Rapid Improvement of Technical Skills and High Motivation in Residents and Students to Follow an Academic Surgical Career. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1678905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Aortic Valve-Sparing Root Replacement (David I Procedure) in Pediatric Patients: Midterm Outcome. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1678975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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A Multicenter Analysis of Implantation via a Thoracotomy Approach of a Left Ventricular Assist System for the Treatment of Advanced Heart Failure. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1678824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Alternative Outflow Graft Placement during Thoracotomy Implant of the HVAD System for the Treatment of Advanced Heart Failure. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1679026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Spectrum of Infections in Living Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients: An Experience From a Tertiary Center in Nepal. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:2493-2495. [PMID: 30316384 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplant recipients are always at risk of infections because they are on lifelong immunosuppressive medications. The spectrum of infections in this special population is not the same as in the general population. Post-transplant infections are extensively studied in the developed world. Publications about post-transplant infections from Nepal are scarce. This study was carried out to study the spectrum of infections, the trends in treatment, and the incidence of tuberculosis in kidney transplant recipients. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of the patient data in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Follow-up data from the first 100 kidney transplant recipients was recorded in a Microsoft Excel worksheet and descriptive analysis was done. RESULTS In the first 100 transplants done until 21 September 2011, 92 patients' data were recorded and 8 patients' data were missing. The mean follow-up period was 61.03 months. The population was 76.09% male (n = 70) and 23.91% female (n = 22). A total of 641 episodes of infections were recorded. Urinary tract infections were the most common type of infection. Escherichia coli was the most common organism isolated (36% of all cultures). There were 17 (2.65%) episodes of viral and 42 (6.6%) episodes of fungal infections. Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 6 (6.5%) patients. CONCLUSION Urinary tract infection is the most common type of infection in post-kidney transplant patients. Quinolones were the most common agents used to treat urinary tract infections. The incidence of tuberculosis in kidney transplant recipients is 6.5% in 5 years' follow-up.
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Abnormalities in Protocol Graft Kidney Biopsy 6 Months Posttransplantation in a Tertiary Care Center Hospital of Nepal. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:2377-2381. [PMID: 30316361 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing graft survival is the prime focus of every transplantation program. Detection of subclinical abnormalities with the help of protocol renal graft biopsies performed at predetermined intervals after transplantation has been one of the approaches. The objective was to study the abnormalities in protocol renal graft biopsy specimens at 6 months posttransplantation. METHODS This was a hospital-based observational descriptive study. It included the recipients who underwent kidney transplantation between October 2014 and September 2015. The recipients were followed up postoperatively on an outpatient basis, as per the institution protocol. At 6 months posttransplantation, protocol graft biopsy was performed in all patients with normal functioning allograft without proteinuria after obtaining informed written consent. RESULTS A total of 57 patients with chronic kidney disease underwent renal transplantation during the study period. Protocol biopsy was performed in 47 recipients. Subclinical rejection was found in 4 (8.5%) recipients. Two recipients had significant tubulitis and interstitial inflammation. One of them showed features of Banff Type IA cellular rejection (t2, i2) and another showed Banff Type IB cellular rejection (t3, i2). Biopsy specimen of 1 recipient showed significant glomerulitis and peritubular capillaritis (g3, ptc1). Another recipient showed significant peritubular capillaritis (ptc2) with C4d positivity. IgA nephropathy was present in 6 (12.8%) recipients. BK virus nephropathy was found in 2 (4.3%) recipients. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that abnormal histologic findings occur in protocol graft biopsy specimens at 6 months post renal transplantation in patients without any clinical or laboratory abnormalities.
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P3.09-09 “Prevalence of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation in Non-Small Cell Carcinoma Lungs at a Cancer Center in Nepal”. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Preoperative serum uric acid predicts incident acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:161. [PMID: 29973162 PMCID: PMC6031174 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-0970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery is a frequent complication and several risk factors increasing its incidence have already been characterized. This study evaluates the influence of preoperative increased serum uric acid (SUA) levels in comparison with other known risk factors on the incidence of AKI following cardiac surgery. Methods During a period of 5 month, 247 patients underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting, valve replacement/ repair or combined bypass and valve surgery. Datas were prospectively analyzed. Primary endpoint was the incidence of AKI as defined by the AKI criteria comparing patients with preoperative serum uric acid (SUA) levels below versus above the median. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of postoperative AKI. Results Thirty (12.1%) of the 247 patients developed postoperative AKI, 24 of 30 (80%) had preoperative SUA- levels above the median (≥373 μmol/l) (OR: 4.680, CI 95% 1.840; 11.904, p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis SUA levels above the median (OR: 5.497, CI 95% 1.772; 17.054, p = 0.003), cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time > 90 min (OR: 4.595, CI 95% 1.587; 13.305, p = 0.005), cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) > 30 kg/m2 (OR: 3.208, CI 95% 1.202; 8.562; p = 0.02), and preoperative elevated serum-creatinine levels (OR: 1.015, CI 95% 1.001; 1.029, p = 0.04) were independently associated with postoperative AKI. Conclusions Serum uric acid is an independent risk marker for AKI after cardiac surgery. From all evaluated factors it showed the highest odds ratio.
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Clinical Features and Risk Factors for Renal Failure after Total Aortic Arch Repair. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1627885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Establishing a Simulation Training Platform for Cardiac Surgery Residents: Improving Surgical Training and Technical Skill Assessment. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1628015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Minimally Invasive Aortic Surgery via Upper Hemi-sternotomy is Comparable to Those with Full Sternotomy: A Single Center Experience with over 400 Patients. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1627833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Early Surgical Myocardial Revascularization in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Surgical Treatment of Coronary Artery Aneurysms. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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First Series of Left Ventricular Assist Device Upgrades to HeartMate 3. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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First Experience with the HeartAssist5® Left Ventricular Assist Device. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Transcription Factors in Breast Cancer—Lessons From Recent Genomic Analyses and Therapeutic Implications. CHROMATIN PROTEINS AND TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS AS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS 2017; 107:223-273. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Protease-activated receptor-1 inhibits proliferation but enhances leukemia stem cell activity in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncogene 2016; 36:2589-2598. [PMID: 27819671 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Eradication of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) is the ultimate goal of treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We recently showed that the combined loss of Runx1/Cbfb inhibited the development of MLL-AF9-induced AML. However, c-Kit+/Gr-1- cells remained viable in Runx1/Cbfb-deleted cells, indicating that suppressing RUNX activity may not eradicate the most immature LSCs. In this study, we found upregulation of several hemostasis-related genes, including the thrombin-activatable receptor PAR-1 (protease-activated receptor-1), in Runx1/Cbfb-deleted MLL-AF9 cells. Similar to the effect of Runx1/Cbfb deletion, PAR-1 overexpression induced CDKN1A/p21 expression and attenuated proliferation in MLL-AF9 cells. To our surprise, PAR-1 deficiency also prevented leukemia development induced by a small number of MLL-AF9 leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in vivo. PAR-1 deficiency also reduced leukemogenicity of AML1-ETO-induced leukemia. Re-expression of PAR-1 in PAR-1-deficient cells combined with a limiting-dilution transplantation assay demonstrated the cell-dose-dependent role of PAR-1 in MLL-AF9 leukemia: PAR-1 inhibited rapid leukemic proliferation when there were a large number of LSCs, while a small number of LSCs required PAR-1 for their efficient growth. Mechanistically, PAR-1 increased the adherence properties of MLL-AF9 cells and promoted their engraftment to bone marrow. Taken together, these data revealed a multifaceted role for PAR-1 in leukemogenesis, and highlight this receptor as a potential target to eradicate primitive LSCs in AML.
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Evaluation of Digital Auscultation to Diagnose Pneumonia in Children 2 to 35 Months of Age in a Clinical Setting in Kathmandu, Nepal: A Prospective Case–Control Study. J PEDIAT INF DIS-GER 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Floral colours in a world without birds and bees: the plants of Macquarie Island. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:842-50. [PMID: 27016399 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We studied biotically pollinated angiosperms on Macquarie Island, a remote site in the Southern Ocean with a predominately or exclusively dipteran pollinator fauna, in an effort to understand how flower colour affects community assembly. We compared a distinctive group of cream-green Macquarie Island flowers to the flora of likely source pools of immigrants and to a continental flora from a high latitude in the northern hemisphere. We used both dipteran and hymenopteran colour models and phylogenetically informed analyses to explore the chromatic component of community assembly. The species with cream-green flowers are very restricted in colour space models of both fly vision and bee vision and represent a distinct group that plays a very minor role in other communities. It is unlikely that such a community could form through random immigration from continental source pools. Our findings suggest that fly pollination has imposed a strong ecological filter on Macquarie Island, favouring floral colours that are rare in continental floras. This is one of the strongest demonstrations that plant-pollinator interactions play an important role in plant community assembly. Future work exploring colour choices by dipteran flower visitors would be valuable.
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P6017 A high density genome-wide scan for genetic risk factors of insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH): A Horsegene Project Initiative. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.94supplement4156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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P5026 Genetic analysis of conformation traits in Icelandic horses. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.94supplement4127b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Estimating country-level nutrition investments: Global implications of a
two country study. Ann Glob Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Less-Invasive Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantations: Experience after More Than 100 Treated Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Complex Aortic Arch Repair Can Be Performed with Good Outcome in Septuagenarians. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pericardial Tube Grafts: Bail-out Option or Routine Concept for Thoracic Aortic Infections? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Does Rhythm Recover after Pacemaker Implantation for Atrioventricular Conduction Disorder after Sutureless Aortic Valve Replacement? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Less Invasive LVAD Surgery in Cardiogenic Shock. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Aortic Valve Replacement in Geriatric Patients: Are Sutureless Valves the Way to go? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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UBASH3B/Sts-1-CBL axis regulates myeloid proliferation in human preleukemia induced by AML1-ETO. Leukemia 2015; 30:728-39. [PMID: 26449661 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The t(8;21) rearrangement, which creates the AML1-ETO fusion protein, represents the most common chromosomal translocation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Clinical data suggest that CBL mutations are a frequent event in t(8;21) AML, but the role of CBL in AML1-ETO-induced leukemia has not been investigated. In this study, we demonstrate that CBL mutations collaborate with AML1-ETO to expand human CD34+ cells both in vitro and in a xenograft model. CBL depletion by shRNA also promotes the growth of AML1-ETO cells, demonstrating the inhibitory function of endogenous CBL in t(8;21) AML. Mechanistically, loss of CBL function confers hyper-responsiveness to thrombopoietin and enhances STAT5/AKT/ERK/Src signaling in AML1-ETO cells. Interestingly, we found the protein tyrosine phosphatase UBASH3B/Sts-1, which is known to inhibit CBL function, is upregulated by AML1-ETO through transcriptional and miR-9-mediated regulation. UBASH3B/Sts-1 depletion induces an aberrant pattern of CBL phosphorylation and impairs proliferation in AML1-ETO cells. The growth inhibition caused by UBASH3B/Sts-1 depletion can be rescued by ectopic expression of CBL mutants, suggesting that UBASH3B/Sts-1 supports the growth of AML1-ETO cells partly through modulation of CBL function. Our study reveals a role of CBL in restricting myeloid proliferation of human AML1-ETO-induced leukemia, and identifies UBASH3B/Sts-1 as a potential target for pharmaceutical intervention.
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Assessment of knowledge and practice of community pharmacy personnel on diabetes mellitus management in Kathmandu district: a cross sectional descriptive study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14:71. [PMID: 26396963 PMCID: PMC4578402 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Pharmacists are the most reachable healthcare professionals to many chronically ill patients. It has been found that pharmacists see patients with diabetes up to five times more often than any other healthcare provider. Therefore, to provide quality health care to patients it is important that they have appropriate knowledge and practice on diabetes mellitus management. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge and practice of diabetes mellitus management among community pharmacy personnel involved in retail community pharmacies of Kathmandu. Methods Three hundred and fifteen community pharmacies, selected by systematic random sampling were surveyed by using pre-validated self-administered questionnaires. The first set of questionnaire evaluated the community pharmacy personnel’s diabetes knowledge based on a pre-validated 20-item questionnaire. The second set of questionnaire documented about the practice of community pharmacy personnel on diabetes mellitus management which contained 22 questions. Data was entered in EPI Data and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results This survey demonstrated that 76.5 % respondents had poor knowledge and 86.4 % had negative practice on diabetes mellitus (DM) management. Only 26.2 % respondents had good knowledge as well as good practice. 31.4 % of respondents had poor knowledge as well as poor practice on DM management. Conclusions Laws and regulations regarding community pharmacy personnel need to be implemented. There should be more advanced and experiment based training. Additionally, the provision for further education curriculum in pharmacy education should be implemented which should intensively include disease and proper management. Guidelines covering diabetes care should be distributed and implemented throughout community pharmacies.
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A cytomorphometric analysis of the oral mucosa in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY OF NEPAL 2015. [DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v5i10.15664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although many of the pathological conditions of oral mucosa are clinically distinguishable, most lesions require a definitive diagnosis. This article tried the use of exfoliative cytology as an alternative tool in the screening, diagnosis and follow-up of diabetes mellitus.Materials and Methods: After rinsing the mouth with normal saline, slides were prepared from buccal mucosa and dorsum of tongue and fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol. The slides were stained with Papanicolaou stain and Acridine orange. Fifty clearly defined cells in each slide were visualized under light microscope for cytomorphometric analysis of cells using Image J software and under fluorescence microscope for assessment of nuclear alterations like micronuclei, nuclear budding, binucleation, multinucleation and karyorrhexis.Results: Statistically significant increase in Nuclear area BM (p = 0.000057), Nuclear Area Tongue (p= 0.0000113), total Nuclear Area (p= 000079), Cellular Area BM (p= 0.0475), Cellular Area Tongue (p= 0.0105), Total Cellular Area (p= 0.00496), Cytoplasmic Area Tongue (p= 0.00358), Total Cytoplasmic Area (p= 0.00268) were obtained from epithelial cells in the diabetic group when compared with the control group. Also the epithelial cells from the diabetic group showed features such as nuclear budding, micronuclei, binucleation, karyorrhexis and perinuclear halo. Conclusion: The objective demonstration of cytomorphometric and nuclear alterations by the oral exfoliated cells indicate the presence of cytological changes in the oral mucosa of diabetic patients despite the apparently normal clinical appearance. Hence, cytomorphometric analysis would aid the health professional as an additional non-invasive tool for the screening and monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus.
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Assessment of Candidal carriage in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY OF NEPAL 2015. [DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v5i9.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is generally acknowledged that patients with diabetes mellitus are more susceptible to fungal infections, particularly with Candida albicans. Oral infection by Candida can result in a number of clinical lesions, including median rhomboid glossitis (central papillary atrophy), denture stomatitis, squamous cell carcinoma, Radiation therapy, immunocompromised status, etc. Different studies have shown that patients with diabetes mellitus have increased frequency of oral candidal carriage and increased risk of candidiasis, which is related to poor metabolic control, neutrophil dysfunction, reduced salivary flow, high glucose concentration in blood and saliva and in medications.Materials and Methods: Subjects of both the groups were given 10 ml of sterile normal saline and asked to rinse the mouth for one minute. The subjects were then asked to return the oral rinse in a sterile clean, broad-mouthed container which was capped, labelled and taken to the laboratory. The samples were then inoculated onto the culture medium (Sabouraud’s dextrose agar with Chloramphenicol) with minimal delay (within 6-8 hours of collection of oral rinse). Candidal colonies were counted and compared with non-diabetics.Results: Statistically significant increase in colony forming units (p=0.0324) were obtainedin patients with diabetes mellitus.Conclusion: The results indicate significant increase in colonization and carriage of candida in the oral cavity among diabetics when compared with non-diabetics. However, further research using larger samples is required which may lend credibility to the suggestion of increased candidal CFUs in diabetics serving as a surrogate marker of serum glucose levels.Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2015) Vol. 5, 733-738
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Is ‘Bentall Procedure’ Still the Gold Standard for Acute Aortic Dissection with Involvement of the Aortic Root? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Myocardial Perfusion during Complex Aortic Arch Repair Reduces Myocardial Damage and Improves Clinical Outcome. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Minimally Invasive Aortic Root Replacement is Safe: Results of First Fifty Patients. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Prevalence of Leaflet Defects during Aortic Valve Repair with Normal and Aneurysmal Aortic Morphology. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Re-do Total Aortic Arch Replacements with Elephant Trunk (Classical & Frozen): A Technical Challenge? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Less Invasive Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation with Outflow-Graft Tunnelling through the Sinus Transversus. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Aortic Valve Replacement in Octogenarians with Three Different Rapid Deployment/ Sutureless Valves. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Difficult journey from delivery to discharge, case of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2015; 12:149-50. [PMID: 25552223 DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v12i2.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of congenital diaphragmatic hernia which was diagnosed prenatally for which surgical correction was done on second day of life. The child was discharged in 17 days and has resulted in good post repair condition of patient.
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330-I * "LET IT BEAT": CONTINUOUS CARDIAC PERFUSION DURING COMPLEX AORTIC ARCH REPAIR. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu276.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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013 * EUROPEAN MULTICENTRE EXPERIENCE WITH SUTURELESS PERCEVAL VALVE: CLINICAL AND HAEMODYNAMIC OUTCOMES UP TO 5 YEARS IN OVER 700 PATIENTS. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu276.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) Program at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital: A Review. NEPAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.3126/njog.v7i2.11138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Vertical transmission from mother to fetus is the main route of HIVinfection among children. This study is an effort to review utilization of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) services by pregnant women seeking care in Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital (PMWH). Methods: Case records of 165 pregnant women with HIV positive status who delivered at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu from April 2005 to Dec 2011 were reviewed. Demographic profile of these women and interventions to prevent mother to child transmission (MTCT) including antiretroviral prophylaxis (ARV), mode of delivery, infant feeding practice as well as HIV status of their children were recorded. Results: Hospital records showed 109262 antenatal attendees and 120823 deliveries including 165 HIV infected women who delivered in this facility. Prevalence of HIV infection among antenatal attendees was 0.11 % and 0.13% in hospital deliveries. Migrant worker spouse (44.2%) was the main source of infection in their wives. Eighty eight (55.7%) out of 150 eligible women received ARV drugs and 97% babies received antiretroviral prophylaxis . Spontaneous vaginal delivery occurred in 60% women and caesarean section performed in the rest. While 60.8% women opted for exclusive breast feeding, remaining 39.2% chose formula feeding. For prophylaxis of opportunistic infection, Cotrimoxazole was given to 70.3% children. The incidence of HIV infection in babies born to HIV infected mother was 5.1%. Conclusions: Integrating PMTCT services into existing maternal and child health system can significantly reduce perinatal transmission of HIV infection to children. DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i2.11138 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 2 / Issue 14 / July-Dec, 2012 / 25-28
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