Hand function assessment in the first years of life in unilateral cerebral palsy: Correlation with neuroimaging and cortico-spinal reorganization.
Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2016;
20:114-24. [PMID:
26439103 DOI:
10.1016/j.ejpn.2015.09.005]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM
The purpose of the present study was to correlate early hand function assessment during the first years of life with neuroimaging findings and the different patterns of cortico-motor reorganization in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP).
METHODS
We conducted a long prospective observational study, in which 17 children with UCP (8 left-sided hemiplegia; Manual Ability Classification System level 1-3) were first assessed at a mean age of 24 months (range 18-28), and followed up by means of the Besta Scale, a new standardized protocol assessing both unimanual and bimanual hand function. They also underwent Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function (MUUL) and single-pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) at a mean age of 10 years 5 months (range 9 y 1 m-12 y 8 m). Brain MRIs of all the 17 children were independently assessed and scored by two blinded observers, according to a defined protocol. Possible correlations between hand function at first assessment, neuroimaging and TMS data were analyzed.
RESULTS
Early hand function impairment significantly correlated with the extension of brain damage (ρ = -0.531, p = 0.028), number of involved areas (ρ = -0.608, p = 0.010), presence of radiological signs of cortico-spinal degeneration (ρ = -0.628, p = 0.007), and basal ganglia involvement (ρ = -0.485, p = 0.049). Additionally, higher hand function scores (i.e. better hand function) at first assessment significantly correlated with contralateral cortico-spinal projections, while lower scores significantly correlated with either mixed or ipsilateral cortico-spinal projections to the affected hand (χ(2)(2) = 11.418, p = 0.003; post-hoc tests: contralateral TMS group versus ipsilateral: Z = -2.943, p = 0.002 and contralateral TMS group versus mixed: Z = -2.775, p = 0.006).
CONCLUSIONS
To our knowledge, this is the first study correlating hand function assessment in the first years of life, and its evolution over time, with neuroimaging and cortico-spinal projection patterns in children with UCP. These findings could contribute to an improved prediction of prognosis and a better delineation of therapeutic interventions in young children with UCP.
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