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Anderson EK, Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Bhatt NM, Bonomi G, Capra A, Carli I, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Christensen A, Collister R, Cridland Mathad A, Duque Quiceno D, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fabbri S, Fajans J, Ferwerda A, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Golino LM, Gomes Gonçalves MB, Grandemange P, Granum P, Hangst JS, Hayden ME, Hodgkinson D, Hunter ED, Isaac CA, Jimenez AJU, Johnson MA, Jones JM, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Khramov A, Madsen N, Martin L, Massacret N, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Momose T, Mostamand M, Mullan PS, Nauta J, Olchanski K, Oliveira AN, Peszka J, Powell A, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Schoonwater J, Silveira DM, Singh J, Smith G, So C, Stracka S, Stutter G, Tharp TD, Thompson KA, Thompson RI, Thorpe-Woods E, Torkzaban C, Urioni M, Woosaree P, Wurtele JS. Observation of the effect of gravity on the motion of antimatter. Nature 2023; 621:716-722. [PMID: 37758891 PMCID: PMC10533407 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Einstein's general theory of relativity from 19151 remains the most successful description of gravitation. From the 1919 solar eclipse2 to the observation of gravitational waves3, the theory has passed many crucial experimental tests. However, the evolving concepts of dark matter and dark energy illustrate that there is much to be learned about the gravitating content of the universe. Singularities in the general theory of relativity and the lack of a quantum theory of gravity suggest that our picture is incomplete. It is thus prudent to explore gravity in exotic physical systems. Antimatter was unknown to Einstein in 1915. Dirac's theory4 appeared in 1928; the positron was observed5 in 1932. There has since been much speculation about gravity and antimatter. The theoretical consensus is that any laboratory mass must be attracted6 by the Earth, although some authors have considered the cosmological consequences if antimatter should be repelled by matter7-10. In the general theory of relativity, the weak equivalence principle (WEP) requires that all masses react identically to gravity, independent of their internal structure. Here we show that antihydrogen atoms, released from magnetic confinement in the ALPHA-g apparatus, behave in a way consistent with gravitational attraction to the Earth. Repulsive 'antigravity' is ruled out in this case. This experiment paves the way for precision studies of the magnitude of the gravitational acceleration between anti-atoms and the Earth to test the WEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Anderson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C J Baker
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - W Bertsche
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, UK.
| | - N M Bhatt
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - G Bonomi
- University of Brescia, Brescia and INFN Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Capra
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - I Carli
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C L Cesar
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Charlton
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - A Christensen
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R Collister
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Cridland Mathad
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - D Duque Quiceno
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Eriksson
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - A Evans
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - N Evetts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Fabbri
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Accelerator and Technology Sector, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Fajans
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - A Ferwerda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Friesen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - D R Gill
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - L M Golino
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - M B Gomes Gonçalves
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - P Granum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J S Hangst
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - M E Hayden
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D Hodgkinson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - E D Hunter
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C A Isaac
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - M A Johnson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, UK
| | - J M Jones
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - S A Jones
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Jonsell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Khramov
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - N Madsen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - L Martin
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - D Maxwell
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - J T K McKenna
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S Menary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Momose
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Mostamand
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P S Mullan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Nauta
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - A N Oliveira
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Peszka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Powell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - C Ø Rasmussen
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Robicheaux
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - R L Sacramento
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Sameed
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Accelerator Systems Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Sarid
- Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
- Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - J Schoonwater
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - D M Silveira
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J Singh
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G Smith
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C So
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - G Stutter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - T D Tharp
- Physics Department, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - K A Thompson
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - R I Thompson
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - E Thorpe-Woods
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - C Torkzaban
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Urioni
- University of Brescia, Brescia and INFN Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - P Woosaree
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J S Wurtele
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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2
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Morris IS, Taylor H, Fleet D, Y Lai F, Charlton M, Tang JW. Outcome of patients receiving V-V ECMO for SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory failure. Pulmonology 2023; 29:240-243. [PMID: 36717294 PMCID: PMC9837222 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I S Morris
- Glenfield Adult Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS trust, UK; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto. Toronto, Canada; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital. New South Wales, Australia
| | - H Taylor
- Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - D Fleet
- Glenfield Adult Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS trust, UK; Adult Intensive Care Unit, Royal Derby Hospital, UK
| | - F Y Lai
- Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - M Charlton
- Glenfield Adult Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS trust, UK
| | - J W Tang
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS trust, UK; Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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3
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Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Capra A, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Mathad AC, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fabbri S, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Grandemange P, Granum P, Hangst JS, Hayden ME, Hodgkinson D, Isaac CA, Johnson MA, Jones JM, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Momose T, Mullan P, Olchanski K, Olin A, Peszka J, Powell A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, Stutter G, So C, Tharp TD, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Sympathetic cooling of positrons to cryogenic temperatures for antihydrogen production. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6139. [PMID: 34686658 PMCID: PMC8536749 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The positron, the antiparticle of the electron, predicted by Dirac in 1931 and discovered by Anderson in 1933, plays a key role in many scientific and everyday endeavours. Notably, the positron is a constituent of antihydrogen, the only long-lived neutral antimatter bound state that can currently be synthesized at low energy, presenting a prominent system for testing fundamental symmetries with high precision. Here, we report on the use of laser cooled Be+ ions to sympathetically cool a large and dense plasma of positrons to directly measured temperatures below 7 K in a Penning trap for antihydrogen synthesis. This will likely herald a significant increase in the amount of antihydrogen available for experimentation, thus facilitating further improvements in studies of fundamental symmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Baker
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - W Bertsche
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M12 9PL, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK
| | - A Capra
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - C L Cesar
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - M Charlton
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - A Cridland Mathad
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - S Eriksson
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - A Evans
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - N Evetts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - S Fabbri
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M12 9PL, UK
| | - J Fajans
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7300, USA
| | - T Friesen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - M C Fujiwara
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - P Grandemange
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - P Granum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J S Hangst
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M E Hayden
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - D Hodgkinson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M12 9PL, UK
| | - C A Isaac
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - M A Johnson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M12 9PL, UK
| | - J M Jones
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - S A Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S Jonsell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Kurchaninov
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - N Madsen
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - D Maxwell
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - J T K McKenna
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S Menary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - T Momose
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - P Mullan
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - K Olchanski
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Olin
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - J Peszka
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - A Powell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - P Pusa
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK
| | - C Ø Rasmussen
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - F Robicheaux
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - R L Sacramento
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - M Sameed
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M12 9PL, UK
| | - E Sarid
- Soreq NRC, 81800, Yavne, Israel
- Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - D M Silveira
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - G Stutter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C So
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - T D Tharp
- Physics Department, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-1881, USA
| | - R I Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - D P van der Werf
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - J S Wurtele
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7300, USA
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Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Capra A, Carruth C, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Christensen A, Collister R, Mathad AC, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Grandemange P, Granum P, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Hodgkinson D, Hunter E, Isaac CA, Johnson MA, Jones JM, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Khramov A, Knapp P, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Michan JM, Momose T, Mullan PS, Munich JJ, Olchanski K, Olin A, Peszka J, Powell A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, Starko DM, So C, Stutter G, Tharp TD, Thibeault A, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Laser cooling of antihydrogen atoms. Nature 2021; 592:35-42. [PMID: 33790445 PMCID: PMC8012212 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The photon-the quantum excitation of the electromagnetic field-is massless but carries momentum. A photon can therefore exert a force on an object upon collision1. Slowing the translational motion of atoms and ions by application of such a force2,3, known as laser cooling, was first demonstrated 40 years ago4,5. It revolutionized atomic physics over the following decades6-8, and it is now a workhorse in many fields, including studies on quantum degenerate gases, quantum information, atomic clocks and tests of fundamental physics. However, this technique has not yet been applied to antimatter. Here we demonstrate laser cooling of antihydrogen9, the antimatter atom consisting of an antiproton and a positron. By exciting the 1S-2P transition in antihydrogen with pulsed, narrow-linewidth, Lyman-α laser radiation10,11, we Doppler-cool a sample of magnetically trapped antihydrogen. Although we apply laser cooling in only one dimension, the trap couples the longitudinal and transverse motions of the anti-atoms, leading to cooling in all three dimensions. We observe a reduction in the median transverse energy by more than an order of magnitude-with a substantial fraction of the anti-atoms attaining submicroelectronvolt transverse kinetic energies. We also report the observation of the laser-driven 1S-2S transition in samples of laser-cooled antihydrogen atoms. The observed spectral line is approximately four times narrower than that obtained without laser cooling. The demonstration of laser cooling and its immediate application has far-reaching implications for antimatter studies. A more localized, denser and colder sample of antihydrogen will drastically improve spectroscopic11-13 and gravitational14 studies of antihydrogen in ongoing experiments. Furthermore, the demonstrated ability to manipulate the motion of antimatter atoms by laser light will potentially provide ground-breaking opportunities for future experiments, such as anti-atomic fountains, anti-atom interferometry and the creation of antimatter molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Baker
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - W Bertsche
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, UK
| | - A Capra
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Carruth
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C L Cesar
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Charlton
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - A Christensen
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - A Cridland Mathad
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - S Eriksson
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - A Evans
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - N Evetts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J Fajans
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T Friesen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - D R Gill
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P Grandemange
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - P Granum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J S Hangst
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - W N Hardy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M E Hayden
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D Hodgkinson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E Hunter
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C A Isaac
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - M A Johnson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, UK
| | - J M Jones
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - S A Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Jonsell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Khramov
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P Knapp
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - N Madsen
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - D Maxwell
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - J T K McKenna
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Menary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J M Michan
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T Momose
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - P S Mullan
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - J J Munich
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - A Olin
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J Peszka
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - A Powell
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - P Pusa
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C Ø Rasmussen
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Robicheaux
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - R L Sacramento
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Sameed
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E Sarid
- Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
- Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - D M Silveira
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D M Starko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C So
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G Stutter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T D Tharp
- Physics Department, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - A Thibeault
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculté de Génie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - R I Thompson
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - D P van der Werf
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - J S Wurtele
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Weeks K, Lynch C, West M, Carnahan R, O’Rorke M, Oleson J, McDonald M, Stewart S, Charlton M. Rural Disparities in Surgery from Gynecologic Oncologists: Midwestern Ovarian. Ann Epidemiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Mandalia R, Poimenidi E, Edwards J, Charlton M, Hanna-Jumma S, Howells P. Reducing patient harm following inadvertent endobronchial placecement of nasogastric tubes in patients with SARS-COV-2. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020. [PMCID: PMC7598358 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Methods Results Discussion
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7
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Ahmadi M, Alves BXR, Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Capra A, Carruth C, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Cohen S, Collister R, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Granum P, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Hunter ED, Isaac CA, Johnson MA, Jones JM, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Khramov A, Knapp P, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Michan JM, Momose T, Munich JJ, Olchanski K, Olin A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, So C, Starko DM, Stutter G, Tharp TD, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Investigation of the fine structure of antihydrogen. Nature 2020; 578:375-380. [PMID: 32076225 PMCID: PMC7162817 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
At the historic Shelter Island Conference on the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics in 1947, Willis Lamb reported an unexpected feature in the fine structure of atomic hydrogen: a separation of the 2S1/2 and 2P1/2 states1. The observation of this separation, now known as the Lamb shift, marked an important event in the evolution of modern physics, inspiring others to develop the theory of quantum electrodynamics2-5. Quantum electrodynamics also describes antimatter, but it has only recently become possible to synthesize and trap atomic antimatter to probe its structure. Mirroring the historical development of quantum atomic physics in the twentieth century, modern measurements on anti-atoms represent a unique approach for testing quantum electrodynamics and the foundational symmetries of the standard model. Here we report measurements of the fine structure in the n = 2 states of antihydrogen, the antimatter counterpart of the hydrogen atom. Using optical excitation of the 1S-2P Lyman-α transitions in antihydrogen6, we determine their frequencies in a magnetic field of 1 tesla to a precision of 16 parts per billion. Assuming the standard Zeeman and hyperfine interactions, we infer the zero-field fine-structure splitting (2P1/2-2P3/2) in antihydrogen. The resulting value is consistent with the predictions of quantum electrodynamics to a precision of 2 per cent. Using our previously measured value of the 1S-2S transition frequency6,7, we find that the classic Lamb shift in antihydrogen (2S1/2-2P1/2 splitting at zero field) is consistent with theory at a level of 11 per cent. Our observations represent an important step towards precision measurements of the fine structure and the Lamb shift in the antihydrogen spectrum as tests of the charge-parity-time symmetry8 and towards the determination of other fundamental quantities, such as the antiproton charge radius9,10, in this antimatter system.
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8
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Ahmadi M, Alves BXR, Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Capra A, Carruth C, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Cohen S, Collister R, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Hunter ED, Isaac CA, Johnson MA, Jones JM, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Khramov A, Knapp P, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Michan JM, Momose T, Munich JJ, Olchanski K, Olin A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, Starko DM, Stutter G, So C, Tharp TD, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Observation of the 1S-2P Lyman-α transition in antihydrogen. Nature 2018; 561:211-215. [PMID: 30135588 PMCID: PMC6786973 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In 1906, Theodore Lyman discovered his eponymous series of transitions in the extreme-ultraviolet region of the atomic hydrogen spectrum1,2. The patterns in the hydrogen spectrum helped to establish the emerging theory of quantum mechanics, which we now know governs the world at the atomic scale. Since then, studies involving the Lyman-α line-the 1S-2P transition at a wavelength of 121.6 nanometres-have played an important part in physics and astronomy, as one of the most fundamental atomic transitions in the Universe. For example, this transition has long been used by astronomers studying the intergalactic medium and testing cosmological models via the so-called 'Lyman-α forest'3 of absorption lines at different redshifts. Here we report the observation of the Lyman-α transition in the antihydrogen atom, the antimatter counterpart of hydrogen. Using narrow-line-width, nanosecond-pulsed laser radiation, the 1S-2P transition was excited in magnetically trapped antihydrogen. The transition frequency at a field of 1.033 tesla was determined to be 2,466,051.7 ± 0.12 gigahertz (1σ uncertainty) and agrees with the prediction for hydrogen to a precision of 5 × 10-8. Comparisons of the properties of antihydrogen with those of its well-studied matter equivalent allow precision tests of fundamental symmetries between matter and antimatter. Alongside the ground-state hyperfine4,5 and 1S-2S transitions6,7 recently observed in antihydrogen, the Lyman-α transition will permit laser cooling of antihydrogen8,9, thus providing a cold and dense sample of anti-atoms for precision spectroscopy and gravity measurements10. In addition to the observation of this fundamental transition, this work represents both a decisive technological step towards laser cooling of antihydrogen, and the extension of antimatter spectroscopy to quantum states possessing orbital angular momentum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahmadi
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B X R Alves
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C J Baker
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - W Bertsche
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, UK
| | - A Capra
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Carruth
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C L Cesar
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Charlton
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - S Cohen
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - S Eriksson
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - A Evans
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - N Evetts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J Fajans
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T Friesen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - D R Gill
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J S Hangst
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - W N Hardy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M E Hayden
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - E D Hunter
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C A Isaac
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - M A Johnson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, UK
| | - J M Jones
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - S A Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - S Jonsell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Khramov
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P Knapp
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - N Madsen
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - D Maxwell
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - S Menary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J M Michan
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Momose
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - J J Munich
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - A Olin
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P Pusa
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C Ø Rasmussen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - F Robicheaux
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - R L Sacramento
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Sameed
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - D M Silveira
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D M Starko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Stutter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C So
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - T D Tharp
- Physics Department, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - R I Thompson
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - D P van der Werf
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- IRFU, CEA/Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J S Wurtele
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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9
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Moffatt S, Venturini S, Williams C, Charlton M, Thompson J. An audit of post-operative pain and related outcomes following oesophagectomy at the leicester royal infirmary. Int J Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.05.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Ahmadi M, Alves BXR, Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Capra A, Carruth C, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Cohen S, Collister R, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Isaac CA, Johnson MA, Jones JM, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Khramov A, Knapp P, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Momose T, Munich JJ, Olchanski K, Olin A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, Stutter G, So C, Tharp TD, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Characterization of the 1S-2S transition in antihydrogen. Nature 2018; 557:71-75. [PMID: 29618820 PMCID: PMC6784861 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In 1928, Dirac published an equation 1 that combined quantum mechanics and special relativity. Negative-energy solutions to this equation, rather than being unphysical as initially thought, represented a class of hitherto unobserved and unimagined particles-antimatter. The existence of particles of antimatter was confirmed with the discovery of the positron 2 (or anti-electron) by Anderson in 1932, but it is still unknown why matter, rather than antimatter, survived after the Big Bang. As a result, experimental studies of antimatter3-7, including tests of fundamental symmetries such as charge-parity and charge-parity-time, and searches for evidence of primordial antimatter, such as antihelium nuclei, have high priority in contemporary physics research. The fundamental role of the hydrogen atom in the evolution of the Universe and in the historical development of our understanding of quantum physics makes its antimatter counterpart-the antihydrogen atom-of particular interest. Current standard-model physics requires that hydrogen and antihydrogen have the same energy levels and spectral lines. The laser-driven 1S-2S transition was recently observed 8 in antihydrogen. Here we characterize one of the hyperfine components of this transition using magnetically trapped atoms of antihydrogen and compare it to model calculations for hydrogen in our apparatus. We find that the shape of the spectral line agrees very well with that expected for hydrogen and that the resonance frequency agrees with that in hydrogen to about 5 kilohertz out of 2.5 × 1015 hertz. This is consistent with charge-parity-time invariance at a relative precision of 2 × 10-12-two orders of magnitude more precise than the previous determination 8 -corresponding to an absolute energy sensitivity of 2 × 10-20 GeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahmadi
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B X R Alves
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C J Baker
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - W Bertsche
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, UK
| | - A Capra
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Carruth
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C L Cesar
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Charlton
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - S Cohen
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - R Collister
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Eriksson
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - A Evans
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - N Evetts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J Fajans
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T Friesen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M C Fujiwara
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D R Gill
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J S Hangst
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - W N Hardy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M E Hayden
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C A Isaac
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - M A Johnson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, UK
| | - J M Jones
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - S A Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - S Jonsell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Khramov
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P Knapp
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - L Kurchaninov
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - N Madsen
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - D Maxwell
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - J T K McKenna
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Menary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Momose
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J J Munich
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - K Olchanski
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Olin
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P Pusa
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C Ø Rasmussen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - F Robicheaux
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - R L Sacramento
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Sameed
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - D M Silveira
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Stutter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C So
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - T D Tharp
- Physics Department, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - R I Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - D P van der Werf
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- IRFU, CEA/Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J S Wurtele
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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11
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Rook W, Charlton M, Thompson J. Microvascular function in healthy volunteers; a comparison of manually and automatically derived measurements. Br J Anaesth 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2017.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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12
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Brown S, Charlton M, Simoes C, Thompson J. Monitoring of neuromuscular blockade during general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2017.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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13
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Serur D, Charlton M, Juluru K, Salama G, Locastro E, Bretzlaff G, Hartono C. Long term follow up of kidney donors with asymptomatic renal stones. Nephrology (Carlton) 2018; 22:649-651. [PMID: 28685942 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Patients with asymptomatic kidney stones have a high rate of progression to becoming symptomatic kidney stones when followed for several years. Small kidney stones are often found incidentally on imaging when evaluating patients for kidney donation, and there is a concern that after nephrectomy, the donor may become symptomatic and incur damage to the remaining kidney. We reviewed kidney donors at our institution with asymptomatic stones and surveyed them several years after donation to see if the stones became clinically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Serur
- Division of Nephrology and the Rogosin Institute, New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell, New York, USA
| | - Marian Charlton
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program, New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell, New York, USA
| | - Krishna Juluru
- Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell, New York, USA
| | - Gayle Salama
- Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell, New York, USA
| | - Eve Locastro
- Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell, New York, USA
| | - Gretchen Bretzlaff
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program, New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell, New York, USA
| | - Choli Hartono
- Division of Nephrology and the Rogosin Institute, New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell, New York, USA
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14
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Bourliere M, Charlton M, Manns M, Prieto M, Fernandez I, Londoño M, Kwok R, Smith C, Ngo H, Lee S, Zhang J, Arterburn S, Copans A, Rosarro L, Curry M, Flamm S. A168 USE OF LEDIPASVIR/SOFOSBUVIR (LDV/SOF) WITH OR WITHOUT RIBAVIRIN (RBV) IN GENOTYPE 1 (GT 1) HCV-INFECTED PATIENTS POST LIVER TRANSPLANT (LT): EVALUATION OF SEVERAL REAL-WORLD DATASETS (RWD). J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - M Charlton
- Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT
| | - M Manns
- Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Prieto
- Unidad de Hepatología, Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Spain, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Fernandez
- Service of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Londoño
- Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Kwok
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - C Smith
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington
| | - H Ngo
- Gilead Sciences Canada, Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - S Lee
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA
| | - J Zhang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA
| | | | - A Copans
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA
| | - L Rosarro
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA
| | - M Curry
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - S Flamm
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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15
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Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Feld J, Zeuzem S, Sulkowski MS, Foster GR, Mangia A, Charlton M, O’Leary J, Curry M, Nader F, Henry L, Hunt S. A176 SOFOSBUVIR/VELPATASVIR-BASED REGIMENS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH EXCELLENT EFFICACY AND A SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT OF PATIENTS-REPORTED OUTCOMES ACROSS PATIENT POPULATIONS: FROM NON-CIRRHOTICS TO COMPENSATED CIRRHOTICS TO DECOMPENSATED CIRRHOTICS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Feld
- Medicine, University Health Network University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Zeuzem
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Medical Center, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - G R Foster
- Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Mangia
- Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - M Charlton
- Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - J O’Leary
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - M Curry
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - F Nader
- Center for Outcomes Research, Washington
| | - L Henry
- Center for Outcomes Research, Washington
| | - S Hunt
- Center for Outcomes Research, Washington
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16
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Ahmadi M, Alves BXR, Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Butler E, Capra A, Carruth C, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Cohen S, Collister R, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Gutierrez A, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Isaac CA, Ishida A, Johnson MA, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Mathers M, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Michan JM, Momose T, Munich JJ, Nolan P, Olchanski K, Olin A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, Stracka S, Stutter G, So C, Tharp TD, Thompson JE, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Erratum: Observation of the hyperfine spectrum of antihydrogen. Nature 2018; 553:530. [PMID: 29258296 DOI: 10.1038/nature24663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nature23446.
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17
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Ahmadi M, Alves BXR, Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Capra A, Carruth C, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Cohen S, Collister R, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Isaac CA, Johnson MA, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Mathers M, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Momose T, Munich JJ, Olchanski K, Olin A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, So C, Stutter G, Tharp TD, Thompson JE, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Enhanced Control and Reproducibility of Non-Neutral Plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:025001. [PMID: 29376718 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous control of the density and particle number of non-neutral plasmas confined in Penning-Malmberg traps is demonstrated. Control is achieved by setting the plasma's density by applying a rotating electric field while simultaneously fixing its axial potential via evaporative cooling. This novel method is particularly useful for stabilizing positron plasmas, as the procedures used to collect positrons from radioactive sources typically yield plasmas with variable densities and particle numbers; it also simplifies optimization studies that require plasma parameter scans. The reproducibility achieved by applying this technique to the positron and electron plasmas used by the ALPHA antihydrogen experiment at CERN, combined with other developments, contributed to a 10-fold increase in the antiatom trapping rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahmadi
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - B X R Alves
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C J Baker
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - W Bertsche
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - A Capra
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - C Carruth
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - C L Cesar
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil
| | - M Charlton
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - S Cohen
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - R Collister
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - S Eriksson
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - A Evans
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - N Evetts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J Fajans
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - T Friesen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M C Fujiwara
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - D R Gill
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - J S Hangst
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - W N Hardy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - M E Hayden
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - C A Isaac
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - M A Johnson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - S A Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - S Jonsell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Kurchaninov
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - N Madsen
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - M Mathers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - D Maxwell
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - J T K McKenna
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - S Menary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - T Momose
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J J Munich
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - K Olchanski
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Olin
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - P Pusa
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Ø Rasmussen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - F Robicheaux
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - R L Sacramento
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil
| | - M Sameed
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - E Sarid
- Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | - D M Silveira
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil
| | - C So
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - G Stutter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - T D Tharp
- Physics Department, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881,Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, USA
| | - J E Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - R I Thompson
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - D P van der Werf
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
- IRFU, CEA/Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J S Wurtele
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
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18
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Brito Delgado A, Cohen D, Eng T, Stanley D, Shi Z, Charlton M, Gutiérrez A. Modeling the target dose fall-off in IMRT and VMAT planning techniques for cervical SBRT. Med Dosim 2018; 43:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meddos.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Kadyrov AS, Bray I, Charlton M, Fabrikant II. Quantum suppression of antihydrogen formation in positronium-antiproton scattering. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1544. [PMID: 29146898 PMCID: PMC5691179 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01721-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of antiprotons with low-energy positronium atoms is a fundamental three-body problem whose significance is its utility for formation of antihydrogen. Particular importance resides in understanding processes involving excited positronium states. Until recently such studies were performed using classical techniques. However, they become inapplicable in the low-energy domain. Here we report the results of comprehensive quantum calculations, which include initial excited positronium states with principal quantum numbers up to n i = 5. Contrary to expectation from earlier work, there are only muted increases in the cross-sections for antihydrogen formation for n i > 3. We interpret this in terms of quantum suppression of the reaction at higher angular momenta. Furthermore, the cross-sections for elastic scattering are around two orders of magnitude higher, which we attribute to the degeneracy of the positronium states. We outline some experimental consequences of our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kadyrov
- Curtin Institute for Computation and Department of Physics, Astronomy and Medical Radiation Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
| | - I Bray
- Curtin Institute for Computation and Department of Physics, Astronomy and Medical Radiation Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - M Charlton
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - I I Fabrikant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0299, USA
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20
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Narendran P, Jackson N, Daley A, Thompson D, Stokes K, Greenfield S, Charlton M, Curran M, Solomon TPJ, Nouwen A, Lee SI, Cooper AR, Mostazir M, Taylor RS, Kennedy A, Andrews RC. Exercise to preserve β-cell function in recent-onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus (EXTOD) - a randomized controlled pilot trial. Diabet Med 2017; 34:1521-1531. [PMID: 28905421 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Residual β-cell function is present at the time of diagnosis with Type 1 diabetes. Preserving this β-cell function reduces complications. We hypothesized that exercise preserves β-cell function in Type 1 diabetes and undertook a pilot trial to address the key uncertainties in designing a definitive trial to test this hypothesis. METHODS A randomized controlled pilot trial in adults aged 16-60 years diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes within the previous 3 months was undertaken. Participants were assigned to control (usual care) or intervention (exercise consultation every month), in a 1 : 1 ratio for 12 months. The primary outcomes were recruitment rate, drop out, exercise adherence [weeks with ≥ 150 min of self-reported moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA)], and exercise uptake in the control group. The secondary outcomes were differences in insulin sensitivity and rate of loss of β-cell function between intervention and control at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS Of 507 individuals who were approached, 58 (28 control, 30 intervention) entered the study and 41 completed it. Participants were largely white European males, BMI 24.8 ± 3.8 kg/m2 , HbA1c 75 ± 25 mmol/mol (9 ± 2%). Mean level of objectively measured MVPA increased in the intervention group (mean 243 to 273 min/week) and 61% of intervention participants reached the target of ≥ 150 min/week of self-reported MVPA on at least 42 weeks of the year. Physical activity levels fell slightly in the control group (mean 277 to 235 min of MVPA/week). There was exploratory evidence that intervention group became more insulin sensitive and required less insulin. However, the rate of loss of β-cell function appeared similar between the groups, although the change in insulin sensitivity may have affected this. CONCLUSION We show that it is possible to recruit and randomize people with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes to a trial of an exercise intervention, and increase and maintain their exercise levels for 12 months. Future trials need to incorporate measures of greater adherence to exercise training targets, and include more appropriate measures of β-cell function. (Clinical Trials Registry No; ISRCTN91388505).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Narendran
- The Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Diabetes, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - N Jackson
- Division of Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A Daley
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Thompson
- School for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - K Stokes
- School for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - S Greenfield
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Charlton
- Department of Diabetes, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Curran
- The Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - T P J Solomon
- The Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Nouwen
- Department of Psychology, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - S I Lee
- The Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A R Cooper
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle, University Hospitals Bristol Education and Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - M Mostazir
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences (CLES), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - R S Taylor
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - A Kennedy
- The Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Diabetes, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - R C Andrews
- University of Exeter, Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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21
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Levitsky J, Formica RN, Bloom RD, Charlton M, Curry M, Friedewald J, Friedman J, Goldberg D, Hall S, Ison M, Kaiser T, Klassen D, Klintmalm G, Kobashigawa J, Liapakis A, O'Conner K, Reese P, Stewart D, Terrault N, Theodoropoulos N, Trotter J, Verna E, Volk M. The American Society of Transplantation Consensus Conference on the Use of Hepatitis C Viremic Donors in Solid Organ Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:2790-2802. [PMID: 28556422 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The availability of direct-acting antiviral agents for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has resulted in a profound shift in the approach to the management of this infection. These changes have affected the practice of solid organ transplantation by altering the framework by which patients with end-stage organ disease are managed and receive organ transplants. The high level of safety and efficacy of these medications in patients with chronic HCV infection provides the opportunity to explore their use in the setting of transplanting organs from HCV-viremic patients into non-HCV-viremic recipients. Because these organs are frequently discarded and typically come from younger donors, this approach has the potential to save lives on the solid organ transplant waitlist. Therefore, an urgent need exists for prospective research protocols that study the risk versus benefit of using organs for hepatitis C-infected donors. In response to this rapidly changing practice and the need for scientific study and consensus, the American Society of Transplantation convened a meeting of experts to review current data and develop the framework for the study of using HCV viremic organs in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R D Bloom
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M Charlton
- Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - M Curry
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - J Friedman
- Optum Population Health Solutions, Minneapolis, MN
| | - D Goldberg
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - S Hall
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - M Ison
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - T Kaiser
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - D Klassen
- United Network of Organ Sharing, Richmond, VA
| | - G Klintmalm
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | | | | | - P Reese
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - D Stewart
- United Network of Organ Sharing, Richmond, VA
| | - N Terrault
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - J Trotter
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - E Verna
- Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - M Volk
- Loma Linda University, San Diego, CA
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22
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Ahmadi M, Alves BXR, Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Butler E, Capra A, Carruth C, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Cohen S, Collister R, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Gutierrez A, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Isaac CA, Ishida A, Johnson MA, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Mathers M, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Michan JM, Momose T, Munich JJ, Nolan P, Olchanski K, Olin A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, Stracka S, Stutter G, So C, Tharp TD, Thompson JE, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Observation of the hyperfine spectrum of antihydrogen. Nature 2017; 548:66-69. [PMID: 28770838 DOI: 10.1038/nature23446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The observation of hyperfine structure in atomic hydrogen by Rabi and co-workers and the measurement of the zero-field ground-state splitting at the level of seven parts in 1013 are important achievements of mid-twentieth-century physics. The work that led to these achievements also provided the first evidence for the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron, inspired Schwinger's relativistic theory of quantum electrodynamics and gave rise to the hydrogen maser, which is a critical component of modern navigation, geo-positioning and very-long-baseline interferometry systems. Research at the Antiproton Decelerator at CERN by the ALPHA collaboration extends these enquiries into the antimatter sector. Recently, tools have been developed that enable studies of the hyperfine structure of antihydrogen-the antimatter counterpart of hydrogen. The goal of such studies is to search for any differences that might exist between this archetypal pair of atoms, and thereby to test the fundamental principles on which quantum field theory is constructed. Magnetic trapping of antihydrogen atoms provides a means of studying them by combining electromagnetic interaction with detection techniques that are unique to antimatter. Here we report the results of a microwave spectroscopy experiment in which we probe the response of antihydrogen over a controlled range of frequencies. The data reveal clear and distinct signatures of two allowed transitions, from which we obtain a direct, magnetic-field-independent measurement of the hyperfine splitting. From a set of trials involving 194 detected atoms, we determine a splitting of 1,420.4 ± 0.5 megahertz, consistent with expectations for atomic hydrogen at the level of four parts in 104. This observation of the detailed behaviour of a quantum transition in an atom of antihydrogen exemplifies tests of fundamental symmetries such as charge-parity-time in antimatter, and the techniques developed here will enable more-precise such tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahmadi
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - B X R Alves
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C J Baker
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - W Bertsche
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M12 9PL, UK.,Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, UK
| | - E Butler
- Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland
| | - A Capra
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - C Carruth
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - C L Cesar
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil
| | - M Charlton
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - S Cohen
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - R Collister
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - S Eriksson
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - A Evans
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - N Evetts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J Fajans
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - T Friesen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M C Fujiwara
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - D R Gill
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Gutierrez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - J S Hangst
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - W N Hardy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - M E Hayden
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - C A Isaac
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - A Ishida
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M A Johnson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M12 9PL, UK.,Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, UK
| | - S A Jones
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - S Jonsell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Kurchaninov
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - N Madsen
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - M Mathers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - D Maxwell
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - J T K McKenna
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - S Menary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - J M Michan
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.,École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - T Momose
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J J Munich
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - P Nolan
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - K Olchanski
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Olin
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - P Pusa
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - C Ø Rasmussen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - F Robicheaux
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - R L Sacramento
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil
| | - M Sameed
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - E Sarid
- Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | - D M Silveira
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil
| | - S Stracka
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.,Universita di Pisa and Sezione INFN di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Stutter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C So
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - T D Tharp
- Physics Department, Marquette University, PO Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, USA
| | - J E Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - R I Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - D P van der Werf
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.,IRFU, CEA/Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J S Wurtele
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
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23
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Afdhal N, Everson GT, Calleja JL, McCaughan GW, Bosch J, Brainard DM, McHutchison JG, De-Oertel S, An D, Charlton M, Reddy KR, Asselah T, Gane E, Curry MP, Forns X. Effect of viral suppression on hepatic venous pressure gradient in hepatitis C with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24:823-831. [PMID: 28295923 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Portal hypertension is a predictor of liver-related clinical events and mortality in patients with hepatitis C and cirrhosis. The effect of interferon-free hepatitis C treatment on portal pressure is unknown. Fifty patients with Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CPT) A and B cirrhosis and portal hypertension (hepatic venous pressure gradient [HVPG] >6 mm Hg) were randomized to receive 48 weeks of open-label sofosbuvir plus ribavirin at Day 1 or after a 24-week observation period. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after therapy (SVR12) in patients who received ≥1 dose of treatment. Secondary endpoints included changes in HVPG, laboratory parameters, and MELD and CPT scores. A subset of patients was followed 48 weeks posttreatment to determine late changes in HVPG. SVR12 occurred in 72% of patients (33/46). In the 37 patients with paired HVPG measurements at baseline and the end of treatment, mean HVPG decreased by -1.0 (SD 3.97) mm Hg. Nine patients (24%) had ≥20% decreases in HVPG during treatment. Among 39 patients with pretreatment HVPG ≥12 mm Hg, 27 (69%) achieved SVR12. Four of the 33 (12%) patients with baseline HVPG ≥12 mm Hg had HVPG <12 mm Hg at the end of treatment. Of nine patients with pretreatment HVPG ≥12 mm Hg who achieved SVR12 and completed 48 weeks of follow-up, eight (89%) had a ≥20% reduction in HVPG, and three reduced their pressure to <12 mm Hg. Patients with chronic HCV and compensated or decompensated cirrhosis who achieve SVR can have clinically meaningful reductions in HVPG at long-term follow-up. (EudraCT 2012-002457-29).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Afdhal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G T Everson
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - J L Calleja
- Hospital U. Puerta de Hierro, CIBEREHD, Universidad Autonoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - G W McCaughan
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Centenary Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Bosch
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain.,Swiss Liver Center, Inselspital, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D M Brainard
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | | | - S De-Oertel
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - D An
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - M Charlton
- Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah, USA
| | - K R Reddy
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - T Asselah
- Hôpital Beaujon, Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, INSERM UMR1149 and University Paris-Diderot, Clichy, France
| | - E Gane
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M P Curry
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - X Forns
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Ahmadi M, Alves BXR, Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Butler E, Capra A, Carruth C, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Cohen S, Collister R, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Gutierrez A, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Isaac CA, Ishida A, Johnson MA, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Mathers M, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Michan JM, Momose T, Munich JJ, Nolan P, Olchanski K, Olin A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, Stracka S, Stutter G, So C, Tharp TD, Thompson JE, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Antihydrogen accumulation for fundamental symmetry tests. Nat Commun 2017; 8:681. [PMID: 28947794 PMCID: PMC5613003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antihydrogen, a positron bound to an antiproton, is the simplest anti-atom. Its structure and properties are expected to mirror those of the hydrogen atom. Prospects for precision comparisons of the two, as tests of fundamental symmetries, are driving a vibrant programme of research. In this regard, a limiting factor in most experiments is the availability of large numbers of cold ground state antihydrogen atoms. Here, we describe how an improved synthesis process results in a maximum rate of 10.5 ± 0.6 atoms trapped and detected per cycle, corresponding to more than an order of magnitude improvement over previous work. Additionally, we demonstrate how detailed control of electron, positron and antiproton plasmas enables repeated formation and trapping of antihydrogen atoms, with the simultaneous retention of atoms produced in previous cycles. We report a record of 54 detected annihilation events from a single release of the trapped anti-atoms accumulated from five consecutive cycles. Antihydrogen studies are important in testing the fundamental principles of physics but producing antihydrogen in large amounts is challenging. Here the authors demonstrate an efficient and high-precision method for trapping and stacking antihydrogen by using controlled plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahmadi
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK
| | - B X R Alves
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C J Baker
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - W Bertsche
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M12 9PL, UK.,Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK
| | - E Butler
- Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211, Geneve 23, Switzerland
| | - A Capra
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 2A3
| | - C Carruth
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7300, USA
| | - C L Cesar
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - M Charlton
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - S Cohen
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - R Collister
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 2A3
| | - S Eriksson
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - A Evans
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - N Evetts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - J Fajans
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7300, USA
| | - T Friesen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - M C Fujiwara
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 2A3
| | - D R Gill
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 2A3
| | - A Gutierrez
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - J S Hangst
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - W N Hardy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - M E Hayden
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
| | - C A Isaac
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - A Ishida
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - M A Johnson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M12 9PL, UK.,Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK
| | - S A Jones
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - S Jonsell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Kurchaninov
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 2A3
| | - N Madsen
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - M Mathers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - D Maxwell
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - J T K McKenna
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 2A3
| | - S Menary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - J M Michan
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 2A3.,École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Momose
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - J J Munich
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
| | - P Nolan
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK
| | - K Olchanski
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 2A3
| | - A Olin
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 2A3.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8P 5C2
| | - P Pusa
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK
| | - C Ø Rasmussen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - F Robicheaux
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - R L Sacramento
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - M Sameed
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - E Sarid
- Soreq NRC, Yavne, 81800, Israel
| | - D M Silveira
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - S Stracka
- Universita di Pisa and Sezione INFN di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Stutter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C So
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - T D Tharp
- Physics Department, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-1881, USA
| | - J E Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - R I Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - D P van der Werf
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.,IRFU, CEA/Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J S Wurtele
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7300, USA
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25
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Ahmadi M, Alves BXR, Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Butler E, Capra A, Carruth C, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Cohen S, Collister R, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Gutierrez A, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Isaac CA, Ishida A, Johnson MA, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Mathers M, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Michan JM, Momose T, Munich JJ, Nolan P, Olchanski K, Olin A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, Stracka S, Stutter G, So C, Tharp TD, Thompson JE, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Observation of the 1S–2S transition in trapped antihydrogen. Nature 2016; 541:506-510. [DOI: 10.1038/nature21040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Abstract
The funding of local authorities in England is done through a formula-based system which seeks to compensate authorities for having to meet higher levels of demand, and/or for facing higher levels of cost, because of the particular conditions of their local area. Differences in the population distribution of areas can affect levels of demand and also the costs of supplying services. The authors begin by questioning whether the measures of population density and sparsity in the current formulae adequately represent the effects of the settlement patterns of an area on service costs in particular. To illustrate the issue, the effects of population distribution on fire services are examined in detail. The differences in principle between the basis of the funding formula for fire services and the criteria by which the detailed activities of fire services are scrutinised by a different government department are discussed. Using a geographic information system, the authors show that the information which underlies the detailed scrutiny of each fire service could also be used to assess the effect of settlement patterns on service costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Coombes
- NorthEast Regional Research Laboratory (NE.RRL), Centre for Urban and Regional
| | - M Charlton
- Development Studies (CURDS), University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England
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27
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O'Leary JG, Levitsky J, Wong F, Nadim MK, Charlton M, Kim WR. Protecting the Kidney in Liver Transplant Candidates: Practice-Based Recommendations From the American Society of Transplantation Liver and Intestine Community of Practice. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2516-31. [PMID: 26990924 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common in patients awaiting liver transplantation, and both have a marked impact on the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of liver transplant recipients. Consequently, we reviewed the epidemiology of AKI and CKD in patients with end-stage liver disease, highlighted strategies to prevent and manage AKI, evaluated the changing liver transplant waiting list's impact on kidney function, delineated important considerations in simultaneous liver-kidney transplant selection, and projected possible future transplant policy changes and outcomes. This review was assembled by experts in the field and endorsed by the American Society of Transplantation Liver and Intestinal Community of Practice and Board of Directors and provides practice-based recommendations for preservation of kidney function in patients with end-stage liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G O'Leary
- Division of Hepatology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - J Levitsky
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - F Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M K Nadim
- Division of Nephology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M Charlton
- Intermountain Transplant Center, Murray, UT
| | - W R Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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28
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Bos L, Schouten L, van Vught L, Wiewel M, Ong D, Cremer O, Artigas A, Martin-Loeches I, Hoogendijk A, van der Poll T, Horn J, Juffermans N, Schultz M, de Prost N, Pham T, Carteaux G, Dessap AM, Brun-Buisson C, Fan E, Bellani G, Laffey J, Mercat A, Brochard L, Maitre B, Howells PA, Thickett DR, Knox C, Park DP, Gao F, Tucker O, Whitehouse T, McAuley DF, Perkins GD, Pham T, Laffey J, Bellani G, Fan E, Pisani L, Roozeman JP, Simonis FD, Giangregorio A, Schouten LR, Van der Hoeven SM, Horn J, Neto AS, Festic E, Dondorp AM, Grasso S, Bos LD, Schultz MJ, Koster-Brouwer M, Verboom D, Scicluna B, van de Groep K, Frencken J, Schultz M, van der Poll T, Bonten M, Cremer O, Ko JI, Kim KS, Suh GJ, Kwon WY, Kim K, Shin JH, Ranzani OT, Prina E, Menendez R, Ceccato A, Mendez R, Cilloniz C, Gabarrus A, Ferrer M, Torres A, Urbano A, Zhang LA, Swigon D, Pike F, Parker RS, Clermont G, Scheer C, Kuhn SO, Modler A, Vollmer M, Fuchs C, Hahnenkamp K, Rehberg S, Gründling M, Taggu A, Darang N, Öveges N, László I, Tánczos K, Németh M, Lebák G, Tudor B, Érces D, Kaszaki J, Huber W, Oerding H, Holst R, Toft P, Nedergaard HK, Haberlandt T, Jensen HI, Toft P, Park S, Kim S, Cho YJ, Trásy D, Lim YJ, Chan A, Tang S, Nunes SL, Forsberg S, Blomqvist H, Berggren L, Sörberg M, Sarapohja T, Wickerts CJ, Molnár Z, Hofhuis JGM, Rose L, Blackwood B, Akerman E, Mcgaughey J, Egerod I, Fossum M, Foss H, Georgiou E, Graff HJ, Ferrara G, Kalafati M, Sperlinga R, Schafer A, Wojnicka AG, Spronk PE, Zand F, Khalili F, Afshari R, Sabetian G, Masjedi M, Edul VSK, Maghsudi B, Khodaei HH, Javadpour S, Petramfar P, Nasimi S, Vazin A, Ziaian B, Tabei H, Gunther A, Hansen JO, Canales HS, Sackey P, Storm H, Bernhardsson J, Sundin Ø, Bjärtå A, Bienert A, Smuszkiewicz P, Wiczling P, Przybylowski K, Borsuk A, Martins E, Trojanowska I, Matysiak J, Kokot Z, Paterska M, Grzeskowiak E, Messina A, Bonicolini E, Colombo D, Moro G, Romagnoli S, Canullán C, De Gaudio AR, Corte FD, Romano SM, Silversides JA, Major E, Mann EE, Ferguson AJ, Mcauley DF, Marshall JC, Blackwood B, Murias G, Fan E, Diaz-Rodriguez JA, Silva-Medina R, Gomez-Sandoval E, Gomez-Gonzalez N, Soriano-Orozco R, Gonzalez-Carrillo PL, Hernández-Flores M, Pilarczyk K, Lubarksi J, Pozo MO, Wendt D, Dusse F, Günter J, Huschens B, Demircioglu E, Jakob H, Palmaccio A, Dell’Anna AM, Grieco DL, Torrini F, Eguillor JFC, Iaquaniello C, Bongiovanni F, Antonelli M, Toscani L, Antonakaki D, Bastoni D, Aya HD, Rhodes A, Cecconi M, Jozwiak M, Buscetti MG, Depret F, Teboul JL, Alphonsine J, Lai C, Richard C, Monnet X, László I, Demeter G, Öveges N, Tánczos K, Ince C, Németh M, Trásy D, Kertmegi I, Érces D, Tudor B, Kaszaki J, Molnár Z, Hasanin A, Lotfy A, El-adawy A, Dubin A, Nassar H, Mahmoud S, Abougabal A, Mukhtar A, Quinty F, Habchi S, Luzi A, Antok E, Hernandez G, Lara B, Aya HD, Enberg L, Ortega M, Leon P, Kripper C, Aguilera P, Kattan E, Bakker J, Huber W, Lehmann M, Sakka S, Rhodes A, Bein B, Schmid RM, Preti J, Creteur J, Herpain A, Marc J, Zogheib E, Trojette F, Bar S, Kontar L, Fletcher N, Titeca D, Richecoeur J, Gelee B, Verrier N, Mercier R, Lorne E, Maizel J, Dupont H, Slama M, Abdelfattah ME, Grounds RM, Eladawy A, Elsayed MAA, Mukhtar A, Montenegro AP, Zepeda EM, Granillo JF, Sánchez JSA, Alejo GC, Cabrera AR, Montoya AAT, Cecconi M, Lee C, Hatib F, Cannesson M, Theerawit P, Morasert T, Sutherasan Y, Zani G, Mescolini S, Diamanti M, Righetti R, Jacquet-Lagrèze M, Scaramuzza A, Papetti M, Terenzoni M, Gecele C, Fusari M, Hakim KA, Chaari A, Ismail M, Elsaka AH, Mahmoud TM, Riche M, Bousselmi K, Kauts V, Casey WF, Hutchings SD, Naumann D, Wendon J, Watts S, Kirkman E, Jian Z, Buddi S, Schweizer R, Lee C, Settels J, Hatib F, Pinsky MR, Bertini P, Guarracino F, Trepte C, Richter P, Haas SA, Eichhorn V, Portran P, Kubitz JC, Reuter DA, Soliman MS, Hamimy WI, Fouad AZ, Mukhtar AM, Charlton M, Tonks L, Mclelland L, Coats TJ, Fornier W, Thompson JP, Sims MR, Williams D, Roushdy DZ, Soliman RA, Nahas RA, Arafa MY, Hung WT, Chiang CC, Huang WC, Lilot M, Lin KC, Lin SC, Cheng CC, Kang PL, Wann SR, Mar GY, Liu CP, Carranza ML, Fernandez HS, Roman JAS, Neidecker J, Lucena F, Garcia AC, Vazquez AL, Serrano AL, Moreira LS, Vidal-Perez R, Herranz UA, Acuna JMG, Gil CP, Allut JLG, Fellahi JL, Sedes PR, Lopez CM, Paz ES, Rodriguez CG, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Vallejo-Baez A, de la Torre-Prados MV, Nuevo-Ortega P, Fernández-Porcel A, Cámara-Sola E, Escoresca-Ortega A, Tsvetanova-Spasova T, Rueda-Molina C, Salido-Díaz L, García-Alcántara A, Aron J, Marharaj R, Gervasio K, Bottiroli M, Mondino M, De Caria D, Gutiérrez-Pizarraya A, Calini A, Montrasio E, Milazzo F, Gagliardone MP, Vallejo-Báez A, de la Torre-Prados MV, Nuevo-Ortega P, Fernández-Porcel A, Cámara-Sola E, Tsvetanova-Spasova T, Charris-Castro L, Rueda-Molina C, Salido-Díaz L, García-Alcántara A, Moreira LS, Vidal-Perez R, Anido U, Gil CP, Acuna JMG, Sedes PR, Lopez CM, Corcia-Palomo Y, Paz ES, Allut JLG, Rodriguez CG, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Hamdaoui Y, Khedher A, Cheikh-Bouhlel M, Ayachi J, Meddeb K, Sma N, Fernandez-Delgado E, Fraj N, Aicha NB, Romdhani S, Bouneb R, Chouchene I, Boussarsar M, Dela Cruz MPRDL, Bernardo JM, Galfo F, Dyson A, Garnacho-Montero J, Singer M, Marino A, Dyson A, Singer M, Chao CC, Hou P, Huang WC, Hung CC, Chiang CH, Hung WT, Roger C, Lin KC, Lin SC, Liou YJ, Hung SM, Lin YS, Cheng CC, Kuo FY, Chiou KR, Chen CJ, Yan LS, Muller L, Liu CY, Wang HH, Kang PL, Chen HL, Ho CK, Mar GY, Liu CP, Grewal S, Gopal S, Corbett C, Elotmani L, Wilson A, Capps J, Ayoub W, Lomas A, Ghani S, Moore J, Atkinson D, Sharman M, Swinnen W, Pauwels J, Lipman J, Mignolet K, Pannier E, Koch A, Sarens T, Temmerman W, Elmenshawy AM, Fayed AM, Elboriuny M, Hamdy E, Zakaria E, Lefrant JY, Falk AC, Petosic A, Olafsen K, Wøien H, Flaatten H, Sunde K, Agra JJC, Cabrera JLS, Santana JDM, Alzola LM, Roberts JA, Pérez HR, Pires TC, Calderón H, Pereira A, Castro S, Granja C, Norkiene I, Urbanaviciute I, Kezyte G, Ringaitiene D, Muñoz-Bermúdez R, Jovaisa T, Vogel G, Johansson UB, Sandgren A, Svensen C, Joelsson-Alm E, Leite MA, Murbach LD, Osaku EF, Costa CRLM, Samper M, Pelenz M, Neitzke NM, Moraes MM, Jaskowiak JL, Silva MMM, Zaponi RS, Abentroth LRL, Ogasawara SM, Jorge AC, Duarte PAD, Climent C, Murbach LD, Leite MA, Osaku EF, Barreto J, Duarte ST, Taba S, Miglioranza D, Gund DP, Lordani CF, Costa CRLM, Vasco F, Ogasawara SM, Jorge AC, Duarte PAD, Vollmer H, Gager M, Waldmann C, Mazzeo AT, Tesio R, Filippini C, Vallero ME, Sara V, Giolitti C, Caccia S, Medugno M, Tenaglia T, Rosato R, Mastromauro I, Brazzi L, Terragni PP, Urbino R, Fanelli V, Luque S, Ranieri VM, Mascia L, Ballantyne J, Paton L, Mackay A, Perez-Teran P, Roca O, Ruiz-Rodriguez JC, Zapatero A, Serra J, Campillo N, Masclans JR, Bianzina S, Cornara P, Rodi G, Tavazzi G, Pozzi M, Iotti GA, Mojoli F, Braschi A, Vishnu A, Cerrato SG, Buche D, Pande R, Moolenaar DLJ, Bakhshi-Raiez F, Dongelmans DA, de Keizer NF, de Lange DW, Fernández IF, Baño DM, Moreno JLB, 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Schuepbach R, De Brito-Ashurst I, Zand F, Sabetian G, Nikandish R, Hagar F, Masjedi M, Maghsudi B, Vazin A, Ghorbani M, Asadpour E, Kao KC, Chiu LC, Hung CY, Chang CH, Li SH, Hu HC, El Maraghi S, Ali M, Rageb D, Helmy M, Marin-Corral J, Vilà C, Masclans JR, Vàzquez A, Martín-Loeches I, Díaz E, Yébenes JC, Rodriguez A, Álvarez-Lerma F, Varga N, Cortina-Gutiérrez A, Dono L, Martínez-Martínez M, Maldonado C, Papiol E, Pérez-Carrasco M, Ferrer R, Nweze K, Morton B, Welters I, Houard M, Voisin B, Ledoux G, Six S, Jaillette E, Nseir S, Romdhani S, Bouneb R, Loghmari D, Aicha NB, Ayachi J, Meddeb K, Chouchène I, Khedher A, Boussarsar M, Chan KS, Yu WL, Marin-Corral J, Vilà C, Masclans JR, Nolla J, Vidaur L, Bonastre J, Suberbiola B, Guerrero JE, Rodriguez A, Coll NR, Jiménez GJ, Brugger SC, Calero JC, Garrido BB, García M, Martínez MP, Vidal MV, de la Torre MC, Vendrell E, Palomera E, Güell E, Yébenes JC, Serra-Prat M, Bermejo-Martín JF, Almirall J, Tomas E, Escoval A, Froe F, Pereira MHV, Velez N, Viegas E, Filipe E, Groves C, Reay M, Chiu LC, Hu HC, Hung CY, Chang CH, Li SH, Kao KC, Ballin A, Facchin F, Sartori G, Zarantonello F, Campello E, Radu CM, Rossi S, Ori C, Simioni P, Umei N, Shingo I, Santos AC, Candeias C, Moniz I, Marçal R, e Silva ZC, Ribeiro JM, Georger JF, Ponthus JP, Tchir M, Amilien V, Ayoub M, Barsam E, Martucci G, Panarello G, Tuzzolino F, Capitanio G, Ferrazza V, Carollo T, Giovanni L, Arcadipane A, Sánchez ML, González-Gay MA, Díaz FJL, López MIR, Zogheib E, Villeret L, Nader J, Bernasinski M, Besserve P, Caus T, Dupont H, Morimont P, Habran S, Hubert R, Desaive T, Blaffart F, Janssen N, Guiot J, Pironet A, Dauby P, Lambermont B, Zarantonello F, Ballin A, Facchin F, Sartori G, Campello E, Pettenuzzo T, Citton G, Rossi S, Simioni P, Ori C, Kirakli C, Ediboglu O, Ataman S, Yarici M, Tuksavul F, Keating S, Gibson A, Gilles M, Dunn M, Price G, Young N, Remeta P, Bishop P, Zamora MDF, Muñoz-Bono J, Curiel-Balsera E, Aguilar-Alonso E, Hinojosa R, Gordillo-Brenes A, Arboleda-Sánchez JA, Skorniakov I, Vikulova D, Whiteley C, Shaikh O, Jones A, Ostermann M, Forni L, Scott M, Sahatjian J, Linde-Zwirble W, Hansell D, Laoveeravat P, Srisawat N, Kongwibulwut M, Peerapornrattana S, Suwachittanont N, Wirotwan TO, Chatkaew P, Saeyub P, Latthaprecha K, Tiranathanagul K, Eiam-ong S, Kellum JA, Berthelsen RE, Perner A, Jensen AEK, Jensen JU, Bestle MH, Gebhard DJ, Price J, Kennedy CE, Akcan-Arikan A, Liberatore AMA, Souza RB, Martins AMCRPF, Vieira JCF, Kang YR, Nakamae MN, Koh IHJ, Hamed K, Khaled MM, Soliman RA, Mokhtar MS, Seller-Pérez G, Arias-Verdú D, Llopar-Valdor E, De-Diós-Chacón I, Quesada-García G, Herrera-Gutierrez ME, Hafes R, Carroll G, Doherty P, Wright C, Vera IGG, Ralston M, Gemmell ML, MacKay A, Black E, Wright C, Docking RI, Appleton R, Ralston MR, Gemmell L, Appleton R, Wright C, Docking RI, Black E, Mackay A, Rozemeijer S, Mulier JLGH, Röttgering JG, Elbers PWG, Spoelstra-de Man AME, Tuinman PR, de Waard MC, Oudemans-van Straaten HM, Mejeni N, Nsiala J, Kilembe A, Akilimali P, Thomas G, Egerod I, Andersson AE, Fagerdahl AM, Knudsen V, Meddeb K, Cheikh AB, Hamdaoui Y, Ayachi J, Guiga A, Fraj N, Romdhani S, Sma N, Bouneb R, Chouchene I, Khedher A, Bouafia N, Boussarsar M, Amirian A, Ziaian B, Masjedi M, Fleischmann C, Thomas-Rueddel DO, Schettler A, Schwarzkopf D, Stacke A, Reinhart K, Filipe E, Escoval A, Martins A, Sousa P, Velez N, Viegas E, Tomas E, Snell G, Matsa R, Paary TTS, Kalaiselvan MS, Cavalheiro AM, Rocha LL, Vallone CS, Tonilo A, Lobato MDS, Malheiro DT, Sussumo G, Lucino NM, Zand F, Rosenthal VD, Masjedi M, Sabetian G, Maghsudi B, Ghorbani M, Dashti AS, Yousefipour A, Goodall JR, Williamson M, Tant E, Thomas N, Balci C, Gonen C, Haftacı E, Gurarda H, Karaca E, Paldusová B, Zýková I, Šímová D, Houston S, D’Antona L, Lloyd J, Garnelo-Rey V, Sosic M, Sotosek-Tokmazic V, Kuharic J, Antoncic I, Dunatov S, Sustic A, Chong CT, Sim M, Lyovarin T, Díaz FMA, Galdó SN, Garach MM, Romero OM, Bailón AMP, Pinel AC, Colmenero M, Gritsan A, Gazenkampf A, Korchagin E, Dovbish N, Lee RM, Lim MPP, Chong CT, Lim BCL, See JJ, Assis R, Filipe F, Lopes N, Pessoa L, Pereira T, Catorze N, Aydogan MS, Aldasoro C, Marchio P, Jorda A, Mauricio MD, Guerra-Ojeda S, Gimeno-Raga M, Colque-Cano M, Bertomeu-Artecero A, Aldasoro M, Valles SL, Tonon D, Triglia T, Martin JC, Alessi MC, Bruder N, Garrigue P, Velly L, Spina S, Scaravilli V, Marzorati C, Colombo E, Savo D, Vargiolu A, Cavenaghi G, Citerio G, Andrade AHV, Bulgarelli P, Araujo JAP, Gonzalez V, Souza VA, Costa A, Massant C, Filho CACA, Morbeck RA, Burgo LE, van Groenendael R, van Eijk LT, Leijte GP, Koeneman B, Kox M, Pickkers P, García-de la Torre A, de la Torre-Prados M, Fernández-Porcel A, Rueda-Molina C, Nuevo-Ortega P, Tsvetanova-Spasova T, Cámara-Sola E, García-Alcántara A, Salido-Díaz L, Liao X, Feng T, Zhang J, Cao X, Wu Q, Xie Z, Li H, Kang Y, Winkler MS, Nierhaus A, Mudersbach E, Bauer A, Robbe L, Zahrte C, Schwedhelm E, Kluge S, Zöllner C, Morton B, Mitsi E, Pennington SH, Reine J, Wright AD, Parker R, Welters ID, Blakey JD, Rajam G, Ades EW, Ferreira DM, Wang D, Kadioglu A, Gordon SB, Koch R, Kox M, Rahamat-Langedoen J, Schloesser J, de Jonge M, Pickkers P, Bringue J, Guillamat-Prats R, Torrents E, Martinez ML, Camprubí-Rimblas M, Artigas A, Blanch L, Park SY, Park YB, Song DK, Shrestha S, Park SH, Koh Y, Park MJ, Hong CW, Lesur O, Coquerel D, Sainsily X, Cote J, Söllradl T, Murza A, Dumont L, Dumaine R, Grandbois M, Sarret P, Marsault E, Salvail D, Auger-Messier M, Chagnon F, Lauretta MP, Greco E, Dyson A, Singer M, Preau S, Ambler M, Sigurta A, Saeed S, Singer M, Sarıca LT, Zibandeh N, Genc D, Gul F, Akkoc T, Kombak E, Cinel L, Akkoc T, Cinel I, Pollen SJ, Arulkumaran N, Singer M, Torrance HD, Longbottom ER, Warnes G, Hinds CJ, Pennington DJ, Brohi K, O’Dwyer MJ, Kim HY, Na S, Kim J, Chang YF, Chao A, Shih PY, Lee CT, Yeh YC, Chen LW, Adriaanse M, Trogrlic Z, Ista E, Lingsma H, Rietdijk W, Ponssen HH, Schoonderbeek JF, Schreiner F, Verbrugge SJ, Duran S, Gommers DAMPJ, van der Jagt M, Funcke S, Sauerlaender S, Saugel B, Pinnschmidt H, Reuter DA, Nitzschke R, Perbet S, Biboulet C, Lenoire A, Bourdeaux D, Pereira B, Plaud B, Bazin JE, Sautou V, Mebazaa A, Constantin JM, Legrand M, Boyko Y, Jennum P, Nikolic M. ESICM LIVES 2016: part one. Intensive Care Med Exp 2016. [PMCID: PMC5042924 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-016-0098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Charlton M, Prosho KA, O'Neil D. Audit of operational noise at the leicester royal infirmary aicu. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4797795 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Most non-directed donors (NDDs) decide to donate on their own and contact the transplant centre directly. Some NDDs decide to donate in response to community solicitation such as newspaper ads or donor drives. We wished to explore whether subtle coercion might be occurring in such NDDs who are part of a larger community. One successful organization in a community in Brooklyn, NY, provides about 50 NDDs per year for recipients within that community. The donors answer ads in local papers and attend donor drives. Herein, we evaluated the physical and emotional outcomes of community-solicited NDDs in comparison to traditional NDDs who come from varied communities and are not responding to a specific call for donation. An assessment of coercion was used as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Serur
- Division of Nephrology and the Rogosin Institute, New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gretchen Bretzlaff
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program, New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Christos
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Healthcare Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Farrah Desrosiers
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program, New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marian Charlton
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program, New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell, New York, NY, USA
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Kadyrov AS, Rawlins CM, Stelbovics AT, Bray I, Charlton M. Antihydrogen Formation via Antiproton Scattering with Excited Positronium. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:183201. [PMID: 26000999 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.183201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing the two-center convergent close-coupling method, we find a several order of magnitude enhancement in the formation of antihydrogen via antiproton scattering with positronium in an excited state over the ground state. The effect is greatest at the lowest energies considered, which encompass those achievable in experiment. This suggests a practical approach to creating neutral antimatter for testing its interaction with gravity and for spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kadyrov
- Curtin Institute for Computation and Department of Physics, Astronomy and Medical Radiation Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - C M Rawlins
- Curtin Institute for Computation and Department of Physics, Astronomy and Medical Radiation Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - A T Stelbovics
- Curtin Institute for Computation and Department of Physics, Astronomy and Medical Radiation Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - I Bray
- Curtin Institute for Computation and Department of Physics, Astronomy and Medical Radiation Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - M Charlton
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, SA28PP, United Kingdom
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Serur D, Charlton M, Bretzlaff G, Sinacore J, Christos P, Gordon-Elliott J. Is donating a kidney to a friend bad for your marriage? Nephrology (Carlton) 2015; 20:434-6. [PMID: 25900385 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that kidney donation to a spouse has a positive impact on marriage. This study was done to evaluate the impact on marriage when donation occurs to someone other than the spouse. Two groups of donors from our centre who donated around the same period were studied: donation to a spouse (spouse donor (SD)) or to someone other than the spouse (non-spouse donor (ND)). A survey, the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale, was used to evaluate the effect of donation on the marriage. This tool consists of 14 questions that measure how satisfying and stable the relationship is. The results showed equal or better marriage scores in the ND group compared with the SD group. The NDs scored higher on two questions, one regarding agreement or disagreement on career choices (P = 0.05) and the other regarding the frequency of having stimulating exchanges of ideas with one's spouse (P = 0.02). With the highest possible total score of 69, NDs scored 53.4 and SDs scored 47.7 (P = 0.16). Scores of 47 and below indicate marital distress. In one final additional question, 97% of NDs reported 'no change or good effect' on the marriage, similar to 91% for SDs (P = 0.46). This is the first study to evaluate the effect of kidney donation on the state of marriage when the spouse is not the recipient. It appears that marriage is not impacted negatively when kidney donation occurs to someone other than the spouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Serur
- Division of Nephrology and the Rogosin Institute, New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell, New York, USA
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Lobo CA, Kelly FE, Steynberg S, Thomas G, Pope C, Eveleigh M, Charlton M, Cook TM. Effective capnography training in the ICU using the 'hats and caps' training tool. Crit Care 2015. [PMCID: PMC4471094 DOI: 10.1186/cc14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Serur D, Charlton M, Lawton M, Sinacore J, Gordon-Elliot J. Donors in chains: psychosocial outcomes of kidney donors in paired exchange. Prog Transplant 2014; 24:371-4. [PMID: 25488561 DOI: 10.7182/pit2014222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney paired donation chains are initiated by nondirected donors and propagated by donors within the chain of transplants, or chain donors. OBJECTIVE To compare psychosocial and functional outcomes, and to test coercion, of chain donors in paired exchange versus traditional directed donors who have an established relationship with the recipient. METHODS Thirty chain donors from a transplant center who were part of the National Kidney Registry paired exchange program were compared with 34 traditional donors who donated around the same time. Participants completed online surveys: the postdonation section of the Living Donor Expectancies Questionnaire was used to assess psychosocial and functional outcomes 1 to 6 years after donation. A survey to assess coercion was used as well. RESULTS Chain donors and traditional donors were similar in terms of sex, race, age, and time after donation. The 2 groups had similar altruistic motives in donating their kidney, and both types of donors mentioned psychological benefits. No differences were found on questions regarding psychosocial outcomes save for the "quid pro quo scale" (P= .01), which suggested that the traditional donors felt more that the recipients are indebted to them. The 2 groups did not differ significantly in the coercion measure. Pressure to donate and stress of donation were not greater in chain donors than traditional donors (P= .60). CONCLUSION Kidney donors in kidney paired donation chains do as well as traditional donors psychosocially without any increased tendency toward experiencing coercion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Serur
- New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell, New York, New York
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Aull MJ, Afaneh C, Charlton M, Serur D, Douglas M, Christos PJ, Kapur S, Del Pizzo JJ. A randomized, prospective, parallel group study of laparoscopic versus laparoendoscopic single site donor nephrectomy for kidney donation. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1630-7. [PMID: 24934732 PMCID: PMC4274784 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Few prospective, randomized studies have assessed the benefits of laparoendoscopic single site donor nephrectomy (LESS-DN) over laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN). Our center initiated such a trial in January 2011, following subjects randomized to LESS-DN versus LDN from surgery through 5 years postdonation. Subjects complete recovery/satisfaction questionnaires at 2, 6 and 12 months postdonation; transplant recipient outcomes are also recorded. One hundred subjects (49 LESS-DN, 51 LDN) underwent surgery; donor demographics were similar between groups, and included a predominance of female, living-unrelated donors, mean age of 47 years who underwent left donor nephrectomy. Operative parameters (overall time, time to extraction, warm ischemia time, blood loss) were similar between groups. Conversion to hand-assist laparoscopy was required in 3 LESS-DN (6.1%) versus 2 LDN (3.9%; p = 0.67). Questionnaires revealed that 97.2% of LESS-DN versus 79.5% of LDN (p = 0.03) were 100% recovered by 2 months after donation. No significant difference was seen in satisfaction scores between the groups. Recipient outcomes were similar between groups. Our randomized trial comparing LESS donor nephrectomy to LDN confirms that LESS-DN offers a safe alternative to conventional LDN in terms of intra- and post-operative complications. LDN and LESS-DN offer similar recovery and satisfaction after donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith J. Aull
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Cheguevara Afaneh
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - David Serur
- The Rogosin Institute, New York, NY
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Melissa Douglas
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Paul J. Christos
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Sandip Kapur
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Joseph J. Del Pizzo
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Urology, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
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Amole C, Ashkezari MD, Baquero-Ruiz M, Bertsche W, Butler E, Capra A, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Eriksson S, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Gutierrez A, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Isaac CA, Jonsell S, Kurchaninov L, Little A, Madsen N, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Napoli SC, Nolan P, Olchanski K, Olin A, Povilus A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sarid E, Silveira DM, So C, Tharp TD, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Vendeiro Z, Wurtele JS, Zhmoginov AI, Charman AE. An experimental limit on the charge of antihydrogen. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3955. [PMID: 24892800 PMCID: PMC4279174 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of antihydrogen are expected to be identical to those of hydrogen, and any differences would constitute a profound challenge to the fundamental theories of physics. The most commonly discussed antiatom-based tests of these theories are searches for antihydrogen-hydrogen spectral differences (tests of CPT (charge-parity-time) invariance) or gravitational differences (tests of the weak equivalence principle). Here we, the ALPHA Collaboration, report a different and somewhat unusual test of CPT and of quantum anomaly cancellation. A retrospective analysis of the influence of electric fields on antihydrogen atoms released from the ALPHA trap finds a mean axial deflection of 4.1 ± 3.4 mm for an average axial electric field of 0.51 V mm(-1). Combined with extensive numerical modelling, this measurement leads to a bound on the charge Qe of antihydrogen of Q=(-1.3 ± 1.1 ± 0.4) × 10(-8). Here, e is the unit charge, and the errors are from statistics and systematic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Amole
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - M D Ashkezari
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - M Baquero-Ruiz
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - W Bertsche
- 1] School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK [2] The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, UK
| | - E Butler
- 1] Centre for Cold Matter, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, UK [2] Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A Capra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - C L Cesar
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil
| | - M Charlton
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - S Eriksson
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - J Fajans
- 1] Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA [2] Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Friesen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - M C Fujiwara
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2A3
| | - D R Gill
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2A3
| | - A Gutierrez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - J S Hangst
- 1] Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland [2] Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - W N Hardy
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1 [2] Canadian Institute of Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1ZA
| | - M E Hayden
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - C A Isaac
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - S Jonsell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Kurchaninov
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2A3
| | - A Little
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - N Madsen
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - J T K McKenna
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - S Menary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - S C Napoli
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - P Nolan
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - K Olchanski
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2A3
| | - A Olin
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2A3
| | - A Povilus
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - P Pusa
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
| | - C Ø Rasmussen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - F Robicheaux
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - E Sarid
- Department of Physics, NRCN-Nuclear Research Center Negev, Beer Sheva IL-84190, Israel
| | - D M Silveira
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil
| | - C So
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - T D Tharp
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - R I Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - D P van der Werf
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Z Vendeiro
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - J S Wurtele
- 1] Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA [2] Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A I Zhmoginov
- 1] Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA [2] Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A E Charman
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
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Afdhal N, Everson G, Calleja J, McCaughan G, Symonds W, Denning J, McNair L, McHutchison J, Arterburn S, Charlton M, Reddy R, Asselah T, Gane E, Forns X. O68 SOFOSBUVIR AND RIBAVIRIN FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HCV WITH CIRRHOSIS AND PORTAL HYPERTENSION WITH AND WITHOUT DECOMPENSATION: EARLY VIROLOGIC RESPONSE AND SAFETY. J Hepatol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(14)60070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Indelicato P, Chardin G, Grandemange P, Lunney D, Manea V, Badertscher A, Crivelli P, Curioni A, Marchionni A, Rossi B, Rubbia A, Nesvizhevsky V, Brook-Roberge D, Comini P, Debu P, Dupré P, Liszkay L, Mansoulié B, Pérez P, Rey JM, Reymond B, Ruiz N, Sacquin Y, Vallage B, Biraben F, Cladé P, Douillet A, Dufour G, Guellati S, Hilico L, Lambrecht A, Guérout R, Karr JP, Nez F, Reynaud S, Szabo CI, Tran VQ, Trapateau J, Mohri A, Yamazaki Y, Charlton M, Eriksson S, Madsen N, van der Werf D, Kuroda N, Torii H, Nagashima Y, Schmidt-Kaler F, Walz J, Wolf S, Hervieux PA, Manfredi G, Voronin A, Froelich P, Wronka S, Staszczak M. The Gbar project, or how does antimatter fall? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10751-014-1019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lodi-Rizzini E, Charlton M, Hayano R, Rotondi A, Venturelli L, Zurlo N. Antihydrogen formation mechanisms. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146605015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Goergen SK, Ang H, Wong F, Carse EA, Charlton M, Evans R, Whiteley G, Clark J, Shipp D, Jolley D, Paul E, Cheong JLY. Early MRI in term infants with perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury: interobserver agreement and MRI predictors of outcome at 2 years. Clin Radiol 2013; 69:72-81. [PMID: 24210250 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and non-DWI magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS), and clinical biomarkers for prediction of 2 year developmental outcome in term infants with perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen infants ≥36 weeks gestation with HIE were recruited and MRI performed day 3-7 (mean = 5). MRI was scored independently by three radiologists using a standardized scoring system. Lactate-to-N-acetylaspartate ratio (Lac:NAA) in the lentiform nucleus was calculated. Developmental assessment was performed at 2 years using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III). Interobserver agreement about abnormality in 10 brain regions was measured. Univariate analysis was performed to determine variables associated with adverse outcome (i.e., death or Bayley score for any domain <70). RESULTS Good interobserver agreement (kappa = 0.61-0.69) on scores for DWI was obtained for the cortex, putamen, and brainstem, but not for any region on non-DWI. A significant association was found between outcome and Lac:NAA (p < 0.003) and DWI scores for lentiform nucleus, thalamus, cortex, posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), and paracentral white matter (p = 0.001-0.013), but for non-DWI score only in the vermis or brainstem. A combination of Lac:NAA ≥0.25 or DWI/apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) signal abnormality in the PLIC had 100% specificity and sensitivity for poor outcome. CONCLUSION Interobserver agreement for non-DWI performed during the first week is poor. Agreement by three radiologists about the presence of abnormal signal within the PLIC on ADC/DWI images or elevation of Lac:NAA above 0.25 improved sensitivity without reducing the prognostic specificity of MRS in the 19 patients, but this requires validation in a larger group of infants with HIE who have been treated with hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Goergen
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - H Ang
- Monash Children's and Monash Newborn, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, Chinese General Hospital and Medical Center, Manila, Phillipines
| | - F Wong
- Monash Children's and Monash Newborn, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - E A Carse
- Monash Children's and Monash Newborn, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Charlton
- Monash Children's and Monash Newborn, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Developmental Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Evans
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Whiteley
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Clark
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Shipp
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Jolley
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - E Paul
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - J L Y Cheong
- Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Charlton M. The lethal and enduring inequity of deceased donor liver allocation policy for hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:2794-6. [PMID: 24119018 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Charlton
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT
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Bhat M, Charlton M. Preserving flow in liver transplant recipients: mTOR inhibitors everolimus and sirolimus are not peas from a pod. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:1633-5. [PMID: 23802724 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Amole C, Ashkezari MD, Baquero-Ruiz M, Bertsche W, Butler E, Capra A, Cesar CL, Chapman S, Charlton M, Eriksson S, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Gutierrez A, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Isaac CA, Jonsell S, Kurchaninov L, Little A, Madsen N, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Napoli SC, Nolan P, Olchanski K, Olin A, Povilus A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sarid E, Silveira DM, Stracka S, So C, Thompson RI, Turner M, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS, Zhmoginov A. Autoresonant-spectrometric determination of the residual gas composition in the ALPHA experiment apparatus. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:065110. [PMID: 23822381 DOI: 10.1063/1.4811527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the residual gas composition in the ALPHA experiment apparatus is important in our studies of antihydrogen and nonneutral plasmas. A technique based on autoresonant ion extraction from an electrostatic potential well has been developed that enables the study of the vacuum in our trap. Computer simulations allow an interpretation of our measurements and provide the residual gas composition under operating conditions typical of those used in experiments to produce, trap, and study antihydrogen. The methods developed may also be applicable in a range of atomic and molecular trap experiments where Penning-Malmberg traps are used and where access is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Amole
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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Charman AE, Amole C, Ashkezari MD, Baquero-Ruiz M, Bertsche W, Butler E, Capra A, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Eriksson S, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Gutierrez A, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Isaac CA, Jonsell S, Kurchaninov L, Little A, Madsen N, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Napoli SC, Nolan P, Olin A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sarid E, Silveira DM, So C, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS, Zhmoginov AI. Description and first application of a new technique to measure the gravitational mass of antihydrogen. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1785. [PMID: 23653197 PMCID: PMC3644108 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicists have long wondered whether the gravitational interactions between matter and antimatter might be different from those between matter and itself. Although there are many indirect indications that no such differences exist and that the weak equivalence principle holds, there have been no direct, free-fall style, experimental tests of gravity on antimatter. Here we describe a novel direct test methodology; we search for a propensity for antihydrogen atoms to fall downward when released from the ALPHA antihydrogen trap. In the absence of systematic errors, we can reject ratios of the gravitational to inertial mass of antihydrogen >75 at a statistical significance level of 5%; worst-case systematic errors increase the minimum rejection ratio to 110. A similar search places somewhat tighter bounds on a negative gravitational mass, that is, on antigravity. This methodology, coupled with ongoing experimental improvements, should allow us to bound the ratio within the more interesting near equivalence regime.
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Abstract
In an effort to expand the deceased donor pool, transplant centers have accepted expanded criteria donors as appropriate for many of the patients in the deceased donor pool. Translating this into the living donor pool is more complex. One must consider not only the quality of the organ procured but the consequences that the nephrectomy might have on the living donors for the rest of their lives. This review examines the available data on higher risk donors and the appropriateness, or lack thereof, of accepting them as kidney donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Serur
- New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program and The Rogosin Institute
| | - Marian Charlton
- New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program and The Rogosin Institute
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46
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Perrillo R, Ferret MB, Durand F, Charlton M, Gadano A, Cantisani G, Brown K, Hu W, Llamoso C. 535 SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF ENTECAVIR IN PATIENTS RECEIVING LIVER TRANSPLANT DUE TO CHRONIC HEPATITIS B. J Hepatol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(12)60548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
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Leeser DB, Aull MJ, Afaneh C, Dadhania D, Charlton M, Walker JK, Hartono C, Serur D, Del Pizzo JJ, Kapur S. Living donor kidney paired donation transplantation: experience as a founding member center of the National Kidney Registry. Clin Transplant 2012; 26:E213-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2012.01606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David B. Leeser
- Division of Transplant Surgery; Department of Surgery; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York; NY; USA
| | - Meredith J. Aull
- Division of Transplant Surgery; Department of Surgery; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York; NY; USA
| | - Cheguevara Afaneh
- Division of Transplant Surgery; Department of Surgery; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York; NY; USA
| | - Darshana Dadhania
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York; NY; USA
| | - Marian Charlton
- Division of Transplant Surgery; Department of Surgery; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York; NY; USA
| | - Jennifer K. Walker
- Division of Transplant Surgery; Department of Surgery; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York; NY; USA
| | - Choli Hartono
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York; NY; USA
| | - David Serur
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York; NY; USA
| | | | - Sandip Kapur
- Division of Transplant Surgery; Department of Surgery; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York; NY; USA
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Amole C, Ashkezari MD, Baquero-Ruiz M, Bertsche W, Bowe PD, Butler E, Capra A, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Deller A, Donnan PH, Eriksson S, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Gutierrez A, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Humphries AJ, Isaac CA, Jonsell S, Kurchaninov L, Little A, Madsen N, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Napoli SC, Nolan P, Olchanski K, Olin A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sarid E, Shields CR, Silveira DM, Stracka S, So C, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Resonant quantum transitions in trapped antihydrogen atoms. Nature 2012; 483:439-43. [PMID: 22398451 DOI: 10.1038/nature10942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen atom is one of the most important and influential model systems in modern physics. Attempts to understand its spectrum are inextricably linked to the early history and development of quantum mechanics. The hydrogen atom's stature lies in its simplicity and in the accuracy with which its spectrum can be measured and compared to theory. Today its spectrum remains a valuable tool for determining the values of fundamental constants and for challenging the limits of modern physics, including the validity of quantum electrodynamics and--by comparison with measurements on its antimatter counterpart, antihydrogen--the validity of CPT (charge conjugation, parity and time reversal) symmetry. Here we report spectroscopy of a pure antimatter atom, demonstrating resonant quantum transitions in antihydrogen. We have manipulated the internal spin state of antihydrogen atoms so as to induce magnetic resonance transitions between hyperfine levels of the positronic ground state. We used resonant microwave radiation to flip the spin of the positron in antihydrogen atoms that were magnetically trapped in the ALPHA apparatus. The spin flip causes trapped anti-atoms to be ejected from the trap. We look for evidence of resonant interaction by comparing the survival rate of trapped atoms irradiated with microwaves on-resonance to that of atoms subjected to microwaves that are off-resonance. In one variant of the experiment, we detect 23 atoms that survive in 110 trapping attempts with microwaves off-resonance (0.21 per attempt), and only two atoms that survive in 103 attempts with microwaves on-resonance (0.02 per attempt). We also describe the direct detection of the annihilation of antihydrogen atoms ejected by the microwaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Amole
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
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Afaneh C, Aull MJ, Gimenez E, Wang G, Charlton M, Leeser DB, Kapur S, Del Pizzo JJ. Comparison of laparoendoscopic single-site donor nephrectomy and conventional laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: donor and recipient outcomes. Int Braz J Urol 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-55382011000600019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Afaneh
- New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - MJ Aull
- New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - E Gimenez
- New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - G Wang
- New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - M Charlton
- New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - DB Leeser
- New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - S Kapur
- New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - JJ Del Pizzo
- New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical College
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50
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Leichtman A, Abecassis M, Barr M, Charlton M, Cohen D, Confer D, Cooper M, Danovitch G, Davis C, Delmonico F, Dew MA, Garvey C, Gaston R, Gill J, Gillespie B, Ibrahim H, Jacobs C, Kahn J, Kasiske B, Kim J, Lentine K, Manyalich M, Medina-Pestana J, Merion R, Moxey-Mims M, Odim J, Opelz G, Orlowski J, Rizvi A, Roberts J, Segev DL, Sledge T, Steiner R, Taler S, Textor S, Thiel G, Waterman A, Williams E, Wolfe R, Wynn J, Matas AJ. Living kidney donor follow-up: state-of-the-art and future directions, conference summary and recommendations. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:2561-8. [PMID: 22054039 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In light of continued uncertainty regarding postkidney donation medical, psychosocial and socioeconomic outcomes for traditional living donors and especially for donors meeting more relaxed acceptance criteria, a meeting was held in September 2010 to (1) review limitations of existing data on outcomes of living kidney donors; (2) assess and define the need for long-term follow-up of living kidney donors; (3) identify the potential system requirements, infrastructure and costs of long-term follow-up for living kidney donor outcomes in the United States and (4) explore practical options for future development and funding of United States living kidney donor data collection, metrics and endpoints. Conference participants included prior kidney donors, physicians, surgeons, medical ethicists, social scientists, donor coordinators, social workers, independent donor advocates and representatives of payer organizations and the federal government. The findings and recommendations generated at this meeting are presented.
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