1
|
Lin Q, Feng F, Cai Y, Lu X, Zeng X, Wang C, Xu S, Li J, Yuan X. Direct space-time manipulation mechanism for spatio-temporal coupling of ultrafast light field. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2416. [PMID: 38499570 PMCID: PMC10948815 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, manipulation of spatiotemporal coupling (STC) of the ultrafast light fields can be actualized in the space-spectrum domain with some 4-f pulse shapers, which suffers usually from some limitations, such as spectral/pixel resolution and information crosstalk associated with the 4-f pulse shapers. This work introduces a novel mechanism for direct space-time manipulation of ultrafast light fields to overcome the limitations. This mechanism combines a space-dependent time delay with some spatial geometrical transformations, which has been experimentally proved by generating a high-quality STC light field, called light spring (LS). The LS, owing a broad topological charge bandwidth of 11.5 and a tunable central topological charge from 2 to -11, can propagate with a stable spatiotemporal intensity structure from near to far fields. This achievement implies the mechanism provides an efficient way to generate complex STC light fields, such as LS with potential applications in information encryption, optical communication, and laser-plasma acceleration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, 311100, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuanke Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Congying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shixiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jingzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaocong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China.
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, 311100, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Cao Y, Ng J. Non-Hermitian non-equipartition theory for trapped particles. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1963. [PMID: 38438361 PMCID: PMC10912716 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The equipartition theorem is an elegant cornerstone theory of thermal and statistical physics. However, it fails to address some contemporary problems, such as those associated with optical and acoustic trapping, due to the non-Hermitian nature of the external wave-induced force. We use stochastic calculus to solve the Langevin equation and thereby analytically generalize the equipartition theorem to a theory that we denote the non-Hermitian non-equipartition theory. We use the non-Hermitian non-equipartition theory to calculate the relevant statistics, which reveal that the averaged kinetic and potential energies are no longer equal to kBT/2 and are not equipartitioned. As examples, we apply non-Hermitian non-equipartition theory to derive the connection between the non-Hermitian trapping force and particle statistics, whereby measurement of the latter can determine the former. Furthermore, we apply a non-Hermitian force to convert a saddle potential into a stable potential, leading to a different type of stable state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongyin Cao
- Institute of Advanced Photonics, School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jack Ng
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Erben E, Liao W, Minopoli A, Maghelli N, Lauga E, Kreysing M. Opto-fluidically multiplexed assembly and micro-robotics. Light Sci Appl 2024; 13:59. [PMID: 38409110 PMCID: PMC10897173 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Techniques for high-definition micromanipulations, such as optical tweezers, hold substantial interest across a wide range of disciplines. However, their applicability remains constrained by material properties and laser exposure. And while microfluidic manipulations have been suggested as an alternative, their inherent capabilities are limited and further hindered by practical challenges of implementation and control. Here we show that the iterative application of laser-induced, localized flow fields can be used for the relative positioning of multiple micro-particles, irrespectively of their material properties. Compared to the standing theoretical proposal, our method keeps particles mobile, and we show that their precision manipulation is non-linearly accelerated via the multiplexing of temperature stimuli below the heat diffusion limit. The resulting flow fields are topologically rich and mathematically predictable. They represent unprecedented microfluidic control capabilities that are illustrated by the actuation of humanoid micro-robots with up to 30 degrees of freedom, whose motions are sufficiently well-defined to reliably communicate personal characteristics such as gender, happiness and nervousness. Our results constitute high-definition micro-fluidic manipulations with transformative potential for assembly, micro-manufacturing, the life sciences, robotics and opto-hydraulically actuated micro-factories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Erben
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Weida Liao
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, UK
| | - Antonio Minopoli
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Nicola Maghelli
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Eric Lauga
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, UK
| | - Moritz Kreysing
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
- Center for Systems Biology, Dresden, 01307, Germany.
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu J, Zhang C, Wang Y, Wang M, Xu Y, Wei T, Xie Z, Liu S, Lee CK, Hu X, Zhao G, Lv X, Zhang H, Zhu S, Zhou L. All-in-one, all-optical logic gates using liquid metal plasmon nonlinearity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1726. [PMID: 38409174 PMCID: PMC10897469 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Electronic processors are reaching the physical speed ceiling that heralds the era of optical processors. Multifunctional all-optical logic gates (AOLGs) of massively parallel processing are of great importance for large-scale integrated optical processors with speed far in excess of electronics, while are rather challenging due to limited operation bandwidth and multifunctional integration complexity. Here we for the first time experimentally demonstrate a reconfigurable all-in-one broadband AOLG that achieves nine fundamental Boolean logics in a single configuration, enabled by ultrabroadband (400-4000 nm) plasmon-enhanced thermo-optical nonlinearity (TONL) of liquid-metal Galinstan nanodroplet assemblies (GNAs). Due to the unique heterogeneity (broad-range geometry sizes, morphology, assembly profiles), the prepared GNAs exhibit broadband plasmonic opto-thermal effects (hybridization, local heating, energy transfer, etc.), resulting in a huge nonlinear refractive index under the order of 10-4-10-5 within visual-infrared range. Furthermore, a generalized control-signal light route is proposed for the dynamic TONL modulation of reversible spatial-phase shift, based on which nine logic functions are reconfigurable in one single AOLG configuration. Our work will provide a powerful strategy on large-bandwidth all-optical circuits for high-density data processing in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Xu
- Department of Physics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Physics, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mudong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanming Xu
- Department of Physics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianqi Wei
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenda Xie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shiqiang Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Kuei Lee
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Gang Zhao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinjie Lv
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shining Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bluvstein D, Evered SJ, Geim AA, Li SH, Zhou H, Manovitz T, Ebadi S, Cain M, Kalinowski M, Hangleiter D, Bonilla Ataides JP, Maskara N, Cong I, Gao X, Sales Rodriguez P, Karolyshyn T, Semeghini G, Gullans MJ, Greiner M, Vuletić V, Lukin MD. Logical quantum processor based on reconfigurable atom arrays. Nature 2024; 626:58-65. [PMID: 38056497 PMCID: PMC10830422 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Suppressing errors is the central challenge for useful quantum computing1, requiring quantum error correction (QEC)2-6 for large-scale processing. However, the overhead in the realization of error-corrected 'logical' qubits, in which information is encoded across many physical qubits for redundancy2-4, poses substantial challenges to large-scale logical quantum computing. Here we report the realization of a programmable quantum processor based on encoded logical qubits operating with up to 280 physical qubits. Using logical-level control and a zoned architecture in reconfigurable neutral-atom arrays7, our system combines high two-qubit gate fidelities8, arbitrary connectivity7,9, as well as fully programmable single-qubit rotations and mid-circuit readout10-15. Operating this logical processor with various types of encoding, we demonstrate improvement of a two-qubit logic gate by scaling surface-code6 distance from d = 3 to d = 7, preparation of colour-code qubits with break-even fidelities5, fault-tolerant creation of logical Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states and feedforward entanglement teleportation, as well as operation of 40 colour-code qubits. Finally, using 3D [[8,3,2]] code blocks16,17, we realize computationally complex sampling circuits18 with up to 48 logical qubits entangled with hypercube connectivity19 with 228 logical two-qubit gates and 48 logical CCZ gates20. We find that this logical encoding substantially improves algorithmic performance with error detection, outperforming physical-qubit fidelities at both cross-entropy benchmarking and quantum simulations of fast scrambling21,22. These results herald the advent of early error-corrected quantum computation and chart a path towards large-scale logical processors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dolev Bluvstein
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Simon J Evered
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sophie H Li
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hengyun Zhou
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- QuEra Computing Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tom Manovitz
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sepehr Ebadi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Madelyn Cain
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Dominik Hangleiter
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Nishad Maskara
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Iris Cong
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xun Gao
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Giulia Semeghini
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Gullans
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Paralı U, Üstün K, Giden İH. Enhancement of optical levitation with hyperbolic metamaterials. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1734. [PMID: 38242942 PMCID: PMC10799002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The tightly focused laser beam in an optical trap has become a useful tool for many recent research areas. The momentum change in the photon-stream path of incident laser beam induces radiation force that enables trapping and manipulating mesoscopic micron-sized objects. In this study, we report the first analytical demonstration of optical trapping and levitation with radiation pressure on a transparent micron-sized spherical object made of hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM). The optical radial and axial forces acting on dielectric and HMM spherical particles are calculated using ray-optics approximation, assuming an optical levitation trapping setup. We compared the net force acting on the two objects, finding that the net radiation force exerted towards HMM particle is enhanced in the axial direction: The optical force enhancement in the HMM particle is more than ~ 8 times stronger compared to the induced force on the conventional dielectric particle with the corresponding material parameters. Besides, a better performance in the radial stabilization is observed for the HMM particle in comparison with the dielectric case, at which some oscillations and unstable saturation locations for the radial stabilization is monitored for TEM00 beam incidence. Furthermore, "zero-force" paths where radial stabilization of the HMM particle exists are also obtained for both TEM00 and [Formula: see text] laser beam incidences. Such phenomenon does not occur for particles of only dielectric and only metal material, which can be considered as another superiority of the proposed HMM particle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Paralı
- ASELSAN Inc., Mehmet Akif Ersoy Mah. İstiklal Marşı Cad. No:16, 06200, Yenimahalle-Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Kadir Üstün
- ASELSAN Inc., Mehmet Akif Ersoy Mah. İstiklal Marşı Cad. No:16, 06200, Yenimahalle-Ankara, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Halil Giden
- ASELSAN Inc., Mehmet Akif Ersoy Mah. İstiklal Marşı Cad. No:16, 06200, Yenimahalle-Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gazi University, 06570, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun J, Yang B, Koukourakis N, Guck J, Czarske JW. AI-driven projection tomography with multicore fibre-optic cell rotation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:147. [PMID: 38167247 PMCID: PMC10762230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical tomography has emerged as a non-invasive imaging method, providing three-dimensional insights into subcellular structures and thereby enabling a deeper understanding of cellular functions, interactions, and processes. Conventional optical tomography methods are constrained by a limited illumination scanning range, leading to anisotropic resolution and incomplete imaging of cellular structures. To overcome this problem, we employ a compact multi-core fibre-optic cell rotator system that facilitates precise optical manipulation of cells within a microfluidic chip, achieving full-angle projection tomography with isotropic resolution. Moreover, we demonstrate an AI-driven tomographic reconstruction workflow, which can be a paradigm shift from conventional computational methods, often demanding manual processing, to a fully autonomous process. The performance of the proposed cell rotation tomography approach is validated through the three-dimensional reconstruction of cell phantoms and HL60 human cancer cells. The versatility of this learning-based tomographic reconstruction workflow paves the way for its broad application across diverse tomographic imaging modalities, including but not limited to flow cytometry tomography and acoustic rotation tomography. Therefore, this AI-driven approach can propel advancements in cell biology, aiding in the inception of pioneering therapeutics, and augmenting early-stage cancer diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Sun
- Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Longwen Road 129, Xuhui District, 200232, Shanghai, China.
- Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique (MST), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Bin Yang
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique (MST), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nektarios Koukourakis
- Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique (MST), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juergen W Czarske
- Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique (MST), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kamba M, Shimizu R, Aikawa K. Nanoscale feedback control of six degrees of freedom of a near-sphere. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7943. [PMID: 38040746 PMCID: PMC10692201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulating the rotational as well as the translational degrees of freedom of rigid bodies has been a crucial ingredient in diverse areas, from optically controlled micro-robots, navigation, and precision measurements at macroscale to artificial and biological Brownian motors at nanoscale. Here, we demonstrate feedback cooling of all the angular motions of a near-spherical neutral nanoparticle with all the translational motions feedback-cooled to near the ground state. The occupation numbers of the three translational motions are 6 ± 1, 6 ± 1, and 0.69 ± 0.18. A tight, anisotropic optical confinement allows us to clearly observe three angular oscillations and to identify the ratio of two radii to the longest radius with a precision of 0.08 %. We develop a thermometry for three angular oscillations and realize feedback cooling of them to temperatures of lower than 0.03 K by electrically controlling the electric dipole moment of the nanoparticle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Kamba
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoga Shimizu
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Aikawa
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gu Z, Zhu R, Shen T, Dou L, Liu H, Liu Y, Liu X, Liu J, Zhuang S, Gu F. Autonomous nanorobots with powerful thrust under dry solid-contact conditions by photothermal shock. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7663. [PMID: 38001071 PMCID: PMC10674020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanorobotic motion on solid substrates is greatly hindered by strong nanofriction, and powerful nanomotors‒the core components for nanorobotic motion‒are still lacking. Optical actuation addresses power and motion control issues simultaneously, while conventional technologies with small thrust usually apply to fluid environments. Here, we demonstrate micronewton-thrust nanomotors that enable the autonomous nanorobots working like conventional robots with precise motion control on dry surfaces by a photothermal-shock technique. We build a pulsed laser-based actuation and trapping platform, termed photothermal-shock tweezers, for general motion control of metallic nanomaterials and assembled nanorobots with nanoscale precision. The thrust-to-weight ratios up to 107 enable nanomotors output forces to interact with external micro/nano-objects. Leveraging machine vision and deep learning technologies, we assemble the nanomotors into autonomous nanorobots with complex structures, and demonstrate multi-degree-of-freedom motion and sophisticated functions. Our photothermal shock-actuation concept fundamentally addresses the nanotribology challenges and expands the nanorobotic horizon from fluids to dry solid surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Gu
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Runlin Zhu
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianci Shen
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Dou
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjiang Liu
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, 300130, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Songlin Zhuang
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuxing Gu
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nguyen HT, Kasztelanic R, Filipkowski A, Pysz D, Van Le H, Stepien R, Omatsu T, Krolikowski W, Buczynski R. Broadband optical vortex beam generation using flat-surface nanostructured gradient index vortex phase masks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20255. [PMID: 37985733 PMCID: PMC10662286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46871-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a new kind of compact flat-surface nanostructured gradient index vortex phase mask, for the effective generation of optical vortex beams in broadband infrared wavelength range. A low-cost nanotechnological material method was employed for this work. The binary structure component consists of 17,557 nano-sized rods made of two lead-bismuth-gallium silicate glasses which were developed in-house. Those small rods are spatially arranged in such a way that, according to effective medium theory, the refractive index of this internal structure is constant in the radial direction and linearly changes following azimuthal angle. Numerical results demonstrated that a nanostructured vortex phase mask with a thickness of 19 μm can convert Gaussian beams into fundamental optical vortices over 290 nm wavelength bandwidth from 1275 to 1565 nm. This has been confirmed in experiments using three diode laser sources operating at 1310, 1550, and 1565 nm. The generation of vortex beams is verified through their uniform doughnut-like intensity distributions, clear astigmatic transformation patterns, and spiral as well as fork-like interferograms. This new flat-surface component can be directly mounted to an optical fiber tip for simplifying vortex generator systems as well as easier manipulation of the generated OVB in three-dimensional space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hue Thi Nguyen
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Optical Fiber Technology and Quantum Systems, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Microelectronics & Photonics, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland.
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Hong Duc University, 40-157, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam.
| | - Rafal Kasztelanic
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Optical Fiber Technology and Quantum Systems, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Microelectronics & Photonics, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Filipkowski
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Optical Fiber Technology and Quantum Systems, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Microelectronics & Photonics, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pysz
- Department of Optical Fiber Technology and Quantum Systems, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Microelectronics & Photonics, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hieu Van Le
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Hong Duc University, 40-157, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Ryszard Stepien
- Department of Optical Fiber Technology and Quantum Systems, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Microelectronics & Photonics, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Takashige Omatsu
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33, Chiba, Japan
| | - Wieslaw Krolikowski
- Department of Quantum Science and Technologies, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ryszard Buczynski
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Optical Fiber Technology and Quantum Systems, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Microelectronics & Photonics, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen J, Chen Z, Meng C, Zhou J, Peng Y, Dai X, Li J, Zhong Y, Chen X, Yuan W, Ho HP, Gao BZ, Qu J, Zhang X, Zhang H, Shao Y. CRISPR-powered optothermal nanotweezers: Diverse bio-nanoparticle manipulation and single nucleotide identification. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:273. [PMID: 37973904 PMCID: PMC10654382 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Optothermal nanotweezers have emerged as an innovative optical manipulation technique in the past decade, which revolutionized classical optical manipulation by efficiently capturing a broader range of nanoparticles. However, the optothermal temperature field was merely employed for in-situ manipulation of nanoparticles, its potential for identifying bio-nanoparticles remains largely untapped. Hence, based on the synergistic effect of optothermal manipulation and CRIPSR-based bio-detection, we developed CRISPR-powered optothermal nanotweezers (CRONT). Specifically, by harnessing diffusiophoresis and thermo-osmotic flows near the substrate upon optothermal excitation, we successfully trapped and enriched DNA functionalized gold nanoparticles, CRISPR-associated proteins, as well as DNA strands. Remarkably, we built an optothermal scheme for enhancing CRISPR-based single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection at single molecule level, while also introducing a novel CRISPR methodology for observing nucleotide cleavage. Therefore, this innovative approach has endowed optical tweezers with DNA identification ability in aqueous solution which was unattainable before. With its high specificity and feasibility for in-situ bio-nanoparticle manipulation and identification, CRONT will become a universal tool in point-of-care diagnosis, biophotonics, and bio-nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Changle Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jianxing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yuhang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiaoqi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jingfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yili Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wu Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho-Pui Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Bruce Zhi Gao
- Department of Bioengineering and COMSET, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Junle Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Yonghong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fu W, Chi H, Dai X, Zhu H, Mesias VSD, Liu W, Huang J. Efficient optical plasmonic tweezer-controlled single-molecule SERS characterization of pH-dependent amylin species in aqueous milieus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6996. [PMID: 37914718 PMCID: PMC10620188 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is challenging to characterize single or a few biomolecules in physiological milieus without excluding the influences of surrounding environment. Here we utilize optical plasmonic trapping to construct a dynamic nanocavity, which reduces the diffraction-limited detection volume and provides reproducible electromagnetic field enhancements to achieve high-throughput single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) characterizations in aqueous environments. Specifically, we study human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (amylin, hIAPP) under different physiological pH conditions by combining spectroscopic experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Based on a statistically significant amount of time-dependent SERS spectra, two types of low-populated transient species of hIAPP containing either turn or β-sheet structure among its predominant helix-coil monomers are characterized during the early-stage incubation at neutral condition, which play a crucial role in driving irreversible amyloid fibril developments even after a subsequent adjustment of pH to continue the prolonged incubation at acidic condition. Our results might provide profound mechanistic insight into the pH-regulated amyloidogenesis and introduce an alternative approach for investigating complex biological processes at the single-molecule level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Fu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huanyu Chi
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Health@InnoHK, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongni Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vince St Dollente Mesias
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jinqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim Y, Zheng Y. Advancing optothermal manipulation: decoupling temperature and flow fields in quasi-isothermal microscale streaming. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:211. [PMID: 37652899 PMCID: PMC10471763 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
By decoupling temperature and flow fields through symmetry-correlated laser scan sequences, ISO-FLUCS enables quasi-isothermal optofluidic microscale streaming. This technique offers precise control over fluid manipulation while minimizing thermal damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngsun Kim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu GB, Dai JY, Shum KM, Chan KF, Cheng Q, Cui TJ, Chan CH. A universal metasurface antenna to manipulate all fundamental characteristics of electromagnetic waves. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5155. [PMID: 37620303 PMCID: PMC10449906 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metasurfaces have promising potential to revolutionize a variety of photonic and electronic device technologies. However, metasurfaces that can simultaneously and independently control all electromagnetics (EM) waves' properties, including amplitude, phase, frequency, polarization, and momentum, with high integrability and programmability, are challenging and have not been successfully attempted. Here, we propose and demonstrate a microwave universal metasurface antenna (UMA) capable of dynamically, simultaneously, independently, and precisely manipulating all the constitutive properties of EM waves in a software-defined manner. Our UMA further facilitates the spatial- and time-varying wave properties, leading to more complicated waveform generation, beamforming, and direct information manipulations. In particular, the UMA can directly generate the modulated waveforms carrying digital information that can fundamentally simplify the architecture of information transmitter systems. The proposed UMA with unparalleled EM wave and information manipulation capabilities will spark a surge of applications from next-generation wireless systems, cognitive sensing, and imaging to quantum optics and quantum information science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jun Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Kam Man Shum
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ka Fai Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Tie Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Chi Hou Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Big Data Imaging and Communication, Shenzhen, 518048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kollipara PS, Li X, Li J, Chen Z, Ding H, Kim Y, Huang S, Qin Z, Zheng Y. Hypothermal opto-thermophoretic tweezers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5133. [PMID: 37612299 PMCID: PMC10447564 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical tweezers have profound importance across fields ranging from manufacturing to biotechnology. However, the requirement of refractive index contrast and high laser power results in potential photon and thermal damage to the trapped objects, such as nanoparticles and biological cells. Optothermal tweezers have been developed to trap particles and biological cells via opto-thermophoresis with much lower laser powers. However, the intense laser heating and stringent requirement of the solution environment prevent their use for general biological applications. Here, we propose hypothermal opto-thermophoretic tweezers (HOTTs) to achieve low-power trapping of diverse colloids and biological cells in their native fluids. HOTTs exploit an environmental cooling strategy to simultaneously enhance the thermophoretic trapping force at sub-ambient temperatures and suppress the thermal damage to target objects. We further apply HOTTs to demonstrate the three-dimensional manipulation of functional plasmonic vesicles for controlled cargo delivery. With their noninvasiveness and versatile capabilities, HOTTs present a promising tool for fundamental studies and practical applications in materials science and biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiuying Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Jingang Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zhihan Chen
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hongru Ding
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Youngsun Kim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Suichu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education and School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 15001, China
| | - Zhenpeng Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schroff P, La Rooij A, Haller E, Kuhr S. Accurate holographic light potentials using pixel crosstalk modelling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3252. [PMID: 36828926 PMCID: PMC9958060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbitrary light potentials have proven to be a valuable and versatile tool in many quantum information and quantum simulation experiments with ultracold atoms. Using a phase-modulating spatial light modulator (SLM), we generate arbitrary light potentials holographically with measured efficiencies between 15 and 40% and an accuracy of [Formula: see text] root-mean-squared error. Key to the high accuracy is the modelling of pixel crosstalk of the SLM on a sub-pixel scale which is relevant especially for large light potentials. We employ conjugate gradient minimisation to calculate the SLM phase pattern for a given target light potential after measuring the intensity and wavefront at the SLM. Further, we use camera feedback to reduce experimental errors, we remove optical vortices and investigate the difference between the angular spectrum method and the Fourier transform to simulate the propagation of light. Using a combination of all these techniques, we achieved more accurate and efficient light potentials compared to previous studies, and generated a series of potentials relevant for cold atom experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Schroff
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - Arthur La Rooij
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK.
| | - Elmar Haller
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - Stefan Kuhr
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Devi A, Yadav S, De AK. Complementing two-photon fluorescence detection with backscatter detection to decipher multiparticle dynamics inside a nonlinear laser trap. Sci Rep 2023; 13:739. [PMID: 36639412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Using wide-field and point detection modalities, we show how optical trapping dynamics under femtosecond pulsed excitation can be explored by complementing detection of two-photon fluorescence with backscatter. Radial trajectories of trapped particles are mapped from correlated/anti-correlated fluctuations in backscatter pattern whereas temporal evolution of two-photon fluorescence is used to mark the onset of trapping involving multiple particles. Simultaneous confocal detection of backscatter and two-photon fluorescence estimates axial trap stiffness, delineating short-time trapping dynamics. When a second particle is being trapped an oscillatory signal is observed which is due to interference of backscatter amplitudes, revealing inter-particle interactions within the trap. These findings are crucial steps forward to achieve controlled manipulation by harnessing optical nonlinearity under femtosecond pulsed excitation.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kiya R, Tang T, Tanaka Y, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y. Microsecond cell triple-sorting enabled by multiple pulse irradiation of femtosecond laser. Sci Rep 2023; 13:405. [PMID: 36624119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond-laser-assisted cell manipulation, as one of the high throughput cell sorting techniques, is tailored for single-step multiple sorting based on controllable impulsive force. In this paper, femtosecond laser pulses are focused within a pocket structure and they induce an impulse force acting on the flowing objects. The impulsive force is shown to be controllable by a new method to adjust the femtosecond pulse properties. This allows precise streamline manipulation of objects having various physical qualities (e.g., weight and volume). The pulse energy, pulse number, and pulse interval of the femtosecond laser are altered to determine the impulsive force strength. The method is validated in single cell or bead triple-sorting experiments and its capability to perform streamline manipulation in as little as 10 μs is shown. The shift profiles of the beads acting under the impulsive force are studied in order to better understand the sorting mechanism. Additionally, beads and cells with different fluorescence intensities are successfully detected and directed into different microchannels, with maximum success rates of 90% and 64.5%, respectively. To sum up, all results suggest that this method has the potential to sort arbitrary subpopulations by altering the number of femtosecond pulses and that it takes the first step toward developing a single-step multi-selective system.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Z, Ren W. Mid-infrared optical modulator enabled by photothermal effect. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:7. [PMID: 36588103 PMCID: PMC9806103 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal effect in a gas-filled hollow-core fiber may result in agile mid-infrared optical modulators for broadband phase modulation and high extinction ratio intensity modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fresno-Hernández A, Marqués MI. Opto-mechanically generated resonant field enhancement. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18292. [PMID: 36316389 PMCID: PMC9622864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A link between the resonant cumulative field enhancement experienced by a chain of plasmonic nanoparticles in a light field and the orientation of the chain with respect to the field is obtained. We calculate analytically the optical torque and the equilibrium configuration and we show how stable orientations are triggered by the geometric resonance conditions. Analytical predictions are checked using numerical calculations based on the coupled dipoles method (CDA) for the particular case of a chain of silver nanoparticles. The reported resonance driven optical torque allows for a tuning of the orientation of the chain depending on radiation's wavelength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Fresno-Hernández
- Grupo de Displays y Aplicaciones Fotónicas (GDAF), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel I Marqués
- Departamento Física de Materiales, IFIMAC and Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C. Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Existing single-cell adhesion kinetics methods are performed under conditions highly unlike the physiological cell adhesion conditions. Now, researchers have developed a new optical technique for high-precision measurement of cell lateral adhesion kinetics in complex clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- Acoustic Robotics Systems Laboratory, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ahmed
- Acoustic Robotics Systems Laboratory, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shi L, Li B, Matusik W. End-to-end learning of 3D phase-only holograms for holographic display. Light Sci Appl 2022; 11:247. [PMID: 35922407 PMCID: PMC9349218 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Computer-generated holography (CGH) provides volumetric control of coherent wavefront and is fundamental to applications such as volumetric 3D displays, lithography, neural photostimulation, and optical/acoustic trapping. Recently, deep learning-based methods emerged as promising computational paradigms for CGH synthesis that overcome the quality-runtime tradeoff in conventional simulation/optimization-based methods. Yet, the quality of the predicted hologram is intrinsically bounded by the dataset's quality. Here we introduce a new hologram dataset, MIT-CGH-4K-V2, that uses a layered depth image as a data-efficient volumetric 3D input and a two-stage supervised+unsupervised training protocol for direct synthesis of high-quality 3D phase-only holograms. The proposed system also corrects vision aberration, allowing customization for end-users. We experimentally show photorealistic 3D holographic projections and discuss relevant spatial light modulator calibration procedures. Our method runs in real-time on a consumer GPU and 5 FPS on an iPhone 13 Pro, promising drastically enhanced performance for the applications above.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shi
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Beichen Li
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Wojciech Matusik
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jagiełło A, Castillo U, Botvinick E. Cell mediated remodeling of stiffness matched collagen and fibrin scaffolds. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11736. [PMID: 35817812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are known to continuously remodel their local extracellular matrix (ECM) and in a reciprocal way, they can also respond to mechanical and biochemical properties of their fibrous environment. In this study, we measured how stiffness around dermal fibroblasts (DFs) and human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells differs with concentration of rat tail type 1 collagen (T1C) and type of ECM. Peri-cellular stiffness was probed in four directions using multi-axes optical tweezers active microrheology (AMR). First, we found that neither cell type significantly altered local stiffness landscape at different concentrations of T1C. Next, rat tail T1C, bovine skin T1C and fibrin cell-free hydrogels were polymerized at concentrations formulated to match median stiffness value. Each of these hydrogels exhibited distinct fiber architecture. Stiffness landscape and fibronectin secretion, but not nuclear/cytoplasmic YAP ratio differed with ECM type. Further, cell response to Y27632 or BB94 treatments, inhibiting cell contractility and activity of matrix metalloproteinases, respectively, was also dependent on ECM type. Given differential effect of tested ECMs on peri-cellular stiffness landscape, treatment effect and cell properties, this study underscores the need for peri-cellular and not bulk stiffness measurements in studies on cellular mechanotransduction.
Collapse
|
24
|
Xiang J, Tao Z, Li X, Zhao Y, He Y, Guo X, Su Y. Metamaterial-enabled arbitrary on-chip spatial mode manipulation. Light Sci Appl 2022; 11:168. [PMID: 35650178 PMCID: PMC9160251 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
On-chip spatial mode operation, represented as mode-division multiplexing (MDM), can support high-capacity data communications and promise superior performance in various systems and numerous applications from optical sensing to nonlinear and quantum optics. However, the scalability of state-of-the-art mode manipulation techniques is significantly hindered not only by the particular mode-order-oriented design strategy but also by the inherent limitations of possibly achievable mode orders. Recently, metamaterials capable of providing subwavelength-scale control of optical wavefronts have emerged as an attractive alternative to manipulate guided modes with compact footprints and broadband functionalities. Herein, we propose a universal yet efficient design framework based on the topological metamaterial building block (BB), enabling the excitation of arbitrary high-order spatial modes in silicon waveguides. By simply programming the layout of multiple fully etched dielectric metamaterial perturbations with predefined mathematical formulas, arbitrary high-order mode conversion and mode exchange can be simultaneously realized with uniform and competitive performance. The extraordinary scalability of the metamaterial BB frame is experimentally benchmarked by a record high-order mode operator up to the twentieth. As a proof of conceptual application, an 8-mode MDM data transmission of 28-GBaud 16-QAM optical signals is also verified with an aggregate data rate of 813 Gb/s (7% FEC). This user-friendly metamaterial BB concept marks a quintessential breakthrough for comprehensive manipulation of spatial light on-chip by breaking the long-standing shackles on the scalability, which may open up fascinating opportunities for complex photonic functionalities previously inaccessible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xingfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yaotian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuhan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Yikai Su
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wan Z, Shen Y, Wang Z, Shi Z, Liu Q, Fu X. Divergence-degenerate spatial multiplexing towards future ultrahigh capacity, low error-rate optical communications. Light Sci Appl 2022; 11:144. [PMID: 35585043 PMCID: PMC9117247 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Spatial mode (de)multiplexing of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams is a promising solution to address future bandwidth issues, but the rapidly increasing divergence with the mode order severely limits the practically addressable number of OAM modes. Here we present a set of multi-vortex geometric beams (MVGBs) as high-dimensional information carriers for free-space optical communication, by virtue of three independent degrees of freedom (DoFs) including central OAM, sub-beam OAM, and coherent-state phase. The novel modal basis set has high divergence degeneracy, and highly consistent propagation behaviors among all spatial modes, capable of increasing the addressable spatial channels by two orders of magnitude than OAM basis as predicted. We experimentally realize the tri-DoF MVGB mode (de)multiplexing and data transmission by the conjugated modulation method, demonstrating lower error rates caused by center offset and coherent background noise, compared with OAM basis. Our work provides a potentially useful basis for the next generation of large-scale dense data communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhensong Wan
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, 100084, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yijie Shen
- Optoelectronics Research center, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, 100084, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, 100084, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, 100084, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Xing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, 100084, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Iqbal MW, Marsal N, Montemezzani G. Non-circularly shaped conical diffraction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7317. [PMID: 35513444 PMCID: PMC9072370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Waves with tailored shape and vectorial non-homogeneous polarization are of much interest due to the many prospects for relevant applications in the classical and quantum domains. Such vector beams can be generated naturally via conical diffraction in optically biaxial crystals. The recent strongly revived attention to this phenomenon is motivated by modern applications such as optical trapping, polarimetry or super-resolution imaging, partly enabled by new configurations increasing the beam complexity, like those with several crystals in cascade. However, up to now all beams generated by conical diffraction conserve at their sharpest plane the underlying circular shape connected with the planar section of light cones. Here we show that a proper manipulation in wave-vector space within a conical diffraction cascade produces vector beams with highly peculiar non-circular forms, leading to an interesting and reconfigurable platform for easily shaping all structured wave properties, increasing complexity and information content. The experimental observations are confirmed by numerical integration of a paraxial model incorporating the effects of the wave-vector space manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqar Iqbal
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, 57000, Metz, France.
- Chair in Photonics, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, 57000, Metz, France.
| | - Nicolas Marsal
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, 57000, Metz, France
- Chair in Photonics, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, 57000, Metz, France
| | - Germano Montemezzani
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, 57000, Metz, France
- Chair in Photonics, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, 57000, Metz, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cao J, Yang Q, Miao Y, Li Y, Qiu S, Zhu Z, Wang P, Chen Z. Enhance the delivery of light energy ultra-deep into turbid medium by controlling multiple scattering photons to travel in open channels. Light Sci Appl 2022; 11:108. [PMID: 35462570 PMCID: PMC9035453 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple light scattering is considered as the major limitation for deep imaging and focusing in turbid media. In this paper, we present an innovative method to overcome this limitation and enhance the delivery of light energy ultra-deep into turbid media with significant improvement in focusing. Our method is based on a wide-field reflection matrix optical coherence tomography (RM-OCT). The time-reversal decomposition of the RM is calibrated with the Tikhonov regularization parameter in order to get more accurate reversal results deep inside the scattering sample. We propose a concept named model energy matrix, which provides a direct mapping of light energy distribution inside the scattering sample. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that a method to measure and quantify the distribution of beam intensity inside a scattering sample is demonstrated. By employing the inversion of RM to find the matched wavefront and shaping with a phase-only spatial light modulator, we succeeded in both focusing a beam deep (~9.6 times of scattering mean free path, SMFP) inside the sample and increasing the delivery of light energy by an order of magnitude at an ultra-deep (~14.4 SMFP) position. This technique provides a powerful tool to understand the propagation of photon in a scattering medium and opens a new way to focus light inside biological tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
| | - Yusi Miao
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Saijun Qiu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Zhikai Zhu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Pinghe Wang
- China State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Landenberger B, Yatish, Rohrbach A. Towards non-blind optical tweezing by finding 3D refractive index changes through off-focus interferometric tracking. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6922. [PMID: 34836958 PMCID: PMC8626468 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern 3D microscopy, holding and orienting arbitrary biological objects with optical forces instead of using coverslips and gel cylinders is still a vision. Although optical trapping forces are strong enough and related photodamage is acceptable, the precise (re-) orientation of large specimen with multiple optical traps is difficult, since they grab blindly at the object and often slip off. Here, we present an approach to localize and track regions with increased refractive index using several holographic optical traps with a single camera in an off-focus position. We estimate the 3D grabbing positions around several trapping foci in parallel through analysis of the beam deformations, which are continuously measured by defocused camera images of cellular structures inside cell clusters. Although non-blind optical trapping is still a vision, this is an important step towards fully computer-controlled orientation and feature-optimized laser scanning of sub-mm sized biological specimen for future 3D light microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Landenberger
- grid.5963.9Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yatish
- grid.5963.9Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany ,CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Rohrbach
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany. .,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li X, Liu Y, Lin Z, Ng J, Chan CT. Non-Hermitian physics for optical manipulation uncovers inherent instability of large clusters. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6597. [PMID: 34782596 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense light traps and binds small particles, offering unique control to the microscopic world. With incoming illumination and radiative losses, optical forces are inherently nonconservative, thus non-Hermitian. Contrary to conventional systems, the operator governing time evolution is real and asymmetric (i.e., non-Hermitian), which inevitably yield complex eigenvalues when driven beyond the exceptional points, where light pumps in energy that eventually "melts" the light-bound structures. Surprisingly, unstable complex eigenvalues are prevalent for clusters with ~10 or more particles, and in the many-particle limit, their presence is inevitable. As such, optical forces alone fail to bind a large cluster. Our conclusion does not contradict with the observation of large optically-bound cluster in a fluid, where the ambient damping can take away the excess energy and restore the stability. The non-Hermitian theory overturns the understanding of optical trapping and binding, and unveils the critical role played by non-Hermiticity and exceptional points, paving the way for large-scale manipulation.
Collapse
|
30
|
Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Capra A, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Mathad AC, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fabbri S, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Grandemange P, Granum P, Hangst JS, Hayden ME, Hodgkinson D, Isaac CA, Johnson MA, Jones JM, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Momose T, Mullan P, Olchanski K, Olin A, Peszka J, Powell A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, Stutter G, So C, Tharp TD, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Sympathetic cooling of positrons to cryogenic temperatures for antihydrogen production. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6139. [PMID: 34686658 PMCID: PMC8536749 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The positron, the antiparticle of the electron, predicted by Dirac in 1931 and discovered by Anderson in 1933, plays a key role in many scientific and everyday endeavours. Notably, the positron is a constituent of antihydrogen, the only long-lived neutral antimatter bound state that can currently be synthesized at low energy, presenting a prominent system for testing fundamental symmetries with high precision. Here, we report on the use of laser cooled Be+ ions to sympathetically cool a large and dense plasma of positrons to directly measured temperatures below 7 K in a Penning trap for antihydrogen synthesis. This will likely herald a significant increase in the amount of antihydrogen available for experimentation, thus facilitating further improvements in studies of fundamental symmetries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Baker
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - W Bertsche
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M12 9PL, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK
| | - A Capra
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - C L Cesar
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - M Charlton
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - A Cridland Mathad
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - S Eriksson
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - A Evans
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - N Evetts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - S Fabbri
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M12 9PL, UK
| | - J Fajans
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7300, USA
| | - T Friesen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - M C Fujiwara
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - P Grandemange
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - P Granum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J S Hangst
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M E Hayden
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - D Hodgkinson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M12 9PL, UK
| | - C A Isaac
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - M A Johnson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M12 9PL, UK
| | - J M Jones
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - S A Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S Jonsell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Kurchaninov
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - N Madsen
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - D Maxwell
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - J T K McKenna
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S Menary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - T Momose
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - P Mullan
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - K Olchanski
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Olin
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - J Peszka
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - A Powell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - P Pusa
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK
| | - C Ø Rasmussen
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - F Robicheaux
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - R L Sacramento
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - M Sameed
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M12 9PL, UK
| | - E Sarid
- Soreq NRC, 81800, Yavne, Israel
- Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - D M Silveira
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - G Stutter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C So
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - T D Tharp
- Physics Department, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-1881, USA
| | - R I Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - D P van der Werf
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - J S Wurtele
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7300, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Aqhili A, Darbari S. A numerical study on the closed packed array of gold discs as an efficient dual mode plasmonic tweezers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20656. [PMID: 34667247 PMCID: PMC8526587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we propose the closed pack array of gold discs on glass, as a dual mode plasmonic tweezers that benefits from two trapping modes. The first trapping mode is based on leaky surface plasmon mode (LSPM) on the gold discs with a longer penetration depth in the water and a longer spatial trapping range, so that target nanoparticles with a radius of 100 nm can be attracted toward the gold surface from a vertical distance of about 2 µm. This trapping mode can help to overcome the inherent short range trapping challenge in the plasmonic tweezers. The second trapping mode is based on the dimer surface plasmonic mode (DSPM) in the nano-slits between the neighboring gold discs, leading to isolated and strong trapping sites for nanoparticles smaller than 34 nm. The proposed plasmonic tweezers can be excited in both LSPM and DSPM modes by switching the incident wavelength, resulting in promising and complementary functionalities. In the proposed plasmonic tweezers, we can attract the target particles towards the gold surface by LSPM gradient force, and trap them within a wide half width half maximum (HWHM) that allows studying the interactions between the trapped particles, due to their spatial proximity. Then, by switching to the DSPM trapping mode, we can rearrange the particles in a periodic pattern of isolated and stiff traps. The proposed plasmonic structure and the presented study opens a new insight for realizing efficient, dual-mode tweezers with complementary characteristics, suitable for manipulation of nanoparticles. Our thermal simulations demonstrate that the thermal-induced forces does not interefe with the proposed plasmonic tweezing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Aqhili
- grid.412266.50000 0001 1781 3962Nano Plasmo-Photonics Research Group, Faculty of ECE, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-111 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Darbari
- grid.412266.50000 0001 1781 3962Nano Plasmo-Photonics Research Group, Faculty of ECE, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-111 Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tang W, Lyu W, Lu J, Liu F, Wang J, Yan W, Qiu M. Micro-scale opto-thermo-mechanical actuation in the dry adhesive regime. Light Sci Appl 2021; 10:193. [PMID: 34552048 PMCID: PMC8458461 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00622-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Realizing optical manipulation of microscopic objects is crucial in the research fields of life science, condensed matter physics, and physical chemistry. In non-liquid environments, this task is commonly regarded as difficult due to strong adhesive surface force (~µN) attached to solid interfaces that makes tiny optical driven force (~pN) insignificant. Here, by recognizing the microscopic interaction mechanism between friction force-the parallel component of surface force on a contact surface-and thermoelastic waves induced by pulsed optical absorption, we establish a general principle enabling the actuation of micro-objects on dry frictional surfaces based on the opto-thermo-mechanical effects. Theoretically, we predict that nanosecond pulsed optical absorption with mW-scale peak power is sufficient to tame µN-scale friction force. Experimentally, we demonstrate the two-dimensional spiral motion of gold plates on micro-fibers driven by nanosecond laser pulses, and reveal the rules of motion control. Our results pave the way for the future development of micro-scale actuators in non-liquid environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Tang
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Lyu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinsheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Fengjiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Min Qiu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Qin Y, Zhou LM, Huang L, Jin Y, Shi H, Shi S, Guo H, Xiao L, Yang Y, Qiu CW, Jiang Y. Nonlinearity-induced nanoparticle circumgyration at sub-diffraction scale. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3722. [PMID: 34140523 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of light beams to rotate nano-objects has important applications in optical micromachines and biotechnology. However, due to the diffraction limit, it is challenging to rotate nanoparticles at subwavelength scale. Here, we propose a method to obtain controlled fast orbital rotation (i.e., circumgyration) at deep subwavelength scale, based on the nonlinear optical effect rather than sub-diffraction focusing. We experimentally demonstrate rotation of metallic nanoparticles with orbital radius of 71 nm, to our knowledge, the smallest orbital radius obtained by optical trapping thus far. The circumgyration frequency of particles in water can be more than 1 kHz. In addition, we use a femtosecond pulsed Gaussian beam rather than vortex beams in the experiment. Our study provides paradigms for nanoparticle manipulation beyond the diffraction limit, which will not only push toward possible applications in optically driven nanomachines, but also spur more fascinating research in nano-rheology, micro-fluid mechanics and biological applications at the nanoscale.
Collapse
|
34
|
Militaru A, Innerbichler M, Frimmer M, Tebbenjohanns F, Novotny L, Dellago C. Escape dynamics of active particles in multistable potentials. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2446. [PMID: 33907190 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare transitions between long-lived metastable states underlie a great variety of physical, chemical and biological processes. Our quantitative understanding of reactive mechanisms has been driven forward by the insights of transition state theory and in particular by Kramers' dynamical framework. Its predictions, however, do not apply to systems that feature non-conservative forces or correlated noise histories. An important class of such systems are active particles, prominent in both biology and nanotechnology. Here, we study the active escape dynamics of a silica nanoparticle trapped in a bistable potential. We introduce activity by applying an engineered stochastic force that emulates self-propulsion. Our experiments, supported by a theoretical analysis, reveal the existence of an optimal correlation time that maximises the transition rate. We discuss the origins of this active turnover, reminiscent of the much celebrated Kramers turnover. Our work establishes a versatile experimental platform to study single particle dynamics in non-equilibrium settings.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ferretti S, Bianchi S, Frangipane G, Di Leonardo R. A virtual reality interface for the immersive manipulation of live microscopic systems. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7610. [PMID: 33828325 PMCID: PMC8027422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than three centuries we have been watching and studying microscopic phenomena behind a microscope. We discovered that cells live in a physical environment whose predominant factors are no longer those of our scale and for which we lack a direct experience and consequently a deep intuition. Here we demonstrate a new instrument which, by integrating holographic and virtual reality technologies, allows the user to be completely immersed in a dynamic virtual world which is a simultaneous replica of a real system under the microscope. We use holographic microscopy for fast 3D imaging and real-time rendering on a virtual reality headset. At the same time, hand tracking data is used to dynamically generate holographic optical traps that can be used as virtual projections of the user hands to interactively grab and manipulate ensembles of microparticles or living motile cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ferretti
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvio Bianchi
- Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, NANOTEC-CNR, Institute of Nanotechnology, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frangipane
- Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, NANOTEC-CNR, Institute of Nanotechnology, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Leonardo
- Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, NANOTEC-CNR, Institute of Nanotechnology, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang Y, Min C, Dou X, Wang X, Urbach HP, Somekh MG, Yuan X. Plasmonic tweezers: for nanoscale optical trapping and beyond. Light Sci Appl 2021; 10:59. [PMID: 33731693 PMCID: PMC7969631 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical tweezers and associated manipulation tools in the far field have had a major impact on scientific and engineering research by offering precise manipulation of small objects. More recently, the possibility of performing manipulation with surface plasmons has opened opportunities not feasible with conventional far-field optical methods. The use of surface plasmon techniques enables excitation of hotspots much smaller than the free-space wavelength; with this confinement, the plasmonic field facilitates trapping of various nanostructures and materials with higher precision. The successful manipulation of small particles has fostered numerous and expanding applications. In this paper, we review the principles of and developments in plasmonic tweezers techniques, including both nanostructure-assisted platforms and structureless systems. Construction methods and evaluation criteria of the techniques are presented, aiming to provide a guide for the design and optimization of the systems. The most common novel applications of plasmonic tweezers, namely, sorting and transport, sensing and imaging, and especially those in a biological context, are critically discussed. Finally, we consider the future of the development and new potential applications of this technique and discuss prospects for its impact on science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Zhang
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology & Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Changjun Min
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology & Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Xiujie Dou
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology & Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Optics Research Group, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Xianyou Wang
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology & Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Hendrik Paul Urbach
- Optics Research Group, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Michael G Somekh
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology & Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiaocong Yuan
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology & Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Plidschun M, Ren H, Kim J, Förster R, Maier SA, Schmidt MA. Ultrahigh numerical aperture meta-fibre for flexible optical trapping. Light Sci Appl 2021; 10:57. [PMID: 33723210 PMCID: PMC7960731 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Strong focusing on diffraction-limited spots is essential for many photonic applications and is particularly relevant for optical trapping; however, all currently used approaches fail to simultaneously provide flexible transportation of light, straightforward implementation, compatibility with waveguide circuitry, and strong focusing. Here, we demonstrate the design and 3D nanoprinting of an ultrahigh numerical aperture meta-fibre for highly flexible optical trapping. Taking into account the peculiarities of the fibre environment, we implemented an ultrathin meta-lens on the facet of a modified single-mode optical fibre via direct laser writing, leading to a diffraction-limited focal spot with a record-high numerical aperture of up to NA ≈ 0.9. The unique capabilities of this flexible, cost-effective, bio- and fibre-circuitry-compatible meta-fibre device were demonstrated by optically trapping microbeads and bacteria for the first time with only one single-mode fibre in combination with diffractive optics. Our study highlights the relevance of the unexplored but exciting field of meta-fibre optics to a multitude of fields, such as bioanalytics, quantum technology and life sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Plidschun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics, FSU Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Haoran Ren
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, LMU München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Jisoo Kim
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics, FSU Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ronny Förster
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, LMU München, 80539, München, Germany
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Markus A Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics, FSU Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- Otto Schott Institute of Material Research, FSU Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dai X, Fu W, Chi H, Mesias VSD, Zhu H, Leung CW, Liu W, Huang J. Optical tweezers-controlled hotspot for sensitive and reproducible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy characterization of native protein structures. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1292. [PMID: 33637710 PMCID: PMC7910584 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a powerful tool to detect biomolecules in aqueous environments. However, it is challenging to identify protein structures at low concentrations, especially for the proteins existing in an equilibrium mixture of various conformations. Here, we develop an in situ optical tweezers-coupled Raman spectroscopy to visualize and control the hotspot between two Ag nanoparticle-coated silica beads, generating tunable and reproducible SERS enhancements with single-molecule level sensitivity. This dynamic SERS detection window is placed in a microfluidic flow chamber to detect the passing-by proteins, which precisely characterizes the structures of three globular proteins without perturbation to their native states. Moreover, it directly identifies the structural features of the transient species of alpha-synuclein among its predominant monomers at physiological concentration of 1 μM by reducing the ensemble averaging. Hence, this SERS platform holds the promise to resolve the structural details of dynamic, heterogeneous, and complex biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dai
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Health@InnoHK, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenhao Fu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huanyu Chi
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vince St Dollente Mesias
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongni Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk Wai Leung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jinqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
We demonstrate manipulation of microbeads with diameters from 1.5 to 10 µm and Jurkat cells within a thin fluidic device using the combined effect of thermophoresis and thermal convection. The heat flow is induced by localized absorption of laser light by a cluster of single walled carbon nanotubes, with no requirement for a treated substrate. Characterization of the system shows the speed of particle motion increases with optical power absorption and is also affected by particle size and corresponding particle suspension height within the fluid. Further analysis shows that the thermophoretic mobility (DT) is thermophobic in sign and increases linearly with particle diameter, reaching a value of 8 µm2 s-1 K-1 for a 10 µm polystyrene bead.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qian
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Steven L Neale
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - John H Marsh
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sun X, Geng Y, Zhu Q, Huang W, Zhang Y, Wang W, Liu L. Unitary transformation for Poincaré beams on different parts of Poincaré sphere. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14251. [PMID: 32859974 PMCID: PMC7455738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We construct an experimental setup, consisting of conical refraction transformation in two biaxial cascade crystals and 4f-system, to realize Unitary transformation of light beam and the manipulation of Poincaré beams on the different parts of Poincaré sphere. The spatial structure of the polarization can be controlled by changing the polarization of the incident beam or rotating the angle between these two crystals. The beams with different SoPs covering the full-Poincaré sphere, part-Poincaré sphere and one point on the sphere are generated for the different angles between crystals. The Unitary transformation of light beam is proposed in the experiment with the invariant intensity distribution. Subsequently, the spin angular momentum is derived from the distribution of polarization measured in our experiment. Moreover, the conversion between orbital angular momentum and spin angular momentum of light beam is obtained by changing the angle between crystals. And the conversion progress can also be influenced by the polarization of incident beam. We realized the continuous control of the spatial structure of the angular momentum density, which has potential in the manipulation of optical trapping systems and polarization-multiplexed free-space optical communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xibo Sun
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engeering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Yuanchao Geng
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engeering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Qihua Zhu
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engeering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Wanqing Huang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engeering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engeering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engeering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Lanqin Liu
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engeering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Vitali V, Nava G, Zanchetta G, Bragheri F, Crespi A, Osellame R, Bellini T, Cristiani I, Minzioni P. Integrated Optofluidic Chip for Oscillatory Microrheology. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5831. [PMID: 32242060 PMCID: PMC7118116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate an on-chip optofluidic device allowing active oscillatory microrheological measurements with sub-μL sample volume, low cost and high flexibility. Thanks to the use of this optofluidic microrheometer it is possible to measure the viscoelastic properties of complex fluids in the frequency range 0.01-10 Hz at different temperatures. The system is based on the optical forces exerted on a microbead by two counterpropagating infrared laser beams. The core elements of the optical part, integrated waveguides and an optical modulator, are fabricated by fs-laser writing on a glass substrate. The system performance is validated by measuring viscoelastic solutions of aqueous worm-like micelles composed by Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPyCl) and Sodium Salicylate (NaSal).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Vitali
- University of Pavia, Dept. of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nava
- University of Milano, Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Milano, 20129, Italy
| | - Giuliano Zanchetta
- University of Milano, Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Milano, 20129, Italy
| | - Francesca Bragheri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Crespi
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Milano, 20133, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Milano, 20133, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bellini
- University of Milano, Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Milano, 20129, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cristiani
- University of Pavia, Dept. of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Paolo Minzioni
- University of Pavia, Dept. of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Feedback control mechanisms are ubiquitous in science and technology, and play an essential role in regulating physical, biological and engineering systems. The standard second law of thermodynamics does not hold in the presence of measurement and feedback. Most studies so far have extended the second law for discrete, Markovian feedback protocols; however, non-Markovian feedback is omnipresent in processes where the control signal is applied with a non-negligible delay. Here, we experimentally investigate the thermodynamics of continuous, time-delayed feedback control using the motion of an optically levitated, underdamped microparticle. We test the validity of a generalized second law which bounds the energy extracted from the system, and study the breakdown of feedback cooling for very large time delays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Debiossac
- Faculty of Physics, VCQ, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - David Grass
- Faculty of Physics, VCQ, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, United States
| | - Jose Joaquin Alonso
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eric Lutz
- Institute for Theoretical Physics I, University of Stuttgart, D-70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nikolai Kiesel
- Faculty of Physics, VCQ, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shoji T, Itoh K, Saitoh J, Kitamura N, Yoshii T, Murakoshi K, Yamada Y, Yokoyama T, Ishihara H, Tsuboi Y. Plasmonic Manipulation of DNA using a Combination of Optical and Thermophoretic Forces: Separation of Different-Sized DNA from Mixture Solution. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3349. [PMID: 32098985 PMCID: PMC7042363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the size-dependent separation and permanent immobilization of DNA on plasmonic substrates by means of plasmonic optical tweezers. We found that a gold nanopyramidal dimer array enhanced the optical force exerted on the DNA, leading to permanent immobilization of the DNA on the plasmonic substrate. The immobilization was realized by a combination of the plasmon-enhanced optical force and the thermophoretic force induced by a photothermal effect of the plasmons. In this study, we applied this phenomenon to the separation and fixation of size-different DNA. During plasmon excitation, DNA strands of different sizes became permanently immobilized on the plasmonic substrate forming micro-rings of DNA. The diameter of the ring was larger for longer DNA (in base pairs). When we used plasmonic optical tweezers to trap DNA of two different lengths dissolved in solution (φx DNA (5.4 kbp) and λ-DNA (48.5 kbp), or φx DNA and T4 DNA (166 kbp)), the DNA were immobilized, creating a double micro-ring pattern. The DNA were optically separated and immobilized in the double ring, with the shorter sized DNA and the larger one forming the smaller and larger rings, respectively. This phenomenon can be quantitatively explained as being due to a combination of the plasmon-enhanced optical force and the thermophoretic force. Our plasmonic optical tweezers open up a new avenue for the separation and immobilization of DNA, foreshadowing the emergence of optical separation and fixation of biomolecules such as proteins and other ncuelic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Shoji
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 5558-8585, Japan
- The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 5558-8585, Japan
| | - Kenta Itoh
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 5558-8585, Japan
| | - Junki Saitoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Noboru Kitamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kei Murakoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamada
- Division of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yokoyama
- Division of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hajime Ishihara
- Division of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Tsuboi
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 5558-8585, Japan.
- The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 5558-8585, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li J, Liu Y, Lin L, Wang M, Jiang T, Guo J, Ding H, Kollipara PS, Inoue Y, Fan D, Korgel BA, Zheng Y. Optical nanomanipulation on solid substrates via optothermally-gated photon nudging. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5672. [PMID: 31831746 PMCID: PMC6908671 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Constructing colloidal particles into functional nanostructures, materials, and devices is a promising yet challenging direction. Many optical techniques have been developed to trap, manipulate, assemble, and print colloidal particles from aqueous solutions into desired configurations on solid substrates. However, these techniques operated in liquid environments generally suffer from pattern collapses, Brownian motion, and challenges that come with reconfigurable assembly. Here, we develop an all-optical technique, termed optothermally-gated photon nudging (OPN), for the versatile manipulation and dynamic patterning of a variety of colloidal particles on a solid substrate at nanoscale accuracy. OPN takes advantage of a thin surfactant layer to optothermally modulate the particle-substrate interaction, which enables the manipulation of colloidal particles on solid substrates with optical scattering force. Along with in situ optical spectroscopy, our non-invasive and contactless nanomanipulation technique will find various applications in nanofabrication, nanophotonics, nanoelectronics, and colloidal sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yaoran Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Linhan Lin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mingsong Wang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Taizhi Jiang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jianhe Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hongru Ding
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Yuji Inoue
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Donglei Fan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Brian A Korgel
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Manipulation of colloidal objects with light is important in diverse fields. While performance of traditional optical tweezers is restricted by the diffraction-limit, recent approaches based on plasmonic tweezers allow higher trapping efficiency at lower optical powers but suffer from the disadvantage that plasmonic nanostructures are fixed in space, which limits the speed and versatility of the trapping process. As we show here, plasmonic nanodisks fabricated over dielectric microrods provide a promising approach toward optical nanomanipulation: these hybrid structures can be maneuvered by conventional optical tweezers and simultaneously generate strongly confined optical near-fields in their vicinity, functioning as near-field traps themselves for colloids as small as 40 nm. The colloidal tweezers can be used to transport nanoscale cargo even in ionic solutions at optical intensities lower than the damage threshold of living micro-organisms, and in addition, allow parallel and independently controlled manipulation of different types of colloids, including fluorescent nanodiamonds and magnetic nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Ambarish Ghosh
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ricketts SN, Francis ML, Farhadi L, Rust MJ, Das M, Ross JL, Robertson-Anderson RM. Varying crosslinking motifs drive the mesoscale mechanics of actin-microtubule composites. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12831. [PMID: 31492892 PMCID: PMC6731314 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49236-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton precisely tunes its mechanics by altering interactions between semiflexible actin filaments, rigid microtubules, and crosslinking proteins. We use optical tweezers microrheology and confocal microscopy to characterize how varying crosslinking motifs impact the mesoscale mechanics and mobility of actin-microtubule composites. We show that, upon subtle changes in crosslinking patterns, composites can exhibit two distinct classes of force response - primarily elastic versus more viscous. For example, a composite in which actin and microtubules are crosslinked to each other but not to themselves is markedly more elastic than one in which both filaments are independently crosslinked. Notably, this distinction only emerges at mesoscopic scales in response to nonlinear forcing, whereas varying crosslinking motifs have little impact on the microscale mechanics and mobility. Our unexpected scale-dependent results not only inform the physics underlying key cytoskeleton processes and structures, but, more generally, provide valuable perspective to materials engineering endeavors focused on polymer composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shea N Ricketts
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA
| | - Madison L Francis
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA
| | - Leila Farhadi
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 666N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Michael J Rust
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, 900 E 57th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Moumita Das
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, 84 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Jennifer L Ross
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 666N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Rae M Robertson-Anderson
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Karamatskos ET, Raabe S, Mullins T, Trabattoni A, Stammer P, Goldsztejn G, Johansen RR, Długołecki K, Stapelfeldt H, Vrakking MJJ, Trippel S, Rouzée A, Küpper J. Molecular movie of ultrafast coherent rotational dynamics of OCS. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3364. [PMID: 31358749 PMCID: PMC6662765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recording molecular movies on ultrafast timescales has been a longstanding goal for unravelling detailed information about molecular dynamics. Here we present the direct experimental recording of very-high-resolution and -fidelity molecular movies over more than one-and-a-half periods of the laser-induced rotational dynamics of carbonylsulfide (OCS) molecules. Utilising the combination of single quantum-state selection and an optimised two-pulse sequence to create a tailored rotational wavepacket, an unprecedented degree of field-free alignment, 〈cos2θ2D〉 = 0.96 (〈cos2θ〉 = 0.94) is achieved, exceeding the theoretical limit for single-pulse alignment. The very rich experimentally observed quantum dynamics is fully recovered by the angular probability distribution obtained from solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation with parameters refined against the experiment. The populations and phases of rotational states in the retrieved time-dependent three-dimensional wavepacket rationalises the observed very high degree of alignment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos T Karamatskos
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Raabe
- Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Straße 2a, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Terry Mullins
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Trabattoni
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Stammer
- Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Straße 2a, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rasmus R Johansen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karol Długołecki
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Stapelfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Sebastian Trippel
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arnaud Rouzée
- Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Straße 2a, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jochen Küpper
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
The motion of a nanoparticle in the vicinity of a near-field optical trap is modeled using the Fokker-Planck equation. A plasmonic C-shaped engraving on a gold film is considered as the optical trap. The time evolution of the position probability density of the nanoparticle is calculated to analyze the trapping dynamics. A spatially varying diffusion tensor is used in the formulation to take into account the hydrodynamic interactions. The steady-state position distribution obtained from the Fokker-Planck equation is compared with experimental results and found to be in good agreement. Computational cost of the proposed method is compared with the conventionally used Langevin equation based approach. The proposed method is found to be computationally efficient (requiring 35 times less computation time) and scalable to more complex lab-on-a-chip systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Punnag Padhy
- Stanford University, Electrical Engineering, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Conventional optical tweezers based on traditional optical microscopes are subject to the diffraction limit, making the precise trapping and manipulation of very small particles challenging. Plasmonic optical tweezers can surpass this constraint, but many potential applications would benefit from further enhanced performance and/or expanded functionalities. In this Perspective, we discuss trends in plasmonic tweezers and describe important opportunities presented by its interdisciplinary combination with other techniques in nanoscience. We furthermore highlight several open questions concerning fundamentals that are likely to be important for many potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth B. Crozier
- School of Physics, and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Despite extensive studies on different types of nanoparticles as potential drug carriers, the application of red blood cells (RBCs) as natural transport agents for systemic drug delivery is considered a new paradigm in modern medicine and possesses great potential. There is a lack of studies on the influence of drug carriers of different compositions on RBCs, especially regarding their potential impact on human health. Here, we apply conventional microscopy to observe the formation of RBC aggregates and optical tweezers to quantitatively assess the mutual interaction of RBCs incubated with inorganic and polymeric nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy is utilized for direct observation of nanoparticle localization on RBC membranes. The experiments are performed in a platelet-free blood plasma mimicking the RBC natural environment. We show that nanodiamonds influence mutual RBC interactions more antagonistically than other nanoparticles, resulting in higher aggregation forces and the formation of larger cell aggregates. In contrast, polymeric particles do not cause anomalous RBC aggregation. The results emphasize the application of optical tweezers for the direct quantitative assessment of the mutual interaction of RBCs influenced by nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Avsievich
- Opto-Electronics and Measurement Techniques, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Alexey Popov
- Opto-Electronics and Measurement Techniques, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, Oulu, 90014, Finland.
| | - Alexander Bykov
- Opto-Electronics and Measurement Techniques, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Igor Meglinski
- Opto-Electronics and Measurement Techniques, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, Oulu, 90014, Finland.
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.
- National Research Nuclear University - MEPhI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), Moscow, 115409, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|