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Rocha MC, Nucci C, Brito MA, Achkar R, Fontão-Wendel R, Fachini R, Wendel S. INTERFERÊNCIA DO DARATUMUMAB (DARA) NOS TESTES PRÉ-TRANSFUSIONAIS: OPTIMIZAÇÃO DO TRATAMENTO DAS HEMÁCIAS COM DITIOTREITOL (DTT) DE BAIXA CONCENTRAÇÃO PARA REDUÇÃO DO TEMPO DE EXECUÇÃO. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2022.09.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Lehmann D, Tuppen HAL, Campbell GE, Alston CL, Lawless C, Rosa HS, Rocha MC, Reeve AK, Nicholls TJ, Deschauer M, Zierz S, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM, Vincent AE. Understanding mitochondrial DNA maintenance disorders at the single muscle fibre level. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:7430-7443. [PMID: 31147703 PMCID: PMC6698645 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonal expansion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions is an important pathological mechanism in adults with mtDNA maintenance disorders, leading to a mosaic mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency in skeletal muscle. This study had two aims: (i) to determine if different Mendelian mtDNA maintenance disorders showed similar pattern of mtDNA deletions and respiratory chain deficiency and (ii) to investigate the correlation between the mitochondrial genetic defect and corresponding respiratory chain deficiency. We performed a quantitative analysis of respiratory chain deficiency, at a single cell level, in a cohort of patients with mutations in mtDNA maintenance genes. Using the same tissue section, we performed laser microdissection and single cell genetic analysis to investigate the relationship between mtDNA deletion characteristics and the respiratory chain deficiency. The pattern of respiratory chain deficiency is similar with different genetic defects. We demonstrate a clear correlation between the level of mtDNA deletion and extent of respiratory chain deficiency within a single cell. Long-range and single molecule PCR shows the presence of multiple mtDNA deletions in approximately one-third of all muscle fibres. We did not detect evidence of a replicative advantage for smaller mtDNA molecules in the majority of fibres, but further analysis is needed to provide conclusive evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lehmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, 89075, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Helen A L Tuppen
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Georgia E Campbell
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,NHS Highly Specialised Mitochondrial Diagnostic Laboratory, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Conor Lawless
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Hannah S Rosa
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mariana C Rocha
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Amy K Reeve
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Thomas J Nicholls
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Marcus Deschauer
- Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Zierz
- Department of Neurology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,NHS Highly Specialised Mitochondrial Diagnostic Laboratory, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Amy E Vincent
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Rocha MC, Rosa HS, Grady JP, Blakely EL, He L, Romain N, Haller RG, Newman J, McFarland R, Ng YS, Gorman GS, Schaefer AM, Tuppen HA, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM. Pathological mechanisms underlying single large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletions. Ann Neurol 2019; 83:115-130. [PMID: 29283441 PMCID: PMC5893934 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Single, large-scale deletions in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are a common cause of mitochondrial disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the genetic defect and molecular phenotype to improve understanding of pathogenic mechanisms associated with single, large-scale mtDNA deletions in skeletal muscle. METHODS We investigated 23 muscle biopsies taken from adult patients (6 males/17 females with a mean age of 43 years) with characterized single, large-scale mtDNA deletions. Mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency in skeletal muscle biopsies was quantified by immunoreactivity levels for complex I and complex IV proteins. Single muscle fibers with varying degrees of deficiency were selected from 6 patient biopsies for determination of mtDNA deletion level and copy number by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We have defined 3 "classes" of single, large-scale deletion with distinct patterns of mitochondrial deficiency, determined by the size and location of the deletion. Single fiber analyses showed that fibers with greater respiratory chain deficiency harbored higher levels of mtDNA deletion with an increase in total mtDNA copy number. For the first time, we have demonstrated that threshold levels for complex I and complex IV deficiency differ based on deletion class. INTERPRETATION Combining genetic and immunofluorescent assays, we conclude that thresholds for complex I and complex IV deficiency are modulated by the deletion of complex-specific protein-encoding genes. Furthermore, removal of mt-tRNA genes impacts specific complexes only at high deletion levels, when complex-specific protein-encoding genes remain. These novel findings provide valuable insight into the pathogenic mechanisms associated with these mutations. Ann Neurol 2018;83:115-130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Rocha
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah S Rosa
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John P Grady
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Blakely
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,National Health Service Highly Specialised Mitochondrial Diagnostic Laboratory, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Langping He
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,National Health Service Highly Specialised Mitochondrial Diagnostic Laboratory, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nadine Romain
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine of Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX
| | - Ronald G Haller
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine of Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX
| | - Jane Newman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Grainne S Gorman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Schaefer
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Helen A Tuppen
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,National Health Service Highly Specialised Mitochondrial Diagnostic Laboratory, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Vincent AE, Rosa HS, Pabis K, Lawless C, Chen C, Grünewald A, Rygiel KA, Rocha MC, Reeve AK, Falkous G, Perissi V, White K, Davey T, Petrof BJ, Sayer AA, Cooper C, Deehan D, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM, Picard M. Subcellular origin of mitochondrial DNA deletions in human skeletal muscle. Ann Neurol 2018; 84:289-301. [PMID: 30014514 PMCID: PMC6141001 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In patients with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance disorders and with aging, mtDNA deletions sporadically form and clonally expand within individual muscle fibers, causing respiratory chain deficiency. This study aimed to identify the sub-cellular origin and potential mechanisms underlying this process. METHODS Serial skeletal muscle cryosections from patients with multiple mtDNA deletions were subjected to subcellular immunofluorescent, histochemical, and genetic analysis. RESULTS We report respiratory chain-deficient perinuclear foci containing mtDNA deletions, which show local elevations of both mitochondrial mass and mtDNA copy number. These subcellular foci of respiratory chain deficiency are associated with a local increase in mitochondrial biogenesis and unfolded protein response signaling pathways. We also find that the commonly reported segmental pattern of mitochondrial deficiency is consistent with the three-dimensional organization of the human skeletal muscle mitochondrial network. INTERPRETATION We propose that mtDNA deletions first exceed the biochemical threshold causing biochemical deficiency in focal regions adjacent to the myonuclei, and induce mitochondrial biogenesis before spreading across the muscle fiber. These subcellular resolution data provide new insights into the possible origin of mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency in mitochondrial myopathy. Ann Neurol 2018;84:289-301.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Vincent
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah S Rosa
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kamil Pabis
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Conor Lawless
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Chun Chen
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Molecular and Functional Neurobiology Group, Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Karolina A Rygiel
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana C Rocha
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Amy K Reeve
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Falkous
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Perissi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Kathryn White
- Electron Microscopy Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Davey
- Electron Microscopy Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Basil J Petrof
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Avan A Sayer
- National Institute for Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David Deehan
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and Newcastle Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Neurology and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Columbia University Aging Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Sithamparanathan S, Rocha MC, Parikh JD, Rygiel KA, Falkous G, Grady JP, Hollingsworth KG, Trenell MI, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM, Gorman GS, Corris PA. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation function in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: in vivo and in vitro study. Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045894018768290. [PMID: 29799315 PMCID: PMC5971390 DOI: 10.1177/2045894018768290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction within the pulmonary vessels has been shown to contribute to the pathology of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). We investigated the hypothesis of whether impaired exercise capacity observed in IPAH patients is in part due to primary mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) dysfunction in skeletal muscle. This could lead to potentially new avenues of treatment beyond targeting the pulmonary vessels. Nine clinically stable participants with IPAH underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing, in vivo and in vitro assessment of mitochondrial function by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) and laboratory muscle biopsy analysis. 31P-MRS showed abnormal skeletal muscle bioenergetics with prolonged recovery times of phosphocreatine and abnormal muscle pH handling. Histochemistry and quadruple immunofluorescence performed on muscle biopsies showed normal function and subunit protein abundance of the complexes within the OXPHOS system. Our findings suggest that there is no primary mitochondrial OXPHOS dysfunction but raises the possibility of impaired oxygen delivery to the mitochondria affecting skeletal muscle bioenergetics during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasiharan Sithamparanathan
- 1 Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,2 National Pulmonary Hypertension Service (Newcastle), The Newcastle-upon-Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mariana C Rocha
- 3 Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jehill D Parikh
- 1 Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karolina A Rygiel
- 3 Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gavin Falkous
- 3 Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John P Grady
- 3 Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Michael I Trenell
- 1 Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- 3 Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- 3 Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gráinne S Gorman
- 3 Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul A Corris
- 1 Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,2 National Pulmonary Hypertension Service (Newcastle), The Newcastle-upon-Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Rocha MC, Springett R. Spectral components of detergent-solubilized bovine cytochrome oxidase. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg 2018; 1859:555-566. [PMID: 29704499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome oxidase is the terminal oxidase of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and pumps 4 protons per oxygen reduced to water. Spectral shifts in the α-band of heme a have been observed in multiple studies and these shifts have the potential to shed light on the proton pumping intermediates. Previously we found that heme a had two spectral components in the α-band during redox titrations in living RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells, the classical 605 nm form and a blue-shifted 602 nm form. To confirm these spectral changes were not an artifact due to the complex milieu of the living cell, redox titrations were performed in the isolated detergent-solubilized bovine enzyme from both the Soret- and α-band using precise multiwavelength spectroscopy. This data verified the presence of the 602 nm form in the α-band, revealed a similar shift of heme a in the Soret-band and ruled out the reversal of calcium binding as the origin of the blue shift. The 602 nm form was found to be stabilized at high pH or by binding of azide, which is known to blue shift the α-band of heme a. Azide also stabilized the 602 nm form in the living cells. It is concluded there is a form of cytochrome oxidase in which heme a undergoes a blue shift to a 602 nm form and that redox titrations can be successfully performed in living cells where the oxidase operates in its authentic environment and in the presence of a proton motive force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Rocha
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Springett
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.
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Bacalhau M, Simões M, Rocha MC, Hardy SA, Vincent AE, Durães J, Macário MC, Santos MJ, Rebelo O, Lopes C, Pratas J, Mendes C, Zuzarte M, Rego AC, Girão H, Wong LJC, Taylor RW, Grazina M. Disclosing the functional changes of two genetic alterations in a patient with Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia: Report of the novel mtDNA m.7486G>A variant. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:350-360. [PMID: 29398297 PMCID: PMC5952895 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is characterized by ptosis and ophthalmoplegia and is usually caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions or mt-tRNA mutations. The aim of the present work was to clarify the genetic defect in a patient presenting with CPEO and elucidate the underlying pathogenic mechanism. This 62-year-old female first developed ptosis of the right eye at the age of 12 and subsequently the left eye at 45 years, and was found to have external ophthalmoplegia at the age of 55 years. Histopathological abnormalities were detected in the patient's muscle, including ragged-red fibres, a mosaic pattern of COX-deficient muscle fibres and combined deficiency of respiratory chain complexes I and IV. Genetic investigation revealed the "common deletion" in the patient's muscle and fibroblasts. Moreover, a novel, heteroplasmic mt-tRNASer(UCN) variant (m.7486G>A) in the anticodon loop was detected in muscle homogenate (50%), fibroblasts (11%) and blood (4%). Single-fibre analysis showed segregation with COX-deficient fibres for both genetic alterations. Assembly defects of mtDNA-encoded complexes were demonstrated in fibroblasts. Functional analyses showed significant bioenergetic dysfunction, reduction in respiration rate and ATP production and mitochondrial depolarization. Multilamellar bodies were detected by electron microscopy, suggesting disturbance in autophagy. In conclusion, we report a CPEO patient with two possible genetic origins, both segregating with biochemical and histochemical defect. The "common mtDNA deletion" is the most likely cause, yet the potential pathogenic effect of a novel mt-tRNASer(UCN) variant cannot be fully excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Bacalhau
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Simões
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana C Rocha
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Steven A Hardy
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Amy E Vincent
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - João Durães
- CHUC - Neurology Department of Coimbra University Hospitals, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria C Macário
- CHUC - Neurology Department of Coimbra University Hospitals, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Santos
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Olinda Rebelo
- CHUC - Neurology Department of Coimbra University Hospitals, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pratas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cândida Mendes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mónica Zuzarte
- IBILI - Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Cristina Rego
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girão
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; IBILI - Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lee-Jun C Wong
- Mitochondrial Diagnostic Laboratory, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Manuela Grazina
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Rygiel KA, Dodds RM, Patel HP, Syddall HE, Westbury LD, Granic A, Cooper C, Cliff J, Rocha MC, Turnbull DM, Sayer AA. Mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency in older men and its relationship with muscle mass and performance. JCSM Clinical Reports 2017. [DOI: 10.17987/jcsm-cr.v2i2.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionSarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and physical performance with age, and recognition of its importance in clinical practice is growing. Age-related decline in muscle mitochondrial function has been described although less is known about the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether respiratory chain deficiency is associated with muscle mass and physical performance among a sample of healthy older men participating in the Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study.MethodsWe used immunofluorescence on biopsies of the vastus lateralis to measure levels of the NDUFB8 subunit of complex I and the COX-1 subunit of complex IV per fibre. We measured muscle mass using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. We assessed physical performance using grip strength, gait speed, chair rise time, timed up and go and standing balance time, and composed an aggregate performance score on the scale of 0 (worst) and 5 (best performance). We used linear regression with a cluster sandwich estimator to test relationships between complex I / IV and muscle mass / physical performance. Study approval was granted by the Hertfordshire Research Ethics Committee.ResultsSamples were available from 77 participants of mean age 72.6 (2.5) years. The median number of fibres analysed per participant was 157 (104, 237). We expressed complex I and IV levels as Z-scores relative to that expected in young controls. The overall participant mean Z-scores were 0.3 (1.3) and -1.5 (0.9) for complex I and IV, respectively. We saw no relationship between complex I or IV and muscle mass. Each unit (SD) increase in complex I was associated with an increase in aggregate performance score of 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.09, P = 0.003), whilst the relationship for complex IV did not reach significance.ConclusionWe saw marked heterogeneity in complex I and IV levels, both between and within participants, as well as lower overall levels of complex IV. The finding of a small but statistically significant positive association between complex I levels and physical performance suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction may have a role in the development of sarcopenia. These findings will help inform the design of future studies across a wider range of ages and in both women and men.
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Ahmed ST, Alston CL, Hopton S, He L, Hargreaves IP, Falkous G, Oláhová M, McFarland R, Turnbull DM, Rocha MC, Taylor RW. Using a quantitative quadruple immunofluorescent assay to diagnose isolated mitochondrial Complex I deficiency. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15676. [PMID: 29142257 PMCID: PMC5688115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated Complex I (CI) deficiency is the most commonly observed mitochondrial respiratory chain biochemical defect, affecting the largest OXPHOS component. CI is genetically heterogeneous; pathogenic variants affect one of 38 nuclear-encoded subunits, 7 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded subunits or 14 known CI assembly factors. The laboratory diagnosis relies on the spectrophotometric assay of enzyme activity in mitochondrially-enriched tissue homogenates, requiring at least 50 mg skeletal muscle, as there is no reliable histochemical method for assessing CI activity directly in tissue cryosections. We have assessed a validated quadruple immunofluorescent OXPHOS (IHC) assay to detect CI deficiency in the diagnostic setting, using 10 µm transverse muscle sections from 25 patients with genetically-proven pathogenic CI variants. We observed loss of NDUFB8 immunoreactivity in all patients with mutations affecting nuclear-encoding structural subunits and assembly factors, whilst only 3 of the 10 patients with mutations affecting mtDNA-encoded structural subunits showed loss of NDUFB8, confirmed by BN-PAGE analysis of CI assembly and IHC using an alternative, commercially-available CI (NDUFS3) antibody. The IHC assay has clear diagnostic potential to identify patients with a CI defect of Mendelian origins, whilst highlighting the necessity of complete mitochondrial genome sequencing in the diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda T Ahmed
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,NHS Highly Specialised Mitochondrial Diagnostic Laboratory, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sila Hopton
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,NHS Highly Specialised Mitochondrial Diagnostic Laboratory, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Langping He
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,NHS Highly Specialised Mitochondrial Diagnostic Laboratory, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Iain P Hargreaves
- The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Gavin Falkous
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,NHS Highly Specialised Mitochondrial Diagnostic Laboratory, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Monika Oláhová
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mariana C Rocha
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,BHF Centre of Research Excellence, The James Black Centre, King's College London, University of London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. .,NHS Highly Specialised Mitochondrial Diagnostic Laboratory, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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10
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Alston CL, Rocha MC, Lax NZ, Turnbull DM, Taylor RW. The genetics and pathology of mitochondrial disease. J Pathol 2016; 241:236-250. [PMID: 27659608 PMCID: PMC5215404 DOI: 10.1002/path.4809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membrane-bound organelles that are present in all nucleated eukaryotic cells and are responsible for the production of cellular energy in the form of ATP. Mitochondrial function is under dual genetic control - the 16.6-kb mitochondrial genome, with only 37 genes, and the nuclear genome, which encodes the remaining ∼1300 proteins of the mitoproteome. Mitochondrial dysfunction can arise because of defects in either mitochondrial DNA or nuclear mitochondrial genes, and can present in childhood or adulthood in association with vast clinical heterogeneity, with symptoms affecting a single organ or tissue, or multisystem involvement. There is no cure for mitochondrial disease for the vast majority of mitochondrial disease patients, and a genetic diagnosis is therefore crucial for genetic counselling and recurrence risk calculation, and can impact on the clinical management of affected patients. Next-generation sequencing strategies are proving pivotal in the discovery of new disease genes and the diagnosis of clinically affected patients; mutations in >250 genes have now been shown to cause mitochondrial disease, and the biochemical, histochemical, immunocytochemical and neuropathological characterization of these patients has led to improved diagnostic testing strategies and novel diagnostic techniques. This review focuses on the current genetic landscape associated with mitochondrial disease, before focusing on advances in studying associated mitochondrial pathology in two, clinically relevant organs - skeletal muscle and brain. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mariana C Rocha
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nichola Z Lax
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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11
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Vincent AE, Rosa HS, Alston CL, Grady JP, Rygiel KA, Rocha MC, Barresi R, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM. Dysferlin mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 26:782-788. [PMID: 27666772 PMCID: PMC5091283 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysferlinopathies are caused by mutations in the DYSF gene and patients may present with proximal or distal myopathy. Dysferlin is responsible for membrane resealing, and mutations may result in a defect in membrane repair following mechanical or chemical stress, causing an influx of Ca2+. Since mitochondria are involved in Ca2+ buffering, we hypothesised that mitochondrial defects may be present in skeletal muscle biopsies from patients with mutations in this gene. The aim was to characterise mitochondrial defects in muscle from patients with dysferlinopathies. Here, we analysed skeletal muscle biopsies for eight patients by quadruple immunofluorescent assay to assess oxidative phosphorylation protein abundance. Long-range PCR in single muscle fibres was used to look for presence of clonally expanded large-scale mitochondrial DNA rearrangements in patients' skeletal muscle (n = 3). Immunofluorescence demonstrated that the percentage of complex I- and complex IV-deficient fibres was higher in patients with DYSF mutations than in age-matched controls. No clonally expanded mtDNA deletions were detected using long-range PCR in any of the analysed muscle fibres. We conclude that complex I and complex IV deficiency is higher in patients than age matched controls but patients do not have rearrangements of the mtDNA. We hypothesise that respiratory chain deficiency may be the results of an increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration (due to a membrane resealing defect) causing mitochondrial aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Vincent
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Hannah S Rosa
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - John P Grady
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Karolina A Rygiel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mariana C Rocha
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Rita Barresi
- Rare Diseases Advisory Group Service for Rare Neuromuscular Diseases, Muscle Immunoanalysis Unit, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AZ, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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12
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Dobson PF, Rocha MC, Grady JP, Chrysostomou A, Hipps D, Watson S, Greaves LC, Deehan DJ, Turnbull DM. Unique quadruple immunofluorescence assay demonstrates mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction in osteoblasts of aged and PolgA(-/-) mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31907. [PMID: 27553587 PMCID: PMC4995399 DOI: 10.1038/srep31907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragility fractures caused by osteoporosis affect millions of people worldwide every year with significant levels of associated morbidity, mortality and costs to the healthcare economy. The pathogenesis of declining bone mineral density is poorly understood but it is inherently related to increasing age. Growing evidence in recent years, especially that provided by mouse models, suggest that accumulating somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations may cause the phenotypic changes associated with the ageing process including osteoporosis. Methods to study mitochondrial abnormalities in individual osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes are limited and impair our ability to assess the changes seen with age and in animal models of ageing. To enable the assessment of mitochondrial protein levels, we have developed a quadruple immunofluorescence method to accurately quantify the presence of mitochondrial respiratory chain components within individual bone cells. We have applied this technique to a well-established mouse model of ageing and osteoporosis and show respiratory chain deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip F Dobson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana C Rocha
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - John P Grady
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Alexia Chrysostomou
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Hipps
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Watson
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Medical School, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Laura C Greaves
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,MRC/BBSRC Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - David J Deehan
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,MRC/BBSRC Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
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13
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Vincent AE, Grady JP, Rocha MC, Alston CL, Rygiel KA, Barresi R, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM. Mitochondrial dysfunction in myofibrillar myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 26:691-701. [PMID: 27618136 PMCID: PMC5066370 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clonally expanded mtDNA deletions were found in a small number of patient fibres. Complex I and IV deficiency is higher than in control muscle. Mitochondrial mass is significantly reduced in patients relative to controls. No relationship between MFM protein aggregates and reduced mitochondrial mass. Negative correlations was detected between mitochondrial mass and muscle fibre area.
Myofibrillar myopathies (MFM) are characterised by focal myofibrillar destruction and accumulation of myofibrillar elements as protein aggregates. They are caused by mutations in the DES, MYOT, CRYAB, FLNC, BAG3, DNAJB6 and ZASP genes as well as other as yet unidentified genes. Previous studies have reported changes in mitochondrial morphology and cellular positioning, as well as clonally-expanded, large-scale mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions and focal respiratory chain deficiency in muscle of MFM patients. Here we examine skeletal muscle from patients with desmin (n = 6), ZASP (n = 1) and myotilin (n = 2) mutations and MFM protein aggregates, to understand how mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the underlying mechanisms causing disease pathology. We have used a validated quantitative immunofluorescent assay to study respiratory chain protein levels, together with oxidative enzyme histochemistry and single cell mitochondrial DNA analysis, to examine mitochondrial changes. Results demonstrate a small number of clonally-expanded mitochondrial DNA deletions, which we conclude are due to both ageing and disease pathology. Further to this we report higher levels of respiratory chain complex I and IV deficiency compared to age matched controls, although overall levels of respiratory deficient muscle fibres in patient biopsies are low. More strikingly, a significantly higher percentage of myofibrillar myopathy patient muscle fibres have a low mitochondrial mass compared to controls. We concluded this is mechanistically unrelated to desmin and myotilin protein aggregates; however, correlation between mitochondrial mass and muscle fibre area is found. We suggest this may be due to reduced mitochondrial biogenesis in combination with muscle fibre hypertrophy.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adult
- Aged
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cohort Studies
- Connectin/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial
- Desmin/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- LIM Domain Proteins/genetics
- Male
- Microfilament Proteins
- Middle Aged
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Mutation
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/genetics
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/metabolism
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/pathology
- Ribonucleotide Reductases/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Vincent
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - John P Grady
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mariana C Rocha
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Karolina A Rygiel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Rita Barresi
- Rare Diseases Advisory Group Service for Neuromuscular Diseases, Muscle Immunoanalysis Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AZ, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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14
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Hardy SA, Blakely EL, Purvis AI, Rocha MC, Ahmed S, Falkous G, Poulton J, Rose MR, O'Mahony O, Bermingham N, Dougan CF, Ng YS, Horvath R, Turnbull DM, Gorman GS, Taylor RW. Pathogenic mtDNA mutations causing mitochondrial myopathy: The need for muscle biopsy. Neurol Genet 2016; 2:e82. [PMID: 27536729 PMCID: PMC4972142 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Hardy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience (S.A.H., E.L.B., A.I.P., M.C.R., S.A., G.F., Y.S.N., D.M.T., G.S.G., R.W.T.), The Medical School, Institute of Genetic Medicine (R.H.), Newcastle University; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.P.), University of Oxford; Department of Neurology (M.R.R.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (O.O., N.B.), Cork University Hospital, Ireland; and The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (C.F.D.), Liverpool, UK
| | - Emma L Blakely
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience (S.A.H., E.L.B., A.I.P., M.C.R., S.A., G.F., Y.S.N., D.M.T., G.S.G., R.W.T.), The Medical School, Institute of Genetic Medicine (R.H.), Newcastle University; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.P.), University of Oxford; Department of Neurology (M.R.R.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (O.O., N.B.), Cork University Hospital, Ireland; and The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (C.F.D.), Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew I Purvis
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience (S.A.H., E.L.B., A.I.P., M.C.R., S.A., G.F., Y.S.N., D.M.T., G.S.G., R.W.T.), The Medical School, Institute of Genetic Medicine (R.H.), Newcastle University; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.P.), University of Oxford; Department of Neurology (M.R.R.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (O.O., N.B.), Cork University Hospital, Ireland; and The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (C.F.D.), Liverpool, UK
| | - Mariana C Rocha
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience (S.A.H., E.L.B., A.I.P., M.C.R., S.A., G.F., Y.S.N., D.M.T., G.S.G., R.W.T.), The Medical School, Institute of Genetic Medicine (R.H.), Newcastle University; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.P.), University of Oxford; Department of Neurology (M.R.R.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (O.O., N.B.), Cork University Hospital, Ireland; and The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (C.F.D.), Liverpool, UK
| | - Syeda Ahmed
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience (S.A.H., E.L.B., A.I.P., M.C.R., S.A., G.F., Y.S.N., D.M.T., G.S.G., R.W.T.), The Medical School, Institute of Genetic Medicine (R.H.), Newcastle University; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.P.), University of Oxford; Department of Neurology (M.R.R.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (O.O., N.B.), Cork University Hospital, Ireland; and The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (C.F.D.), Liverpool, UK
| | - Gavin Falkous
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience (S.A.H., E.L.B., A.I.P., M.C.R., S.A., G.F., Y.S.N., D.M.T., G.S.G., R.W.T.), The Medical School, Institute of Genetic Medicine (R.H.), Newcastle University; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.P.), University of Oxford; Department of Neurology (M.R.R.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (O.O., N.B.), Cork University Hospital, Ireland; and The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (C.F.D.), Liverpool, UK
| | - Joanna Poulton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience (S.A.H., E.L.B., A.I.P., M.C.R., S.A., G.F., Y.S.N., D.M.T., G.S.G., R.W.T.), The Medical School, Institute of Genetic Medicine (R.H.), Newcastle University; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.P.), University of Oxford; Department of Neurology (M.R.R.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (O.O., N.B.), Cork University Hospital, Ireland; and The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (C.F.D.), Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael R Rose
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience (S.A.H., E.L.B., A.I.P., M.C.R., S.A., G.F., Y.S.N., D.M.T., G.S.G., R.W.T.), The Medical School, Institute of Genetic Medicine (R.H.), Newcastle University; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.P.), University of Oxford; Department of Neurology (M.R.R.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (O.O., N.B.), Cork University Hospital, Ireland; and The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (C.F.D.), Liverpool, UK
| | - Olivia O'Mahony
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience (S.A.H., E.L.B., A.I.P., M.C.R., S.A., G.F., Y.S.N., D.M.T., G.S.G., R.W.T.), The Medical School, Institute of Genetic Medicine (R.H.), Newcastle University; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.P.), University of Oxford; Department of Neurology (M.R.R.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (O.O., N.B.), Cork University Hospital, Ireland; and The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (C.F.D.), Liverpool, UK
| | - Niamh Bermingham
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience (S.A.H., E.L.B., A.I.P., M.C.R., S.A., G.F., Y.S.N., D.M.T., G.S.G., R.W.T.), The Medical School, Institute of Genetic Medicine (R.H.), Newcastle University; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.P.), University of Oxford; Department of Neurology (M.R.R.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (O.O., N.B.), Cork University Hospital, Ireland; and The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (C.F.D.), Liverpool, UK
| | - Charlotte F Dougan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience (S.A.H., E.L.B., A.I.P., M.C.R., S.A., G.F., Y.S.N., D.M.T., G.S.G., R.W.T.), The Medical School, Institute of Genetic Medicine (R.H.), Newcastle University; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.P.), University of Oxford; Department of Neurology (M.R.R.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (O.O., N.B.), Cork University Hospital, Ireland; and The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (C.F.D.), Liverpool, UK
| | - Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience (S.A.H., E.L.B., A.I.P., M.C.R., S.A., G.F., Y.S.N., D.M.T., G.S.G., R.W.T.), The Medical School, Institute of Genetic Medicine (R.H.), Newcastle University; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.P.), University of Oxford; Department of Neurology (M.R.R.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (O.O., N.B.), Cork University Hospital, Ireland; and The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (C.F.D.), Liverpool, UK
| | - Rita Horvath
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience (S.A.H., E.L.B., A.I.P., M.C.R., S.A., G.F., Y.S.N., D.M.T., G.S.G., R.W.T.), The Medical School, Institute of Genetic Medicine (R.H.), Newcastle University; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.P.), University of Oxford; Department of Neurology (M.R.R.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (O.O., N.B.), Cork University Hospital, Ireland; and The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (C.F.D.), Liverpool, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience (S.A.H., E.L.B., A.I.P., M.C.R., S.A., G.F., Y.S.N., D.M.T., G.S.G., R.W.T.), The Medical School, Institute of Genetic Medicine (R.H.), Newcastle University; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.P.), University of Oxford; Department of Neurology (M.R.R.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (O.O., N.B.), Cork University Hospital, Ireland; and The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (C.F.D.), Liverpool, UK
| | - Grainne S Gorman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience (S.A.H., E.L.B., A.I.P., M.C.R., S.A., G.F., Y.S.N., D.M.T., G.S.G., R.W.T.), The Medical School, Institute of Genetic Medicine (R.H.), Newcastle University; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.P.), University of Oxford; Department of Neurology (M.R.R.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (O.O., N.B.), Cork University Hospital, Ireland; and The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (C.F.D.), Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience (S.A.H., E.L.B., A.I.P., M.C.R., S.A., G.F., Y.S.N., D.M.T., G.S.G., R.W.T.), The Medical School, Institute of Genetic Medicine (R.H.), Newcastle University; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.P.), University of Oxford; Department of Neurology (M.R.R.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (O.O., N.B.), Cork University Hospital, Ireland; and The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (C.F.D.), Liverpool, UK
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15
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Rygiel KA, Miller J, Grady JP, Rocha MC, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM. Mitochondrial and inflammatory changes in sporadic inclusion body myositis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:288-303. [PMID: 24750247 PMCID: PMC4833191 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aims Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is the most common late onset muscle disease causing progressive weakness. In light of the lack of effective treatment, we investigated potential causes underlying muscle wasting. We hypothesized that accumulation of mitochondrial respiratory deficiency in muscle fibres may lead to fibre atrophy and degeneration, contributing to muscle mass reduction. Methods Histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on muscle biopsies from 16 sIBM patients to detect activity of mitochondrial enzymes and expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins along with inflammatory markers respectively. Mitochondrial DNA mutations were assessed in single muscle fibres using real‐time PCR. Results We identified respiratory‐deficient fibres at different stages of mitochondrial dysfunction, with downregulated expression of complex I of mitochondrial respiratory chain being the initial feature. We detected mitochondrial DNA rearrangements in the majority of individual respiratory‐deficient muscle fibres. There was a strong correlation between number of T lymphocytes and macrophages residing in muscle tissue and the abundance of respiratory‐deficient fibres. Moreover, we found that respiratory‐deficient muscle fibres were more likely to be atrophic compared with respiratory‐normal counterparts. Conclusions Our findings suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction has a role in sIBM progression. A strong correlation between the severity of inflammation, degree of mitochondrial changes and atrophy implicated existence of a mechanistic link between these three parameters. We propose a role for inflammatory cells in the initiation of mitochondrial DNA damage, which when accumulated, causes respiratory dysfunction, fibre atrophy and ultimately degeneration of muscle fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina A Rygiel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Newcastle University Centre for Brain Ageing and Vitality, Institute for Ageing and Health, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Rocha MC, Grady JP, Grünewald A, Vincent A, Dobson PF, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM, Rygiel KA. A novel immunofluorescent assay to investigate oxidative phosphorylation deficiency in mitochondrial myopathy: understanding mechanisms and improving diagnosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15037. [PMID: 26469001 PMCID: PMC4606788 DOI: 10.1038/srep15037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation defects in human tissues are often challenging to quantify due to a mosaic pattern of deficiency. Biochemical assays are difficult to interpret due to the varying enzyme deficiency levels found in individual cells. Histochemical analysis allows semi-quantitative assessment of complex II and complex IV activities, but there is no validated histochemical assay to assess complex I activity which is frequently affected in mitochondrial pathology. To help improve the diagnosis of mitochondrial disease and to study the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial abnormalities in disease, we have developed a quadruple immunofluorescent technique enabling the quantification of key respiratory chain subunits of complexes I and IV, together with an indicator of mitochondrial mass and a cell membrane marker. This assay gives precise and objective quantification of protein abundance in large numbers of individual muscle fibres. By assessing muscle biopsies from subjects with a range of different mitochondrial genetic defects we have demonstrated that specific genotypes exhibit distinct biochemical signatures in muscle, providing evidence for the diagnostic use of the technique, as well as insight into the underlying molecular pathology. Stringent testing for reproducibility and sensitivity confirms the potential value of the technique for mechanistic studies of disease and in the evaluation of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Rocha
- Newcastle University Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John P Grady
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Vincent
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Philip F Dobson
- Newcastle University Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Newcastle University Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Karolina A Rygiel
- Newcastle University Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute for Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Grünewald A, Lax NZ, Rocha MC, Reeve AK, Hepplewhite PD, Rygiel KA, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM. Quantitative quadruple-label immunofluorescence of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic proteins in single neurons from human midbrain tissue. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 232:143-9. [PMID: 24880043 PMCID: PMC4076514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We developed an assay to quantify respiratory chain deficiencies in single neurons. Quadruple-label immunofluorescence was combined with quantitative image analysis. The single-cell assay was applied to tyrosine hydroxylase-positive midbrain neurons. The expression of complexes I and IV was determined relative to mitochondrial mass. The assay proved specific in patients with known respiratory chain deficiencies.
Background Respiratory chain (RC) deficiencies are found in primary mtDNA diseases. Focal RC defects are also associated with ageing and neurodegenerative disorders, e.g. in substantia nigra (SN) neurons from Parkinson's disease patients. In mitochondrial disease and ageing, mtDNA mutational loads vary considerably between neurons necessitating single cell-based assessment of RC deficiencies. Evaluating the full extent of RC deficiency within SN neurons is challenging because their size precludes investigations in serial sections. We developed an assay to measure RC abnormalities in individual SN neurons using quadruple immunofluorescence. New method Using antibodies against subunits of complex I (CI) and IV, porin and tyrosine hydroxylase together with IgG subtype-specific fluorescent labelled secondary antibodies, we quantified the expression of CI and CIV compared to mitochondrial mass in dopaminergic neurons. CI:porin and CIV:porin ratios were determined relative to a standard control. Results Quantification of expression of complex subunits in midbrain sections from patients with mtDNA disease and known RC deficiencies consistently showed reduced CI:porin and/or CIV:porin ratios. Comparison with existing method(s) The standard histochemical method to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction, the cytochrome c oxidase/succinate dehydrogenase assay, measures CIV and CII activities. To also study CI in a patient, immunohistology in additional sections, i.e. in different neurons, is required. Our method allows correlation of the expression of CI, CIV and mitochondrial mass at a single cell level. Conclusion Quantitative quadruple-label immunofluorescence is a reliable tool to measure RC deficiencies in individual neurons that will enable new insights in the molecular mechanisms underlying inherited and acquired mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Grünewald
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Nichola Z Lax
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Mariana C Rocha
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Amy K Reeve
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Philippa D Hepplewhite
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Karolina A Rygiel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Rocha MC, Pousinha PA, Correia AM, Sebastião AM, Ribeiro JA. Early changes of neuromuscular transmission in the SOD1(G93A) mice model of ALS start long before motor symptoms onset. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73846. [PMID: 24040091 PMCID: PMC3764017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is characterized by a progressive degeneration of the corticospinal tract motor neurons. Growing evidence suggests that degeneration may begin at the distal axon proceeding in a dying-back pattern. It seemed therefore of interest to investigate synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in pre- and symptomatic phases of the disease. Endplate potentials (EPPs), miniatures endplate potentials (MEPPs) and giant MEPPs (GMEPPs) were recorded from innervated diaphragm muscle fibers from 4-6 and 12-15 weeks-old SOD1(G93A) mice and non-transgenic aged-matched littermates (WT). In the pre-symptomatic phase, SOD1(G93A) mice exhibited a significant increase in the mean amplitude of EPPs together with an increase in the mean quantal content of EPPs, suggesting that more acetylcholine is being released into the synaptic cleft. SOD1(G93A) mice presented a higher frequency of GMEPPs, suggestive of intracellular Ca(2+) deregulation in nerve terminals. The increase in the mean amplitude of MEPPs and the decreased mean rise-time of MEPPs in SOD1(G93A) mice point to post-synaptic related changes. In the symptomatic phase, electrophysiological data showed evidence for two NMJ groups in SOD1(G93A) mice: SOD1a and SOD1b. SOD1a group presented reduced mean amplitude of both EPPs and MEPPs. The mean rise-time of MEPPs was increased, when compared to WT and to SOD1b group, indicating impairments in the neuromuscular transmission. In contrast, the neuromuscular transmission of SOD1b group was not different from age-matched WT nor pre-symptomatic SOD1(G93A) mice, being somehow in between both groups. Altogether these results show that the neuromuscular transmission of SOD1(G93A) mice is enhanced in the pre-symptomatic phase. In the symptomatic phase our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the diaphragm of SOD1(G93A) mice is undergoing cycles of denervation/re-innervation supported by mixed neuromuscular junction populations. These early changes in the neuromuscular transmission of SOD1(G93A) mice suggest that the ALS associated events start long before symptoms onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C. Rocha
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Unit of Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Pousinha
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Unit of Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra M. Correia
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Unit of Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Sebastião
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Unit of Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim A. Ribeiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Unit of Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Mehl JB, Vicente YAMVA, Dantas RO, Elias J, Cambrea CR, Rocha MC. Experimental model for study of anorectal sphincter musculature by manometry and computerized tomography in piglets. Pediatr Surg Int 2008; 24:81-5. [PMID: 17985143 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-007-2030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There seems to be controversy on the anorectal sphincter presentation and anatomical division, as well as on its functional representation. Evaluation of the anorectal sphincter musculature has been achieved through several methods, including anorectal manometry and computerized tomography, but to date there is no experimental model allowing a detailed manometric study of this muscle complex. In this work, we have developed such a model, which should enable the manometric and radiographic study of the anatomical features and functional mechanisms of sphincteric injuries, as well as the assessment of drug effects on the anorectal musculature upon incontinence and constipation. Twenty-two piglets (aged 25-30 days, weighing 5-7 kg) were studied by anorectal manometry (rectoanal inhibitory reflex and vector volume) and computerized tomography (anorectal angle and anal canal length). The data obtained for the rectoanal inhibitory reflex, represented here as the average and standard deviation, were the following: relaxation duration = 14.75 +/- 3.62 s, sphincter basal pressure = 41.58 +/- 8.20 mmHg, relaxation index = 87.26 +/- 11.52%, speed of relaxation = 5.90 +/- 2.10 mm/s, and speed of relaxation recovery = 4.03 +/- 1.78 mm/s. As for the vector volume, results were as follows: vector volume = 2692.32 +/- 1298.12 mm Hg2 cm, sphincter length = 11.82 +/- 2.74 mm, high pressure zone length = 5.09 +/- 1.34 mm, maximum pressure = 61.50 +/- 20.58 mmHg, and asymmetry index = 43.50 +/- 10.03%. Radiographic evaluation led to the following results: anal canal length = 9.61 +/- 2.14 mm and anorectal angle = 137.91 +/- 7.75 degrees . The experimental model designed here allows both anorectal manometry and computerized tomography to be carried out in the same way it is performed in human beings, as long as animal sedation is strictly controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Mehl
- Department of Surgery, Jundiaí Medical School, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
We describe a 14-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involving the skin, joints and central nervous system who developed hypertrichosis of the upper eyelashes. This clinical finding has been observed in immunocompromised patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), malnutrition, cancer or kala-azar. Although the pathogenic mechanism for this type of hypertrichosis is unknown, we believe the immunological defects seen in SLE may be responsible for such manifestation in our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Santiago
- Escola de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador Bahia, Brazil.
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Carrasco RM, Luna RL, Rocha MC. [Use of verapamil in arterial hypertension]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1979; 32:207-11. [PMID: 475607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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