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Espino Guarch M, Font-Llitjós M, Murillo-Cuesta S, Errasti-Murugarren E, Celaya AM, Girotto G, Vuckovic D, Mezzavilla M, Vilches C, Bodoy S, Sahún I, González L, Prat E, Zorzano A, Dierssen M, Varela-Nieto I, Gasparini P, Palacín M, Nunes V. Mutations in L-type amino acid transporter-2 support SLC7A8 as a novel gene involved in age-related hearing loss. eLife 2018; 7:31511. [PMID: 29355479 PMCID: PMC5811215 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most common sensory deficit in the elderly. The disease has a multifactorial etiology with both environmental and genetic factors involved being largely unknown. SLC7A8/SLC3A2 heterodimer is a neutral amino acid exchanger. Here, we demonstrated that SLC7A8 is expressed in the mouse inner ear and that its ablation resulted in ARHL, due to the damage of different cochlear structures. These findings make SLC7A8 transporter a strong candidate for ARHL in humans. Thus, a screening of a cohort of ARHL patients and controls was carried out revealing several variants in SLC7A8, whose role was further investigated by in vitro functional studies. Significant decreases in SLC7A8 transport activity was detected for patient’s variants (p.Val302Ile, p.Arg418His, p.Thr402Met and p.Val460Glu) further supporting a causative role for SLC7A8 in ARHL. Moreover, our preliminary data suggest that a relevant proportion of ARHL cases could be explained by SLC7A8 mutations. Age-related hearing loss affects about one in three individuals between the ages of 65 and 74. The first symptom is difficulty hearing high-pitched sounds like children’s voices. The disease starts gradually and worsens over time. Changes in the ear, the nerve that connects it to the brain, or the brain itself can cause hearing loss. Sometimes all three play a role. Genetics, exposure to noise, disease, and aging may all contribute. The condition is so complex it is difficult for scientists to pinpoint a primary suspect or develop treatments. Now, Guarch, Font-Llitjós et al. show that errors in a protein called SLC7A8 cause age-related hearing loss in mice and humans. The SLC7A8 protein acts like a door that allows amino acids – the building blocks of proteins – to enter or leave a cell. This door is blocked in mice lacking SLC7A8 and damage occurs in the part of their inner ear responsible for hearing. As a result, the animals lose their hearing. Next, Guarch, Font-Llitjós et al. scanned the genomes of 147 people from isolated villages in Italy for mutations in the gene for SLC7A8. The people also underwent hearing tests. Mutations in the gene for SLC7A8 that partially block the door and prevent the flow of amino acids were found in people with hearing loss. Some mutations in SLC7A8 that allow the door to stay open where found in people who could hear. The experiments suggest that certain mutations in the gene for SLC7A8 are likely an inherited cause of age-related hearing loss. It is possible that other proteins that control the flow of amino acids into or out of cells also may play a role in hearing. More studies are needed to see if it is possible to fix errors in the SLC7A8 protein to delay or restore the hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Espino Guarch
- Experimental Genetics, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar.,Genes, Disease and Therapy Program, Molecular Genetics Laboratory - IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Font-Llitjós
- Genes, Disease and Therapy Program, Molecular Genetics Laboratory - IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Murillo-Cuesta
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ekaitz Errasti-Murugarren
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adelaida M Celaya
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Dragana Vuckovic
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Clara Vilches
- Genes, Disease and Therapy Program, Molecular Genetics Laboratory - IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susanna Bodoy
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sahún
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura González
- Genes, Disease and Therapy Program, Molecular Genetics Laboratory - IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Prat
- Genes, Disease and Therapy Program, Molecular Genetics Laboratory - IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Genetics Section, Physiological Sciences Department, Health Sciences and Medicine Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Manuel Palacín
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Nunes
- Genes, Disease and Therapy Program, Molecular Genetics Laboratory - IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Genetics Section, Physiological Sciences Department, Health Sciences and Medicine Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Núñez B, Martínez de Mena R, Obregon MJ, Font-Llitjós M, Nunes V, Palacín M, Dumitrescu AM, Morte B, Bernal J. Cerebral cortex hyperthyroidism of newborn mct8-deficient mice transiently suppressed by lat2 inactivation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96915. [PMID: 24819605 PMCID: PMC4018440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone entry into cells is facilitated by transmembrane transporters. Mutations of the specific thyroid hormone transporter, MCT8 (Monocarboxylate Transporter 8, SLC16A2) cause an X-linked syndrome of profound neurological impairment and altered thyroid function known as the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome. MCT8 deficiency presumably results in failure of thyroid hormone to reach the neural target cells in adequate amounts to sustain normal brain development. However during the perinatal period the absence of Mct8 in mice induces a state of cerebral cortex hyperthyroidism, indicating increased brain access and/or retention of thyroid hormone. The contribution of other transporters to thyroid hormone metabolism and action, especially in the context of MCT8 deficiency is not clear. We have analyzed the role of the heterodimeric aminoacid transporter Lat2 (Slc7a8), in the presence or absence of Mct8, on thyroid hormone concentrations and on expression of thyroid hormone-dependent cerebral cortex genes. To this end we generated Lat2-/-, and Mct8-/yLat2-/- mice, to compare with wild type and Mct8-/y mice during postnatal development. As described previously the single Mct8 KO neonates had a transient increase of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine concentration and expression of thyroid hormone target genes in the cerebral cortex. Strikingly the absence of Lat2 in the double Mct8Lat2 KO prevented the effect of Mct8 inactivation in newborns. The Lat2 effect was not observed from postnatal day 5 onwards. On postnatal day 21 the Mct8 KO displayed the typical pattern of thyroid hormone concentrations in plasma, decreased cortex 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine concentration and Hr expression, and concomitant Lat2 inactivation produced little to no modifications. As Lat2 is expressed in neurons and in the choroid plexus, the results support a role for Lat2 in the supply of thyroid hormone to the cerebral cortex during early postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Núñez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Martínez de Mena
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Obregon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Font-Llitjós
- Laboratorio de Genètica Molecular, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) Unit 730, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Nunes
- Laboratorio de Genètica Molecular, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) Unit 730, Barcelona, Spain
- Sección de Genética, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas II, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Palacín
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER Unit 731, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandra M. Dumitrescu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Beatriz Morte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER Unit 708, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Bernal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER Unit 708, Madrid, Spain
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3
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García-Cazorla A, Oyarzabal A, Fort J, Robles C, Castejón E, Ruiz-Sala P, Bodoy S, Merinero B, Lopez-Sala A, Dopazo J, Nunes V, Ugarte M, Artuch R, Palacín M, Rodríguez-Pombo P, Alcaide P, Navarrete R, Sanz P, Font-Llitjós M, Vilaseca MA, Ormaizabal A, Pristoupilova A, Agulló SB. Two novel mutations in the BCKDK (branched-chain keto-acid dehydrogenase kinase) gene are responsible for a neurobehavioral deficit in two pediatric unrelated patients. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:470-7. [PMID: 24449431 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in the BCKDK gene, which codes for the kinase responsible for the negative regulation of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKD), have recently been associated with a form of autism in three families. In this work, two novel exonic BCKDK mutations, c.520C>G/p.R174G and c.1166T>C/p.L389P, were identified at the homozygous state in two unrelated children with persistently reduced body fluid levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), developmental delay, microcephaly, and neurobehavioral abnormalities. Functional analysis of the mutations confirmed the missense character of the c.1166T>C change and showed a splicing defect r.[520c>g;521_543del]/p.R174Gfs1*, for c.520C>G due to the presence of a new donor splice site. Mutation p.L389P showed total loss of kinase activity. Moreover, patient-derived fibroblasts showed undetectable (p.R174Gfs1*) or barely detectable (p.L389P) levels of BCKDK protein and its phosphorylated substrate (phospho-E1α), resulting in increased BCKD activity and the very rapid BCAA catabolism manifested by the patients' clinical phenotype. Based on these results, a protein-rich diet plus oral BCAA supplementation was implemented in the patient homozygous for p.R174Gfs1*. This treatment normalized plasma BCAA levels and improved growth, developmental and behavioral variables. Our results demonstrate that BCKDK mutations can result in neurobehavioral deficits in humans and support the rationale for dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angels García-Cazorla
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (HSJD), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
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Giacopo AD, Rubio-Aliaga I, Cantone A, Artunc F, Rexhepaj R, Frey-Wagner I, Font-Llitjós M, Gehring N, Stange G, Jaenecke I, Mohebbi N, Closs EI, Palacín M, Nunes V, Daniel H, Lang F, Capasso G, Wagner CA. Differential cystine and dibasic amino acid handling after loss of function of the amino acid transporter b0,+AT (Slc7a9) in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F1645-55. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00221.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in SLC3A1 ( rBAT) and SLC7A9 ( b 0,+ AT). Gene targeting of the catalytic subunit ( Slc7a9) in mice leads to excessive excretion of cystine, lysine, arginine, and ornithine. Here, we studied this non-type I cystinuria mouse model using gene expression analysis, Western blotting, clearance, and brush-border membrane vesicle (BBMV) uptake experiments to further characterize the renal and intestinal consequences of losing Slc7a9 function. The electrogenic and BBMV flux studies in the intestine suggested that arginine and ornithine are transported via other routes apart from system b0,+. No remarkable gene expression changes were observed in other amino acid transporters and the peptide transporters in the intestine and kidney. Furthermore, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was reduced by 30% in knockout animals compared with wild-type animals. The fractional excretion of arginine was increased as expected (∼100%), but fractional excretions of lysine (∼35%), ornithine (∼16%), and cystine (∼11%) were less affected. Loss of function of b0,+AT reduced transport of cystine and arginine in renal BBMVs and completely abolished the exchanger activity of dibasic amino acids with neutral amino acids. In conclusion, loss of Slc7a9 function decreases the GFR and increases the excretion of several amino acids to a lesser extent than expected with no clear regulation at the mRNA and protein level of alternative transporters and no increased renal epithelial uptake. These observations indicate that transporters located in distal segments of the kidney and/or metabolic pathways may partially compensate for Slc7a9 loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Giacopo
- Institute of Physiology-Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Rubio-Aliaga
- Institute of Physiology-Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Cantone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chair of Nephrology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferruh Artunc
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rexhep Rexhepaj
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Mariona Font-Llitjós
- Medical and Molecular Genetics Center, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- U730 CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicole Gehring
- Institute of Physiology-Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerti Stange
- Institute of Physiology-Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Jaenecke
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nilufar Mohebbi
- Institute of Physiology-Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ellen I. Closs
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuel Palacín
- IRB Barcelona, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona and U731 CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Nunes
- Medical and Molecular Genetics Center, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, University of Barcelona, Spain; and
- U730 CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chair of Nephrology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Carsten A. Wagner
- Institute of Physiology-Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Barilli A, Rotoli BM, Visigalli R, Bussolati O, Gazzola GC, Gatti R, Dionisi-Vici C, Martinelli D, Goffredo BM, Font-Llitjós M, Mariani F, Luisetti M, Dall'Asta V. Impaired phagocytosis in macrophages from patients affected by lysinuric protein intolerance. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 105:585-9. [PMID: 22325938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lysinuric Protein Intolerance (LPI, MIM 222700) is a recessive aminoaciduria caused by defective cationic amino acid transport in epithelial cells of intestine and kidney. SLC7A7, the gene mutated in LPI, codifies for the y+LAT1 subunit of system y(+)L amino acid transporter. LPI patients frequently display severe complications, such as pulmonary disease, haematological abnormalities and disorders of the immune response. The transport defect may explain only a part of the clinical aspects of the disease, while the mechanisms linking the genetic defect to the clinical features of the patients remain thus far obscure. The aim of the study is to investigate the consequences of SLC7A7 mutations on specific macrophage functions, so as to evaluate if a macrophage dysfunction may have a role in the development of pulmonary and immunological complications of LPI. The results presented 1) confirm previous data obtained in one LPI patient, demonstrating that arginine influx through system y(+)L is markedly compromised in LPI macrophages; 2) demonstrate that also system y(+)L-mediated arginine efflux is significantly lower in LPI macrophages than in normal cells and 3) demonstrate that the phagocytic activity of LPI macrophages is severely impaired. In conclusion, SLC7A7/y+LAT1 mutations lead to a defective phenotype of macrophages, supporting the pathogenetic role of these cells in the development of LPI-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Barilli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Patologia Generale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
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6
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Font-Llitjós M. Gene symbol: SLC7A7. Disease: Lysinuric protein intolerance. Hum Genet 2008; 124:318. [PMID: 18846671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Font-Llitjós
- IDIBELL, Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular, Gran Via km 2,7, s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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7
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Font-Llitjós M, Nunes V. Gene symbol: SLC7A7. Disease: Lysinuric protein intolerance. Hum Genet 2008; 124:317. [PMID: 18846668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Font-Llitjós
- IDIBELL, Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular, Gran Via km 2,7, s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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Font-Llitjós M. Gene symbol: SLC7A7. Disease: Lysinuric protein intolerance. Hum Genet 2008; 124:317. [PMID: 18846669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Font-Llitjós
- IDIBELL, Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular, Gran Via km 2,7, s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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9
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Font-Llitjós M. Gene symbol: SLC7A7. Disease: Lysinuric protein intolerance. Hum Genet 2008; 124:317. [PMID: 18846670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Font-Llitjós
- IDIBELL, Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular, Gran Via km 2,7, s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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10
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Font-Llitjós M, Nunes V. Gene symbol: SLC7A7. Disease: Lysinuric protein intolerance. Hum Genet 2008; 124:318-319. [PMID: 18846673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Font-Llitjós
- IDIBELL, Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular, Gran Via km 2,7, s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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11
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Font-Llitjós M, Nunes V. Gene symbol: SLC7A7. Disease: Lysinuric protein intolerance. Hum Genet 2008; 124:318. [PMID: 18846672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Font-Llitjós
- IDIBELL, Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular, Gran Via km 2,7, s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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Font-Llitjós M, Feliubadaló L, Espino M, Clèries R, Mañas S, Frey IM, Puertas S, Colell G, Palomo S, Aranda J, Visa J, Palacín M, Nunes V. Slc7a9knockout mouse is a good cystinuria model for antilithiasic pharmacological studies. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 293:F732-40. [PMID: 17596531 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00121.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystinuria is a hereditary disorder caused by a defect in the apical membrane transport system for cystine and dibasic amino acids in renal proximal tubules and intestine, resulting in recurrent urolithiasis. Mutations in SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 genes, that codify for rBAT/b0,+AT transporter subunits, cause type A and B cystinuria, respectively. In humans, cystinuria treatment is based on the prevention of calculi formation and its dissolution or breakage. Persistent calculi are treated with thiols [i.e., d-penicillamine (DP) and mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG)] for cystine solubilization. We have developed a new protocol with DP to validate our Slc7a9 knockout mouse model for the study of the therapeutic effect of drugs in the treatment of cystine lithiasis. We performed a 5-wk treatment of individually caged lithiasic mutant mice with a previously tested DP dose. To appraise the evolution of lithiasis throughout the treatment a noninvasive indirect method of calculi quantification was developed: calculi mass was quantified by densitometry of X-ray images from cystinuric mice before and after treatment. Urine was collected in metabolic cage experiments to quantify amino acids in DP-treated and nontreated, nonlithiasic mutant mice. We found significant differences between DP-treated and nontreated knockout mice in calculi size and in urinary cystine excretion. Histopathological analysis showed that globally nontreated mutant mice had more severe and diffuse urinary system damage than DP-treated mice. Our results validate the use of this mouse model for testing the efficacy of potential new drugs against cystinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Font-Llitjós
- Medical and Molecular Genetics Center, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M, Nunes V. New insights into cystinuria: 40 new mutations, genotype-phenotype correlation, and digenic inheritance causing partial phenotype. J Med Genet 2006; 42:58-68. [PMID: 15635077 PMCID: PMC1735913 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.022244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the genotype-phenotype correlation and elucidate the role of digenic inheritance in cystinuria. METHODS 164 probands from the International Cystinuria Consortium were screened for mutations in SLC3A1 (type A) and SLC7A9 (type B) and classified on the basis of urine excretion of cystine and dibasic amino acids by obligate heterozygotes into 37 type I (silent heterozygotes), 46 type non-I (hyperexcretor heterozygotes), 14 mixed, and 67 untyped probands. RESULTS Mutations were identified in 97% of the probands, representing 282 alleles (86.8%). Forty new mutations were identified: 24 in SLC3A1 and 16 in SLC7A9. Type A heterozygotes showed phenotype I, but mutation DupE5-E9 showed phenotype non-I in some heterozygotes. Type B heterozygotes showed phenotype non-I, with the exception of 10 type B mutations which showed phenotype I in some heterozygotes. Thus most type I probands carried type A mutations and all type non-I probands carried type B mutations. Types B and A mutations contributed to mixed type, BB being the most representative genotype. Two mixed cystinuria families transmitted mutations in both genes: double compound heterozygotes (type AB) had greater aminoaciduria than single heterozygotes in their family. CONCLUSIONS Digenic inheritance is an exception (two of 164 families), with a limited contribution to the aminoaciduria values (partial phenotype) in cystinuria. Further mutational analysis could focus on one of the two genes (SLC3A1 preferentially for type I and SLC7A9 for type non-I probands), while for mixed probands analysis of both genes might be required, with priority given to SLC7A9.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Font-Llitjós
- Centre of Medical and Molecular Genetics (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
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Palacín M, Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Fort J, Gasol E, Pineda M, Feliubadaló L, Chillarón J, Zorzano A. The Genetics of Heteromeric Amino Acid Transporters. Physiology (Bethesda) 2005; 20:112-24. [PMID: 15772300 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00051.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heteromeric amino acid transporters (HATs) are composed of a heavy ( SLC3 family) and a light ( SLC7 family) subunit. Mutations in system b0,+(rBAT-b0,+AT) and in system y+L (4F2hc-y+LAT1) cause the primary inherited aminoacidurias (PIAs) cystinuria and lysinuric protein intolerance, respectively. Recent developments [including the identification of the first Hartnup disorder gene (B0AT1; SLC6A19)] and knockout mouse models have begun to reveal the basis of renal and intestinal reabsorption of amino acids in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Palacín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Barcelona, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Spain.
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC3A1. Disease: cystinuria. Hum Genet 2005; 116:235. [PMID: 15818810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC3A1. Disease: cystinuria. Hum Genet 2005; 116:241. [PMID: 15818829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC7A9. Disease: cystinuria, type non-I. Hum Genet 2005; 116:232. [PMID: 15818803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC7A9. Disease: cystinuria, type non-I. Hum Genet 2005; 116:238. [PMID: 15818819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC3A1. Disease: cystinuria. Hum Genet 2005; 116:243. [PMID: 15818834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC7A9. Disease: cystinuria, type non-I. Hum Genet 2005; 116:243. [PMID: 15818836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC7A9. Disease: cystinuria, type non-I. Hum Genet 2005; 116:237. [PMID: 15818816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jimenez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC7A9. Disease: cystinuria, type non-I. Hum Genet 2005; 116:237. [PMID: 15818818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC3A1. Disease: cystinuria. Hum Genet 2005; 116:246. [PMID: 15818843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Biceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M, Nunes V. Gene symbol: SLC3A1. Disease: cystinuria. Hum Genet 2005; 116:232. [PMID: 15818801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC3A1. Disease: cystinuria. Hum Genet 2005; 116:239. [PMID: 15818823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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26
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC7A9. Disease: cystinuria, untyped. Hum Genet 2005; 116:239. [PMID: 15818824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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27
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC7A9. Disease: cystinuria, type non-I. Hum Genet 2005; 116:244. [PMID: 15818837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC7A9. Disease: cystinuria, type I. Hum Genet 2005; 116:237. [PMID: 15818817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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29
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC7A9. Disease: cystinuria, type non-I. Hum Genet 2005; 116:236. [PMID: 15818815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC7A9. Disease: cystinuria, type non-I. Hum Genet 2005; 116:239. [PMID: 15818822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC7A9. Disease: cystinuria, type non-I. Hum Genet 2005; 116:231. [PMID: 15818799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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32
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC3A1. Disease: cystinuria. Hum Genet 2005; 116:242. [PMID: 15818832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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33
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC3A1. Disease: cystinuria. Hum Genet 2005; 116:243. [PMID: 15818835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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34
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC7A9. Disease: cystinuria, untyped. Hum Genet 2005; 116:234. [PMID: 15818807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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35
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC7A9. Disease: cystinuria, type non-I. Hum Genet 2005; 116:234. [PMID: 15818809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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36
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Nunes M, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC7A9. Disease: cystinuria, untyped. Hum Genet 2005; 116:238. [PMID: 15818820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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37
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC3A1. Disease: cystinuria. Hum Genet 2005; 116:244. [PMID: 15818838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC3A1. Disease: cystinuria. Hum Genet 2005; 116:245. [PMID: 15818840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M, Nunes V. Gene symbol: SLC3A1. Disease: cystinuria. Hum Genet 2005; 116:231. [PMID: 15818800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC3A1. Disease: cystinuria. Hum Genet 2005; 116:232. [PMID: 15818802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousaud F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC3A1. Disease: cystinuria. Hum Genet 2005; 116:233. [PMID: 15818806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC3A1. Disease: cystinuria. Hum Genet 2005; 116:241. [PMID: 15818828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nunes V, Font-Llitjós M, Jiménez-Vidal M, Bisceglia L, Di Perna M, de Sanctis L, Rousad F, Zelante L, Palacín M. Gene symbol: SLC3A1. Disease: cystinuria. Hum Genet 2005; 116:242. [PMID: 15818831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Nunes
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular (IRO), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Autovía de Castelldefels Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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