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Biering K, Kinnerup M, Cramer C, Dalbøge A, Toft Würtz E, Lund Würtz AM, Kolstad HA, Schlünssen V, Meulengracht Flachs E, Nielsen KJ. Use, failure, and non-compliance of respiratory personal protective equipment and risk of upper respiratory tract infections-A longitudinal repeated measurement study during the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers in Denmark. Ann Work Expo Health 2024; 68:376-386. [PMID: 38373246 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) are common and a common cause of sick-leave for healthcare workers, and furthermore pose a threat especially for patients susceptible to other diseases. Sufficient use of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) may protect both the workers and the patients. The COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity to study the association between use of RPE and URTI in a real-life setting. The aim of this study was to examine if failure of RPE or non-compliance with RPE guidelines increases the risk of non-COVID-19 URTI symptoms among healthcare workers. METHODS In a longitudinal cohort study, we collected self-reported data daily on work tasks, use of RPE, and URTI symptoms among healthcare workers with patient contact in 2 Danish Regions in 2 time periods during the COVID-19 pandemic. The association between failure of RPE or non-compliance with RPE guidelines and URTI symptoms was analyzed separately by generalized linear models. Persons tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were censored from the analyses. The 2 waves of data collection were analyzed separately, as there were differences in recommendations of RPE during the 2 waves. RESULTS We found that for healthcare workers performing work tasks with a risk of transmission of viruses or bacteria, failure of RPE was associated with an increased risk of URTI symptoms, RR: 1.65[0.53-5.14] in wave 1 and RR: 1.30[0.56-3.03] in wave 2. Also non-compliance with RPE guidelines was associated with an increased risk of URTI symptoms compared to the use of RPE in wave 1, RR: 1.28[0.87-1.87] and wave 2, RR: 1.39[1.01-1.91]. Stratifying on high- versus low-risk tasks showed that the risk related to failure and non-compliance was primarily associated with high-risk tasks, although not statistically significant. DISCUSSION The study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic and thus may be affected by other preventive measures in society. However, this gave the opportunity to study the use of RPE in a real-life setting, also in departments that did not previously use RPE. The circumstances in the 2 time periods of data collection differed and were analyzed separately and thus the sample size was limited and affected the precision of the estimates. CONCLUSION Failures of RPE and non-compliance with RPE guidelines may increase the risk of URTI, compared to those who reported use of RPE as recommended. The implications of these findings are that the use of RPE to prevent URTI could be considered, especially while performing high-risk tasks where other prevention strategies are not achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Biering
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Research Clinic, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Goedstrup Hospital, 7400 Herning, Denmark
| | - Martin Kinnerup
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Research Clinic, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Goedstrup Hospital, 7400 Herning, Denmark
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Christine Cramer
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Annett Dalbøge
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Else Toft Würtz
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette Lund Würtz
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Albert Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Esben Meulengracht Flachs
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Kent J Nielsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Research Clinic, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Goedstrup Hospital, 7400 Herning, Denmark
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Kemp AF, Kinnerup M, Johnsen B, Jakobsen S, Nahimi A, Gjedde A. EEG Frequency Correlates with α 2-Receptor Density in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:209. [PMID: 38397446 PMCID: PMC10886955 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased theta and delta power and decreased alpha and beta power, measured with quantitative electroencephalography (EEG), have been demonstrated to have utility for predicting the development of dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Noradrenaline modulates cortical activity and optimizes cognitive processes. We claim that the loss of noradrenaline may explain cognitive impairment and the pathological slowing of EEG waves. Here, we test the relationship between the number of noradrenergic α2 adrenoceptors and changes in the spectral EEG ratio in patients with PD. METHODS We included nineteen patients with PD and thirteen healthy control (HC) subjects in the study. We used positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]yohimbine to quantify α2 adrenoceptor density. We used EEG power in the delta (δ, 1.5-3.9 Hz), theta (θ, 4-7.9 Hz), alpha (α, 8-12.9 Hz) and beta (β, 13-30 Hz) bands in regression analyses to test the relationships between α2 adrenoceptor density and EEG band power. RESULTS PD patients had higher power in the theta and delta bands compared to the HC volunteers. Patients' theta band power was inversely correlated with α2 adrenoceptor density in the frontal cortex. In the HC subjects, age was correlated with, and occipital background rhythm frequency (BRF) was inversely correlated with, α2 adrenoceptor density in the frontal cortex, while occipital BRF was inversely correlated with α2 adrenoceptor density in the thalamus. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the claim that the loss or dysfunction of noradrenergic neurotransmission may relate to the parallel processes of cognitive decline and EEG slowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F. Kemp
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Martin Kinnerup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.K.); (B.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Birger Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.K.); (B.J.); (S.J.)
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Jakobsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.K.); (B.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Adjmal Nahimi
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, 211 46 Malmö, Sweden;
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.K.); (B.J.); (S.J.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Doppler CEJ, Smit J, Hommelsen M, Seger A, Okkels N, Horsager J, Kinnerup M, Hansen AK, Fedorova TD, Knudsen K, Otto M, Nahimi A, Fink GR, Borghammer P, Sommerauer M. Disruption of Sleep Microarchitecture Is a Sensitive and Early Marker of Parkinson's Disease. J Parkinsons Dis 2022; 12:2555-2560. [PMID: 36189604 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in patients with Parkinson's disease, sleep macroarchitecture metrics show only minor changes. OBJECTIVE To assess alterations of the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) as a critical feature of sleep microarchitecture in patients with prodromal, recent, and established Parkinson's disease. METHODS We evaluated overnight polysomnography for classic sleep macroarchitecture and CAP metrics in 68 patients at various disease stages and compared results to 22 age- and sex-matched controls. RESULTS Already at the prodromal stage, patients showed a significantly reduced CAP rate as a central characteristic of sleep microarchitecture. Temporal characteristics of CAP showed a gradual change over disease stages and correlated with motor performance. In contrast, the sleep macroarchitecture metrics did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION Data suggest that alterations of sleep microarchitecture are an early and more sensitive characteristic of Parkinson's disease than changes in sleep macroarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E J Doppler
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Julia Smit
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hommelsen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Aline Seger
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Niels Okkels
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob Horsager
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Kinnerup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Allan K Hansen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tatyana D Fedorova
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karoline Knudsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marit Otto
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Adjmal Nahimi
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, Memory Disorders, and Geriatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Sommerauer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Andersen KB, Hansen AK, Sommerauer M, Fedorova TD, Knudsen K, Vang K, Van Den Berge N, Kinnerup M, Nahimi A, Pavese N, Brooks DJ, Borghammer P. Altered sensorimotor cortex noradrenergic function in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder – A PET study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 75:63-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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