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Rossi R, Bærentzen SL, Thomsen MB, Real CC, Wegener G, Grassi-Oliveira R, Gjedde A, Landau AM. A single dose of cocaine raises SV2A density in hippocampus of adolescent rats. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2024; 36:109-117. [PMID: 36847240 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cocaine is a highly addictive psychostimulant that affects synaptic activity with structural and functional adaptations of neurons. The transmembrane synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) of pre-synaptic vesicles is commonly used to measure synaptic density, as a novel approach to the detection of synaptic changes. We do not know if a single dose of cocaine suffices to affect pre-synaptic SV2A density, especially during adolescence when synapses undergo intense maturation. Here, we explored potential changes of pre-synaptic SV2A density in target brain areas associated with the cocaine-induced boost of dopaminergic neurotransmission, specifically testing if the effects would last after the return of dopamine levels to baseline. METHODS We administered cocaine (20 mg/kg i.p.) or saline to rats in early adolescence, tested their activity levels and removed the brains 1 hour and 7 days after injection. To evaluate immediate and lasting effects, we did autoradiography with [3H]UCB-J, a specific tracer for SV2A, in medial prefrontal cortex, striatum, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and dorsal and ventral areas of hippocampus. We also measured the striatal binding of [3H]GBR-12935 to test cocaine's occupancy of the dopamine transporter at both times of study. RESULTS We found a significant increase of [3H]UCB-J binding in the dorsal and ventral sections of hippocampus 7 days after the cocaine administration compared to saline-injected rats, but no differences 1 hour after the injection. The [3H]GBR-12935 binding remained unchanged at both times. CONCLUSION Cocaine provoked lasting changes of hippocampal synaptic SV2A density after a single exposure during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Rossi
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simone Larsen Bærentzen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Majken B Thomsen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Caroline C Real
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anne M Landau
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Fredensborg FLH, Thilsing-Hansen K, Simonsen JA, Grupe P, Farahani ZA, Andersen CW, Gjedde A, Hvidsten S. Dynamic multi-pinhole collimated brain SPECT of Parkinson's disease by [ 123I]FP-CIT: a feasibility study of fSPECT. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6624. [PMID: 38503852 PMCID: PMC10951323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of using a dopamine transporter (DaT) tracer ligand ([123I]FP-CIT) along with novel multi-pinhole brain collimators for dynamic brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in suspected Parkinson's disease patients. Thirteen patients underwent dynamic tracer acquisitions before standard imaging. Uptake values were corrected for partial volume effects. Specific binding ratio (SBRcalc) was calculated, reflecting binding potential relative to non-displaceable binding (BPND) in the cortex. Additional pharmacokinetic parameters (BPND, R1, k2) were estimated using the simplified reference tissue model, revealing differences between Kahraman low-score (LS) and high-score (HS) groups. Results showed increasing striatal tracer uptake until 100 min post-injection, with consistent values afterward. Uptake and SBRcalc ratios matched visual assessment. LS patients had lower putamen than caudate nucleus tracer uptake, decreased BPND values, while R1 and k2 values were comparable to HS patients. In conclusion, dynamic multi-pinhole SPECT using DaT tracer with the extraction of pharmacokinetic parameters is feasible and could help enable early differentiation of reduced and normal DaT values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip L H Fredensborg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | | | - Jane A Simonsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Grupe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ziba A Farahani
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Svend Hvidsten
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Kemp AF, Kinnerup M, Johnsen B, Jakobsen S, Nahimi A, Gjedde A. EEG Frequency Correlates with α 2-Receptor Density in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:209. [PMID: 38397446 PMCID: PMC10886955 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased theta and delta power and decreased alpha and beta power, measured with quantitative electroencephalography (EEG), have been demonstrated to have utility for predicting the development of dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Noradrenaline modulates cortical activity and optimizes cognitive processes. We claim that the loss of noradrenaline may explain cognitive impairment and the pathological slowing of EEG waves. Here, we test the relationship between the number of noradrenergic α2 adrenoceptors and changes in the spectral EEG ratio in patients with PD. METHODS We included nineteen patients with PD and thirteen healthy control (HC) subjects in the study. We used positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]yohimbine to quantify α2 adrenoceptor density. We used EEG power in the delta (δ, 1.5-3.9 Hz), theta (θ, 4-7.9 Hz), alpha (α, 8-12.9 Hz) and beta (β, 13-30 Hz) bands in regression analyses to test the relationships between α2 adrenoceptor density and EEG band power. RESULTS PD patients had higher power in the theta and delta bands compared to the HC volunteers. Patients' theta band power was inversely correlated with α2 adrenoceptor density in the frontal cortex. In the HC subjects, age was correlated with, and occipital background rhythm frequency (BRF) was inversely correlated with, α2 adrenoceptor density in the frontal cortex, while occipital BRF was inversely correlated with α2 adrenoceptor density in the thalamus. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the claim that the loss or dysfunction of noradrenergic neurotransmission may relate to the parallel processes of cognitive decline and EEG slowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F. Kemp
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Martin Kinnerup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.K.); (B.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Birger Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.K.); (B.J.); (S.J.)
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Jakobsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.K.); (B.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Adjmal Nahimi
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, 211 46 Malmö, Sweden;
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.K.); (B.J.); (S.J.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Taha A, Alassi A, Gjedde A, Wong DF. Transforming Neurology and Psychiatry: Organ-specific PET Instrumentation and Clinical Applications. PET Clin 2024; 19:95-103. [PMID: 37813719 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
PET technology has immense potential for furthering understanding of the brain and associated disorders, including advancements in high-resolution tomographs and hybrid imaging modalities. Novel radiotracers targeting specific neurotransmitter systems and molecular markers provide opportunities to unveil intricate mechanisms underlying neurologic and psychiatric conditions. As PET imaging techniques and analysis methods continue to be refined, the field is poised to make significant contributions to personalized medicine for more targeted and effective interventions. PET instrumentation has advanced the fields of neurology and psychiatry, providing insights into pathophysiology and development of effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Taha
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amer Alassi
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dean F Wong
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Departments of Radiology, Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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Ballegaard S, Faber J, Selmer C, Gyntelberg F, Kreiner S, Karpatschof B, Klausen TW, Hjalmarson Å, Gjedde A. In Ischemic Heart Disease, Reduced Sensitivity to Pressure at the Sternum Accompanies Lower Mortality after Five Years: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7585. [PMID: 38137654 PMCID: PMC10744062 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Autonomic nervous system dysfunction (ANSD) is associated with negative prognosis of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Elevated periosteal pressure sensitivity (PPS) at the sternum relates to ANSD and sympathetic hyperactivity. Two previous observational case-control studies of the effect of reduction of PPS suggested lower all-cause mortality from IHD and stroke. We now used a specific daily, adjunct, non-pharmacological program of reduction of elevated PPS to test the hypothetical association between the intervention and reduced all-cause mortality in patients with stable IHD in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Methods: We completed active (n = 106) and passive interventions (n = 107) and compared the five-year mortalities. We also compared the five-year individual all-cause mortality of each participant to approximately 35.000 members of the general population of Denmark. Pooling the mortality data from the active group of the RCT with the two preliminary studies, we registered the mortality following active intervention of 1.168 person-years, compared to 40 million person-years of the pooled general population. Results: We recorded fewer deaths of the active RCT intervention group than of the corresponding control group from the general population (p = 0.01), as well as of the passive RCT intervention group (p = 0.035). The meta-analysis of the three studies together demonstrated reduced 4.2-year all-cause mortality of 60% (p = 0.007). Conclusions: The test of the hypothetical effect of an intervention aimed at the attenuation of ANSD accompanied by a lowered PPS revealed reduced all-cause mortality in patients with stable IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Ballegaard
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospitals, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (J.F.)
| | - Jens Faber
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospitals, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (J.F.)
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Selmer
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospitals, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (J.F.)
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospitals, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Gyntelberg
- The National Research Center for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svend Kreiner
- Institute of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, 1017 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benny Karpatschof
- Institute of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, 1017 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Wirenfeldt Klausen
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospitals, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (J.F.)
| | - Åke Hjalmarson
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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Gjedde A. Editorial: Nicotine and its derivatives in disorders of cognition: a challenging new topic of study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1252705. [PMID: 37534040 PMCID: PMC10393245 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1252705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
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Sigvard AK, Bojesen KB, Ambrosen KS, Nielsen MØ, Gjedde A, Tangmose K, Kumakura Y, Edden R, Fuglø D, Jensen LT, Rostrup E, Ebdrup BH, Glenthøj BY. Dopamine Synthesis Capacity and GABA and Glutamate Levels Separate Antipsychotic-Naïve Patients With First-Episode Psychosis From Healthy Control Subjects in a Multimodal Prediction Model. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci 2023; 3:500-509. [PMID: 37519478 PMCID: PMC10382695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disturbances in presynaptic dopamine activity and levels of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and glutamate plus glutamine collectively may have a role in the pathophysiology of psychosis, although separately they are poor diagnostic markers. We tested whether these neurotransmitters in combination improve the distinction of antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis from healthy control subjects. Methods We included 23 patients (mean age 22.3 years, 9 male) and 20 control subjects (mean age 22.4 years, 8 male). We determined dopamine metabolism in the nucleus accumbens and striatum from 18F-fluorodopa (18F-FDOPA) positron emission tomography. We measured GABA levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and glutamate plus glutamine levels in the ACC and left thalamus with 3T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We used binominal logistic regression for unimodal prediction when we modeled neurotransmitters individually and for multimodal prediction when we combined the 3 neurotransmitters. We selected the best combination based on Akaike information criterion. Results Individual neurotransmitters failed to predict group. Three triple neurotransmitter combinations significantly predicted group after Benjamini-Hochberg correction. The best model (Akaike information criterion 48.5) carried 93.5% of the cumulative model weight. It reached a classification accuracy of 83.7% (p = .003) and included dopamine synthesis capacity (Ki4p) in the nucleus accumbens (p = .664), GABA levels in the ACC (p = .019), glutamate plus glutamine levels in the thalamus (p = .678), and the interaction term Ki4p × GABA (p = .016). Conclusions Our multimodal approach proved superior classification accuracy, implying that the pathophysiology of patients represents a combination of neurotransmitter disturbances rather than aberrations in a single neurotransmitter. Particularly aberrant interrelations between Ki4p in the nucleus accumbens and GABA values in the ACC appeared to contribute diagnostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K. Sigvard
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Borup Bojesen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen S. Ambrosen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Ødegaard Nielsen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Karen Tangmose
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yoshitaka Kumakura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Richard Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- FM. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dan Fuglø
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Thorbjørn Jensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørn H. Ebdrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birte Yding Glenthøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Faber J, Ballegaard S, Ørsted N, Eldrup E, Karpatschof B, Gyntelberg F, Hecquet SK, Gjedde A. In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, normalization of hemoglobin A1c accompanies reduced sensitivity to pressure at the sternum. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1067098. [PMID: 37389368 PMCID: PMC10303981 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1067098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The autonomic nervous system (ANS) maintains glucose homeostasis. While higher than normal glucose levels stimulate the ANS toward reduction, previous findings suggest an association between sensitivity to, or pain from, pressure at the chest bone (pressure or pain sensitivity, PPS) and activity of the ANS. A recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) suggested that addition of an experimental, non-pharmacological intervention more effectively than conventional treatment lowered the levels of both PPS and HbA1c. Materials and analyses We tested the null hypothesis that conventional treatment (n = 60) would reveal no association between baseline HbA1c and normalization of HbA1c in 6 months, related to change of PPS. We compared the changes of HbA1c in PPS reverters who experienced a minimum reduction of 15 units of PPS and in PPS non-reverters who experienced no reduction. Depending on the result, we tested the association in a second group of participants with addition of the experimental program (n = 52). Results In the conventional group, PPS reverters experienced normalization of HbA1c that corrected the basal increase, thus disproving the null hypothesis. With the addition of the experimental program, PPS reverters experienced similar reduction. The reduction of HbA1c among reverters averaged 0.62 mmol/mol per mmol/mol increase of baseline HbA1c (P < 0.0001 compared to non-reverters). For baseline HbA1c ≥ 64 mmol/mol, reverters averaged 22% reduction of HbA1c (P < 0.01). Conclusion In consecutive analyses of two different populations of individuals with T2DM, we demonstrated that the higher the baseline HbA1c, the greater the reduction of HbA1c but only in individuals with a concomitant reduction of sensitivity to PPS, suggesting a homeostatic effect of the autonomic nervous system on glucose metabolism. As such, ANS function, measured as PPS, is an objective measure of HbA1c homeostasis. This observation may be of great clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Faber
- Department of Endocrinology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Ballegaard
- Department of Endocrinology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Nanna Ørsted
- Department of Endocrinology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ebbe Eldrup
- Department of Endocrinology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Benny Karpatschof
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Gyntelberg
- The National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Albert Gjedde
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Faber J, Selmer C, Gyntelberg F, Kreimer S, Karpatschof B, Ballegaard S, Hjalmarson A, Gjedde A. Abstract P316: Lower Mortality From Ischemic Heart Disease Associated With Attenuation of Autonomic Dysfunction is Related to Reduction of Sensitivity to Pain at the Chest Bone. Circulation 2023. [DOI: 10.1161/circ.147.suppl_1.p316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:
Autonomic nervous system dysfunction (ANSD) is associated with negative prognosis of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and has been found also to be related to elevated measures of sensitivity to pain from pressure (PPS) at the sternum. Previously, we found that non-pharmacological intervention by peripheral sensory nerve stimulation, monitored by repeated home-based PPS measurements, consistently was associated with lowered PPS measures. Compared to the general Danish population, the intervention reduced the all-cause mortality in two prospective observations, one of 103 patients with IHD followed for 3 years, and one of 73 patients with stroke followed for 4.5 years. Here, we test if we can reproduce lower all-cause mortality associated with lowered PPS measures in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).
Methods:
Of 361 consecutively followed patients with stable IHD, 65% had elevated PPS, suggestive of ANSD. Of these, 213 participated in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with active (n=106) or passive intervention (n=107). We compared the 5-year all-cause mortality of both groups with two corresponding subsections of approximately 35.000 members of the general population of Denmark, matching patients for gender, age, and observation period with data from Statistics Denmark, and we compared the 5-year mortality of the two RCT groups. In separate analyses, we pooled mortality data from the active group of the RCT with data from two observational studies. We registered the pooled active intervention mortality of 1.168 person-years, compared to approximately 40 million person-years of the pooled general population.
Results:
We observed fewer than three deaths in the active RCT group (exact number and 95% CI not available according to GDRP rules), compared to eight deaths of passive RCT group members (P=0.035). Based on the predicted mortality from the general population of eight deaths in both groups, the result is consistent with significantly reduced mortality of recipients of active intervention (P=0.011). The separate analyses of pooled data from three consecutive studies demonstrated a mean reduction of the 4.2-year all-cause mortality of 50% (P<0.00005).
Conclusions:
The predicted attenuation of ANSD associated with lowering of elevated PPS matched the lower all-cause mortality of patients with IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Faber
- Herlev-Gentofte Univ Hosp, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Finn Gyntelberg
- National Rsch Cntr for the Working Environment, Hørsholm, Denmark
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Oka N, Sakoh M, Hirayama M, Niiyama M, Gjedde A. Relationship between manual dexterity and left-right asymmetry of anatomical and functional properties of corticofugal tracts revealed by T2-weighted brain images. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2738. [PMID: 36792678 PMCID: PMC9932061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The corticofugal tracts (CFT) are key agents of upper limb motor function. Although the tracts form high-intensity regions relative to surrounding tissue in T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (T2WI), the precise relations of signal intensities of the left and right CFT regions to hand function are unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the different signal intensities between the left and right CFT signify clinically important differences of hand motor function. Eleven right-handed and eleven left-handed healthy volunteers participated in the study. Based on horizontal T2WI estimates, we confirmed the relationship between the signal intensity ratios of the peak values of each CFT in the posterior limbs of the internal capsules (right CFT vs. left CFT). The ratios included the asymmetry indices of the hand motor functions, including grip and pinch strength, as well as the target test (TT) that expressed the speed and accuracy of hitting a target ([right-hand score - left-hand score]/[right-hand score + left-hand score]), using simple linear regression. The signal intensity ratios of each CFT structure maintained significant linear relations with the asymmetry index of the speed (R2 = 0.493, P = 0.0003) and accuracy (R2 = 0.348, P = 0.004) of the TT. We found no significant association between left and right CFT structures for grip or pinch strengths. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the different signal intensities of the left and right CFT images captured by T2WI serve as biological markers that reflect the dominance of manual dexterity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Oka
- Convalescent Rehabilitation Center, Nerima Ken-Ikukai Hospital, 7-3-28, Ooizumigakuen-chou, Nerima-ku, Tokyo, 178-0061, Japan.
| | - Masaharu Sakoh
- Convalescent Rehabilitation Center, Nerima Ken-Ikukai Hospital, 7-3-28, Ooizumigakuen-chou, Nerima-ku, Tokyo, 178-0061 Japan ,grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Misato Hirayama
- Convalescent Rehabilitation Center, Nerima Ken-Ikukai Hospital, 7-3-28, Ooizumigakuen-chou, Nerima-ku, Tokyo, 178-0061 Japan
| | - Mayu Niiyama
- Convalescent Rehabilitation Center, Nerima Ken-Ikukai Hospital, 7-3-28, Ooizumigakuen-chou, Nerima-ku, Tokyo, 178-0061 Japan
| | - Albert Gjedde
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 13, Building 2B, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4 Canada
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11
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Phan JA, Wong DF, Chang NHS, Kumakura Y, Bauer WR, Gjedde A. Transient equilibrium determination of dopamine D 2/D 3 receptor densities and affinities in brain. Front Nucl Med 2022; 2:1030387. [PMID: 36926525 PMCID: PMC10017089 DOI: 10.3389/fnume.2022.1030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Long-term alteration of dopaminergic neurotransmission is known to modulate the D2/D3 receptor expression in the brain. The modulation can occur as a response to pathological processes or pharmacological intervention. The receptor density can be monitored by in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) of [11C] raclopride. To obtain accurate measurements of receptor-ligand interaction, it is essential to estimate binding parameters at true (if transient) equilibrium of bound and unbound ligand quantities. We designed this study as a comparison of two quantitative approaches to transient equilibrium, the TRansient EquilibriuM BoLus Estimation (TREMBLE) method and the Transient Equilibrium Model (TEM) method, to determine binding parameters at transient equilibrium with bolus injection of the radioligand. The data demonstrates that TREMBLE unlike TEM identified the time at which equilibrium existed. TREMBLE revealed that equilibrium prevailed at one or more times after bolus injection and identified differences of receptor density among regions such as putamen and caudate nucleus. We demonstrated that TREMBLE is a quantitative approach suitable for the study of pathophysiological conditions of certain types of neurotransmission the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny-Ann Phan
- Department of Neurology, Gødstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark
- NIDO - Centre for Research and Education, Gødstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of Nuclear Medicine PET Center, Baltimore MD, United States
| | - Dean F. Wong
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of Nuclear Medicine PET Center, Baltimore MD, United States
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Natalie H. S. Chang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Medical Spinal Research Unit, Spine Centre of Southern Denmark, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Yoshitaka Kumakura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Japan
| | - William R. Bauer
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of Nuclear Medicine PET Center, Baltimore MD, United States
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Neuroscience Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Gjedde A, Wong DF. Four decades of mapping and quantifying neuroreceptors at work in vivo by positron emission tomography. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:943512. [PMID: 36161158 PMCID: PMC9493011 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.943512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Decryption of brain images is the basis for the necessary translation of the findings from imaging to information required to meet the demands of clinical intervention. Tools of brain imaging, therefore, must satisfy the conditions dictated by the needs for interpretation in terms of diagnosis and prognosis. In addition, the applications must serve as fundamental research tools that enable the understanding of new therapeutic drugs, including compounds as diverse as antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, and drugs serving the relief of symptoms from neurochemical disorders as unrelated as multiple sclerosis, stroke, and dementia. Here we review and explain the kinetics of methods that enable researchers to describe the brain’s work and functions. We focus on methods invented by neurokineticists and expanded upon by practitioners during decades of experimental work and on the methods that are particularly useful to predict possible future approaches to the treatment of neurochemical disorders. We provide an overall description of the basic elements of kinetics and the underlying quantification methods, as well as the mathematics of modeling the recorded brain dynamics embedded in the images we obtain in vivo. The complex presentation to follow is necessary to justify the contribution of modeling to the development of methods and to support the specifications dictated by the proposed use in clinical settings. The quantification and kinetic modeling processes are equally essential to image reconstruction and labeling of brain regions of structural or functional interest. The procedures presented here are essential tools of scientific approaches to all conventional and novel forms of brain imaging. The foundations of the kinetic and quantitative methods are keys to the satisfaction of clinicians that actively engage in treating the neurochemical disorders of mammalian brains in the fields of neurology, neurosurgery, and neuropsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Albert Gjedde,
| | - Dean F. Wong
- Department of Radiology, Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neuroscience, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, United States
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13
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Rischel EB, Gejl M, Brock B, Rungby J, Gjedde A. In Alzheimer's disease, amyloid beta accumulation is a protective mechanism that ultimately fails. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 19:771-783. [PMID: 35673950 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS AND PREDICTIONS Here, we claim that amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation is a protective mechanism that ultimately fails. We predict that more Aβ accumulates in regions with higher rates of glucose metabolism, reaching a maximum followed by progression of pathology. BACKGROUND Aβ accumulation is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the accumulation does not correlate with cognitive decline, unlike the rates of glucose metabolism. STRATEGY We compared averaged and individual estimates of regional binding potentials of [11 C]Pittsburgh compound B to regionally averaged and individual values of metabolism of [18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose in brain regions of volunteers with AD. SIGNIFICANCE The claim explains the cognitive decline in some patients at a significantly lower level of Aβ deposition than in other patients, as well as the presence of cognitively healthy individuals with high Aβ accumulation. With further support of the hypothesis, the significance of Aβ accumulation in brains of patients with AD may require revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Brøchner Rischel
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Gejl
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Brock
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (SDCC), Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Rungby
- Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Rossi R, Arjmand S, Bærentzen SL, Gjedde A, Landau AM. Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A: Features and Functions. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:864514. [PMID: 35573314 PMCID: PMC9096842 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.864514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the field of neuroimaging dramatically moved forward by means of the expeditious development of specific radioligands of novel targets. Among these targets, the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) is a transmembrane protein of synaptic vesicles, present in all synaptic terminals, irrespective of neurotransmitter content. It is involved in key functions of neurons, focused on the regulation of neurotransmitter release. The ubiquitous expression in gray matter regions of the brain is the basis of its candidacy as a marker of synaptic density. Following the development of molecules derived from the structure of the anti-epileptic drug levetiracetam, which selectively binds to SV2A, several radiolabeled markers have been synthetized to allow the study of SV2A distribution with positron emission tomography (PET). These radioligands permit the evaluation of in vivo changes of SV2A distribution held to be a potential measure of synaptic density in physiological and pathological conditions. The use of SV2A as a biomarker of synaptic density raises important questions. Despite numerous studies over the last decades, the biological function and the expressional properties of SV2A remain poorly understood. Some functions of SV2A were claimed, but have not been fully elucidated. While the expression of SV2A is ubiquitous, stronger associations between SV2A and Υ amino butyric acid (GABA)-ergic rather than glutamatergic synapses were observed in some brain structures. A further issue is the unclear interaction between SV2A and its tracers, which reflects a need to clarify what really is detected with neuroimaging tools. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the SV2A protein and we discuss uncertain aspects of SV2A biology and physiology. As SV2A expression is ubiquitous, but likely more strongly related to a certain type of neurotransmission in particular circumstances, a more extensive knowledge of the protein would greatly facilitate the analysis and interpretation of neuroimaging results by allowing the evaluation not only of an increase or decrease of the protein level, but also of the type of neurotransmission involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Rossi
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Shokouh Arjmand
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simone Larsen Bærentzen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne M Landau
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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15
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Vestergaard MB, Ghanizada H, Lindberg U, Arngrim N, Paulson OB, Gjedde A, Ashina M, Larsson HBW. Human Cerebral Perfusion, Oxygen Consumption, and Lactate Production in Response to Hypoxic Exposure. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:1295-1306. [PMID: 34448827 PMCID: PMC8924433 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to moderate hypoxia in humans leads to cerebral lactate production, which occurs even when the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) is unaffected. We searched for the mechanism of this lactate production by testing the hypothesis of upregulation of cerebral glycolysis mediated by hypoxic sensing. Describing the pathways counteracting brain hypoxia could help us understand brain diseases associated with hypoxia. A total of 65 subjects participated in this study: 30 subjects were exposed to poikilocapnic hypoxia, 14 were exposed to isocapnic hypoxia, and 21 were exposed to carbon monoxide (CO). Using this setup, we examined whether lactate production reacts to an overall reduction in arterial oxygen concentration or solely to reduced arterial oxygen partial pressure. We measured cerebral blood flow (CBF), CMRO2, and lactate concentrations by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. CBF increased (P < 10-4), whereas the CMRO2 remained unaffected (P > 0.076) in all groups, as expected. Lactate increased in groups inhaling hypoxic air (poikilocapnic hypoxia: $0.0136\ \frac{\mathrm{mmol}/\mathrm{L}}{\Delta{\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{a}}{\mathrm{O}}_2}$, P < 10-6; isocapnic hypoxia: $0.0142\ \frac{\mathrm{mmol}/\mathrm{L}}{\Delta{\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{a}}{\mathrm{O}}_2}$, P = 0.003) but was unaffected by CO (P = 0.36). Lactate production was not associated with reduced CMRO2. These results point toward a mechanism of lactate production by upregulation of glycolysis mediated by sensing a reduced arterial oxygen pressure. The released lactate may act as a signaling molecule engaged in vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Vestergaard
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine, and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup 2600, Denmark
| | - Hashmat Ghanizada
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup 2600, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Lindberg
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine, and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup 2600, Denmark
| | - Nanna Arngrim
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup 2600, Denmark
| | - Olaf B Paulson
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup 2600, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Henrik B W Larsson
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine, and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup 2600, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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16
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Chang NHS, Kumakura Y, Møller A, Linnet J, Bender D, Doudet DJ, Vafaee MS, Gjedde A. On the learning of addictive behavior: Sensation-seeking propensity predicts dopamine turnover in dorsal striatum. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:355-365. [PMID: 34417966 PMCID: PMC8825434 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We asked if sensation-seeking is linked to premorbid personality characteristics in patients with addictive disorders, or the characteristics follow the sensation-seeking activity. We interpreted the former as a state associated with normal rates of dopamine synthesis, and the latter as a trait of individuals with abnormally high rates of synthesis. We previously determined dopaminergic receptor density in striatum, and we now tested the hypothesis that an elevated dopaminergic condition with increased extracellular dopamine and receptor density follows increased dopamine synthesis capacity in highly sensation-seeking individuals, as measured by positron emission tomography of 18 men with tracer fluorodopa (FDOPA). We detected a site in left caudate nucleus where the volume of distribution of FDOPA-derived metabolites correlated negatively with FDOPA metabolite turnover, consistent with decreased metabolite breakdown in highly sensation-seeking subjects. High rates of sensation-seeking attenuated the dopamine turnover in association with a low rate of dopamine recycling, low dopamine oxidation, and elevated extracellular dopamine and receptors in caudate nucleus. In contrast, low rates of sensation-seeking were associated with rapid dopamine recycling, rapid dopamine oxidation, low extracellular dopamine, and low receptor density. We conclude that the modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission associated with sensation-seeking is a state of sensation-seeking, rather than a trait of personality following abnormal regulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hong Siu Chang
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, DK-5000 Denmark
| | - Yoshitaka Kumakura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8550 Japan
| | - Arne Møller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jakob Linnet
- Gambling Disorder & BED Clinic, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Dk-5000 Denmark
| | - Dirk Bender
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Doris J. Doudet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 2B5 Canada
| | - Manouchehr Seyedi Vafaee
- Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, DK-5230 Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200 Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, DK-5000 Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000 Denmark
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17
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Majdi A, Sadigh‐Eteghad S, Gjedde A. Effects of transdermal nicotine delivery on cognitive outcomes: A meta-analysis. Acta Neurol Scand 2021; 144:179-191. [PMID: 33899218 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE By the association of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain, nicotine in the therapeutic window lowers neuronal damage and raises protective factors. These data, however, are contradicted by other findings. Here, we assessed the effects of transdermal nicotine administration on cognitive functions in healthy non-smoker adults by systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. METHODS We included reports of clinical trials comparing the effects of nicotine patches with placebo in healthy non-smoking adults. The main outcome was the impact of nicotine patches on overall cognitive function with a focus on attention and memory. Standard meta-analytic and statistical methods measured the effect of transdermal nicotine compared with placebo patches. RESULTS We included 31 publications involving 978 subjects. Nicotine patches boosted cognitive function in healthy adults (0.233 SMD, 95%CI, 0.111-0.355, p < .001). Overall heterogeneity of the studies was found to be modest (ϰ2 = 68.24, T2 = 0.07, I2 = 50.17%, p < .001). Also, nicotine patches improved attention (0.231 SMD, 95%CI, 0.106-0.356, p < .001). We found the inter-study heterogeneity to be low (ϰ2 = 40.95, T2 = 0.03, I2 = 34.07%, p = .042). Further, the enhancement of memory by transdermal nicotine did not reach statistical significance in normal subjects (0.270 SMD, 95% CI, -0.293-0.833, p = .347). Also, high inter-study heterogeneity was found among studies (ϰ2 = 27.25, T2 = 0.43, I2 = 77.98%, p < .001). CONCLUSION The meta-analysis showed that transdermal nicotine had statistically significant positive effects on attention, and non-significant effects on memory, in healthy non-smoking adults. The results encourage further studies of the therapeutic potential of nicotine patches in disorders of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Albert Gjedde
- Neurosciences Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Clinical Research Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill University Montreal QC Canada
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18
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Khodaii J, Araj-Khodaei M, Vafaee MS, Wong DF, Gjedde A. Relative strengths of three linearizations of receptor availability: Saturation, Inhibition, and Occupancy plots. J Nucl Med 2021; 63:294-301. [PMID: 34088774 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.204453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We derived three widely used linearizations from the definition of receptor availability in molecular imaging with Positron Emission Tomography. The purpose of the present research was to determine the convergence of the results of the three methods in terms of three parameters, occupancy (s), distribution volume of the non-displaceable binding compartment (VND), and binding potential of the radioligand (BPND), in the absence of a gold standard. We tested 104 cases culled from the literature and calculated the goodness of fit of each of the Least Squares (LSM) and Deming II (DM) methods of linear regression when applied to the determination of the three main parameters, s, VND, and BPND, using the goodness of fit parameters R2, coefficient of variation (RMSE), and ‖X‖_∞ with both regression methods. We observed superior convergence among the values of s, VND, and BPND for the Inhibition and Occupancy plots. The Inhibition Plot emerged as the plot with a slightly higher degree of convergence (based on R2, RMSE and ‖X‖_∞ value). With two regression methods, Least Squares (LSM) and Deming II (DM), the estimated values of s, VND, and BPND generally converged. The Inhibition and Occupancy plots yielded the best fits to the data, according to the goodness of fit parameters, due primarily to the absent commingling of the dependent and independent variables tested with the Saturation (original Lassen) plot. In the presence of noise, the Inhibition and Occupancy plots yielded higher convergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Khodaii
- Amirkabir university of technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran, Islamic Republic of
| | - Mostafa Araj-Khodaei
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences ,Tabriz, Iran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
| | - Manouchehr S Vafaee
- Center of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Denmark
| | - Dean F Wong
- Section of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical, United States
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Center of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Denmark
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19
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Henriksen OM, Gjedde A, Vang K, Law I, Aanerud J, Rostrup E. Regional and interindividual relationships between cerebral perfusion and oxygen metabolism. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1836-1847. [PMID: 33830816 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00939.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative measurements of resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) show large between-subject and regional variability, but the relationships between CBF and CMRO2 measurements regionally and globally are not fully established. Here, we investigated the between-subject and regional associations between CBF and CMRO2 measures with independent and quantitative PET techniques. We included resting CBF and CMRO2 measurements from 50 healthy volunteers (aged 22-81 yr), and calculated the regional and global values of oxygen delivery (Do2) and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF). Linear mixed-model analysis showed that CBF and CMRO2 measurements were closely associated regionally, but no significant between-subject association could be demonstrated, even when adjusting for arterial Pco2 and hemoglobin concentration. The analysis also showed regional differences of OEF, reflecting variable relationship between Do2 and CMRO2, resulting in lower estimates of OEF in thalami, brainstem, and mesial temporal cortices and higher estimates of OEF in occipital cortex. In the present study, we demonstrated no between-subject association of quantitative measurements of CBF and CMRO2 in healthy subjects. Thus, quantitative measurements of CBF did not reflect the underlying between-subject variability of oxygen metabolism measures, mainly because of large interindividual OEF variability not accounted for by Pco2 and hemoglobin concentration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using quantitative PET-measurements in healthy human subjects, we confirmed a regional association of CBF and CMRO2, but did not find an association of these values across subjects. This suggests that subjects have an individual coupling between perfusion and metabolism and shows that absolute perfusion measurements does not serve as a surrogate measure of individual measures of oxygen metabolism. The analysis further showed smaller, but significant regional differences of oxygen extraction fraction at rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto M Henriksen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University and University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Vang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ian Law
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joel Aanerud
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Faber J, Eldrup E, Selmer C, Pichat C, Hecquet SK, Watt T, Kreiner S, Karpatschof B, Gyntelberg F, Ballegaard S, Gjedde A. Reduction of Pressure Pain Sensitivity as Novel Non-pharmacological Therapeutic Approach to Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:613858. [PMID: 33776633 PMCID: PMC7991917 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.613858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autonomic nervous system dysfunction (ANSD) is known to affect glucose metabolism in the mammalian body. Tradition holds that glucose homeostasis is regulated by the peripheral nervous system, and contemporary therapeutic intervention reflects this convention. Objectives The present study tested the role of cerebral regulation of ANSD as consequence of novel understanding of glucose metabolism and treatment target in type 2 diabetes (T2D), suggested by the claim that the pressure pain sensitivity (PPS) of the chest bone periosteum may be a measure of cerebral ANSD. Design In a randomized controlled trial of 144 patients with T2D, we tested the claim that 6 months of this treatment would reduce PPS and improve peripheral glucose metabolism. Results In the active treatment group, mean glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) declined from 53.8 to 50.5 mmol/mol (intragroup p = 0.001), compared with the change from 53.8 to 53.4 mmol/mol in the control group, with the same level of diabetes treatment but not receiving the active treatment (between group p = 0.036). Mean PPS declined from 76.6 to 56.1 units (p < 0.001) in the active treatment group and from 77.5 to 72.8 units (p = 0.02; between group p < 0.001) in the control group. Changes of PPS and HbA1c were correlated (r = 0.37; p < 0.001). Conclusion We conclude that the proposed approach to treatment of T2D is a potential supplement to conventional therapy. Clinical Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 03576430).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Faber
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Herlev Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ebbe Eldrup
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Herlev Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christian Selmer
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Pichat
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Herlev Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sofie Korsgaard Hecquet
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Herlev Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Torquil Watt
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Herlev Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svend Kreiner
- Institute of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benny Karpatschof
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Gyntelberg
- The National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Ballegaard
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Herlev Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Taheri-Targhi S, Gjedde A, Araj-Khodaei M, Rikhtegar R, Parsian Z, Zarrintan S, Torbati M, Vafaee MS. Avicenna (980-1037 CE) and his Early Description and Classification of Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 71:1093-1098. [PMID: 31524162 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), dementia is a disorder that occurs as result of a neurodegenerative process in brain, and usually is chronic or progressive by nature. Most descriptions of senile dementia date back to Alois Alzheimer. In 1906, Alzheimer described the first patient, Auguste Deter, who suffered from the disorder that later became known as Alzheimer's disease. Although, the history of the disease before 1906 is quite rich, little has been said about the contributions of ancient and medieval physicians to the understanding of dementia. Over the centuries, the concept of senile dementia changed from an inevitable mental decline with aging, to different sets of clinical features with narrow limits of diagnosis of a disease in its own right. Documentation of the historical origins of prevention, diagnosis, and therapies of dementia would make an important contribution to a more complete understanding of this pathological degeneration of dementia. The present review focuses on the contributions of Avicenna (AD 980-1037) to the development of diagnosis and the discovery of etiology of different forms of dementia, with the goal of revealing the extent to which dementia was understood in the golden age of Islam in Persia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mostafa Araj-Khodaei
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rikhtegar
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Parsian
- Emergency Medicine Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina Zarrintan
- Division of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of General & Vascular Surgery, Shohada-Tajrish Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Torbati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Seyedi Vafaee
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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22
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Justinussen J, Dall C, Dencker D, Gjedde A, Fink-Jensen A, Thomsen M. Revealing a compulsive phenotype in cholinergic M 4-/- mice depends on the inter-trial interval initiation settings in a five choice serial reaction time task. Behav Brain Res 2020; 389:112649. [PMID: 32344038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 4 (M4) modulates dopaminergic neurotransmission and is a target for novel treatments of schizophrenia, cognitive deficits, and addiction. Impulsive and compulsive behaviors are key traits of addiction, yet the importance of M4 receptor signaling to these traits is poorly understood. We investigated impulsive action and compulsivity by measuring premature and perseverative responses in the five choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT). Furthermore, we hypothesized that inter-trial interval (ITI) initiation settings affected training durations and test performances in these experiments. METHODS M4-/- and wildtype mice were trained and tested on two versions of the 5CSRTT with different ITI initiation settings. One setting, the head-in condition, allowed the ITI to start while the mouse's head remained in the reward receptacle (magazine). The other setting, the head-out condition, required the mouse to remove its head from the magazine to initiate the ITI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We did not observe differences in premature or perseverative responses in M4-/- mice in either condition, but found evidence of reward-related compulsive behavior in M4-/- mice. In the head-in condition, M4-/- mice were slower to acquire the 5CSRTT, had more omissions, and had longer correct response latencies than wildtype mice. In the head-out condition, genotypes did not differ in training, but M4-/- mice showed small decreases in accuracy. Our findings demonstrate that ITI initiation settings contribute to different training durations and tested behaviors in M4-/- mice, suggesting ITI initiation settings are an important consideration for the general use of the 5CSRTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Justinussen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Denmark, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Dall
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Denmark, Denmark
| | - Ditte Dencker
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Denmark, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Fink-Jensen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Denmark, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morgane Thomsen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Denmark, Denmark.
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23
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Kang J, Kadam SD, Elmore JS, Sullivan BJ, Valentine H, Malla AP, Harraz MM, Rahmim A, Kang JU, Loew LM, Baumann MH, Grace AA, Gjedde A, Boctor EM, Wong DF. Transcranial photoacoustic imaging of NMDA-evoked focal circuit dynamics in the rat hippocampus. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:025001. [PMID: 32084654 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab78ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report the transcranial functional photoacoustic (fPA) neuroimaging of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) evoked neural activity in the rat hippocampus. Concurrent quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and microdialysis were used to record real-time circuit dynamics and excitatory neurotransmitter concentrations, respectively. APPROACH We hypothesized that location-specific fPA voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) contrast would identify neural activity changes in the hippocampus which correlate with NMDA-evoked excitatory neurotransmission. MAIN RESULTS Transcranial fPA VSD imaging at the contralateral side of the microdialysis probe provided NMDA-evoked VSD responses with positive correlation to extracellular glutamate concentration changes. qEEG validated a wide range of glutamatergic excitation, which culminated in focal seizure activity after a high NMDA dose. We conclude that transcranial fPA VSD imaging can distinguish focal glutamate loads in the rat hippocampus, based on the VSD redistribution mechanism which is sensitive to the electrophysiologic membrane potential. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest the future utility of this emerging technology in both laboratory and clinical sciences as an innovative functional neuroimaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeun Kang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America. Laboratory of Computational Sensing and Robotics, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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24
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Landau AM, Noer O, Alstrup AKO, Audrain H, Wegener G, Gjedde A, Doudet DJ, Winterdahl M. Type of Anaesthetic Influences [ 11C]MDL100,907 Binding to 5HT 2A Receptors in Porcine Brain. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 22:797-804. [PMID: 31993926 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anaesthesia routinely is used in animal neuroimaging in order to reduce head motion artefacts and minimize the influence of stress. However, anaesthetics can modify radioligand binding profiles at receptor targets studied by positron emission tomography (PET). Here, we determined the effects of two routine anaesthetics on the binding of a tracer of the serotonin 5HT2A receptors. PROCEDURES Isoflurane- and propofol-anesthetised Göttingen minipigs were imaged with [11C]MDL100,907 PET and analysed using regions of interest and statistical non-parametric mapping. RESULTS The binding potentials of the tracer in striatum under isoflurane anaesthesia significantly exceeded those obtained under propofol anaesthesia, an effect we attribute to the higher blood flow in brain induced by the former. CONCLUSIONS Interactions between radioligands and anaesthesia must be carefully evaluated in the design of in vivo neuroimaging and interpretation of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Landau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Ove Noer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Hélène Audrain
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Doris J Doudet
- Department of Medicine/Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michael Winterdahl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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25
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Winterdahl M, Noer O, Orlowski D, Schacht AC, Jakobsen S, Alstrup AKO, Gjedde A, Landau AM. Sucrose intake lowers μ-opioid and dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in porcine brain. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16918. [PMID: 31729425 PMCID: PMC6858372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive sucrose consumption elicits addiction-like craving that may underpin the obesity epidemic. Opioids and dopamine mediate the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, and of natural rewards from stimuli such as palatable food. We investigated the effects of sucrose using PET imaging with [11C]carfentanil (μ-opioid receptor agonist) and [11C]raclopride (dopamine D2/3 receptor antagonist) in seven female anesthetized Göttingen minipigs. We then gave minipigs access to sucrose solution for one hour on 12 consecutive days and performed imaging again 24 hours after the final sucrose access. In a smaller sample of five minipigs, we performed an additional [11C]carfentanil PET session after the first sucrose exposure. We calculated voxel-wise binding potentials (BPND) using the cerebellum as a region of non-displaceable binding, analyzed differences with statistical non-parametric mapping, and performed a regional analysis. After 12 days of sucrose access, BPND of both tracers had declined significantly in striatum, nucleus accumbens, thalamus, amygdala, cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex, consistent with down-regulation of receptor densities. After a single exposure to sucrose, we found decreased binding of [11C]carfentanil in nucleus accumbens and cingulate cortex, consistent with opioid release. The lower availability of opioid and dopamine receptors may explain the addictive potential associated with intake of sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Winterdahl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ove Noer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dariusz Orlowski
- Department of Neurosurgery and CENSE, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna C Schacht
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Jakobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aage K O Alstrup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Southern Denmark & Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anne M Landau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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26
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Kang J, Zhang HK, Kadam SD, Fedorko J, Valentine H, Malla AP, Yan P, Harraz MM, Kang JU, Rahmim A, Gjedde A, Loew LM, Wong DF, Boctor EM. Transcranial Recording of Electrophysiological Neural Activity in the Rodent Brain in vivo Using Functional Photoacoustic Imaging of Near-Infrared Voltage-Sensitive Dye. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:579. [PMID: 31447622 PMCID: PMC6696882 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimally-invasive monitoring of electrophysiological neural activities in real-time-that enables quantification of neural functions without a need for invasive craniotomy and the longer time constants of fMRI and PET-presents a very challenging yet significant task for neuroimaging. In this paper, we present in vivo functional PA (fPA) imaging of chemoconvulsant rat seizure model with intact scalp using a fluorescence quenching-based cyanine voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) characterized by a lipid vesicle model mimicking different levels of membrane potential variation. The framework also involves use of a near-infrared VSD delivered through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), opened by pharmacological modulation of adenosine receptor signaling. Our normalized time-frequency analysis presented in vivo VSD response in the seizure group significantly distinguishable from those of the control groups at sub-mm spatial resolution. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recording confirmed the changes of severity and frequency of brain activities, induced by chemoconvulsant seizures of the rat brain. The findings demonstrate that the near-infrared fPA VSD imaging is a promising tool for in vivo recording of brain activities through intact scalp, which would pave a way to its future translation in real time human brain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeun Kang
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Haichong K. Zhang
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shilpa D. Kadam
- Department of Neurology, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Julie Fedorko
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Heather Valentine
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adarsha P. Malla
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ping Yan
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Maged M. Harraz
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jin U. Kang
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Arman Rahmim
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leslie M. Loew
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Dean F. Wong
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Emad M. Boctor
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
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27
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Landau AM, Alstrup AKO, Noer O, Winterdahl M, Audrain H, Møller A, Videbech P, Wegener G, Gjedde A, Doudet DJ. Electroconvulsive stimulation differentially affects [ 11C]MDL100,907 binding to cortical and subcortical 5HT 2A receptors in porcine brain. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:714-721. [PMID: 30887871 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119836212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy is an effective therapy of depression. We hypothesized that the beneficial effects are mediated partly by decreased serotonin receptor availability in the cortex. AIMS We used positron emission tomography with the serotonin 5HT2A receptor radioligand [11C]MDL100,907 to determine serotonin receptor availability in response to electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS). METHODS Seven Göttingen minipigs were deeply anaesthetized and imaged at baseline before the onset of ECS, and at 1-2 and 8-10 days after the end of a clinical course of ECS, consisting of 10 sessions over 3.5 weeks, and post-ECS values were compared to baseline. One additional minipig was anaesthetized over 10 sessions without ECS, as a control. We analysed images with the Ichise model for binding in cortex and hippocampus, followed by whole-brain analysis by statistical non-parametric mapping. RESULTS We found significantly increased binding potential of [11C]MDL100,907 in the cortex and hippocampus 1-2 days after ECS, consistent with increased serotonin receptor availability compared to baseline. By 8-10 days after the final ECS, the average tracer binding had returned towards baseline. However, we also found significantly decreased tracer binding in the subcortical regions of olfactory bulb, pons, thalamus and striatum. CONCLUSIONS With ECS, minipigs, unlike primates but like rodents, have higher availability at cortical and hippocampal 5HT2A receptors. Decreased tracer binding is consistent with reduced serotonin receptor availability as a differential effect of ECS on 5HT2A receptors in subcortical regions of minipig brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Landau
- 1 Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,2 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ove Noer
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Winterdahl
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hélène Audrain
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Arne Møller
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,3 Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Poul Videbech
- 4 Centre of Mental Health, Glostrup & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- 1 Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,5 Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Southern Denmark & Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,6 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Doris J Doudet
- 7 Department of Medicine/Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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28
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Salehpour F, Farajdokht F, Mahmoudi J, Erfani M, Farhoudi M, Karimi P, Rasta SH, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Hamblin MR, Gjedde A. Photobiomodulation and Coenzyme Q 10 Treatments Attenuate Cognitive Impairment Associated With Model of Transient Global Brain Ischemia in Artificially Aged Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:74. [PMID: 30983970 PMCID: PMC6434313 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetics, combined with neuroinflammation, play cardinal roles in the cognitive impairment during aging that is further exacerbated by transient cerebral ischemia. Both near-infrared (NIR) photobiomodulation (PBM) and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) administration are known to stimulate mitochondrial electron transport that potentially may reverse the effects of cerebral ischemia in aged animals. We tested the hypothesis that the effects of PBM and CoQ10, separately or in combination, improve cognition in a mouse model of transient cerebral ischemia superimposed on a model of aging. We modeled aging by 6-week administration of D-galactose (500 mg/kg subcutaneous) to mice. We subsequently induced transient cerebral ischemia by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery (BCCAO). We treated the mice with PBM (810 nm transcranial laser) or CoQ10 (500 mg/kg by gavage), or both, for 2 weeks after surgery. We assessed cognitive function by the Barnes and Lashley III mazes and the What-Where-Which (WWWhich) task. PBM or CoQ10, and both, improved spatial and episodic memory in the mice. Separately and together, the treatments lowered reactive oxygen species and raised ATP and general mitochondrial activity as well as biomarkers of mitochondrial biogenesis, including SIRT1, PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM. Neuroinflammatory responsiveness declined, as indicated by decreased iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels with the PBM and CoQ10 treatments. Collectively, the findings of this preclinical study imply that the procognitive effects of NIR PBM and CoQ10 treatments, separately or in combination, are beneficial in a model of transient global brain ischemia superimposed on a model of aging in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Salehpour
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,ProNeuroLIGHT LLC, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marjan Erfani
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Higher Educational Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Bioengineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Departments of Clinical Research and Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Majdi A, Kamari F, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Gjedde A. Molecular Insights Into Memory-Enhancing Metabolites of Nicotine in Brain: A Systematic Review. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1002. [PMID: 30697142 PMCID: PMC6341027 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The alleged procognitive effects of nicotine and its metabolites in brain are controversial. Objective: Here, we review the pharmacologically active metabolites of nicotine in brain and their effects on neuronal mechanisms involving two main cognitive domains, i.e., learning and memory. Methods: We searched Embase, Medline via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for entries no later than May 2018, and restricted the search to articles about nicotine metabolites and cognitive behavior or cognitive mechanisms. Results: The initial search yielded 425 articles, of which 17 were eligible for inclusion after application of exclusion criteria. Of these, 13 were experimental, two were clinical, and two were conference papers. Conclusions: The results revealed three pharmacologically active biotransformations of nicotine in the brain, including cotinine, norcotinine, and nornicotine, among which cotinine and nornicotine both had a procognitive impact without adverse effects. The observed effect was significant only for cotinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzin Kamari
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Segtnan EA, Majdi A, Constantinescu C, Grupe P, Gerke O, Dali HÍ, Strøm OE, Holm J, Alavi A, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Wermuth L, Hildebrandt MG, Gjedde A, Høilund-Carlsen PF. Diagnostic manifestations of total hemispheric glucose metabolism ratio in neuronal network diaschisis: diagnostic implications in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:1164-1174. [PMID: 30637500 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We tested the hypothesis that lateralized hemispheric glucose metabolism may have diagnostic implications in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS We performed FDG-PET/CT in 23 patients (mean age 63.7 years, range 50-78, 17 females) diagnosed with AD (n = 15) or MCI (n = 8) during a six-month period in 2014. Ten neurologically healthy individuals (HIs) (mean age 62.5 years, range 43-75, 5 females) served as controls. A neuroimaging expert provided visual assessment of diaschisis. The total hemispheric glucose metabolism ratio (THGr) was calculated, and with area-under the curve of receiver operating characteristics (AUC-ROC) we generated a "Network Diaschisis Test (NDT)". RESULTS The qualitative detection of cerebral (Ce) and cerebellar (Cb) diaschisis was 7/15 (47%), 0/8 (0%), and 0/10 (0%) in AD, MCI, and HI groups, respectively. Median cerebral THGr was 0.68 (range 0.43-0.99), 0.86 (range 0.64-0.98), and 0.95 (range 0.65-1.00) for AD, MCI, and HI groups, respectively (p = 0.04). Median cerebellar THGr was, respectively, 0.70 (range 0.18-0.98), 0.70 (range 0.48-0.81), and 0.84 (range 0.75-0.96) (p = 0.0138). A positive NDT yielded a positive predictive value of 100% for the presence of AD or MCI and a 86% negative predictive value for healthy brain. Moreover, the diagnostic manifestation of THGr between MCI and AD led to a positive predictive value of 100% for AD, but a negative predictive value of 42.9% for MCI. CONCLUSION Patients with AD or MCI had more pronounced diaschisis, lateralized hemispheric glucose metabolism and lower THGr compared to healthy controls. The NDT distinguished AD and MCI patients from HIs, and AD from MCI patients with a high positive predictive value and moderate and low negative predictive values. THGr can be a straightforward source of investigating neuronal network diaschisis in AD and MCI and in other cerebral diseases, across institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind A Segtnan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Caius Constantinescu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Grupe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Oke Gerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Heini Í Dali
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Olaf Emil Strøm
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jorun Holm
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abass Alavi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Lene Wermuth
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Dementia Clinic, Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Malene G Hildebrandt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Flemming Høilund-Carlsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Andalib S, Talebi M, Sakhinia E, Farhoudi M, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Masoudian N, Michel TM, Vafaee MS, Gjedde A. Mitochondrial DNA G15927A and G15928A variations in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 27:9-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Madsen SS, Gjedde A, Brandt L, Pihl-Thingvad J, Videbech P, Gerke O, Højlund-Carlsen PF. Neurobiological effects of work-related stress: protocol for a case-control neuroimaging study. Dan Med J 2018; 65:A5513. [PMID: 30382017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stress is one of the greatest burdens of our society and often implies impairments in cognitive and emotional functions. Here, we hypothesise that changes in the brain's dopamine (DA)-based mesocorticolimbic projec-tions in patients with work-related stress (adjustment disorder) will manifest themselves as altered glucose metabolism in relation to neural activity, and as altered DA radiotracer binding potentials at the relevant receptors. METHODS Subjects and healthy controls undergo neuropsychiatric tests and PET/MRI with three tracers: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose to measure glucose metabolism as a marker of neural activity, 11C-raclopride to explore binding potentials in the striatum, and 11C-FLB 457 to study possibly impaired mesocortical dopaminergic transmission in the cortex. To demonstrate differences of glucose metabolism, more than 2 × 41 patients/controls are needed. We expect to find that symptoms of cognitive and motivational reward deficits are attributable to changes in the frontal lobe and striatal glucose metabolism in the majority of patients, and that changes of D2-receptor availability and impaired dopaminergic transmission in the striatum and prefrontal cortex are contributing factors. CONCLUSIONS This project is designed to generate entirely new and objective evidence of stress-induced cerebral illness, and to provide a basis for in-depth research and for a more rational management of this strenuous disorder. FUNDING Private, industrial and public funds. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrails.gov/NCT03334045.
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Benveniste H, Dienel G, Jacob Z, Lee H, Makaryus R, Gjedde A, Hyder F, Rothman DL. Trajectories of Brain Lactate and Re-visited Oxygen-Glucose Index Calculations Do Not Support Elevated Non-oxidative Metabolism of Glucose Across Childhood. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:631. [PMID: 30254563 PMCID: PMC6141825 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain growth across childhood is a dynamic process associated with specific energy requirements. A disproportionately higher rate of glucose utilization (CMRglucose) compared with oxygen consumption (CMRO2) was documented in children's brain and suggestive of non-oxidative metabolism of glucose. Several candidate metabolic pathways may explain the CMRglucose-CMRO2 mismatch, and lactate production is considered a major contender. The ~33% excess CMRglucose equals 0.18 μmol glucose/g/min and predicts lactate release of 0.36 μmol/g/min. To validate such scenario, we measured the brain lactate concentration ([Lac]) in 65 children to determine if indeed lactate accumulates and is high enough to (1) account for the glucose consumed in excess of oxygen and (2) support a high rate of lactate efflux from the young brain. Across childhood, brain [Lac] was lower than predicted, and below the range for adult brain. In addition, we re-calculated the CMRglucose-CMRO2 mismatch itself by using updated lumped constant values. The calculated cerebral metabolic rate of lactate indicated a net influx of 0.04 μmol/g/min, or in terms of CMRglucose, of 0.02 μmol glucose/g/min. Accumulation of [Lac] and calculated efflux of lactate from brain are not consistent with the increase in non-oxidative metabolism of glucose. In addition, the value for the lumped constant for [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose has a high impact on calculated CMRglucose and use of updated values alters or eliminates the CMRglucose-CMRO2 mismatch in developing brain. We conclude that the presently-accepted notion of non-oxidative metabolism of glucose during childhood must be revisited and deserves further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gerald Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Zvi Jacob
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Hedok Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Rany Makaryus
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Translational Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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Majdi A, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Talebi M, Farajdokht F, Erfani M, Mahmoudi J, Gjedde A. Nicotine Modulates Cognitive Function in D-Galactose-Induced Senescence in Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:194. [PMID: 30061821 PMCID: PMC6055060 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we tested the claim that nicotine attenuates the signs of brain dysfunction in the model of brain aging induced by D-galactose (DGal) in mice. We administered nicotine at doses of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg by the subcutaneous (s.c.) or at 0.1 mg/kg by the intranasal (i.n.) routes in mice that had received DGal at the dose of 500 mg/kg subcutaneous (s.c.) for 6 weeks. We assessed animal withdrawal signs as the number of presented somatic signs, thermal hyperalgesia, elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field tests. We evaluated spatial memory and recognition with Barnes maze and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. We tested brain tissue for reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome C, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor levels. Nicotine administration in model groups (0.5 mg/kg s.c. and 0.1 mg/kg i.n. doses) significantly attenuated impairment of spatial and episodic memories in comparison to normal saline-received model group. These doses also reduced mito-oxidative damage as well as apoptosis and raised neurotrophic factors level in model groups in comparison to normal saline-received model group. The 1 mg/kg s.c. dose nicotine revealed withdrawal signs compared with the other nicotine-received groups. Nicotine at specific doses and routes has the potential to attenuate age-related cognitive impairment, mito-oxidative damage, and apoptosis. The doses raise neurotrophic factors without producing withdrawal signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Talebi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marjan Erfani
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Departments of Clinical Research and Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Landau AM, Alstrup AK, Audrain H, Jakobsen S, Simonsen M, Møller A, Videbech P, Wegener G, Gjedde A, Doudet DJ. Elevated dopamine D1 receptor availability in striatum of Göttingen minipigs after electroconvulsive therapy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:881-887. [PMID: 28509598 PMCID: PMC5987930 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17705260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a direct form of brain stimulation, is an effective antidepressant. We hypothesized that the beneficial effects of ECT are mediated by increased dopaminergic neurotransmission, in which the baseline activity of D1 receptors may predict the response to ECT. We established a novel model of brain stimulation in Göttingen minipigs based on the protocol of ECT applied in humans. With positron emission tomography (PET), we determined a measure of dopaminergic neurotransmission with the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist [11C]SCH23390. Seven minipigs were anesthetized and completed PET at baseline, prior to the onset of ECT treatment, and at 24-48 h and 8-10 days after the end of a clinical course of ECT, consisting of 10 ECT sessions over a 3.5-week period. In all pigs, the binding of [11C]SCH23390 to striatal D1 receptors had increased by 24-48 h after ECT, and in most, binding returned towards baseline at 8-10 days. Increased binding was observed in inverse proportion to baseline binding rates. Increased binding to dopamine D1 receptors suggests facilitation of dopaminergic neurotransmission, which may contribute to the therapeutic effects of ECT. Importantly, the baseline binding capacity of D1 receptors predicts the magnitude of increased binding, up to a maximum binding capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Landau
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.,2 Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.,3 Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Aage Ko Alstrup
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Helene Audrain
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steen Jakobsen
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mette Simonsen
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Arne Møller
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.,3 Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Poul Videbech
- 4 Centre of Mental Health, Glostrup & University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- 2 Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.,5 Center for Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,6 Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Southern Denmark & Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Doris J Doudet
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.,7 Department of Medicine/Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul F. Høilund-Carlsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jorge R. Barrio
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas J. Werner
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Wong DF, Kuwabara H, Horti AG, Roberts JM, Nandi A, Cascella N, Brasic J, Weerts EM, Kitzmiller K, Phan JA, Gapasin L, Sawa A, Valentine H, Wand G, Mishra C, George N, McDonald M, Lesniak W, Holt DP, Azad BB, Dannals RF, Kem W, Freedman R, Gjedde A. Brain PET Imaging of α7-nAChR with [18F]ASEM: Reproducibility, Occupancy, Receptor Density, and Changes in Schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21. [PMID: 29522184 PMCID: PMC6030963 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor increasingly has been implicated in normal brain physiology, as well as in neuropsychiatric disorders. The highly cortical distribution of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor suggests a role in cognition. METHODS We expanded the first-in-human PET imaging of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with [18F]ASEM from 5 to 21 healthy nonsmoking volunteers and added a feasibility study in 6 male patients with schizophrenia. Study aims included: (1) confirmation of test-retest reproducibility of [18F]ASEM binding, (2) demonstration of specificity by competition with DMXB-A, an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, (3) estimation of [18F]ASEM binding potentials and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor density in vivo in humans, and (4) demonstrating the feasibility of studying α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor as a target for schizophrenia. RESULTS Test-retest PET confirmed reproducibility (>90%) (variability ≤7%) of [18F]ASEM volume of distribution (VT) estimates in healthy volunteers. Repeated sessions of PET in 5 healthy subjects included baseline and effect of inhibition after oral administration of 150 mg DMXB-A. From reduction of binding potentials, we estimated the dose-dependent occupancy of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by DMXB-A at 17% to 49% for plasma concentrations at 60 to 200 nM DMXB-A. In agreement with evidence postmortem, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor density averaged 0.67 to 0.82 nM and inhibitor affinity constant averaged 170 to 385 nM. Median VT in a feasibility study of 6 patients with schizophrenia was lower than in healthy volunteers in cingulate cortex, frontal cortex, and hippocampus (P = 0.02, corrected for multiple comparions, Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSIONS The current results confirm the reproducibility of [18F]ASEM VT estimates and the specificity of the tracer for α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Preliminary findings from our feasibility study of [18F]ASEM binding in patients with schizophrenia are suggestive and provide guidance for future studies with more subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean F Wong
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland,Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Neurology, Baltimore, Maryland,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Correspondence: Dean F. Wong, MD, PhD, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, JHOC Room 3244, Baltimore, MD ()
| | - Hiroto Kuwabara
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew G Horti
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joshua M Roberts
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ayon Nandi
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicola Cascella
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland,Sheppard-Pratt Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James Brasic
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elise M Weerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kelly Kitzmiller
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jenny A Phan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lorena Gapasin
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Heather Valentine
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gary Wand
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chakradhar Mishra
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Noble George
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael McDonald
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wojtek Lesniak
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel P Holt
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Babak B Azad
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert F Dannals
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William Kem
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Robert Freedman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Gejl M, Gjedde A, Brock B, Møller A, van Duinkerken E, Haahr HL, Hansen CT, Chu PL, Stender-Petersen KL, Rungby J. Effects of hypoglycaemia on working memory and regional cerebral blood flow in type 1 diabetes: a randomised, crossover trial. Diabetologia 2018; 61:551-561. [PMID: 29188338 PMCID: PMC6448973 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this randomised, crossover trial was to compare cognitive functioning and associated brain activation patterns during hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose [PG] just below 3.1 mmol/l) and euglycaemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS In this patient-blinded, crossover study, 26 participants with type 1 diabetes mellitus attended two randomised experimental visits: one hypoglycaemic clamp (PG 2.8 ± 0.2 mmol/l, approximate duration 55 min) and one euglycaemic clamp (PG 5.5 mmol/l ± 10%). PG levels were maintained by hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamping. Cognitive functioning was assessed during hypoglycaemia and euglycaemia conditions using a modified version of the digit symbol substitution test (mDSST) and control DSST (cDSST). Simultaneously, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in pre-specified brain regions by six H215O-positron emission tomographies (PET) per session. RESULTS Working memory was impaired during hypoglycaemia as indicated by a statistically significantly lower mDSST score (estimated treatment difference [ETD] -0.63 [95% CI -1.13, -0.14], p = 0.014) and a statistically significantly longer response time (ETD 2.86 s [7%] [95% CI 0.67, 5.05], p = 0.013) compared with euglycaemia. During hypoglycaemia, mDSST task performance was associated with increased activity in the frontal lobe regions, superior parietal lobe and thalamus, and decreased activity in the temporal lobe regions (p < 0.05). Working memory activation (mDSST - cDSST) statistically significantly increased blood flow in the striatum during hypoglycaemia (ETD 0.0374% [95% CI 0.0157, 0.0590], p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION During hypoglycaemia (mean PG 2.9 mmol/l), working memory performance was impaired. Altered performance was associated with significantly increased blood flow in the striatum, a part of the basal ganglia implicated in regulating motor functions, memory, language and emotion. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01789593, clinicaltrials.gov FUNDING: This study was funded by Novo Nordisk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gejl
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 6, Building 1242, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Brock
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Arne Møller
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 6, Building 1242, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- PET-Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eelco van Duinkerken
- VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jørgen Rungby
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 6, Building 1242, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology IC, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nilsson M, Gjedde A, Brock B, Gejl M, Rungby J. The effects of incretin hormones on cerebral glucose metabolism in health and disease. Neuropharmacology 2017; 136:243-250. [PMID: 29274367 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Incretin hormones, notably glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), are gluco-regulatory hormones with pleiotropic effects also in the central nervous system. Apart from a local production of GLP-1, systemic administration of the hormone has been shown to influence a number of cerebral pathologies, including neuroinflammation. Given the brains massive dependence on glucose as its major fuel, we here review the mechanistics of cerebral glucose transport and metabolism, focusing on the deleterious effects of both hypo- and hyperglycaemia. GLP-1, when administered as long-acting analogues or intravenously, appears to decrease transport of glucose in normoglycaemic conditions, without affecting the total cerebral glucose content. During hypoglycaemia this effect seems abated, whereas during hyperglycaemia GLP-1 regulates cerebral glucose metabolism towards stable levels resembling normoglycaemia. In Alzheimer's disease, a 6-month intervention with GLP-1 maintained cerebral glucose levels at baseline levels, contrasting the decline otherwise seen in Alzheimer's. Kinetic studies suggest blood-brain barrier (BBB) glucose transport as the key player in GLP-1 mediated effects on cerebral glucose metabolism. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Metabolic Impairment as Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Disorders.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Nilsson
- Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Departments of Clinical Research, and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Michael Gejl
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Rungby
- Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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40
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Andalib S, Talebi M, Sakhinia E, Farhoudi M, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Masoudian N, Vafaee MS, Gjedde A. No evidence of association between optic neuritis and secondary LHON mtDNA mutations in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mitochondrion 2017; 36:182-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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41
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Nahimi A, Sommerauer M, Kinnerup MB, Østergaard K, Wintherdahl M, Jacobsen J, Schacht A, Johnsen B, Damholdt MF, Borghammer P, Gjedde A. Noradrenergic Deficits in Parkinson Disease Imaged with 11C-MeNER. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:659-664. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.190975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Phan JA, Stokholm K, Zareba-Paslawska J, Jakobsen S, Vang K, Gjedde A, Landau AM, Romero-Ramos M. Early synaptic dysfunction induced by α-synuclein in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6363. [PMID: 28743955 PMCID: PMC5526979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that synapses are affected first in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we tested the claim that pathological accumulation of α-synuclein, and subsequent synaptic disruption, occur in absence of dopaminergic neuron loss in PD. We determined early synaptic changes in rats that overexpress human α-synuclein by local injection of viral-vectors in midbrain. We aimed to achieve α-synuclein levels sufficient to induce terminal pathology without significant loss of nigral neurons. We tested synaptic disruption in vivo by analyzing motor defects and binding of a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand to the vesicular monoamine transporter 2, (VMAT2), [11C]dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ). Animals overexpressing α-synuclein had progressive motor impairment and, 12 weeks post-surgery, showed asymmetric in vivo striatal DTBZ binding. The PET images matched ligand binding in post-mortem tissue, and histological markers of dopaminergic integrity. Histology confirmed the absence of nigral cell death with concomitant significant loss of striatal terminals. Progressive aggregation of proteinase-K resistant and Ser129-phosphorylated α-synuclein was observed in dopaminergic terminals, in dystrophic swellings that resembled axonal spheroids and contained mitochondria and vesicular proteins. In conclusion, pathological α-synuclein in nigro-striatal axonal terminals leads to early axonal pathology, synaptic disruption, dysfunction of dopaminergic neurotransmission, motor impairment, and measurable change of VMAT2 in the absence of cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny-Ann Phan
- Department of Biomedicine, NEURODIN AU IDEAS Center, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, bldg. 1242, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, bldg. 10G, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Stokholm
- Department of Biomedicine, NEURODIN AU IDEAS Center, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, bldg. 1242, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, bldg. 10G, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Justyna Zareba-Paslawska
- Department of Biomedicine, NEURODIN AU IDEAS Center, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, bldg. 1242, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Steen Jakobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, bldg. 10G, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Kim Vang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, bldg. 10G, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.,Center of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Dept of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne M Landau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University and Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, bldg. 10G, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark. .,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 2, Risskov, 8240, Denmark.
| | - Marina Romero-Ramos
- Department of Biomedicine, NEURODIN AU IDEAS Center, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, bldg. 1242, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
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43
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Aanerud J, Borghammer P, Rodell A, Jónsdottir KY, Gjedde A. Sex differences of human cortical blood flow and energy metabolism. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2433-2440. [PMID: 27629099 PMCID: PMC5531342 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16668536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain energy metabolism is held to reflect energy demanding processes in neuropil related to the density and activity of synapses. There is recent evidence that men have higher density of synapses in temporal cortex than women. One consequence of these differences would be different rates of cortical energy turnover and blood flow in men and women. To test the hypotheses that rates of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) and cerebral blood flow are higher in men than in women in regions of cerebral cortex, and that the differences persist with aging, we used positron emission tomography to determine cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen as functions of age in healthy volunteers of both sexes. Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen did not change with age for either sex and there were no differences of mean values of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen between men and women in cerebral cortex. Women had significant decreases of cerebral blood flow as function of age in frontal and parietal lobes. Young women had significantly higher cerebral blood flow than men in frontal and temporal lobes, but these differences had disappeared at age 65. The absent sex difference of cerebral energy turnover suggests that the known differences of synaptic density between the sexes are counteracted by opposite differences of individual synaptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Aanerud
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospitals, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospitals, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Rodell
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Albert Gjedde
- Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Dall AM, Danielsen EH, Sørensen JC, Andersen F, Møller A, Zimmer J, Gjedde AH, Cumming P, Zimmer J, Brevig T, Dall AM, Meyer M, Pedersen EB, Gjedde A, Danielsen EH, Cumming P, Andersen F, Bender D, Falborg L, Gee A, Gillings NM, Hansen SB, Hermansen F, Jørgensen HA, Munk O, Poulsen PH, Rodell AB, Sakoh M, Simonsen CZ, Smith DF, Sørensen JC, Østergård L, Moller A, Johansen TE. Quantitative [18F]Fluorodopa/PET and Histology of Fetal Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Grafts to the Striatum of MPTP-Poisoned Minipigs. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000002783985314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional restoration of the dopamine innervation of striatum in MPTP-poisoned Göttingen minipigs was assessed for 6 months following grafting of fetal pig mesencephalic neurons. Pigs were assigned to a normal control group and a MPTP-poisoned group, members of which received no further treatment, or which received bilateral grafts to the striatum of tissue blocks harvested from E28 fetal pig mesencephalon with and without immunosuppressive treatment after grafting, or with additional co-grafting with immortalized rat neural cells transfected to produce GDNF. In the baseline condition, and again at 3 and 6 months postsurgery, all animals were subjected to quantitative [18F]fluorodopa PET scans and testing for motor impairment. At the end of 6 months, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-containing neurons were counted in the grafts by stereological methods. The MPTP poisoning persistently reduced the magnitude of k3D, the relative activity of DOPA decarboxylase in striatum, by 60%. Grafting restored the rate of [18F]fluorodopa decarboxylation to the normal range, and normalized the scores in motor function. The biochemical and functional recovery was associated with survival of approximately 100,000 TH-positive graft neurons in each hemisphere. Immunosuppression did not impart a greater recovery of [18F]fluorodopa uptake, nor were the number of TH-positive graft neurons or the volumes of the grafts increased in the immunosuppressed group. Contrary to expectation, co-grafting of transfected GDNF-expressing HiB5 cells, a rat-derived neural cell line, tended to impair the survival of the grafts with the lowest values for graft volumes, TH-positive cell numbers, behavioral scores, and relative DOPA decarboxylase activity. From the results we conclude that pig ventral mesencephalic allografts can restore functional dopamine innervation in adult MPTP-lesioned minipigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Møller Dall
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Jens Zimmer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Albert H. Gjedde
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul Cumming
- PET Centre, Aarhus General Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J. Zimmer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, SDU Odense University
| | - T. Brevig
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, SDU Odense University
| | - A. M. Dall
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, SDU Odense University
| | - M. Meyer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, SDU Odense University
| | - E. B. Pedersen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, SDU Odense University
| | - A. Gjedde
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - E. H. Danielsen
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - P. Cumming
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - F. Andersen
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - D. Bender
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - L. Falborg
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - A. Gee
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - N. M. Gillings
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - S. B. Hansen
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - F. Hermansen
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - H. A. Jørgensen
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - O. Munk
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - P. H. Poulsen
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - A. B. Rodell
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - M. Sakoh
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - C. Z. Simonsen
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - D. F. Smith
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - J. C. Sørensen
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - L. Østergård
- PET-Center and Departments of Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Biological Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital
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Andalib S, Talebi M, Sakhinia E, Farhoudi M, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Emamhadi M, Masoodian N, Balaghi-Inalou M, Vafaee M, Gjedde A. Mitochondrial DNA G13708A variation and multiple sclerosis: Is there an association? Rev Neurol (Paris) 2017; 173:164-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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46
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Rodell AB, O'Keefe G, Rowe CC, Villemagne VL, Gjedde A. Cerebral Blood Flow and Aβ-Amyloid Estimates by WARM Analysis of [ 11C]PiB Uptake Distinguish among and between Neurodegenerative Disorders and Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 8:321. [PMID: 28123366 PMCID: PMC5225115 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We report results of the novel Washout Allometric Reference Method (WARM) that uses estimates of cerebral blood flow and amyloid load from the same [11C]Pittsburgh Compound B ([11C]PiB) retention maps in brain to distinguish between patients with different forms dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, and healthy volunteers. The method introduces two approaches to the identification of brain pathology related to amyloid accumulation, (1) a novel analysis of amyloid binding based on the late washout of the tracer from brain tissue, and (2) the simultaneous estimation of absolute cerebral blood flow indices (sCBF) from the early accumulation of the tracer in brain tissue. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that a change of cerebral blood flow is correlated with the degree of tracer [11C]PiB retention, reflecting dendritic spine pathology and consequent inhibition of brain energy metabolism and reduction of blood flow by neurovascular coupling in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Methods: Previously reported images of [11C]PiB retention in brain of 29 subjects with cognitive impairment or dementia [16 Alzheimer's Disease (AD), eight subjects with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), five patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), five patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 29 age-matched healthy control subjects (HC)], underwent analysis of PiB delivery and retention by means of WARM for quantitation of [11C]PiB's binding potentials (BPND) and correlated surrogate cerebral blood flow (sCBF) estimates, based on the [11C]PiB images, compared to estimates by conventional Standard Uptake Value Ratio (SUVR) of [11C]PiB retention with cerebellum gray matter as reference. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) revealed the power of discrimination among estimates. Results: For AD, the discriminatory power of [11C]PiB binding potential (BPND) by WARM exceeded the power of SUVR that in turn exceeded the power of sCBF estimates. Differences of [11C]PiB binding and sCBF measures between AD and HC both were highly significant (p < 0.001). For all the dementia groups as a whole, sCBF estimates revealed the greatest discrimination between the patient and HC groups. WARM resolves a major issue of amyloid load quantification with [11C]PiB in human brain by determining absolute sCBF and amyloid load measures from the same images. The two parameter approach provides key discriminary information in AD for which [11C]PiB traditionally is used, as well as for the distinct flow deficits in FTLD, and the marked parietal and occipital lobe flow deficits in DLB. Conclusion: We conclude that WARM yields estimates of two important variables that together discriminate among patients with dementia, including AD, and healthy volunteers, with ROC that are superior to conventional methods of analysis. The distinction between estimates of flow and amyloid load from the same dynamic emission tomograms provides valuable pathogenetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders B Rodell
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, BrisbaneQLD, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Centre, Aarhus University HospitalAarhus, Denmark
| | - Graeme O'Keefe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg VIC, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg VIC, Australia
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, MontréalQC, Canada; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, BaltimoreMD, USA; Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Medicine - Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Southern DenmarkOdense, Denmark
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47
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Segtnan EA, Grupe P, Jarden JO, Gerke O, Ivanidze J, Christlieb SB, Constantinescu C, Pedersen JE, Houshmand S, Hess S, Zarei M, Gjedde A, Alavi A, Høilund-Carlsen PF. Prognostic Implications of Total Hemispheric Glucose Metabolism Ratio in Cerebrocerebellar Diaschisis. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:768-773. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.180398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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48
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Lauritzen KH, Hasan-Olive MM, Regnell CE, Kleppa L, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Gjedde A, Klungland A, Bohr VA, Storm-Mathisen J, Bergersen LH. A ketogenic diet accelerates neurodegeneration in mice with induced mitochondrial DNA toxicity in the forebrain. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 48:34-47. [PMID: 27639119 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial genome maintenance plays a central role in preserving brain health. We previously demonstrated accumulation of mitochondrial DNA damage and severe neurodegeneration in transgenic mice inducibly expressing a mutated mitochondrial DNA repair enzyme (mutUNG1) selectively in forebrain neurons. Here, we examine whether severe neurodegeneration in mutUNG1-expressing mice could be rescued by feeding the mice a ketogenic diet, which is known to have beneficial effects in several neurological disorders. The diet increased the levels of superoxide dismutase 2, and mitochondrial mass, enzymes, and regulators such as SIRT1 and FIS1, and appeared to downregulate N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor subunits NR2A/B and upregulate γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor subunits α1. However, unexpectedly, the ketogenic diet aggravated neurodegeneration and mitochondrial deterioration. Electron microscopy showed structurally impaired mitochondria accumulating in neuronal perikarya. We propose that aggravation is caused by increased mitochondrial biogenesis of generally dysfunctional mitochondria. This study thereby questions the dogma that a ketogenic diet is unambiguously beneficial in mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut H Lauritzen
- Synaptic Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Anatomy and CMBN/SERTA Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Md Mahdi Hasan-Olive
- Synaptic Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Anatomy and CMBN/SERTA Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine E Regnell
- Synaptic Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Anatomy and CMBN/SERTA Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Center for Healthy Aging and Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liv Kleppa
- Synaptic Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Anatomy and CMBN/SERTA Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Center for Healthy Aging and Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Klungland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jon Storm-Mathisen
- Synaptic Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Anatomy and CMBN/SERTA Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda H Bergersen
- Synaptic Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Anatomy and CMBN/SERTA Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Center for Healthy Aging and Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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49
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Stender J, Mortensen KN, Thibaut A, Darkner S, Laureys S, Gjedde A, Kupers R. The Minimal Energetic Requirement of Sustained Awareness after Brain Injury. Curr Biol 2016; 26:1494-9. [PMID: 27238279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of the minimally conscious state (MCS) and the unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) is a persistent clinical challenge [1]. Based on positron emission tomography (PET) studies with [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) during sleep and anesthesia, the global cerebral metabolic rate of glucose has been proposed as an indicator of consciousness [2, 3]. Likewise, FDG-PET may contribute to the clinical diagnosis of disorders of consciousness (DOCs) [4, 5]. However, current methods are non-quantitative and have important drawbacks deriving from visually guided assessment of relative changes in brain metabolism [4]. We here used FDG-PET to measure resting state brain glucose metabolism in 131 DOC patients to identify objective quantitative metabolic indicators and predictors of awareness. Quantitation of images was performed by normalizing to extracerebral tissue. We show that 42% of normal cortical activity represents the minimal energetic requirement for the presence of conscious awareness. Overall, the cerebral metabolic rate accounted for the current level, or imminent return, of awareness in 94% of the patient population, suggesting a global energetic threshold effect, associated with the reemergence of consciousness after brain injury. Our data further revealed that regional variations relative to the global resting metabolic level reflect preservation of specific cognitive or sensory modules, such as vision and language comprehension. These findings provide a simple and objective metabolic marker of consciousness, which can readily be implemented clinically. The direct correlation between brain metabolism and behavior further suggests that DOCs can fundamentally be understood as pathological neuroenergetic conditions and provide a unifying physiological basis for these syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Stender
- BRAINlab, Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 10, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cyclotron Research Center and Department of Neurology, CHU Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Avenue de l'hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Kristian Nygaard Mortensen
- BRAINlab, Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 10, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aurore Thibaut
- Cyclotron Research Center and Department of Neurology, CHU Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Avenue de l'hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sune Darkner
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven Laureys
- Cyclotron Research Center and Department of Neurology, CHU Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Avenue de l'hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Albert Gjedde
- BRAINlab, Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 10, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ron Kupers
- BRAINlab, Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 10, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Gejl M, Gjedde A, Egefjord L, Møller A, Hansen SB, Vang K, Rodell A, Brændgaard H, Gottrup H, Schacht A, Møller N, Brock B, Rungby J. In Alzheimer's Disease, 6-Month Treatment with GLP-1 Analog Prevents Decline of Brain Glucose Metabolism: Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:108. [PMID: 27252647 PMCID: PMC4877513 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal models, the incretin hormone GLP-1 affects Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We hypothesized that treatment with GLP-1 or an analog of GLP-1 would prevent accumulation of Aβ and raise, or prevent decline of, glucose metabolism (CMRglc) in AD. In this 26-week trial, we randomized 38 patients with AD to treatment with the GLP-1 analog liraglutide (n = 18), or placebo (n = 20). We measured Aβ load in brain with tracer [11C]PIB (PIB), CMRglc with [18F]FDG (FDG), and cognition with the WMS-IV scale (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01469351). The PIB binding increased significantly in temporal lobe in placebo and treatment patients (both P = 0.04), and in occipital lobe in treatment patients (P = 0.04). Regional and global increases of PIB retention did not differ between the groups (P ≥ 0.38). In placebo treated patients CMRglc declined in all regions, significantly so by the following means in precuneus (P = 0.009, 3.2 μmol/hg/min, 95% CI: 5.45; 0.92), and in parietal (P = 0.04, 2.1 μmol/hg/min, 95% CI: 4.21; 0.081), temporal (P = 0.046, 1.54 μmol/hg/min, 95% CI: 3.05; 0.030), and occipital (P = 0.009, 2.10 μmol/hg/min, 95% CI: 3.61; 0.59) lobes, and in cerebellum (P = 0.04, 1.54 μmol/hg/min, 95% CI: 3.01; 0.064). In contrast, the GLP-1 analog treatment caused a numerical but insignificant increase of CMRglc after 6 months. Cognitive scores did not change. We conclude that the GLP-1 analog treatment prevented the decline of CMRglc that signifies cognitive impairment, synaptic dysfunction, and disease evolution. We draw no firm conclusions from the Aβ load or cognition measures, for which the study was underpowered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gejl
- Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University HospitalAarhus, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University HospitalAarhus, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lærke Egefjord
- Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University HospitalAarhus, Denmark
| | - Arne Møller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren B Hansen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Vang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Rodell
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Brændgaard
- Dementia Clinic, Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hanne Gottrup
- Dementia Clinic, Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna Schacht
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Brock
- Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University HospitalAarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Rungby
- Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark; Center for Diabetes Research and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte and RigshospitaletCopenhagen, Denmark
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