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Spadera L, Lugarà M, Spadera M, Conticelli M, Oliva G, Bassi V, Apuzzi V, Calderaro F, Fattoruso O, Guzzi P, D'Amora M, Catapano O, Marra R, Galdo M, Zappalà M, Inui T, Mette M, Vitiello G, Corvino M, Tortoriello G. Adjunctive use of oral MAF is associated with no disease progression or mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: The single-arm COral-MAF1 prospective trial. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115894. [PMID: 37988850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on a growing body of evidence that a dysregulated innate immune response mediated by monocytes/macrophages plays a key role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, a clinical trial was conducted to investigate the therapeutic potential and safety of oral macrophage activating factor (MAF) plus standard of care (SoC) in the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Ninety-seven hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia were treated with oral MAF and a vitamin D3 supplement, in combination with SoC, in a single-arm, open label, multicentre, phase II clinical trial. The primary outcome measure was a reduction in an intensive care unit transfer rate below 13% after MAF administration. At the end of the study, an additional propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to compare the MAF group with a control group treated with SoC alone. Out of 97 patients treated with MAF, none needed care in the ICU and/or intubation with mechanical ventilation or died during hospitalization. Oxygen therapy was discontinued after a median of nine days of MAF treatment. The median length of viral shedding and hospital stay was 14 days and 18 days, respectively. After PSM, statistically significant differences were found in all of the in-hospital outcomes between the two groups. No mild to serious adverse events were recorded during the study. Notwithstanding the limitations of a single-arm study, which prevented definitive conclusions, a 21-day course of MAF treatment plus SoC was found to be safe and promising in the treatment of hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Further research will be needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Spadera
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale del Mare hospital, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marina Lugarà
- Department of General Medicine, Ospedale del Mare hospital, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Spadera
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Giovanni Bosco hospital, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano Conticelli
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Ospedale del Mare Hospital, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Oliva
- Department of General Medicine, Ospedale del Mare hospital, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bassi
- Department of General Medicine, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Apuzzi
- Department of General Medicine, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Calderaro
- Department of General Medicine, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | - Olimpia Fattoruso
- Department of Clinical Pathology, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Guzzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Amora
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Pathology, San Paolo Hospital, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | - Oriana Catapano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Pathology, San Paolo Hospital, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Marra
- Department of Pharmacy, Ospedale del Mare Hospital, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Galdo
- Department of Pharmacy, AORN Ospedali dei Colli Monaldi - Cotugno - C.T.O. Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Zappalà
- Department of Medicine, Vesuvio Clinic, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | - Toshio Inui
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan; Saisei Mirai Keihan Clinic, Osaka, Japan; Saisei Mirai Kobe Clinic, Kobe, Japan
| | - Martin Mette
- Saisei Mirai Keihan Clinic, Osaka, Japan; Saisei Mirai Kobe Clinic, Kobe, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Vitiello
- Department of Health Management, Ospedale del Mare hospital, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Corvino
- Department of Health Management, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tortoriello
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, AORN Ospedali dei Colli Monaldi - Cotugno - C.T.O. Hospital, Naples, Italy
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Inui T, Amitani H, Kubo K, Kuchiike D, Uto Y, Nishikata T, Mette M. Case Report: A Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patient Treated with GcMAF, Sonodynamic Therapy and Tumor Treating Fields. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:3767-3770. [PMID: 27354652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Macrophage activating factor (MAF)-based immunotherapy has a wide application for use in treating many diseases via macrophage activation. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) using low-intensity ultrasound and tumor treating field (TTF) therapy are novel therapeutic modalities. SDT is usually combined with ozone therapy to improve local hypoxia within the tumor environment. CASE REPORT We treated a 77-year-old male diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer ((NSCLC) stage 3B) using second-generation serum GcMAF and oral colostrum MAF-based immunotherapy combined with SDT, TTF and ozone therapies. RESULTS This case report demonstrates that GcMAF, oral colostrum MAF, SDT, TTF and ozone therapy can be used for NSCLC without adverse effects. CONCLUSION This case report suggests a new concept of cancer treatment using local destruction of cancer tissue, in this case conducted with SDT and TTF therapy, to be used in combination with serum GcMAF and colostrum MAF immunotherapy as a systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Inui
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan Kobe Saisei Mirai Clinic, Kobe, Japan Inui Immunotherapy Clinic, Osaka, Japan Tokyo Saisei Mirai Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Amitani
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kubo
- Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuchiike
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Uto
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahito Nishikata
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan
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Inui T, Katsuura G, Kubo K, Kuchiike D, Chenery L, Uto Y, Nishikata T, Mette M. Case Report: GcMAF Treatment in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:3771-3774. [PMID: 27354653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF) has various functions as an immune modulator, such as macrophage activation, anti-angiogenic activity and anti-tumor activity. Clinical trials of second-generation GcMAF demonstrated remarkable clinical effects in several types of cancers. Thus, GcMAF-based immunotherapy has a wide application for use in the treatment of many diseases via macrophage activation that can be used as a supportive therapy. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered to be an autoimmune disorder that affects the myelinated axons in the central nervous system (CNS). This study was undertaken to examine the effects of second-generation GcMAF in a patient with MS. RESULTS This case study demonstrated that treatments of GcMAF in a patient with MS have potent therapeutic actions with early beneficial responses, especially improvement of motor dysfunction. CONCLUSION GcMAF shows therapeutic potency in the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Inui
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan Kobe Saisei Mirai Clinic, Kobe, Japan Inui Immunotherapy Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Goro Katsuura
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kubo
- Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuchiike
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiro Uto
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahito Nishikata
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan
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Uto Y, Kawai T, Sasaki T, Hamada K, Yamada H, Kuchiike D, Kubo K, Inui T, Mette M, Tokunaga K, Hayakawa A, Go A, Oosaki T. Degalactosylated/Desialylated Bovine Colostrum Induces Macrophage Phagocytic Activity Independently of Inflammatory Cytokine Production. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:4487-4492. [PMID: 26168491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Colostrum contains antibodies, such as immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM), and, therefore, has potent immunomodulating activity. In particular, IgA has an O-linked sugar chain similar to that in the group-specific component (Gc) protein, a precursor of the Gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF). In the present study, we investigated the macrophage-activating effects of degalactosylated/desialylated bovine colostrum. RESULTS We detected the positive band in degalactosylated/ desialylated bovine colostrum by western blotting using Helix pomatia agglutinin lectin. We also found that degalactosylated/ desialylated bovine colostrum could significantly enhance the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro and of intestinal macrophages in vivo. Besides, degalactosylated/desialylated bovine colostrum did not mediate the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). CONCLUSION Similar to the use of GcMAF, degalactosylated/desialylated bovine colostrum can be used as a potential macrophage activator for various immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Uto
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomohito Kawai
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshihide Sasaki
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ken Hamada
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hisatsugu Yamada
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuchiike
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kubo
- Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Inui
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan Kobe Saisei Mirai Clinic, Kobe, Japan Inui Immunotherapy Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Ken Tokunaga
- Kohkan Pharmaceutical Institute Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Hayakawa
- Kohkan Pharmaceutical Institute Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiteru Go
- Kohkan Pharmaceutical Institute Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Oosaki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Inui T, Kubo K, Kuchiike D, Uto Y, Nishikata T, Sakamoto N, Mette M. Oral Colostrum Macrophage-activating Factor for Serious Infection and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Three Case Reports. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:4545-4549. [PMID: 26168499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF) immunotherapy has been steadily advancing over the last two decades. Oral colostrum macrophage-activating factor (MAF) produced from bovine colostrum has shown high macrophage phagocytic activity. GcMAF-based immunotherapy has a wide application for use in treating many diseases via macrophage activation or for use as supportive therapy. RESULTS Three case studies demonstrate that oral colostrum MAF can be used for serious infection and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) without adverse effects. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that colostrum MAF shows promising clinical results in patients with infectious diseases and for symptoms of fatigue, which is common in many chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Inui
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan Inui Immunotherapy Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kubo
- Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuchiike
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Uto
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahito Nishikata
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sakamoto
- Division of Food and Drug Evaluation Science, Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Inui T, Makita K, Miura H, Matsuda A, Kuchiike D, Kubo K, Mette M, Uto Y, Nishikata T, Hori H, Sakamoto N. Case report: A breast cancer patient treated with GcMAF, sonodynamic therapy and hormone therapy. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:4589-4593. [PMID: 25075104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF) occurs naturally in the human body. It has various functions, such as macrophage activation and antitumor activities. Recently, immunotherapy has become an attractive new strategy in the treatment of cancer. GcMAF-based immunotherapy can be combined with many other therapies. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) using low-intensity ultrasound is a novel therapeutic modality. Ultrasound has been demonstrated to activate a number of sonosensitive agents allowing for the possibility of non-invasive targeted treatment for both superficial and deep-seated tumors. The current case study demonstrates that GcMAF and SDT can be used in combination with conventional therapies in patients with metastatic cancer, especially where treatment options are limited due to factors such as toxicity. This case study also suggests a new concept of cancer treatment using local destruction of cancer tissue, in this case conducted with SDT, to be used in combination with GcMAF immunotherapy as a systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Inui
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan Kobe Saisei Mirai Clinic, Kobe, Japan Inui Immunotherapy Clinic, Osaka, Japan Tokyo Saisei Mirai Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Daisuke Kuchiike
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kubo
- Saisei Mirai Cell Processing Center, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiro Uto
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahito Nishikata
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe, Japan Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hori
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sakamoto
- Division of Food and Drug Evaluation Science, Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Kuchiike D, Uto Y, Mukai H, Ishiyama N, Abe C, Tanaka D, Kawai T, Kubo K, Mette M, Inui T, Endo Y, Hori H. Degalactosylated/desialylated human serum containing GcMAF induces macrophage phagocytic activity and in vivo antitumor activity. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:2881-2885. [PMID: 23780974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The group-specific component protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF) has various biological activities, such as macrophage activation and antitumor activity. Clinical trials of GcMAF have been carried out for metastatic breast cancer, prostate cancer, and metastatic colorectal cancer. In this study, despite the complicated purification process of GcMAF, we used enzymatically-treated human serum containing GcMAF with a considerable macrophage-stimulating activity and antitumor activity. RESULTS We detected GcMAF in degalactosylated/desialylated human serum by western blotting using an anti-human Gc globulin antibody, and Helix pomatia agglutinin lectin. We also found that GcMAF-containing human serum significantly enhanced the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages and extended the survival time of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumors. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that GcMAF-containing human serum can be used as a potential macrophage activator for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kuchiike
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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Inui T, Kuchiike D, Kubo K, Mette M, Uto Y, Hori H, Sakamoto N. Clinical experience of integrative cancer immunotherapy with GcMAF. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:2917-2919. [PMID: 23780980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has become an attractive new strategy in the treatment of cancer. The laboratory and clinical study of cancer immunotherapy is rapidly advancing. However, in the clinical setting, the results of cancer immunotherapy are mixed. We therefore contend that cancer immunotherapy should be customized to each patient individually based on their immune status and propose an integrative immunotherapy approach with second-generation group-specific component macrophage activating factor (GcMAF)-containing human serum. PATIENTS AND METHODS The standard protocol of our integrative cancer immunotherapy is as follows: i) 0.5 ml GcMAF-containing human serum is administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously once or twice per week for the duration of cancer therapy until all cancer cells are eradicated; ii) hyper T/natural killer (NK) cell therapy is given once per week for six weeks; iii) high-dose vitamin C is administered intravenously twice per week; iv) alpha lipoic acid (600 mg) is administered orally daily; v) vitamin D3 (5,000-10,000 IU) is administered orally daily. RESULTS By March 2013, Saisei Mirai have treated over 345 patients with GcMAF. Among them we here present the cases of three patients for whom our integrative immunotherapy was remarkably effective. CONCLUSION The results of our integrative immunotherapy seem hopeful. We also plan to conduct a comparative clinical study.>
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Inui
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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Miño De Kaspar H, Hoepfner AS, Engelbert M, Thiel M, Ta CN, Mette M, Schulze-Schwering M, Grasbon T, Sesma-Vea B, Casas JM, Iturralde-Goñi R, Klauss V, Kampik A. Antibiotic resistance pattern and visual outcome in experimentally-induced Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis in a rabbit model. Ophthalmology 2001; 108:470-8. [PMID: 11237900 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study whether the clinical outcome of Staphylococcus epidermidis-induced endophthalmitis in rabbits is related to the antibiotic resistance pattern of the infecting strain. DESIGN Experimental animal study. PARTICIPANTS The right eyes of 36 New Zealand white albino rabbits were inoculated with strains of S. epidermidis that displayed various patterns of antibiotic resistance. METHODS There were 12 rabbits in each of three study groups: fully antibiotic susceptible (FS), partially antibiotic resistant (PR), and multiresistant (MR). Five days after inoculation, the eyes were enucleated and prepared for histologic studies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Comparisons among the three groups were made based on electroretinographic (ERG) findings, histologic evaluation by a masked observer, and clinical examination. RESULTS Electroretinographic findings on all rabbits were made by an unmasked observer. At 30 hours after inoculation, the ERG was diminished to 65% of normal for group FS, compared with a flat ERG waveform for groups PR (P < 0.05) and MR (P < 0.05). The ERG waveform was flat for all three groups at 72 hours after inoculation. Histologic evaluation by use of a histologic score revealed that the degree of inflammation and destruction of the retina was less for group FS (n = 10) compared with groups PR (n = 8) and MR (n = 8). Clinical examination revealed that there was a trend of less ocular inflammation for group FS compared with groups PR and MR. CONCLUSIONS In a rabbit model of S. epidermidis-induced endophthalmitis, antibiotic-susceptible strains caused less inflammation and destruction of the infected retina than did antibiotic-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Miño De Kaspar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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