1
|
Aschenbrenner I, Siebenmorgen T, Lopez A, Parr M, Ruckgaber P, Kerle A, Rührnößl F, Catici D, Haslbeck M, Frishman D, Sattler M, Zacharias M, Feige MJ. Assembly-dependent Structure Formation Shapes Human Interleukin-23 versus Interleukin-12 Secretion. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168300. [PMID: 37805067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) family cytokines connect the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system and regulate immune responses. A unique characteristic of this family is that each member is anα:βheterodimer. For human αsubunits it has been shown that they depend on theirβsubunit for structure formation and secretion from cells. Since subunits are shared within the family and IL-12 as well as IL-23 use the same βsubunit, subunit competition may influence cytokine secretion and thus downstream immunological functions. Here, we rationally design a folding-competent human IL-23α subunit that does not depend on itsβsubunit for structure formation. This engineered variant still forms a functional heterodimeric cytokine but shows less chaperone dependency and stronger affinity in assembly with its βsubunit. It forms IL-23 more efficiently than its natural counterpart, skewing the balance of IL-12 and IL-23 towards more IL-23 formation. Together, our study shows that folding-competent human IL-12 familyαsubunits are obtainable by only few mutations and compatible with assembly and function of the cytokine. These findings might suggest that human α subunits have evolved for assembly-dependent folding to maintain and regulate correct IL-12 family member ratios in the light of subunit competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Aschenbrenner
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Till Siebenmorgen
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany; Helmholtz Munich, Molecular Targets & Therapeutics Center, Institute of Structural Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Abraham Lopez
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Bavarian NMR Center, Garching, Germany; Helmholtz Munich, Molecular Targets & Therapeutics Center, Institute of Structural Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marina Parr
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics, Freising, Germany
| | - Philipp Ruckgaber
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Anna Kerle
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Rührnößl
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Dragana Catici
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Dmitrij Frishman
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Bavarian NMR Center, Garching, Germany; Helmholtz Munich, Molecular Targets & Therapeutics Center, Institute of Structural Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Höpfner D, Cichy A, Pogenberg V, Krisp C, Mezouar S, Bach NC, Grotheer J, Zarza SM, Martinez E, Bonazzi M, Feige MJ, Sieber SA, Schlüter H, Itzen A. The DNA-binding induced (de)AMPylation activity of a Coxiella burnetii Fic enzyme targets Histone H3. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1124. [PMID: 37932372 PMCID: PMC10628234 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular bacterial pathogen Coxiella burnetii evades the host response by secreting effector proteins that aid in establishing a replication-friendly niche. Bacterial filamentation induced by cyclic AMP (Fic) enzymes can act as effectors by covalently modifying target proteins with the posttranslational AMPylation by transferring adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to a hydroxyl-containing side chain. Here we identify the gene product of C. burnetii CBU_0822, termed C. burnetii Fic 2 (CbFic2), to AMPylate host cell histone H3 at serine 10 and serine 28. We show that CbFic2 acts as a bifunctional enzyme, both capable of AMPylation as well as deAMPylation, and is regulated by the binding of DNA via a C-terminal helix-turn-helix domain. We propose that CbFic2 performs AMPylation in its monomeric state, switching to a deAMPylating dimer upon DNA binding. This study unveils reversible histone modification by a specific enzyme of a pathogenic bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Höpfner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adam Cichy
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Department Chemistry, Group of Proteinchemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Vivian Pogenberg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Krisp
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut de Recherche pour la Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Nina C Bach
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Jan Grotheer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Madariaga Zarza
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut de Recherche pour la Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Martinez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology of Bacterial Infections, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, UMR 9004 - Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Matteo Bonazzi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology of Bacterial Infections, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, UMR 9004 - Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Section Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aymelt Itzen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
- Center for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hildenbrand K, Bohnacker S, Menon PR, Kerle A, Prodjinotho UF, Hartung F, Strasser PC, Catici DA, Rührnößl F, Haslbeck M, Schumann K, Müller SI, da Costa CP, Esser-von Bieren J, Feige MJ. Human interleukin-12α and EBI3 are cytokines with anti-inflammatory functions. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg6874. [PMID: 37878703 PMCID: PMC10599630 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Interleukins are secreted proteins that regulate immune responses. Among these, the interleukin 12 (IL-12) family holds a central position in inflammatory and infectious diseases. Each family member consists of an α and a β subunit that together form a composite cytokine. Within the IL-12 family, IL-35 remains particularly ill-characterized on a molecular level despite its key role in autoimmune diseases and cancer. Here we show that both IL-35 subunits, IL-12α and EBI3, mutually promote their secretion from cells but are not necessarily secreted as a heterodimer. Our data demonstrate that IL-12α and EBI3 are stable proteins in isolation that act as anti-inflammatory molecules. Both reduce secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and induce the development of regulatory T cells. Together, our study reveals IL-12α and EBI3, the subunits of IL-35, to be functionally active anti-inflammatory immune molecules on their own. This extends our understanding of the human cytokine repertoire as a basis for immunotherapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hildenbrand
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sina Bohnacker
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Priyanka Rajeev Menon
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anna Kerle
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ulrich F. Prodjinotho
- Institute for Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Center for Global Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Hartung
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick C. Strasser
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dragana A. M. Catici
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Rührnößl
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schumann
- Institute for Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie I. Müller
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institute for Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Center for Global Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection and Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Esser-von Bieren
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Department of Immunobiology, Université de Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Matthias J. Feige
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liebl K, Aschenbrenner I, Schiller L, Kerle A, Protzer U, Feige MJ. Modeling of the human interleukin 12:receptor complex allows to engineer attenuated cytokine variants. Mol Immunol 2023; 162:38-44. [PMID: 37639747 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) plays major roles in immune defense against intracellular pathogens. By activating T cells and increasing antigen presentation, it is also a very potent anti-tumor molecule. Strong immune activation and systemic toxicity, however, so far limit its potential therapeutic use. Building on recent experimental structures of IL-12 related cytokine:receptor complexes, we here provide a high-resolution computational model of the human IL-12:receptor complex. We design attenuated IL-12 variants with lower receptor binding affinities based on molecular dynamics simulations, and subsequently validate them experimentally. These variants show reduced activation of natural killer cells while maintaining T cell activation. This immunological signature is important to develop IL-12 for cancer treatment, where natural killer cells contribute to severe side-effects. Taken together, our study provides detailed insights into structure and dynamics of the human IL-12:receptor complex and leverages them for engineering attenuated variants to elicit fewer side-effects while maintaining relevant biological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Korbinian Liebl
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Isabel Aschenbrenner
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lisa Schiller
- Institute of Virology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Kerle
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Weigert Muñoz A, Meighen-Berger KM, Hacker SM, Feige MJ, Sieber SA. A chemical probe unravels the reactive proteome of health-associated catechols. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8635-8643. [PMID: 37592978 PMCID: PMC10430718 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00888f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechol-containing natural products are common constituents of foods, drinks, and drugs. Natural products carrying this motif are often associated with beneficial biological effects such as anticancer activity and neuroprotection. However, the molecular mode of action behind these properties is poorly understood. Here, we apply a mass spectrometry-based competitive chemical proteomics approach to elucidate the target scope of catechol-containing bioactive molecules from diverse foods and drugs. Inspired by the protein reactivity of catecholamine neurotransmitters, we designed and synthesised a broadly reactive minimalist catechol chemical probe based on dopamine. Initial labelling experiments in live human cells demonstrated broad protein binding by the probe, which was largely outcompeted by its parent compound dopamine. Next, we investigated the competition profile of a selection of biologically relevant catechol-containing substances. With this approach, we characterised the protein reactivity and the target scope of dopamine and ten biologically relevant catechols. Strikingly, proteins associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were among the main targets. ER stress assays in the presence of reactive catechols revealed an activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is highly relevant in oncology and cellular resilience, which may provide an explanation of the health-promoting effects attributed to many catechol-containing natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Weigert Muñoz
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies, Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8 D-85748 Garching Germany
| | - Kevin M Meighen-Berger
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies, Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 D-85748 Garching Germany
| | - Stephan M Hacker
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden Netherlands
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies, Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 D-85748 Garching Germany
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies, Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8 D-85748 Garching Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pradhan T, Sarkar R, Meighen-Berger KM, Feige MJ, Zacharias M, Reif B. Mechanistic insights into the aggregation pathway of the patient-derived immunoglobulin light chain variable domain protein FOR005. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3755. [PMID: 37353525 PMCID: PMC10290123 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic antibody light chain (AL) amyloidosis is characterized by deposition of amyloid fibrils. Prior to fibril formation, soluble oligomeric AL protein has a direct cytotoxic effect on cardiomyocytes. We focus on the patient derived λ-III AL variable domain FOR005 which is mutated at five positions with respect to the closest germline protein. Using solution-state NMR spectroscopy, we follow the individual steps involved in protein misfolding from the native to the amyloid fibril state. Unfavorable mutations in the complementary determining regions introduce a strain in the native protein structure which yields partial unfolding. Driven by electrostatic interactions, the protein converts into a high molecular weight, oligomeric, molten globule. The high local concentration of aggregation prone regions in the oligomer finally catalyzes the conversion into fibrils. The topology is determined by balanced electrostatic interactions in the fibril core implying a 180° rotational switch of the beta-sheets around the conserved disulfide bond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini Pradhan
- Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
- Institute of Structural Biology (STB), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Riddhiman Sarkar
- Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
- Institute of Structural Biology (STB), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kevin M Meighen-Berger
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Bernd Reif
- Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany.
- Institute of Structural Biology (STB), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zanotti A, Coelho JPL, Kaylani D, Singh G, Tauber M, Hitzenberger M, Avci D, Zacharias M, Russell RB, Lemberg MK, Feige MJ. The human signal peptidase complex acts as a quality control enzyme for membrane proteins. Science 2022; 378:996-1000. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abo5672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cells need to detect and degrade faulty membrane proteins to maintain homeostasis. In this study, we identify a previously unknown function of the human signal peptidase complex (SPC)—the enzyme that removes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signal peptides—as a membrane protein quality control factor. We show that the SPC cleaves membrane proteins that fail to correctly fold or assemble into their native complexes at otherwise hidden cleavage sites, which our study reveals to be abundant in the human membrane proteome. This posttranslocational cleavage synergizes with ER-associated degradation to sustain membrane protein homeostasis and contributes to cellular fitness. Cryptic SPC cleavage sites thus serve as predetermined breaking points that, when exposed, help to target misfolded or surplus proteins for degradation, thereby maintaining a healthy membrane proteome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zanotti
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - João P. L. Coelho
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dinah Kaylani
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- BioQuant and Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Tauber
- Center for Biochemistry and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Manuel Hitzenberger
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dönem Avci
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Robert B. Russell
- BioQuant and Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius K. Lemberg
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias J. Feige
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mideksa YG, Aschenbrenner I, Fux A, Kaylani D, Weiß CA, Nguyen TA, Bach NC, Lang K, Sieber SA, Feige MJ. A comprehensive set of ER protein disulfide isomerase family members supports the biogenesis of proinflammatory interleukin 12 family cytokines. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102677. [PMID: 36336075 PMCID: PMC9731863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines of the interleukin 12 (IL-12) family are assembled combinatorially from shared α and β subunits. A common theme is that human IL-12 family α subunits remain incompletely structured in isolation until they pair with a designate β subunit. Accordingly, chaperones need to support and control specific assembly processes. It remains incompletely understood, which chaperones are involved in IL-12 family biogenesis. Here, we site-specifically introduce photocrosslinking amino acids into the IL-12 and IL-23 α subunits (IL-12α and IL-23α) for stabilization of transient chaperone-client complexes for mass spectrometry. Our analysis reveals that a large set of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones interacts with IL-12α and IL-23α. Among these chaperones, we focus on protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family members and reveal IL-12 family subunits to be clients of several incompletely characterized PDIs. We find that different PDIs show selectivity for different cysteines in IL-12α and IL-23α. Despite this, PDI binding generally stabilizes unassembled IL-12α and IL-23α against degradation. In contrast, α:β assembly appears robust, and only multiple simultaneous PDI depletions reduce IL-12 secretion. Our comprehensive analysis of the IL-12/IL-23 chaperone machinery reveals a hitherto uncharacterized role for several PDIs in this process. This extends our understanding of how cells accomplish the task of specific protein assembly reactions for signaling processes. Furthermore, our findings show that cytokine secretion can be modulated by targeting specific endoplasmic reticulum chaperones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan G. Mideksa
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Isabel Aschenbrenner
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Anja Fux
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Dinah Kaylani
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Caroline A.M. Weiß
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Tuan-Anh Nguyen
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Nina C. Bach
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Kathrin Lang
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan A. Sieber
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias J. Feige
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany,For correspondence: Matthias J. Feige
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bloemeke N, Meighen‐Berger K, Hitzenberger M, Bach NC, Parr M, Coelho JPL, Frishman D, Zacharias M, Sieber SA, Feige MJ. Intramembrane client recognition potentiates the chaperone functions of calnexin. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110959. [PMID: 36314723 PMCID: PMC9753464 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
One-third of the human proteome is comprised of membrane proteins, which are particularly vulnerable to misfolding and often require folding assistance by molecular chaperones. Calnexin (CNX), which engages client proteins via its sugar-binding lectin domain, is one of the most abundant ER chaperones, and plays an important role in membrane protein biogenesis. Based on mass spectrometric analyses, we here show that calnexin interacts with a large number of nonglycosylated membrane proteins, indicative of additional nonlectin binding modes. We find that calnexin preferentially bind misfolded membrane proteins and that it uses its single transmembrane domain (TMD) for client recognition. Combining experimental and computational approaches, we systematically dissect signatures for intramembrane client recognition by calnexin, and identify sequence motifs within the calnexin TMD region that mediate client binding. Building on this, we show that intramembrane client binding potentiates the chaperone functions of calnexin. Together, these data reveal a widespread role of calnexin client recognition in the lipid bilayer, which synergizes with its established lectin-based substrate binding. Molecular chaperones thus can combine different interaction modes to support the biogenesis of the diverse eukaryotic membrane proteome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bloemeke
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Kevin Meighen‐Berger
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Manuel Hitzenberger
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Nina C Bach
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Marina Parr
- Department of Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Joao PL Coelho
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Dmitrij Frishman
- Department of Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hildenbrand K, Aschenbrenner I, Franke FC, Devergne O, Feige MJ. Biogenesis and engineering of interleukin 12 family cytokines. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:936-949. [PMID: 35691784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) family cytokines are secreted proteins that regulate immune responses. Each family member is a heterodimer and nature uses shared building blocks to assemble the functionally distinct IL-12 cytokines. In recent years we have gained insights into the molecular principles and cellular regulation of IL-12 family biogenesis. For each of the family members, generally one subunit depends on its partner to acquire its native structure and be secreted from immune cells. If unpaired, molecular chaperones retain these subunits in cells. This allows cells to regulate and control secretion of the highly potent IL-12 family cytokines. Molecular insights gained into IL-12 family biogenesis, structure, and function now allow us to engineer IL-12 family cytokines to develop novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hildenbrand
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Isabel Aschenbrenner
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Fabian C Franke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Odile Devergne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 75 013 Paris, France.
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
de Los Reyes Jiménez M, Lechner A, Alessandrini F, Bohnacker S, Schindela S, Trompette A, Haimerl P, Thomas D, Henkel F, Mourão A, Geerlof A, da Costa CP, Chaker AM, Brüne B, Nüsing R, Jakobsson PJ, Nockher WA, Feige MJ, Haslbeck M, Ohnmacht C, Marsland BJ, Voehringer D, Harris NL, Schmidt-Weber CB, Esser-von Bieren J. An anti-inflammatory eicosanoid switch mediates the suppression of type-2 inflammation by helminth larval products. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/540/eaay0605. [PMID: 32321863 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids are key mediators of type-2 inflammation, e.g., in allergy and asthma. Helminth products have been suggested as remedies against inflammatory diseases, but their effects on eicosanoids are unknown. Here, we show that larval products of the helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (HpbE), known to modulate type-2 responses, trigger a broad anti-inflammatory eicosanoid shift by suppressing the 5-lipoxygenase pathway, but inducing the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. In human macrophages and granulocytes, the HpbE-driven induction of the COX pathway resulted in the production of anti-inflammatory mediators [e.g., prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and IL-10] and suppressed chemotaxis. HpbE also abrogated the chemotaxis of granulocytes from patients suffering from aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), a severe type-2 inflammatory condition. Intranasal treatment with HpbE extract attenuated allergic airway inflammation in mice, and intranasal transfer of HpbE-conditioned macrophages led to reduced airway eosinophilia in a COX/PGE2-dependent fashion. The induction of regulatory mediators in macrophages depended on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and Hpb glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), which we identify as a major immunoregulatory protein in HpbE Hpb GDH activity was required for anti-inflammatory effects of HpbE in macrophages, and local administration of recombinant Hpb GDH to the airways abrogated allergic airway inflammation in mice. Thus, a metabolic enzyme present in helminth larvae can suppress type-2 inflammation by inducing an anti-inflammatory eicosanoid switch, which has important implications for the therapy of allergy and asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta de Los Reyes Jiménez
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Antonie Lechner
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Francesca Alessandrini
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Sina Bohnacker
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Schindela
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Aurélien Trompette
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Haimerl
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fiona Henkel
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - André Mourão
- Protein Expression and Purification Facility (PEPF), Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Arie Geerlof
- Protein Expression and Purification Facility (PEPF), Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Adam M Chaker
- Department of Otolaryngology, Allergy Section, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rolf Nüsing
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang A Nockher
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Caspar Ohnmacht
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany.,Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Julia Esser-von Bieren
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Min B, Kim D, Feige MJ. IL-30 † (IL-27A): a familiar stranger in immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:823-834. [PMID: 34045653 PMCID: PMC8178335 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, interleukin (IL)-27 has received much attention because of its highly divergent, sometimes even opposing, functions in immunity. IL-30, the p28 subunit that forms IL-27 together with Ebi3 and is also known as IL-27p28 or IL-27A, has been considered a surrogate to represent IL-27. However, it was later discovered that IL-30 can form complexes with other protein subunits, potentially leading to overlapping or discrete functions. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that IL-30 itself may perform immunomodulatory functions independent of Ebi3 or other binding partners and that IL-30 production is strongly associated with certain cancers in humans. In this review, we will discuss the biology of IL-30 and other IL-30-associated cytokines and their functions in inflammation and cancer. Studying the ways that interleukin IL-30 regulates immune responses may provide novel insights into tumor development and inflammatory conditions. Interleukins are a diverse family of proteins involved in intercellular communications and immunity, where they can exert divergent and even opposing functions. Booki Min at Northwestern University in Chicago, USA, and co-workers reviewed the current understanding of IL-30 and its links to inflammation and cancer. IL-30 forms the IL-27 complex with the Ebi3 protein and was thought to be a surrogate for IL-27 in terms of activity. However, recent insights suggest that IL-30 may perform discrete immune modulation functions. Elevated IL-30 secretion is linked to prostate and breast cancer development. Extensive research is needed into the formation of IL-30, its associated protein interactions, and the development of a suitable animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Booki Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Dongkyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kong KYE, Coelho JPL, Feige MJ, Khmelinskii A. Quality control of mislocalized and orphan proteins. Exp Cell Res 2021; 403:112617. [PMID: 33930402 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A healthy and functional proteome is essential to cell physiology. However, this is constantly being challenged as most steps of protein metabolism are error-prone and changes in the physico-chemical environment can affect protein structure and function, thereby disrupting proteome homeostasis. Among a variety of potential mistakes, proteins can be targeted to incorrect compartments or subunits of protein complexes may fail to assemble properly with their partners, resulting in the formation of mislocalized and orphan proteins, respectively. Quality control systems are in place to handle these aberrant proteins, and to minimize their detrimental impact on cellular functions. Here, we discuss recent findings on quality control mechanisms handling mislocalized and orphan proteins. We highlight common principles involved in their recognition and summarize how accumulation of these aberrant molecules is associated with aging and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - João P L Coelho
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schlagintweit JF, Jakob CHG, Meighen-Berger K, Gronauer TF, Weigert Muñoz A, Weiß V, Feige MJ, Sieber SA, Correia JDG, Kühn FE. Fluorescent palladium(II) and platinum(II) NHC/1,2,3-triazole complexes: antiproliferative activity and selectivity against cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2158-2166. [PMID: 33496310 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) complexes bearing 4-methylene-7-methoxycoumarin (MMC) and 2,6-diispropylphenyl (Dipp) substituted NHC/1,2,3-triazole hybrid ligands are described. Depending on the reaction conditions two different ligand coordination modes are observed, i.e., bidentate solely coordinating via NHCs or tetradentate coordinating via NHCs and 1,2,3-triazoles. All Dipp substituted complexes show antiproliferative activity against cervix (HeLa) and breast (MCF-7) human carcinoma cells. The activity significantly depends on the coordination mode, with the tetradentate motif being notably more effective (HeLa: IC50 = 3.9 μM to 4.7 μM; MCF-7: IC50 = 2.07 μM to 2.35 μM). Amongst the MMC series, only the Pd(ii) complex featuring the bidentate coordination mode is active against HeLa (IC50 = 6.1 μM). In contrast to its structurally related Dipp derivative (SI = 0.6), it shows a high selectivity for HeLa (SI > 16) compared to healthy skin cells (HaCaT). According to fluorescence microscopy, this compound is presumably located in late endosomes or lysosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F Schlagintweit
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Christian H G Jakob
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Kevin Meighen-Berger
- Cellular Protein Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Thomas F Gronauer
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Angela Weigert Muñoz
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Vanessa Weiß
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany. and Ausbildungszentrum der Technischen Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Cellular Protein Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - João D G Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional N°10 (km 139, 7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bohnacker S, Hildenbrand K, Aschenbrenner I, Müller SI, Bieren JEV, Feige MJ. Influence of glycosylation on IL-12 family cytokine biogenesis and function. Mol Immunol 2020; 126:120-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
16
|
Cavé MC, Maillard S, Hildenbrand K, Mamelonet C, Feige MJ, Devergne O. Glycosaminoglycans bind human IL-27 and regulate its activity. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1484-1499. [PMID: 32483835 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IL-27 is a cytokine of the IL-12 family, composed of EBI3 and IL-27p28. IL-27 regulates immune responses and also other physiological processes including hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, and bone formation. Its receptor, composed of IL-27Rα and gp130, activates the STAT pathway. Here, we show that different glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) modulate human IL-27 activity in vitro. We find that soluble heparin and heparan sulfate efficiently inhibit human IL-27 activity as shown by decreased STAT signaling and downstream biological effects. In contrast, membrane-bound heparan sulfate seems to positively regulate IL-27 activity. Our biochemical studies demonstrate that soluble GAGs directly bind to human IL-27, consistent with in silico analyses, and prevent its binding to IL-27Rα. Although murine IL-27 also bound to GAGs in vitro, its activity was less efficiently inhibited by soluble GAGs. Lastly, we show that two heparin-derivatives, low molecular weight heparin and fondaparinux, that like unfractionated heparin are used in clinics, had weaker or no effect on human IL-27 activity. Together, our data identify GAGs as new players in the regulation of human IL-27 activity that might act under physiological conditions and may also have a clinical impact in heparin-treated patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Cavé
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Solène Maillard
- Université Paris Descartes, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | - Karen Hildenbrand
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Claire Mamelonet
- Université Paris Descartes, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Odile Devergne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Coelho JP, Feige MJ. In case of stress, hold tight: phosphorylation switches PDI from an oxidoreductase to a holdase, tuning ER proteostasis. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104880. [PMID: 32239769 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have evolved multiple responses that allow endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis to be maintained even in the face of acute or chronic stresses. In this issue, Yu et al (2020) describe how site-specific phosphorylation switches protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) from a folding enzyme to a holdase chaperone which regulates ER stress responses, thus highlighting PDI as a key player in ER homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joao Pl Coelho
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Niu Z, Prade E, Malideli E, Hille K, Jussupow A, Mideksa YG, Yan L, Qian C, Fleisch M, Messias AC, Sarkar R, Sattler M, Lamb DC, Feige MJ, Camilloni C, Kapurniotu A, Reif B. Structural Insight into IAPP-Derived Amyloid Inhibitors and Their Mechanism of Action. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5771-5781. [PMID: 31863711 PMCID: PMC7154662 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Designed peptides derived from the islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) cross-amyloid interaction surface with Aβ (termed interaction surface mimics or ISMs) have been shown to be highly potent inhibitors of Aβ amyloid self-assembly. However, the molecular mechanism of their function is not well understood. Using solution-state and solid-state NMR spectroscopy in combination with ensemble-averaged dynamics simulations and other biophysical methods including TEM, fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy, and DLS, we characterize ISM structural preferences and interactions. We find that the ISM peptide R3-GI is highly dynamic, can adopt a β-like structure, and oligomerizes into colloid-like assemblies in a process that is reminiscent of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Our results suggest that such assemblies yield multivalent surfaces for interactions with Aβ40. Sequestration of substrates into these colloid-like structures provides a mechanistic basis for ISM function and the design of novel potent anti-amyloid molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Niu
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU)Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und UmweltInstitute of Structural BiologyIngolstädter Landstr. 185764NeuherbergGermany
- Technische Universität München (TUM)Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of ChemistryLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Elke Prade
- Technische Universität München (TUM)Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of ChemistryLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Eleni Malideli
- Technische Universität München (TUM)TUM School of Life SciencesDivision of Peptide BiochemistryEmil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 585354FreisingGermany
| | - Kathleen Hille
- Technische Universität München (TUM)TUM School of Life SciencesDivision of Peptide BiochemistryEmil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 585354FreisingGermany
| | - Alexander Jussupow
- Technische Universität München (TUM)Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of ChemistryLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
- Technische Universität München (TUM)Institute for Advanced StudyLichtenbergstr. 2a85748GarchingGermany
| | - Yonatan G. Mideksa
- Technische Universität München (TUM)Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of ChemistryLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
- Technische Universität München (TUM)Institute for Advanced StudyLichtenbergstr. 2a85748GarchingGermany
| | - Li‐Mei Yan
- Technische Universität München (TUM)TUM School of Life SciencesDivision of Peptide BiochemistryEmil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 585354FreisingGermany
| | - Chen Qian
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, MunichDepartment of ChemistryCenter for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM)Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS)Butenandtstr. 581377MünchenGermany
| | - Markus Fleisch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU)Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und UmweltInstitute of Structural BiologyIngolstädter Landstr. 185764NeuherbergGermany
- Technische Universität München (TUM)Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of ChemistryLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Ana C. Messias
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU)Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und UmweltInstitute of Structural BiologyIngolstädter Landstr. 185764NeuherbergGermany
| | - Riddhiman Sarkar
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU)Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und UmweltInstitute of Structural BiologyIngolstädter Landstr. 185764NeuherbergGermany
- Technische Universität München (TUM)Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of ChemistryLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU)Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und UmweltInstitute of Structural BiologyIngolstädter Landstr. 185764NeuherbergGermany
- Technische Universität München (TUM)Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of ChemistryLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Don C. Lamb
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, MunichDepartment of ChemistryCenter for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM)Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS)Butenandtstr. 581377MünchenGermany
| | - Matthias J. Feige
- Technische Universität München (TUM)Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of ChemistryLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
- Technische Universität München (TUM)Institute for Advanced StudyLichtenbergstr. 2a85748GarchingGermany
| | - Carlo Camilloni
- Technische Universität München (TUM)Institute for Advanced StudyLichtenbergstr. 2a85748GarchingGermany
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di BioscienzeVia Giovanni Celoria 2620133MilanoItaly
| | - Aphrodite Kapurniotu
- Technische Universität München (TUM)TUM School of Life SciencesDivision of Peptide BiochemistryEmil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 585354FreisingGermany
| | - Bernd Reif
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU)Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und UmweltInstitute of Structural BiologyIngolstädter Landstr. 185764NeuherbergGermany
- Technische Universität München (TUM)Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of ChemistryLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mideksa YG, Fottner M, Braus S, Weiß CAM, Nguyen TA, Meier S, Lang K, Feige MJ. Site-Specific Protein Labeling with Fluorophores as a Tool To Monitor Protein Turnover. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1861-1867. [PMID: 32011787 PMCID: PMC7383901 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteins that terminally fail to acquire their native structure are detected and degraded by cellular quality control systems. Insights into cellular protein quality control are key to a better understanding of how cells establish and maintain the integrity of their proteome and of how failures in these processes cause human disease. Here we have used genetic code expansion and fast bio‐orthogonal reactions to monitor protein turnover in mammalian cells through a fluorescence‐based assay. We have used immune signaling molecules (interleukins) as model substrates and shown that our approach preserves normal cellular quality control, assembly processes, and protein functionality and works for different proteins and fluorophores. We have further extended our approach to a pulse‐chase type of assay that can provide kinetic insights into cellular protein behavior. Taken together, this study establishes a minimally invasive method to investigate protein turnover in cells as a key determinant of cellular homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan G Mideksa
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fottner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Braus
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Current address: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline A M Weiß
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Tuan-Anh Nguyen
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Susanne Meier
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Kathrin Lang
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr.2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr.2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Niu Z, Prade E, Malideli E, Hille K, Jussupow A, Mideksa YG, Yan L, Qian C, Fleisch M, Messias AC, Sarkar R, Sattler M, Lamb DC, Feige MJ, Camilloni C, Kapurniotu A, Reif B. Structural Insight into IAPP‐Derived Amyloid Inhibitors and Their Mechanism of Action. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Niu
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU) Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt Institute of Structural Biology Ingolstädter Landstr. 1 85764 Neuherberg Germany
- Technische Universität München (TUM) Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of Chemistry Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Elke Prade
- Technische Universität München (TUM) Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of Chemistry Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Eleni Malideli
- Technische Universität München (TUM) TUM School of Life Sciences Division of Peptide Biochemistry Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Kathleen Hille
- Technische Universität München (TUM) TUM School of Life Sciences Division of Peptide Biochemistry Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Alexander Jussupow
- Technische Universität München (TUM) Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of Chemistry Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
- Technische Universität München (TUM) Institute for Advanced Study Lichtenbergstr. 2a 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Yonatan G. Mideksa
- Technische Universität München (TUM) Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of Chemistry Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
- Technische Universität München (TUM) Institute for Advanced Study Lichtenbergstr. 2a 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Li‐Mei Yan
- Technische Universität München (TUM) TUM School of Life Sciences Division of Peptide Biochemistry Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Chen Qian
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich Department of Chemistry Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS) Butenandtstr. 5 81377 München Germany
| | - Markus Fleisch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU) Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt Institute of Structural Biology Ingolstädter Landstr. 1 85764 Neuherberg Germany
- Technische Universität München (TUM) Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of Chemistry Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Ana C. Messias
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU) Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt Institute of Structural Biology Ingolstädter Landstr. 1 85764 Neuherberg Germany
| | - Riddhiman Sarkar
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU) Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt Institute of Structural Biology Ingolstädter Landstr. 1 85764 Neuherberg Germany
- Technische Universität München (TUM) Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of Chemistry Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU) Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt Institute of Structural Biology Ingolstädter Landstr. 1 85764 Neuherberg Germany
- Technische Universität München (TUM) Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of Chemistry Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Don C. Lamb
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich Department of Chemistry Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS) Butenandtstr. 5 81377 München Germany
| | - Matthias J. Feige
- Technische Universität München (TUM) Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of Chemistry Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
- Technische Universität München (TUM) Institute for Advanced Study Lichtenbergstr. 2a 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Carlo Camilloni
- Technische Universität München (TUM) Institute for Advanced Study Lichtenbergstr. 2a 85748 Garching Germany
- Università degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Bioscienze Via Giovanni Celoria 26 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Aphrodite Kapurniotu
- Technische Universität München (TUM) TUM School of Life Sciences Division of Peptide Biochemistry Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Bernd Reif
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU) Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt Institute of Structural Biology Ingolstädter Landstr. 1 85764 Neuherberg Germany
- Technische Universität München (TUM) Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at the Department of Chemistry Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- Janosch Hennig
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1 D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hohl A, Mideksa YG, Karan R, Akal A, Vogler M, Groll M, Rueping M, Lang K, Feige MJ, Eppinger J. Genetically Encoded Biotin Analogues: Incorporation and Application in Bacterial and Mammalian Cells. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1795-1798. [PMID: 30900320 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The biotin-streptavidin interaction is among the strongest known in nature. Herein, the site-directed incorporation of biotin and 2-iminobiotin composed of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins is reported. 2-Iminobiotin lysine was employed for protein purification based on the pH-dependent dissociation constant to streptavidin. By using the high-affinity binding of biotin lysine, the bacterial protein RecA could be specifically isolated and its interaction partners analyzed. Furthermore, the biotinylation approach was successfully transferred to mammalian cells. Stringent control over the biotinylation site and the tunable affinity between ncAAs and streptavidin of the different biotin analogues make this approach an attractive tool for protein interaction studies, protein immobilization, and the generation of well-defined protein-drug conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hohl
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia.,Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Yonatan G Mideksa
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ram Karan
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anastassja Akal
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia.,Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Malvina Vogler
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Groll
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kathrin Lang
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Jörg Eppinger
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Janosch Hennig
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Müller SI, Aschenbrenner I, Zacharias M, Feige MJ. An Interspecies Analysis Reveals Molecular Construction Principles of Interleukin 27. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2383-2393. [PMID: 31034891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 27 (IL-27) is a cytokine that regulates inflammatory responses. It is composed of an α subunit (IL-27α) and a β subunit (EBI3), which together form heterodimeric IL-27. Despite this general principle, IL-27 from different species shows distinct characteristics: Human IL-27α is not secreted autonomously while EBI3 is. In mice, the subunits show a reciprocal behavior. The molecular basis and the evolutionary conservation of these differences have remained unclear. They are biologically important, however, since secreted IL-27 subunits can act as cytokines on their own. Here, we show that formation of a single disulfide bond is an evolutionary conserved trait, which determines secretion-competency of IL-27α. Furthermore, combining cell-biological with computational approaches, we provide detailed structural insights into IL-27 heterodimerization and find that it relies on a conserved interface. Lastly, our study reveals a hitherto unknown construction principle of IL-27: one secretion-competent subunit generally pairs with one that depends on the other to induce its secretion. Taken together, these findings significantly extend our understanding of IL-27 biogenesis as a key cytokine and highlight how protein assembly can influence immunoregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie I Müller
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Isabel Aschenbrenner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Coelho JPL, Stahl M, Bloemeke N, Meighen-Berger K, Alvira CP, Zhang ZR, Sieber SA, Feige MJ. Publisher Correction: A network of chaperones prevents and detects failures in membrane protein lipid bilayer integration. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1908. [PMID: 31000714 PMCID: PMC6472355 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The original version of this Article contained errors in Fig. 1 and Supplementary Fig. 3. In Fig. 1, the labels indicating the Cx32wt constructs in panels d and e were incorrectly shifted with respect to the relevant western blot lanes. In Supplementary Fig. 3, numbers of unique peptides and % sequence coverage were incorrectly reported as being for wt and L90H separately, and should refer to wt and L90H combined. These errors have been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João P L Coelho
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Stahl
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,SciLifeLab, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 1031, 171 21 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Bloemeke
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Kevin Meighen-Berger
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Carlos Piedrafita Alvira
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Zai-Rong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Coelho JPL, Stahl M, Bloemeke N, Meighen-Berger K, Alvira CP, Zhang ZR, Sieber SA, Feige MJ. A network of chaperones prevents and detects failures in membrane protein lipid bilayer integration. Nat Commun 2019; 10:672. [PMID: 30737405 PMCID: PMC6368539 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental step in membrane protein biogenesis is their integration into the lipid bilayer with a defined orientation of each transmembrane segment. Despite this, it remains unclear how cells detect and handle failures in this process. Here we show that single point mutations in the membrane protein connexin 32 (Cx32), which cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, can cause failures in membrane integration. This leads to Cx32 transport defects and rapid degradation. Our data show that multiple chaperones detect and remedy this aberrant behavior: the ER-membrane complex (EMC) aids in membrane integration of low-hydrophobicity transmembrane segments. If they fail to integrate, these are recognized by the ER-lumenal chaperone BiP. Ultimately, the E3 ligase gp78 ubiquitinates Cx32 proteins, targeting them for degradation. Thus, cells use a coordinated system of chaperones for the complex task of membrane protein biogenesis, which can be compromised by single point mutations, causing human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João P L Coelho
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Stahl
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
- SciLifeLab, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 1031, 171 21 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Bloemeke
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Kevin Meighen-Berger
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Carlos Piedrafita Alvira
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Zai-Rong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Grötsch RK, Angı A, Mideksa YG, Wanzke C, Tena-Solsona M, Feige MJ, Rieger B, Boekhoven J. Dissipative Selbstassemblierung photolumineszierender Siliciumnanokristalle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael K. Grötsch
- Fakultät für Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
- Institute for Advanced Study; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 2a 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Arzu Angı
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität München; Deutschland
- Zentralinstitut für Katalyseforschung; Garching Deutschland
| | - Yonatan G. Mideksa
- Center for Integrated Protein Science an der Fakultät für Chemie; Technische Universität München; Garching Deutschland
- Institute for Advanced Study; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 2a 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Caren Wanzke
- Fakultät für Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
- Institute for Advanced Study; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 2a 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Marta Tena-Solsona
- Fakultät für Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
- Institute for Advanced Study; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 2a 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Matthias J. Feige
- Center for Integrated Protein Science an der Fakultät für Chemie; Technische Universität München; Garching Deutschland
- Institute for Advanced Study; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 2a 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität München; Deutschland
- Zentralinstitut für Katalyseforschung; Garching Deutschland
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Fakultät für Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
- Institute for Advanced Study; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 2a 85748 Garching Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Grötsch RK, Angı A, Mideksa YG, Wanzke C, Tena-Solsona M, Feige MJ, Rieger B, Boekhoven J. Dissipative Self-Assembly of Photoluminescent Silicon Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14608-14612. [PMID: 30040877 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Solutions of silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) are used in a diverse range of applications because of their tunable photoluminescence, biocompatibility, and the abundance of Si. In dissipative supramolecular materials, self-assembly of molecules or nanoparticles is driven by a chemical reaction network that irreversible consumes fuel. The properties of the emerging structures are controlled by the kinetics of the underlying chemical reaction network. Herein, we demonstrate the dissipative self-assembly of photoluminescent SiNCs driven by a chemical fuel. A chemical reaction induces self-assembly of the water-soluble SiNCs. However, the assemblies are transient, and when the chemical reaction network runs out of fuel, the SiNCs disassemble. The lifetime of the assemblies is controlled by the amount of fuel added. As an application of the transient supramolecular material, we demonstrate that the platform can be used to control the delayed uptake of the nanocrystals by mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael K Grötsch
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Arzu Angı
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Yonatan G Mideksa
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Caren Wanzke
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Marta Tena-Solsona
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rodriguez Camargo DC, Garg D, Buday K, Franko A, Rodriguez Camargo A, Schmidt F, Cox SJ, Suladze S, Haslbeck M, Mideksa YG, Gemmecker G, Aichler M, Mettenleiter G, Schulz M, Walch AK, Hrabě de Angelis M, Feige MJ, Sierra CA, Conrad M, Tripsianes K, Ramamoorthy A, Reif B. hIAPP forms toxic oligomers in plasma. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5426-5429. [PMID: 29745410 PMCID: PMC5970100 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In diabetes, hyperamylinemia contributes to cardiac dysfunction. The interplay between hIAPP, blood glucose and other plasma components is, however, not understood. We show that glucose and LDL interact with hIAPP, resulting in β-sheet rich oligomers with increased β-cell toxicity and hemolytic activity, providing mechanistic insights for a direct link between diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Reitberger S, Haimerl P, Aschenbrenner I, Esser-von Bieren J, Feige MJ. Assembly-induced folding regulates interleukin 12 biogenesis and secretion. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8073-8081. [PMID: 28325840 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.782284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the IL-12 family perform essential functions in immunoregulation by connecting innate and adaptive immunity and are emerging therapeutic targets. They are unique among other interleukins in forming heterodimers that arise from extensive subunit sharing within the family, leading to the production of at least four functionally distinct heterodimers from only five subunits. This raises important questions about how the assembly of IL-12 family members is regulated and controlled in the cell. Here, using cell-biological approaches, we have dissected basic principles that underlie the biogenesis of the founding member of the family, IL-12. Within the native IL-12 heterodimer, composed of IL-12α and IL-12β, IL-12α possesses three intramolecular and one intermolecular disulfide bridges. We show that, in isolation, IL-12α fails to form its native structure but, instead, misfolds, forming incorrect disulfide bonds. Co-expression of its β subunit inhibits misfolding and thus allows secretion of biologically active heterodimeric IL-12. On the basis of these findings, we identified the disulfide bonds in IL-12α that are critical for assembly-induced secretion and biological activity of IL-12 versus misfolding and degradation of IL-12α. Surprisingly, two of the three disulfide bridges in IL-12α are dispensable for IL-12 secretion, stability, and biological activity. Extending our findings, we show that misfolding also occurs for IL-23α, another IL-12 family protein. Our results indicate that assembly-induced folding is key in IL-12 family biogenesis and secretion. The identification of essential disulfide bonds that underlie this process lays the basis for a simplified yet functional IL-12 cytokine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Reitberger
- From the Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany and
| | - Pascal Haimerl
- the Center of Allergy and Environment, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Aschenbrenner
- From the Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany and
| | - Julia Esser-von Bieren
- the Center of Allergy and Environment, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- From the Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany and
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Behnke J, Mann MJ, Scruggs FL, Feige MJ, Hendershot LM. Members of the Hsp70 Family Recognize Distinct Types of Sequences to Execute ER Quality Control. Mol Cell 2016; 63:739-52. [PMID: 27546788 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein maturation in the endoplasmic reticulum is controlled by multiple chaperones, but how they recognize and determine the fate of their clients remains unclear. We developed an in vivo peptide library covering substrates of the ER Hsp70 system: BiP, Grp170, and three of BiP's DnaJ-family co-factors (ERdj3, ERdj4, and ERdj5). In vivo binding studies revealed that sites for pro-folding chaperones BiP and ERdj3 were frequent and dispersed throughout the clients, whereas Grp170, ERdj4, and ERdj5 specifically recognized a distinct type of rarer sequence with a high predicted aggregation potential. Mutational analyses provided insights into sequence recognition characteristics for these pro-degradation chaperones, which could be readily introduced or disrupted, allowing the consequences for client fates to be determined. Our data reveal unanticipated diversity in recognition sequences for chaperones; establish a sequence-encoded interplay between protein folding, aggregation, and degradation; and highlight the ability of clients to co-evolve with chaperones, ensuring quality control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Behnke
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Melissa J Mann
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Fei-Lin Scruggs
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, 2000 N. Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Linda M Hendershot
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Feige MJ, Behnke J, Mittag T, Hendershot LM. Dimerization-dependent folding underlies assembly control of the clonotypic αβT cell receptor chains. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26821-31. [PMID: 26400083 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.689471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, secretory pathway proteins must pass stringent quality control checkpoints before exiting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Acquisition of native structure is generally considered to be the most important prerequisite for ER exit. However, structurally detailed protein folding studies in the ER are few. Furthermore, aberrant ER quality control decisions are associated with a large and increasing number of human diseases, highlighting the need for more detailed studies on the molecular determinants that result in proteins being either secreted or retained. Here we used the clonotypic αβ chains of the T cell receptor (TCR) as a model to analyze lumenal determinants of ER quality control with a particular emphasis on how proper assembly of oligomeric proteins can be monitored in the ER. A combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches allowed us to provide a detailed model for αβTCR assembly control in the cell. We found that folding of the TCR α chain constant domain Cα is dependent on αβ heterodimerization. Furthermore, our data show that some variable regions associated with either chain can remain incompletely folded until chain pairing occurs. Together, these data argue for template-assisted folding at more than one point in the TCR α/β assembly process, which allows specific recognition of unassembled clonotypic chains by the ER chaperone machinery and, therefore, reliable quality control of this important immune receptor. Additionally, it highlights an unreported possible limitation in the α and β chain combinations that comprise the T cell repertoire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tanja Mittag
- Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Behnke J, Feige MJ, Hendershot LM. BiP and its nucleotide exchange factors Grp170 and Sil1: mechanisms of action and biological functions. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:1589-608. [PMID: 25698114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BiP (immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein) is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) orthologue of the Hsp70 family of molecular chaperones and is intricately involved in most functions of this organelle through its interactions with a variety of substrates and regulatory proteins. Like all Hsp70 family members, the ability of BiP to bind and release unfolded proteins is tightly regulated by a cycle of ATP binding, hydrolysis, and nucleotide exchange. As a characteristic of the Hsp70 family, multiple DnaJ-like co-factors can target substrates to BiP and stimulate its ATPase activity to stabilize the binding of BiP to substrates. However, only in the past decade have nucleotide exchange factors for BiP been identified, which has shed light not only on the mechanism of BiP-assisted folding in the ER but also on Hsp70 family members that reside throughout the cell. We will review the current understanding of the ATPase cycle of BiP in the unique environment of the ER and how it is regulated by the nucleotide exchange factors, Grp170 (glucose-regulated protein of 170kDa) and Sil1, both of which perform unanticipated roles in various biological functions and disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Behnke
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Linda M Hendershot
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Otero JH, Lizák B, Feige MJ, Hendershot LM. Dissection of structural and functional requirements that underlie the interaction of ERdj3 protein with substrates in the endoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27504-12. [PMID: 25143379 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.587147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
ERdj3, a mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Hsp40/DnaJ family member, binds unfolded proteins, transfers them to BiP, and concomitantly stimulates BiP ATPase activity. However, the requirements for ERdj3 binding to and release from substrates in cells are not well understood. We found that ERdj3 homodimers that cannot stimulate the ATPase activity of BiP (QPD mutants) bound to unfolded ER proteins under steady state conditions in much greater amounts than wild-type ERdj3. This was due to reduced release from these substrates as opposed to enhanced binding, although in both cases dimerization was strictly required for substrate binding. Conversely, heterodimers consisting of one wild-type and one mutant ERdj3 subunit bound substrates at levels comparable with wild-type ERdj3 homodimers, demonstrating that release requires only one protomer to be functional in stimulating BiP ATPase activity. Co-expressing wild-type ERdj3 and a QPD mutant, which each exclusively formed homodimers, revealed that the release rate of wild-type ERdj3 varied according to the relative half-lives of substrates, suggesting that ERdj3 release is an important step in degradation of unfolded client proteins in the ER. Furthermore, pulse-chase experiments revealed that the binding of QPD mutant homodimers remained constant as opposed to increasing, suggesting that ERdj3 does not normally undergo reiterative binding cycles with substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel H Otero
- From the Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Beata Lizák
- From the Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Matthias J Feige
- From the Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Linda M Hendershot
- From the Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Feige MJ, Buchner J. Principles and engineering of antibody folding and assembly. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1844:2024-2031. [PMID: 24931831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are uniquely suited to serve essential roles in the human immune defense as they combine several specific functions in one hetero-oligomeric protein. Their constant regions activate effector functions and their variable domains provide a stable framework that allows incorporation of highly diverse loop sequences. The combination of non-germline DNA recombination and mutation together with heavy and light chain assembly allows developing variable regions that specifically recognize essentially any antigen they may encounter. However, this diversity also requires tailor-made mechanisms to guarantee that folding and association of antibodies is carefully this diversity also requires tailor-made mechanisms to guarantee that folding and association of antibodies is carefully controlled before the protein is secreted from a plasma cell. Accordingly, the generic immunoglobulin fold β-barrel structure of antibody domains has been fine-tuned during evolution to fit the different requirements. Work over the past decades has identified important aspects of the folding and assembly of antibody domains and chains revealing domain specific variations of a general scheme. The most striking is the folding of an intrinsically disordered antibody domain in the context of its partner domain as the basis for antibody assembly and its control on the molecular level in the cell. These insights have not only allowed a better understanding of the antibody folding process but also provide a wealth of opportunities for rational optimization of antibody molecules. In this review, we summarize current concepts of antibody folding and assembly and discuss how they can be utilized to engineer antibodies with improved performance for different applications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent advances in the molecular engineering of antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J Feige
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis 38105, TN, USA.
| | - Johannes Buchner
- CIPSM at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Feige MJ, Hendershot LM. Quality control of integral membrane proteins by assembly-dependent membrane integration. Mol Cell 2013; 51:297-309. [PMID: 23932713 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-surface multiprotein complexes are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they undergo cotranslational membrane integration and assembly. The quality control mechanisms that oversee these processes remain poorly understood. We show that less hydrophobic transmembrane (TM) regions derived from several single-pass TM proteins can enter the ER lumen completely. Once mislocalized, they are recognized by the Hsp70 chaperone BiP. In a detailed analysis for one of these proteins, the αβT cell receptor (αβTCR), we show that unassembled ER-lumenal subunits are rapidly degraded, whereas specific subunit interactions en route to the native receptor promote membrane integration of the less hydrophobic TM segments, thereby stabilizing the protein. For the TCR α chain, both complete ER import and subunit assembly depend on the same pivotal residue in its TM region. Thus, membrane integration linked to protein assembly allows cellular quality control of membrane proteins and connects the lumenal ER chaperone machinery to membrane protein biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J Feige
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Marcinowski M, Rosam M, Seitz C, Elferich J, Behnke J, Bello C, Feige MJ, Becker CFW, Antes I, Buchner J. Conformational selection in substrate recognition by Hsp70 chaperones. J Mol Biol 2012. [PMID: 23207294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hsp70s are molecular chaperones involved in the folding and assembly of proteins. They recognize hydrophobic amino acid stretches in their substrate binding groove. However, a detailed understanding of substrate specificity is still missing. Here, we use the endoplasmic reticulum-resident Hsp70 BiP to identify binding sites in a natural client protein. Two sites are mutually recognized and form stable Hsp70-substrate complexes. In silico and in vitro analyses revealed an extended substrate conformation as a crucial factor for interaction and show an unexpected plasticity of the substrate binding groove. The basic binding mechanism is conserved among different Hsp70s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Marcinowski
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS) is an autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative, multisystem disorder characterized by severe phenotypes developing in infancy. Recently, mutations in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated co-chaperone SIL1/BAP were identified to be the major cause of MSS. SIL1 acts as a nucleotide exchange factor for BiP, the ER Hsp70 orthologue, which plays an essential role in the folding and assembly of nascent polypeptide chains in the ER. SIL1 facilitates the release of BiP from unfolded protein substrates, enabling the subsequent folding and transport of the protein. Although most mutations leading to MSS result in deletion of the majority of the protein, three separate mutations have been identified that disrupt only the last five or six amino acids of the protein, which were assumed to encode a divergent ER retention motif. This study presents an in depth analysis of two of these mutants and reveals that the phenotype in the affected individuals is not likely to be due to depletion of SIL1 from the ER via secretion. Instead, our analyses show that the mutant proteins are particularly unstable and either form large aggregates in the ER or are rapidly degraded via the proteasome. In agreement with our findings, homology modeling suggests that the very C-terminal residues of SIL1 play a role in its structural integrity rather than its localization. These new insights might be a first step toward a possible pharmacological treatment of certain types of MSS by specifically stabilizing the mutant SIL1 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Howes
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Marcinowski M, Höller M, Feige MJ, Baerend D, Lamb DC, Buchner J. Substrate discrimination of the chaperone BiP by autonomous and cochaperone-regulated conformational transitions. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2011; 18:150-8. [PMID: 21217698 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is the site of folding, assembly and quality control for proteins of the secretory pathway. The ATP-regulated Hsp70 chaperone BiP (heavy chain-binding protein), together with cochaperones, has important roles in all of these processes. The functional cycle of Hsp70s is determined by conformational transitions that are required for substrate binding and release. Here, we used the intrinsically disordered C(H)1 domain of antibodies as an authentic substrate protein and analyzed the conformational cycle of BiP by single-molecule and ensemble Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements. Nucleotide binding resulted in concerted domain movements of BiP. Conformational transitions of the lid domain allowed BiP to discriminate between peptide and protein substrates. A major BiP cochaperone in antibody folding, ERdj3, modulated the conformational space of BiP in a nucleotide-dependent manner, placing the lid subdomain in an open, protein-accepting state.
Collapse
|
41
|
Feige MJ, Hendershot LM, Buchner J. Response to Corcos: exceptions to the rules. Trends Biochem Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
42
|
Bertz M, Chen J, Feige MJ, Franzmann TM, Buchner J, Rief M. Structural and Mechanical Hierarchies in the α-Crystallin Domain Dimer of the Hyperthermophilic Small Heat Shock Protein Hsp16.5. J Mol Biol 2010; 400:1046-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
43
|
Abstract
B cells use unconventional strategies for the production of a seemingly unlimited number of antibodies from a very limited amount of DNA. These methods dramatically increase the likelihood of producing proteins that cannot fold or assemble appropriately. B cells are therefore particularly dependent on 'quality control' mechanisms to oversee antibody production. Recent in vitro experiments demonstrate that Ig domains have evolved diverse folding strategies ranging from robust spontaneous folding to intrinsically disordered domains that require assembly with their partner domains to fold; in vivo experiments reveal that these different folding characteristics form the basis for cellular checkpoints in Ig transport. Taken together, these reports provide a detailed understanding of how B cells monitor and ensure the functional fidelity of Ig proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J Feige
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Feige MJ, Groscurth S, Marcinowski M, Shimizu Y, Kessler H, Hendershot LM, Buchner J. An unfolded CH1 domain controls the assembly and secretion of IgG antibodies. Mol Cell 2009; 34:569-79. [PMID: 19524537 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A prerequisite for antibody secretion and function is their assembly into a defined quaternary structure, composed of two heavy and two light chains for IgG. Unassembled heavy chains are actively retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we show that the C(H)1 domain of the heavy chain is intrinsically disordered in vitro, which sets it apart from other antibody domains. It folds only upon interaction with the light-chain C(L) domain. Structure formation proceeds via a trapped intermediate and can be accelerated by the ER-specific peptidyl-prolyl isomerase cyclophilin B. The molecular chaperone BiP recognizes incompletely folded states of the C(H)1 domain and competes for binding to the C(L) domain. In vivo experiments demonstrate that requirements identified for folding the C(H)1 domain in vitro, including association with a folded C(L) domain and isomerization of a conserved proline residue, are essential for antibody assembly and secretion in the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J Feige
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Feige MJ, Groscurth S, Marcinowski M, Yew ZT, Truffault V, Paci E, Kessler H, Buchner J. The structure of a folding intermediate provides insight into differences in immunoglobulin amyloidogenicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:13373-8. [PMID: 18768806 PMCID: PMC2533197 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0802809105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Folding intermediates play a key role in defining protein folding and assembly pathways as well as those of misfolding and aggregation. Yet, due to their transient nature, they are poorly accessible to high-resolution techniques. Here, we made use of the intrinsically slow folding reaction of an antibody domain to characterize its major folding intermediate in detail. Furthermore, by a single point mutation we were able to trap the intermediate in equilibrium and characterize it at atomic resolution. The intermediate exhibits the basic beta-barrel topology, yet some strands are distorted. Surprisingly, two short strand-connecting helices conserved in constant antibody domains assume their completely native structure already in the intermediate, thus providing a scaffold for adjacent strands. By transplanting these helical elements into beta(2)-microglobulin, a highly homologous member of the same superfamily, we drastically reduced its amyloidogenicity. Thus, minor structural differences in an intermediate can shape the folding landscape decisively to favor either folding or misfolding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J. Feige
- *Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany; and
| | - Sandra Groscurth
- *Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany; and
| | - Moritz Marcinowski
- *Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany; and
| | - Zu Thur Yew
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Truffault
- *Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany; and
| | - Emanuele Paci
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Horst Kessler
- *Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany; and
| | - Johannes Buchner
- *Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany; and
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Feige MJ, Paci E. Rate of loop formation in peptides: a simulation study. J Mol Biol 2008; 382:556-65. [PMID: 18644378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Experimental techniques with high temporal and spatial resolution extend our knowledge of how biological macromolecules self-organise and function. Here, we provide an illustration of the convergence between simulation and experiment made possible by techniques such as triplet-triplet energy transfer and fluorescence quenching with long-lifetime and fast-quenching fluorescent probes. These techniques have recently been used to determine the average time needed for two residues in a peptide or protein segment to form a contact. The timescale of this process is accessible to computer simulation, providing a microscopic interpretation of the data and yielding new insight into the disordered state of proteins. Conversely, such experimental data also provide a test of the validity of alternative choices for the molecular models used in simulations, indicating their possible deficiencies. We carried out simulations of peptides of various composition and length using several models. End-to-end contact formation rates and their dependence on peptide length agree with experimental estimates for some sequences and some force fields but not for others. The deviations are due to artefactual structuring of some peptides, which is not observed when an atomistic model for the solvation water is used. Simulations show that the observed experimental rates are compatible with considerably different distributions of the end-to-end distance; for realistic models, these are never Gaussian but indicative of a rugged energy landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J Feige
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Feige MJ, Hagn F, Esser J, Kessler H, Buchner J. Influence of the Internal Disulfide Bridge on the Folding Pathway of the CL Antibody Domain. J Mol Biol 2007; 365:1232-44. [PMID: 17112539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide bridges are one of the most important factors stabilizing the native structure of a protein. Whereas the basis for their stabilizing effect is well understood, their role in a protein folding reaction still seems to require further attention. We used the constant domain of the antibody light chain (C(L)), a representative of the ubiquitous immunoglobulin (Ig)-superfamily, to delineate the kinetic role of its single buried disulfide bridge. Independent of its redox state, the monomeric C(L) domain adopts a typical Ig-fold under native conditions and does not retain significant structural elements when unfolded. Interestingly, its folding pathway is strongly influenced by the disulfide bridge. The more stable oxidized protein folds via a highly structured on-pathway intermediate, whereas the destabilized reduced protein populates a misfolded off-pathway species on its way to the native state. In both cases, the formation of the intermediate species is shown to be independent of the isomerization state of the Tyr(141)-Pro(142) bond. Our results demonstrate that the internal disulfide bridge in an antibody domain restricts the folding pathway by bringing residues of the folding nucleus into proximity thus facilitating the way to the native state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J Feige
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
The immunoglobulin C(H)2 domain is a simple model system suitable for the study of the folding of all-beta-proteins. Its structure consists of two beta-sheets forming a greek-key beta-barrel, which is stabilized by an internal disulfide bridge located in the hydrophobic core. Crystal structures of various antibodies suggest that the C(H)2 domains of the two heavy chains interact with their sugar moieties and form a homodimer. Here, we show that the isolated, unglycosylated C(H)2 domain is a monomeric protein. Equilibrium unfolding was a two-state process, and the conformational stability is remarkably low compared to other antibody domains. Folding kinetics of C(H)2 were found to consist of several phases. The reactions could be mapped to three parallel pathways, two of which are generated by prolyl isomerizations in the unfolded state. The slowest folding reaction, which was observed only after long-term denaturation, could be catalyzed by a prolyl isomerase. The majority of the unfolded molecules, however, folded more rapidly, on a time-scale of minutes. Presumably, these molecules also have to undergo prolyl isomerization before reaching the native state. In addition, we detected a small number of fast-folding molecules in which all proline residues appear to be in the correct conformation. On both prolyl isomerization limited pathways, the formation of partly structured intermediates could be observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J Feige
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|