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Promsuwan S, Sawamoto K, Xu L, Nagashimada M, Nagata N, Takiyama Y. A natural Nrf2 activator glucoraphanin improves hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-induced obese male mice associated with AMPK activation. Diabetol Int 2024; 15:86-98. [PMID: 38264234 PMCID: PMC10800329 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-023-00658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Genetic and pharmacological activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 (Nrf2) alleviates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice; however, synthetic Nrf2 activators are not clinically available due to safety concerns. Dietary glucoraphanin (GR), a naturally occurring compound found in cruciferous vegetables that activates Nrf2 and induces its target antioxidant genes. We previously demonstrated that GR increased thermogenesis and mitigated HFD-induced obesity in lean healthy mice. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of GR on pre-existing obesity and associated metabolic disorders, such as hepatic steatosis, with or without low-fat dietary intervention. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed an HFD for 9 weeks to induce obesity. Subsequently, these obese mice were fed either the HFD or a normal chow diet, supplemented with or without GR, for an additional 11 weeks. GR supplementation did not decrease the body weight of HFD-fed mice; however, it significantly reduced plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels and hepatic triglyceride accumulation. These improvements in liver damage by GR were associated with decreased expression levels of fatty acid synthesis genes and proinflammatory chemokine genes, suppressed c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation, and reduced proinflammatory phenotypes of macrophages in the liver. Moreover, metabolome analysis identified increased hepatic levels of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) in HFD-GR mice compared with those in HFD mice, which agreed with increased phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase. Our results show that GR may have a therapeutic potential for treating obesity-associated hepatic steatosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-023-00658-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suratsawadee Promsuwan
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuki Sawamoto
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510 Japan
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang China
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-0942 Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640 Japan
| | - Yumi Takiyama
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510 Japan
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2
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Ni Y, Zhuge F, Ni L, Nagata N, Yamashita T, Mukaida N, Kaneko S, Ota T, Nagashimada M. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 interaction protects against lipotoxicity-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating macrophage migration and M1/M2 status. Metabolism 2022; 136:155272. [PMID: 35914622 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1) and its receptor CX3CR1 regulate the migration and activation of immune cells and are involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the mechanism remains elusive. Here, the roles of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 in the macrophage migration and polarization in the livers of NASH mice were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression of Cx3cl1 and Cx3cr1 was markedly upregulated in the livers of lipotoxicity-induced NASH mice. CX3CR1 was predominantly expressed by F4/80+ macrophages and to a lesser degree by hepatic stellate cells or endothelial cells in the livers of NASH mice. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that, compared with chow-fed mice, NASH mice exhibited a significant increase in CX3CR1+ expression by liver macrophages (LMs), particularly M1 LMs. CX3CR1 deficiency caused a significant increase in inflammatory monocyte/macrophage infiltration and a shift toward M1 dominant macrophages in the liver, thereby exacerbating the progression of NASH. Moreover, transplantation of Cx3cr1-/- bone marrow was sufficient to cause glucose intolerance, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver. In addition, deletion of CCL2 in Cx3cr1-/- mice alleviated NASH progression by decreasing macrophage infiltration and inducing a shift toward M2 dominant LMs. Importantly, overexpression of CX3CL1 in vivo protected against hepatic fibrosis in NASH. CONCLUSION Pharmacological therapy targeting liver CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling might be a candidate for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China; Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Liyang Ni
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan.
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Xu L, Chen Y, Nagashimada M, Ni Y, Zhuge F, Chen G, Li H, Pan T, Yamashita T, Mukaida N, Kaneko S, Ota T, Nagata N. CC chemokine ligand 3 deficiency ameliorates diet-induced steatohepatitis by regulating liver macrophage recruitment and M1/M2 status in mice. Metabolism 2021; 125:154914. [PMID: 34656648 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing. Chemokines and their receptors have potential as therapeutic targets of NAFLD. We investigated the role of CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) in the development of murine and human NAFLD. METHODS CCL3-knockout mice (CCL3-/-) and littermate CCL3 wild-type control mice (WT) were fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat (CL) diet for 16 weeks to induce NAFLD. We investigated the impact of CCL3 gene deletion in bone marrow cells and leptin-deficient ob/ob mice on CL diet-induced steatohepatitis. We assayed the serum CCL3 levels in 36 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and nine healthy control subjects. RESULTS Compared with normal chow (NC), the CL diet induced steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis and elevated the plasma CCL3 level. In the liver, CCL3 protein colocalized with F4/80+ macrophages, especially CD11c+ M1-like macrophages, rather than other cell types. CCL3-/- attenuated CL diet-induced steatohepatitis and fibrosis associated with M2-dominant liver macrophages compared with the WT. The reconstitution of bone marrow (BM) cells from CCL3-/- attenuated steatohepatitis in WT mice fed a CL diet. Furthermore, crossing CCL3-/- onto the ob/ob background prevented CL diet-induced NAFLD in ob/ob mice, which was associated with a lesser inflammatory phenotype of liver macrophages. Also, the serum and hepatic levels of CCL3 were significantly increased in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) compared to those with simple fatty liver (NAFL) and healthy subjects. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that CCL3 facilitates macrophage infiltration into the liver and M1 polarization in the progression of steatohepatitis and highlight the need for further studies to determine the effect of CCL3-CCR1 and -CCR5 signaling blockade on the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yongping Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yinhua Ni
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Guanliang Chen
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Haoran Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tongtong Pan
- First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan.
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Nagashimada M, Honda M. Effect of Microbiome on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Biogenics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158008. [PMID: 34360773 PMCID: PMC8348401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, steatohepatitis, and liver fibrosis. Liver-resident (Kupffer cells) and recruited macrophages contribute to low-grade chronic inflammation in various tissues by modulating macrophage polarization, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Abnormalities in the intestinal environment, such as the gut microbiota, metabolites, and immune system, are also involved in the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD. Hepatic macrophage activation is induced by the permeation of antigens, endotoxins, and other proinflammatory substances into the bloodstream as a result of increased intestinal permeability. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of the gut–liver axis in influencing macrophage activity, which is central to the pathogenesis of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Not only probiotics but also biogenics (heat-killed lactic acid bacteria) are effective in ameliorating the progression of NASH. Here we review the effect of hepatic macrophages/Kupffer cells, other immune cells, intestinal permeability, and immunity on NAFLD and NASH and the impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and biogenesis on those diseases.
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Uesaka T, Okamoto M, Nagashimada M, Tsuda Y, Kihara M, Kiyonari H, Enomoto H. Enhanced enteric neurogenesis by Schwann cell precursors in mouse models of Hirschsprung disease. Glia 2021; 69:2575-2590. [PMID: 34272903 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is characterized by congenital absence of enteric neurons in distal portions of the gut. Although recent studies identified Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) as a novel cellular source of enteric neurons, it is unknown how SCPs contribute to the disease phenotype of HSCR. Using Schwann cell-specific genetic labeling, we investigated SCP-derived neurogenesis in two mouse models of HSCR; Sox10 haploinsufficient mice exhibiting distal colonic aganglionosis and Ednrb knockout mice showing small intestinal aganglionosis. We also examined Ret dependency in SCP-derived neurogenesis using mice displaying intestinal aganglionosis in which Ret expression was conditionally removed in the Schwann cell lineage. SCP-derived neurons were abundant in the transition zone lying between the ganglionated and aganglionic segments, although SCP-derived neurogenesis was scarce in the aganglionic region. In the transition zone, SCPs mainly gave rise to nitrergic neurons that are rarely observed in the SCP-derived neurons under the normal condition. Enhanced SCP-derived neurogenesis was also detected in the transition zone of mice lacking RET expression in the Schwann cell lineage. Increased SCP-derived neurogenesis in the transition zone suggests that reduction in the vagal neural crest-derived enteric neurons promotes SCP-derived neurogenesis. SCPs may adopt a neuronal subtype by responding to changes in the gut environment. Robust SCP-derived neurogenesis can occur in a Ret-independent manner, which suggests that SCPs are a cellular source to compensate for missing enteric neurons in HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Uesaka
- Division for Neural Differentiation and Regeneration, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Okamoto
- Division for Neural Differentiation and Regeneration, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Society, Himeji Hospital, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Division for Neural Differentiation and Regeneration, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tsuda
- Division for Neural Differentiation and Regeneration, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Miho Kihara
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideki Enomoto
- Division for Neural Differentiation and Regeneration, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Nagashimada M, Sawamoto K, Ni Y, Kitade H, Nagata N, Xu L, Kobori M, Mukaida N, Yamashita T, Kaneko S, Ota T. CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Signaling Deficiency Exacerbates Obesity-induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6188411. [PMID: 33765141 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 system plays an important role in disease progression by regulating inflammation both positively and negatively. We reported previously that C-C chemokine receptors 2 and 5 promote obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Here, we demonstrate that CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling is involved in adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in obese mice via adipose tissue macrophage recruitment and M1/M2 polarization. Cx3cl1 expression was persistently decreased in the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) of high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, despite increased expression of other chemokines. Interestingly, in Cx3cr1-/- mice, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis induced by DIO or leptin deficiency were exacerbated. CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling deficiency resulted in reduced M2-polarized macrophage migration and an M1-dominant shift of macrophages within eWAT. Furthermore, transplantation of Cx3cr1-/- bone marrow was sufficient to impair glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and regulation of M1/M2 status. Moreover, Cx3cl1 administration in vivo led to the attenuation of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Thus, therapy targeting the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 system may be beneficial in the treatment of type 2 diabetes by regulating M1/M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Nagashimada
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sawamoto
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yinhua Ni
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- College of Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hironori Kitade
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Liang Xu
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masuko Kobori
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Takata N, Ishii KA, Takayama H, Nagashimada M, Kamoshita K, Tanaka T, Kikuchi A, Takeshita Y, Matsumoto Y, Ota T, Yamamoto Y, Yamagoe S, Seki A, Sakai Y, Kaneko S, Takamura T. LECT2 as a hepatokine links liver steatosis to inflammation via activating tissue macrophages in NASH. Sci Rep 2021; 11:555. [PMID: 33436955 PMCID: PMC7804418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains unclear how hepatic steatosis links to inflammation. Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) is a hepatokine that senses fat in the liver and is upregulated prior to weight gain. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of LECT2 in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In human liver biopsy samples, elevated LECT2 mRNA levels were positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) and increased in patients who have steatosis and inflammation in the liver. LECT2 mRNA levels were also positively correlated with the mRNA levels of the inflammatory genes CCR2 and TLR4. In C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat diet, mRNA levels of the inflammatory cytokines Tnfa and Nos2 were significantly lower in Lect2 KO mice. In flow cytometry analyses, the number of M1-like macrophages and M1/M2 ratio were significantly lower in Lect2 KO mice than in WT mice. In KUP5, mouse kupffer cell line, LECT2 selectively enhanced the LPS-induced phosphorylation of JNK, but not that of ERK and p38. Consistently, LECT2 enhanced the LPS-induced phosphorylation of MKK4 and TAB2, upstream activators of JNK. Hepatic expression of LECT2 is upregulated in association with the inflammatory signature in human liver tissues. The elevation of LECT2 shifts liver residual macrophage to the M1-like phenotype, and contributes to the development of liver inflammation. These findings shed light on the hepatokine LECT2 as a potential therapeutic target that can dissociate liver steatosis from inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Takata
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kiyo-Aki Ishii
- Department of Integrative Medicine for Longevity, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takayama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
- Life Sciences Division, Engineering and Technology Department, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Technology Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science and Technology, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kamoshita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takeo Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kikuchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yumie Takeshita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yukako Matsumoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamagoe
- Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Akihiro Seki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.
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Sakai Y, Arie H, Ni Y, Zhuge F, Xu L, Chen G, Nagata N, Suzuki T, Kaneko S, Ota T, Nagashimada M. Lactobacillus pentosus strain S-PT84 improves steatohepatitis by maintaining gut permeability. J Endocrinol 2020; 247:169-181. [PMID: 33032263 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction is closely related to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Gut immunity has been recently demonstrated to regulate gut barrier function. The Lactobacillus pentosus strain S-PT84 activates helper T cells and natural killer/natural killer T cells. In this study, we examined the effect of S-PT84 on NASH progression induced by high-cholesterol/high-fat diet (CL), focusing on the immune responses involved in gut barrier function. C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal chow or CL diet with or without 1 × 1010 S-PT84 for 22 weeks. S-PT84 administration improved hepatic steatosis by decreasing triglyceride and free fatty acid levels by 34% and 37%, respectively. Furthermore, S-PT84 inhibited the development of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, suppressed F4/80+ macrophage/Kupffer cell infiltration, and reduced liver hydroxyproline content. Administration of S-PT84 alleviated hyperinsulinemia and enhanced hepatic insulin signalling. Compared with mice fed CL diet, mice fed CL+S-PT84 had 71% more CD11c-CD206+ M2 macrophages, resulting in a significantly decreased M1/M2 macrophage ratio in the liver. Moreover, S-PT84 inhibited the CL diet-mediated increase in intestinal permeability. Additionally, S-PT84 reduced the recruitment of interleukin-17-producing T cells and increased the levels of intestinal tight junction proteins, including zonula occludens-1, occludin, claudin-3, and claudin-7. In conclusion, our findings suggest that S-PT84 attenuates diet-induced insulin resistance and subsequent NASH development by maintaining gut permeability. Thus, S-PT84 represents a feasible approach to prevent the development of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Sakai
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Arie
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yinhua Ni
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Liang Xu
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Guanliang Chen
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Sakai Y, Chen G, Ni Y, Zhuge F, Xu L, Nagata N, Kaneko S, Ota T, Nagashimada M. DPP-4 Inhibition with Anagliptin Reduces Lipotoxicity-Induced Insulin Resistance and Steatohepatitis in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5892311. [PMID: 32790863 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Excessive hepatic lipid accumulation drives the innate immune system and aggravates insulin resistance, hepatic inflammation, and fibrogenesis, leading to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) regulates glucose metabolism and is expressed in many different cell types, including the cells of the immune system. In addition, DPP-4 may be involved in macrophage-mediated inflammation and insulin resistance. This study investigated the effects of anagliptin (Ana), an inhibitor of DPP-4, on macrophage polarity and phenotype in the livers of mice with steatohepatitis. We investigated the effects of Ana on steatohepatitis induced via a high-cholesterol high-fat (CL) diet or a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined, high-fat (CDAHF) diet. DPP-4 activity, liver histology, and insulin sensitivity were evaluated, and liver DPP-4+ macrophages were quantified using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Liver and plasma DPP-4 activity increased significantly in mice on both diets. FACS revealed that, compared with chow-fed mice, the CL-fed mice exhibited a significant increase in the proportion of DPP-4+ liver macrophages, particularly the M1-type macrophages. Ana decreased hepatic lipid and M1 macrophage accumulation and stimulated M2 macrophage accumulation in the liver, thereby attenuating insulin resistance, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis. Importantly, Ana alleviated hepatic fibrosis and steatohepatitis in mice fed CL diet and CDAHF diet. Using Ana to inhibit DPP-4 reduced lipotoxicity-induced hepatic insulin resistance through regulating the M1/M2 macrophage status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Sakai
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Guanliang Chen
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yinhua Ni
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Division of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
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10
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Ni Y, Zhuge F, Nagashimada M, Nagata N, Xu L, Yamamoto S, Fuke N, Ushida Y, Suganuma H, Kaneko S, Ota T. Lycopene prevents the progression of lipotoxicity-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by decreasing oxidative stress in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:571-582. [PMID: 31790829 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive fatty acid uptake-induced oxidative stress causes liver injury and the consecutive recruitment of inflammatory immune cells, thereby promoting the progression of simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Lycopene, the most effective singlet oxygen scavenger of the antioxidant carotenoids, has anti-inflammatory activity. Here, we investigated the preventive and therapeutic effects of lycopene in a lipotoxic model of NASH: mice fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet. Lycopene alleviated excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and enhanced lipolysis, decreased the proportion of M1-type macrophages/Kupffer cells, and activated stellate cells to improve hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, and subsequently reduced the recruitment of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the liver. Importantly, lycopene reversed insulin resistance, as well as hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, in pre-existing NASH. In parallel, lycopene decreased LPS-/IFN-γ-/TNFα-induced M1 marker mRNA levels in peritoneal macrophages, as well as TGF-β1-induced expression of fibrogenic genes in a stellate cell line, in a dose-dependent manner. These results were associated with decreased oxidative stress in cells, which might be mediated by the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits. In summary, lycopene prevented and reversed lipotoxicity-induced inflammation and fibrosis in NASH mice by reducing oxidative stress. Therefore, it might be a novel and promising treatment for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Ni
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan; College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan; Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan; Division of Health Science, Graduate of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-0942, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Liang Xu
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Sayo Yamamoto
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD, Nasushiobara, 329-2762, Japan
| | - Nobuo Fuke
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD, Nasushiobara, 329-2762, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ushida
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD, Nasushiobara, 329-2762, Japan
| | | | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan; Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan.
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11
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Nishikawa T, Nagata N, Shimakami T, Shirakura T, Matsui C, Ni Y, Zhuge F, Xu L, Chen G, Nagashimada M, Yamashita T, Sakai Y, Yamashita T, Mizukoshi E, Honda M, Kaneko S, Ota T. Xanthine oxidase inhibition attenuates insulin resistance and diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:815. [PMID: 31965018 PMCID: PMC6972756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia drives the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Pharmacological inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO), a rate-limiting enzyme for uric acid (UA) production, has been demonstrated to improve hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obese mice. However, it remains unclear whether inhibition of XO improves nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more advanced form of NAFLD, in terms of both liver inflammation and fibrosis. Here, we investigated the effects of febuxostat and allopurinol, two XO inhibitors clinically used for gout, on a mouse model of NASH. Furthermore, we conducted a single-arm, open-label intervention study with febuxostat for NAFLD patients with hyperuricemia. Despite a similar hypouricemic effect of the XO inhibitors on blood UA level, febuxostat, but not allopurinol, significantly decreased hepatic XO activity and UA levels in the NASH model mice. These reductions in hepatic XO activity and UA levels were accompanied by attenuation of insulin resistance, lipid peroxidation, and classically activated M1-like macrophage accumulation in the liver. Furthermore, in NAFLD patients with hyperuricemia, treatment with febuxostat for 24 weeks decreased the serum UA level, accompanied by reductions in the serum levels of liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. XO may represent a promising therapeutic target in NAFLD/NASH, especially in patients with hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Nishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shimakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Shirakura
- Pharmaceutical Development Research Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Japan
| | - Chieko Matsui
- Pharmaceutical Development Research Laboratories, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Japan
| | - Yinhua Ni
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Guanliang Chen
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan. .,Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
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12
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Chen G, Ni Y, Nagata N, Zhuge F, Xu L, Nagashimada M, Yamamoto S, Ushida Y, Fuke N, Suganuma H, Kaneko S, Ota T. Lycopene Alleviates Obesity‐Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance by Regulating M1/M2 Status of Macrophages. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900602. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanliang Chen
- Department of Cell Metabolism and NutritionAdvanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research CenterKanazawa University Kanazawa 920–8640 Japan
| | - Yinhua Ni
- Department of Cell Metabolism and NutritionAdvanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research CenterKanazawa University Kanazawa 920–8640 Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cell Metabolism and NutritionAdvanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research CenterKanazawa University Kanazawa 920–8640 Japan
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Department of Cell Metabolism and NutritionAdvanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research CenterKanazawa University Kanazawa 920–8640 Japan
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Cell Metabolism and NutritionAdvanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research CenterKanazawa University Kanazawa 920–8640 Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Department of Cell Metabolism and NutritionAdvanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research CenterKanazawa University Kanazawa 920–8640 Japan
| | - Sayo Yamamoto
- Innovation Division KAGOME CO., LTD. Nasushiobara 329–2762 Japan
| | - Yusuke Ushida
- Innovation Division KAGOME CO., LTD. Nasushiobara 329–2762 Japan
| | - Nobuo Fuke
- Innovation Division KAGOME CO., LTD. Nasushiobara 329–2762 Japan
| | | | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Cell Metabolism and NutritionAdvanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research CenterKanazawa University Kanazawa 920–8640 Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Department of Cell Metabolism and NutritionAdvanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research CenterKanazawa University Kanazawa 920–8640 Japan
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of MedicineAsahikawa Medical University Asahikawa 078–8510 Japan
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13
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Xu L, Nagata N, Chen G, Nagashimada M, Zhuge F, Ni Y, Sakai Y, Kaneko S, Ota T. Empagliflozin reverses obesity and insulin resistance through fat browning and alternative macrophage activation in mice fed a high-fat diet. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019; 7:e000783. [PMID: 31749970 PMCID: PMC6827766 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We reported previously that empagliflozin-a sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor-exhibited preventive effects against obesity. However, it was difficult to extrapolate these results to human subjects. Here, we performed a therapeutic study, which is more relevant to clinical situations in humans, to investigate antiobesity effects of empagliflozin and illustrate the mechanism underlying empagliflozin-mediated enhanced fat browning in obese mice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS After 8 weeks on a high-fat diet (HFD), C57BL/6J mice exhibited obesity, accompanied by insulin resistance and low-grade chronic inflammation. Cohorts of obese mice were continued on the HFD for an additional 8-week treatment period with or without empagliflozin. RESULTS Treatment with empagliflozin for 8 weeks markedly increased glucose excretion in urine, and suppressed HFD-induced weight gain, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Notably, empagliflozin enhanced oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production, leading to increased energy expenditure. Consistently, the level of uncoupling protein 1 expression was increased in both brown and white (WAT) adipose tissues of empagliflozin-treated mice. Furthermore, empagliflozin decreased plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, but increased plasma levels of IL-33 and adiponectin in obese mice. Finally, we found that empagliflozin reduced M1-polarized macrophage accumulation, while inducing the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype of macrophages in the WAT and liver, thereby attenuating obesity-related chronic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with empagliflozin attenuated weight gain by increasing energy expenditure and adipose tissue browning, and alleviated obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance by alternative macrophage activation in the WAT and liver of obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Guanliang Chen
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yinhua Ni
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sakai
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
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14
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Nagashimada M, Ota T. Role of vitamin E in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. IUBMB Life 2018; 71:516-522. [PMID: 30592129 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. NAFLD manifests as hepatic lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, and inflammation, and can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of NAFLD, including those that drive its progression, are unclear. Both liver-resident (Kupffer cells) and recruited macrophages play a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance and NASH. Therefore, NALFD could potentially be ameliorated by modifying the polarization of macrophages/Kupffer cells. Reactive oxygen species induce oxidative stress, which is implicated in the progression of NASH. Micronutrients, including vitamins, are potent antioxidants that exert anti-inflammatory effects, and are used in the treatment of NAFLD. We review here the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the potential utility of vitamin E in its prevention and/or treatment. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(4):516-522, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Nagashimada
- Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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15
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Nagashimada M, Ueda T, Ishita Y, Sakurai H. TAF7 is a heat‐inducible unstable protein and is required for sustained expression of heat shock protein genes. FEBS J 2018; 285:3215-3224. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Nagashimada
- Division of Health Sciences Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science Ishikawa Japan
| | - Takumi Ueda
- Division of Health Sciences Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science Ishikawa Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ishita
- Division of Health Sciences Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science Ishikawa Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakurai
- Division of Health Sciences Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science Ishikawa Japan
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16
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Xu L, Nagata N, Nagashimada M, Zhuge F, Ni Y, Chen G, Kamei J, Ishikawa H, Komatsu Y, Kaneko S, Ota T. A porcine placental extract prevents steatohepatitis by suppressing activation of macrophages and stellate cells in mice. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15047-15060. [PMID: 29599925 PMCID: PMC5871096 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by ectopic fat accumulation in the liver. NAFLD is associated with hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress, resulting in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with advanced fibrosis. Placental extracts have been used to treat various chronic diseases due to their antioxidative effect. However, the effects of the extracts on the development of NASH have yet to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that supplementation with an oral porcine placental extract (PPE) attenuated lipid accumulation and peroxidation, insulin resistance, inflammatory and stress signaling, and fibrogenesis in the liver of NASH model mice fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet. The PPE reduced the number of M1-like liver macrophages, but increased the number of anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages, resulting in a predominance of M2 over M1 macrophage populations in the liver of NASH mice. Accordingly, the PPE suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced M1 polarization in isolated murine peritoneal macrophages, whereas it facilitated interleukin 4-induced M2 polarization. Furthermore, the PPE reduced the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation associated with the attenuated transforming growth factor-β/Smad3 signaling, both in the liver of NASH mice and in RI-T cells, a HSC line. The PPE may be a potential approach to prevent NASH by limiting lipid peroxidation, promoting M2 macrophage polarization, and attenuating HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yinhua Ni
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Guanliang Chen
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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17
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Xu L, Nagata N, Nagashimada M, Zhuge F, Ni Y, Chen G, Mayoux E, Kaneko S, Ota T. SGLT2 Inhibition by Empagliflozin Promotes Fat Utilization and Browning and Attenuates Inflammation and Insulin Resistance by Polarizing M2 Macrophages in Diet-induced Obese Mice. EBioMedicine 2017; 20:137-149. [PMID: 28579299 PMCID: PMC5478253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors increase urinary glucose excretion (UGE), leading to blood glucose reductions and weight loss. However, the impacts of SGLT2 inhibition on energy homeostasis and obesity-induced insulin resistance are less well known. Here, we show that empagliflozin, a SGLT2 inhibitor, enhanced energy expenditure and attenuated inflammation and insulin resistance in high-fat-diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. C57BL/6J mice were pair-fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a HFD with empagliflozin for 16weeks. Empagliflozin administration increased UGE in the DIO mice, whereas it suppressed HFD-induced weight gain, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. Moreover, empagliflozin shifted energy metabolism towards fat utilization, elevated AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carbolxylase phosphorylation in skeletal muscle, and increased hepatic and plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 levels. Importantly, empagliflozin increased energy expenditure, heat production, and the expression of uncoupling protein 1 in brown fat and in inguinal and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT). Furthermore, empagliflozin reduced M1-polarized macrophage accumulation while inducing the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype of macrophages within WAT and liver, lowering plasma TNFα levels and attenuating obesity-related chronic inflammation. Thus, empagliflozin suppressed weight gain by enhancing fat utilization and browning and attenuated obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance by polarizing M2 macrophages in WAT and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yinhua Ni
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Guanliang Chen
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Eric Mayoux
- Boehringer-Ingelheim, Cardio-metabolic Diseases Research, Biberach, Germany
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; Department of System Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan.
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18
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Nagata N, Xu L, Kohno S, Ushida Y, Aoki Y, Umeda R, Fuke N, Zhuge F, Ni Y, Nagashimada M, Takahashi C, Suganuma H, Kaneko S, Ota T. Glucoraphanin Ameliorates Obesity and Insulin Resistance Through Adipose Tissue Browning and Reduction of Metabolic Endotoxemia in Mice. Diabetes 2017; 66:1222-1236. [PMID: 28209760 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade sustained inflammation links obesity to insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, therapeutic approaches to improve systemic energy balance and chronic inflammation in obesity are limited. Pharmacological activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) alleviates obesity and insulin resistance in mice; however, Nrf2 inducers are not clinically available owing to safety concerns. Thus, we examined whether dietary glucoraphanin, a stable precursor of the Nrf2 inducer sulforaphane, ameliorates systemic energy balance, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and NAFLD in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Glucoraphanin supplementation attenuated weight gain, decreased hepatic steatosis, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed wild-type mice but not in HFD-fed Nrf2 knockout mice. Compared with vehicle-treated controls, glucoraphanin-treated HFD-fed mice had lower plasma lipopolysaccharide levels and decreased relative abundance of the gram-negative bacteria family Desulfovibrionaceae in their gut microbiomes. In HFD-fed mice, glucoraphanin increased energy expenditure and the protein expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) in inguinal and epididymal adipose depots. Additionally, in this group, glucoraphanin attenuated hepatic lipogenic gene expression, lipid peroxidation, classically activated M1-like macrophage accumulation, and inflammatory signaling pathways. By promoting fat browning, limiting metabolic endotoxemia-related chronic inflammation, and modulating redox stress, glucoraphanin may mitigate obesity, insulin resistance, and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Kohno
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ushida
- Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yudai Aoki
- Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ryohei Umeda
- Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Nobuo Fuke
- Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yinhua Ni
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suganuma
- Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Zhuge F, Ni Y, Nagashimada M, Nagata N, Xu L, Mukaida N, Kaneko S, Ota T. DPP-4 Inhibition by Linagliptin Attenuates Obesity-Related Inflammation and Insulin Resistance by Regulating M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization. Diabetes 2016; 65:2966-79. [PMID: 27445264 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) cleaves a large number of chemokine and peptide hormones involved in the regulation of the immune system. Additionally, DPP-4 may also be involved in macrophage-mediated inflammation and insulin resistance. Thus, the current study investigated the effect of linagliptin, an inhibitor of DPP-4, on macrophage migration and polarization in white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver of high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. DPP-4(+) macrophages in lean and obese mice were quantified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. DPP-4 was predominantly expressed in F4/80(+) macrophages in crown-like structures compared with adipocytes in WAT of DIO mice. FACS analysis also revealed that, compared with chow-fed mice, DIO mice exhibited a significant increase in DPP-4(+) expression in cells within adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), particularly M1 ATMs. Linagliptin showed a greater DPP-4 inhibition and antioxidative capacity than sitagliptin and reduced M1-polarized macrophage migration while inducing an M2-dominant shift of macrophages within WAT and liver, thereby attenuating obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Loss of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, a chemokine and DPP-4 substrate, in DIO mice abrogated M2 macrophage-polarizing and insulin-sensitizing effects of linagliptin. Therefore, the inhibition of DPP-4 by linagliptin reduced obesity-related insulin resistance and inflammation by regulating M1/M2 macrophage status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhuge
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yinhua Ni
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Ni Y, Nagashimada M, Zhan L, Nagata N, Kobori M, Sugiura M, Ogawa K, Kaneko S, Ota T. Prevention and reversal of lipotoxicity-induced hepatic insulin resistance and steatohepatitis in mice by an antioxidant carotenoid, β-cryptoxanthin. Endocrinology 2015; 156:987-99. [PMID: 25562616 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Excessive hepatic lipid accumulation promotes macrophages/Kupffer cells activation, resulting in exacerbation of insulin resistance and progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, few promising treatment modalities target lipotoxicity-mediated hepatic activation/polarization of macrophages for NASH. Recent epidemiological surveys showed that serum β-cryptoxanthin, an antioxidant carotenoid, was inversely associated with the risks of insulin resistance and liver dysfunction. In the present study, we first showed that β-cryptoxanthin administration ameliorated hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Next, we investigated the preventative and therapeutic effects of β-cryptoxanthin using a lipotoxic model of NASH: mice fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat (CL) diet. After 12 weeks of CL diet feeding, β-cryptoxanthin administration attenuated insulin resistance and excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and peroxidation, with increases in M1-type macrophages/Kupffer cells and activated stellate cells, and fibrosis in CL diet-induced NASH. Comprehensive gene expression analysis showed that β-cryptoxanthin down-regulated macrophage activation signal-related genes significantly without affecting most lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver. Importantly, flow cytometry analysis revealed that, on a CL diet, β-cryptoxanthin caused a predominance of M2 over M1 macrophage populations, in addition to reducing total hepatic macrophage and T-cell contents. In parallel, β-cryptoxanthin decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced M1 marker mRNA expression in peritoneal macrophages, whereas it augmented IL-4-induced M2 marker mRNA expression, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, β-cryptoxanthin reversed steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis progression in preexisting NASH in mice. In conclusion, β-cryptoxanthin prevents and reverses insulin resistance and steatohepatitis, at least in part, through an M2-dominant shift in macrophages/Kupffer cells in a lipotoxic model of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Ni
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition (Y.N., M.N., L.Z., N.N., T.O.), Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, and Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis (Y.N., S.K., T.O.), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan; National Food Research Institute (M.K.), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan; Citrus Research Division (M.S.), National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan; and Grape and Persimmon Research Division (K.O.), National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-2494, Japan
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Nagashimada M, Ohta H, Li C, Nakao K, Uesaka T, Brunet JF, Amiel J, Trochet D, Wakayama T, Enomoto H. Autonomic neurocristopathy-associated mutations in PHOX2B dysregulate Sox10 expression. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:3145-58. [PMID: 22922260 DOI: 10.1172/jci63401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common forms of neurocristopathy in the autonomic nervous system are Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), resulting in congenital loss of enteric ganglia, and neuroblastoma (NB), childhood tumors originating from the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla. The risk for these diseases dramatically increases in patients with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) harboring a nonpolyalanine repeat expansion mutation of the Paired-like homeobox 2b (PHOX2B) gene, but the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis remains unknown. We found that introducing nonpolyalanine repeat expansion mutation of the PHOX2B into the mouse Phox2b locus recapitulates the clinical features of the CCHS associated with HSCR and NB. In mutant embryos, enteric and sympathetic ganglion progenitors showed sustained sex-determining region Y (SRY) box10 (Sox10) expression, with impaired proliferation and biased differentiation toward the glial lineage. Nonpolyalanine repeat expansion mutation of PHOX2B reduced transactivation of wild-type PHOX2B on its known target, dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), in a dominant-negative fashion. Moreover, the introduced mutation converted the transcriptional effect of PHOX2B on a Sox10 enhancer from repression to transactivation. Collectively, these data reveal that nonpolyalanine repeat expansion mutation of PHOX2B is both a dominant-negative and gain-of-function mutation. Our results also demonstrate that Sox10 regulation by PHOX2B is pivotal for the development and pathogenesis of the autonomic ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Nagashimada
- Laboratory for Neuronal Differentiation and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
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22
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Kitade H, Sawamoto K, Nagashimada M, Inoue H, Yamamoto Y, Sai Y, Takamura T, Yamamoto H, Miyamoto KI, Ginsberg HN, Mukaida N, Kaneko S, Ota T. CCR5 plays a critical role in obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance by regulating both macrophage recruitment and M1/M2 status. Diabetes 2012; 61:1680-90. [PMID: 22474027 PMCID: PMC3379680 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR)2 and its ligand, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, are pivotal for adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) recruitment and the development of insulin resistance. However, other chemokine systems also may play a role in these processes. In this study, we investigated the role of CCR5 in obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. We analyzed expression levels of CCR5 and its ligands in white adipose tissue (WAT) of genetically (ob/ob) and high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Furthermore, we examined the metabolic phenotype of Ccr5(-/-) mice. CCR5 and its ligands were markedly upregulated in WAT of DIO and ob/ob mice. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis also revealed that DIO mice had a robust increase in CCR5(+) cells within ATMs compared with chow-fed mice. Furthermore, Ccr5(-/-) mice were protected from insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis induced by HF feeding. The effects of loss of CCR5 were related to both reduction of total ATM content and an M2-dominant shift in ATM polarization. It is noteworthy that transplantation of Ccr5(-/-) bone marrow was sufficient to protect against impaired glucose tolerance. CCR5 plays a critical role in ATM recruitment and polarization and subsequent development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Kitade
- Frontier Science Organization, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sawamoto
- Frontier Science Organization, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Frontier Science Organization, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inoue
- Frontier Science Organization, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Sai
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Henry N. Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Frontier Science Organization, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Corresponding author: Tsuguhito Ota,
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23
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Nagashimada M, Enomoto H. Introducing neurocristopathy-associated PHOX2B mutations in mouse reveals conserved pathogenic effects of mutant PHOX2B on mammalian neural crest cell development. Neurosci Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Uesaka T, Nagashimada M, Yonemura S, Enomoto H. Diminished Ret expression compromises neuronal survival in the colon and causes intestinal aganglionosis in mice. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:1890-8. [PMID: 18414682 DOI: 10.1172/jci34425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the RET gene are the primary cause of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), or congenital intestinal aganglionosis. However, how RET malfunction leads to HSCR is not known. It has recently been shown that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family receptor alpha1 (GFRalpha1), which binds to GDNF and activates RET, is essential for the survival of enteric neurons. In this study, we investigated Ret regulation of enteric neuron survival and its potential involvement in HSCR. Conditional ablation of Ret in postmigratory enteric neurons caused widespread neuronal death in the colon, which led to colonic aganglionosis. To further examine this finding, we generated a mouse model for HSCR by reducing Ret expression levels. These mice recapitulated the genetic and phenotypic features of HSCR and developed colonic aganglionosis due to impaired migration and successive death of enteric neural crest-derived cells. Death of enteric neurons was also induced in the colon, where reduction of Ret expression was induced after the period of enteric neural crest cell migration, indicating that diminished Ret expression directly affected the survival of colonic neurons. Thus, enteric neuron survival is sensitive to RET dosage, and cell death is potentially involved in the etiology of HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Uesaka
- Laboratory for Neuronal Differentiation and Regeneration and Laboratory for Cellular Morphogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
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Vohra BP, Tsuji K, Nagashimada M, Uesaka T, Wind D, Armon J, Enomoto H, Heuckeroth RO. Differential gene expression and functional analysis implicate novel mechanisms in enteric nervous system precursor migration and neuritogenesis. Dev Biol 2006; 298:259-71. [PMID: 16904662 PMCID: PMC1952185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 06/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Enteric nervous system (ENS) development requires complex interactions between migrating neural-crest-derived cells and the intestinal microenvironment. Although some molecules influencing ENS development are known, many aspects remain poorly understood. To identify additional molecules critical for ENS development, we used DNA microarray, quantitative real-time PCR and in situ hybridization to compare gene expression in E14 and P0 aganglionic or wild type mouse intestine. Eighty-three genes were identified with at least two-fold higher expression in wild type than aganglionic bowel. ENS expression was verified for 39 of 42 selected genes by in situ hybridization. Additionally, nine identified genes had higher levels in aganglionic bowel than in WT animals suggesting that intestinal innervation may influence gene expression in adjacent cells. Strikingly, many synaptic function genes were expressed at E14, a time when the ENS is not needed for survival. To test for developmental roles for these genes, we used pharmacologic inhibitors of Snap25 or vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin and found reduced neural-crest-derived cell migration and decreased neurite extension from ENS precursors. These results provide an extensive set of ENS biomarkers, demonstrate a role for SNARE proteins in ENS development and highlight additional candidate genes that could modify Hirschsprung's disease penetrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder P.S. Vohra
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8208, St. Louis, MO 63110 U.S.A
| | - Keiji Tsuji
- Laboratory for Neuronal Differentiation and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Laboratory for Neuronal Differentiation and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Uesaka
- Laboratory for Neuronal Differentiation and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Daniel Wind
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8208, St. Louis, MO 63110 U.S.A
| | - Jennifer Armon
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8208, St. Louis, MO 63110 U.S.A
| | - Hideki Enomoto
- Laboratory for Neuronal Differentiation and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Robert O. Heuckeroth
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8208, St. Louis, MO 63110 U.S.A
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