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Sozzi E, Bartelt L, Xiao J, Kanumuambidi T, Naziripour A, Ruegsegger L, Brown D, Williams F, Zhu Y, Zhu XB, Prakash T, Wood B, Srivastava JC, Stallard MA, Marshall SH, Rudin SD, Sobsey MD, Bonomo RA, van Duin D. The BioWipe: a non-invasive method to detect intestinal carriage of multi-drug resistant GRAM-negative bacteria. J Chemother 2022; 34:203-205. [PMID: 34825621 PMCID: PMC9035027 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2021.2008643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Sozzi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Luther Bartelt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jamie Xiao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Trey Kanumuambidi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Arash Naziripour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Laura Ruegsegger
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dylan Brown
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Felicia Williams
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yuang Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xiao Bin Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tarun Prakash
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Berkley Wood
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jatin Chandra Srivastava
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Megan A. Stallard
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Steven H. Marshall
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Susan D. Rudin
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mark D. Sobsey
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Bonomo
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Western Reserve University -Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES) Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David van Duin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Stallard MA, Mulhern R, Greenwood E, Franklin T, Engel LS, Fisher MB, Sobsey MD, Zanib H, Noble RT, Stewart JR, Sozzi E. Occurrence of male-specific and somatic coliphages and relationship with rainfall in privately-owned wells from peri‑urban and rural households. Water Res X 2021; 12:100102. [PMID: 34027379 PMCID: PMC8131969 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Privately-owned drinking water wells serving fewer than 25 people (private wells) are prevalent and understudied across most of the US. Private wells primarily serve rural households located outside of municipal drinking water and sewerage service coverage areas. These wells are not regulated by United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Safe Drinking Water Act, are not regularly monitored by any public agency or utility, and generally do not undergo disinfection treatment. Coliphages are a group of viruses that infect coliform bacteria and are useful viral surrogates for fecal contamination in water systems in much the same way that fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), such as E. coli and to a lesser extent total coliforms, are used to quantify fecal contamination. Coliphages are approved by the EPA for regulatory monitoring in groundwater wells in the USA, but are not routinely used for this purpose. The present study characterizes the occurrence of male-specific and somatic coliphages, along with FIB, in private wells (n = 122) across two different counties in North Carolina. While occurrences of E. coli were rare and frequency of total coliform was generally low (~20%), male-specific and somatic coliphages were detectable in 66% and 54% of samples, respectively. Concentrations of male-specific coliphages were higher than somatics at each county and on a monthly basis. Rainfall appears to be partly influencing higher coliphage concentrations in December, January and February. This research underscores the need for increased surveillance in private wells and consideration of using coliphages in order to better characterize occurrence of fecal contamination at the time of sampling, especially during rainier months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Stallard
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB #7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Riley Mulhern
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB #7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Emily Greenwood
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB #7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Taylor Franklin
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB #7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael B Fisher
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB #7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mark D Sobsey
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB #7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hania Zanib
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB #7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rachel T Noble
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Jill R Stewart
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB #7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Emanuele Sozzi
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB #7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Stallard MA, Otter RR, Winesett S, Barbero M, Bruce M, Layton A, Bailey FC. A Watershed Analysis of Seasonal Concentration- and Loading-based Results for Escherichia coli in Inland Waters. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2016; 97:838-842. [PMID: 27663443 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fecal indicator bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, are frequently monitored in recreational waterbodies as indicators of potential fecal pathogen presence and exposure. The present watershed analysis investigated the influence of season on E. coli concentration (MPN/100 mL) and loading (MPN/day) measurements for inland waters at baseflow conditions. The master dataset collected during 2007-2012 for three watersheds included 896 E. coli (Colilert) samples with simultaneous flow taken for a subset (39 %) of samples. The outcomes for grouped watersheds were reflected in most cases for individual watersheds. Concentration- and loading-based results were highest in summer and spring, and lowest in the winter and fall, respectively. The comparison of these two measurement techniques (concentration and loading) highlight the impact of flow data during baseflow conditions for inland waters and reveal that caution should be used when inferring one method's results from another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Stallard
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, P.O. Box 60, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA.
- Metro Water Services, Stormwater Division/NPDES Office, 1607 County Hospital Road, Nashville, TN, 37218, USA.
| | - Ryan R Otter
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, P.O. Box 60, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - Steve Winesett
- Metro Water Services, Stormwater Division/NPDES Office, 1607 County Hospital Road, Nashville, TN, 37218, USA
| | - Michelle Barbero
- Metro Water Services, Stormwater Division/NPDES Office, 1607 County Hospital Road, Nashville, TN, 37218, USA
- Gobbell Hays Partners, 217 Fifth Ave North, Nashville, TN, 37219, USA
| | - Mary Bruce
- Metro Water Services, Stormwater Division/NPDES Office, 1607 County Hospital Road, Nashville, TN, 37218, USA
| | - Alice Layton
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Frank C Bailey
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, P.O. Box 60, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
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