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McPherson TD, Ghinai I, Binder AM, Freeman BD, Hoskin Snelling C, Hunter JC, Anderson KM, Davenport P, Rudd DL, Zafer M, Christiansen D, Joshi K, Rubin R, Black SR, Fricchione MJ, Pacilli M, Walblay KA, Korpics J, Moeller D, Quartey-Kumapley P, Wang C, Charles EM, Kauerauf J, Patel MT, Disari VS, Fischer M, Jacobs MW, Lester SN, Midgley CM, Rasheed MAU, Reese HE, Verani JR, Wallace M, Watson JT, Thornburg NJ, Layden JE, Kirking HL. Lack of Serologic Evidence of Infection Among Health Care Personnel and Other Contacts of First 2 Confirmed Patients With COVID-19 in Illinois, 2020. Public Health Rep 2020; 136:88-96. [PMID: 33108976 DOI: 10.1177/0033354920966064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Widespread global transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), continues. Many questions remain about asymptomatic or atypical infections and transmission dynamics. We used comprehensive contact tracing of the first 2 confirmed patients in Illinois with COVID-19 and serologic SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing to determine whether contacts had evidence of undetected COVID-19. METHODS Contacts were eligible for serologic follow-up if previously tested for COVID-19 during an initial investigation or had greater-risk exposures. Contacts completed a standardized questionnaire during the initial investigation. We classified exposure risk as high, medium, or low based on interactions with 2 index patients and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Serologic testing used a SARS-CoV-2 spike enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on serum specimens collected from participants approximately 6 weeks after initial exposure to either index patient. The 2 index patients provided serum specimens throughout their illness. We collected data on demographic, exposure, and epidemiologic characteristics. RESULTS Of 347 contacts, 110 were eligible for serologic follow-up; 59 (17% of all contacts) enrolled. Of these, 53 (90%) were health care personnel and 6 (10%) were community contacts. Seventeen (29%) reported high-risk exposures, 15 (25%) medium-risk, and 27 (46%) low-risk. No participant had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The 2 index patients had antibodies detected at dilutions >1:6400 within 4 weeks after symptom onset. CONCLUSIONS In serologic follow-up of the first 2 known patients in Illinois with COVID-19, we found no secondary transmission among tested contacts. Lack of seroconversion among these contacts adds to our understanding of conditions (ie, use of PPE) under which SARS-CoV-2 infections might not result in transmission and demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing is a useful tool to verify epidemiologic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan D McPherson
- 1242 Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,11056 Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Isaac Ghinai
- 1242 Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,11056 Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA.,7455 Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Alison M Binder
- 1242 National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brandi D Freeman
- 1242 Laboratory Leadership Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,1242 National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer C Hunter
- 1242 National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristin M Anderson
- 21862 AMITA Health, St. Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, IL, USA
| | - Polly Davenport
- 21862 AMITA Health, St. Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, IL, USA
| | - Deborah L Rudd
- 21862 AMITA Health, St. Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, IL, USA
| | - Mujeeb Zafer
- 21862 AMITA Health, St. Alexius Medical Center, Hoffman Estates, IL, USA
| | | | - Kiran Joshi
- 6144 Cook County Department of Public Health, Oak Forest, IL, USA
| | - Rachel Rubin
- 6144 Cook County Department of Public Health, Oak Forest, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacqueline Korpics
- 6144 Cook County Health, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Darcie Moeller
- 6144 Cook County Health, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Chen Wang
- 6144 Cook County Health, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E Matt Charles
- 7455 Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Judy Kauerauf
- 7455 Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Megan T Patel
- 7455 Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Vishal S Disari
- 1242 National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Marc Fischer
- 1242 National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Max W Jacobs
- 1242 National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA
| | - Sandra N Lester
- 1242 National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Synergy America, Inc, Duluth, GA, USA
| | - Claire M Midgley
- 1242 National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mohammed Ata Ur Rasheed
- 1242 National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Synergy America, Inc, Duluth, GA, USA
| | - Heather E Reese
- 1242 Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,1242 National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Verani
- 1242 National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Megan Wallace
- 1242 Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,1242 National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John T Watson
- 1242 National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Natalie J Thornburg
- 1242 National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Hannah L Kirking
- 1242 National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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2
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Burke RM, Balter S, Barnes E, Barry V, Bartlett K, Beer KD, Benowitz I, Biggs HM, Bruce H, Bryant-Genevier J, Cates J, Chatham-Stephens K, Chea N, Chiou H, Christiansen D, Chu VT, Clark S, Cody SH, Cohen M, Conners EE, Dasari V, Dawson P, DeSalvo T, Donahue M, Dratch A, Duca L, Duchin J, Dyal JW, Feldstein LR, Fenstersheib M, Fischer M, Fisher R, Foo C, Freeman-Ponder B, Fry AM, Gant J, Gautom R, Ghinai I, Gounder P, Grigg CT, Gunzenhauser J, Hall AJ, Han GS, Haupt T, Holshue M, Hunter J, Ibrahim MB, Jacobs MW, Jarashow MC, Joshi K, Kamali T, Kawakami V, Kim M, Kirking HL, Kita-Yarbro A, Klos R, Kobayashi M, Kocharian A, Lang M, Layden J, Leidman E, Lindquist S, Lindstrom S, Link-Gelles R, Marlow M, Mattison CP, McClung N, McPherson TD, Mello L, Midgley CM, Novosad S, Patel MT, Pettrone K, Pillai SK, Pray IW, Reese HE, Rhodes H, Robinson S, Rolfes M, Routh J, Rubin R, Rudman SL, Russell D, Scott S, Shetty V, Smith-Jeffcoat SE, Soda EA, Spitters C, Stierman B, Sunenshine R, Terashita D, Traub E, Vahey GM, Verani JR, Wallace M, Westercamp M, Wortham J, Xie A, Yousaf A, Zahn M. Enhanced contact investigations for nine early travel-related cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238342. [PMID: 32877446 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.27.20081901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in Wuhan, China and has since become pandemic. In response to the first cases identified in the United States, close contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases were investigated to enable early identification and isolation of additional cases and to learn more about risk factors for transmission. Close contacts of nine early travel-related cases in the United States were identified and monitored daily for development of symptoms (active monitoring). Selected close contacts (including those with exposures categorized as higher risk) were targeted for collection of additional exposure information and respiratory samples. Respiratory samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Four hundred four close contacts were actively monitored in the jurisdictions that managed the travel-related cases. Three hundred thirty-eight of the 404 close contacts provided at least basic exposure information, of whom 159 close contacts had ≥1 set of respiratory samples collected and tested. Across all actively monitored close contacts, two additional symptomatic COVID-19 cases (i.e., secondary cases) were identified; both secondary cases were in spouses of travel-associated case patients. When considering only household members, all of whom had ≥1 respiratory sample tested for SARS-CoV-2, the secondary attack rate (i.e., the number of secondary cases as a proportion of total close contacts) was 13% (95% CI: 4-38%). The results from these contact tracing investigations suggest that household members, especially significant others, of COVID-19 cases are at highest risk of becoming infected. The importance of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers is also underlined. Isolation of persons with COVID-19, in combination with quarantine of exposed close contacts and practice of everyday preventive behaviors, is important to mitigate spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Burke
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sharon Balter
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Emily Barnes
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Vaughn Barry
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Karri Bartlett
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Public Health Madison & Dane County, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Karlyn D Beer
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Isaac Benowitz
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Holly M Biggs
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hollianne Bruce
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Snohomish Health District, Everett, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Bryant-Genevier
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jordan Cates
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kevin Chatham-Stephens
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nora Chea
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Howard Chiou
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Demian Christiansen
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Cook County Department of Public Health, Oak Forest, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Victoria T Chu
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shauna Clark
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Public Health Seattle-King County, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sara H Cody
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- County of Santa Clara, Public Health Department, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Max Cohen
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Erin E Conners
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Vishal Dasari
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Patrick Dawson
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Traci DeSalvo
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Matthew Donahue
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alissa Dratch
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Orange County Healthcare Agency, Santa Ana, California, United States of America
| | - Lindsey Duca
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Duchin
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Public Health Seattle-King County, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jonathan W Dyal
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Leora R Feldstein
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Marty Fenstersheib
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- San Benito County Public Health Services, Hollister, California, United States of America
| | - Marc Fischer
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Fisher
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chelsea Foo
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Brandi Freeman-Ponder
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alicia M Fry
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jessica Gant
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Washington State Public Health Laboratories, Shoreline, Washington, United States of America
| | - Romesh Gautom
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, Washington, United States of America
| | - Isaac Ghinai
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Prabhu Gounder
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Cheri T Grigg
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Gunzenhauser
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Aron J Hall
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - George S Han
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- County of Santa Clara, Public Health Department, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas Haupt
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michelle Holshue
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Hunter
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mireille B Ibrahim
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Max W Jacobs
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - M Claire Jarashow
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kiran Joshi
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Cook County Department of Public Health, Oak Forest, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Talar Kamali
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Vance Kawakami
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Public Health Seattle-King County, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Moon Kim
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hannah L Kirking
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amanda Kita-Yarbro
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Public Health Madison & Dane County, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rachel Klos
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Miwako Kobayashi
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anna Kocharian
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Misty Lang
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Washington State Public Health Laboratories, Shoreline, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Layden
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eva Leidman
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Scott Lindquist
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen Lindstrom
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ruth Link-Gelles
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mariel Marlow
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Claire P Mattison
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nancy McClung
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tristan D McPherson
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lynn Mello
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- San Benito County Public Health Services, Hollister, California, United States of America
| | - Claire M Midgley
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shannon Novosad
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Megan T Patel
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kristen Pettrone
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Satish K Pillai
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ian W Pray
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Heather E Reese
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Heather Rhodes
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Wyoming Department of Health, Cheyenne, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Susan Robinson
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Melissa Rolfes
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Janell Routh
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rachel Rubin
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Cook County Department of Public Health, Oak Forest, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sarah L Rudman
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- County of Santa Clara, Public Health Department, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Denny Russell
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Washington State Public Health Laboratories, Shoreline, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sarah Scott
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Varun Shetty
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sarah E Smith-Jeffcoat
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A Soda
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christopher Spitters
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Snohomish Health District, Everett, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bryan Stierman
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Sunenshine
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Dawn Terashita
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Traub
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Grace M Vahey
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jennifer R Verani
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Megan Wallace
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Matthew Westercamp
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Wortham
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amy Xie
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anna Yousaf
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Matthew Zahn
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Orange County Healthcare Agency, Santa Ana, California, United States of America
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3
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Burke RM, Balter S, Barnes E, Barry V, Bartlett K, Beer KD, Benowitz I, Biggs HM, Bruce H, Bryant-Genevier J, Cates J, Chatham-Stephens K, Chea N, Chiou H, Christiansen D, Chu VT, Clark S, Cody SH, Cohen M, Conners EE, Dasari V, Dawson P, DeSalvo T, Donahue M, Dratch A, Duca L, Duchin J, Dyal JW, Feldstein LR, Fenstersheib M, Fischer M, Fisher R, Foo C, Freeman-Ponder B, Fry AM, Gant J, Gautom R, Ghinai I, Gounder P, Grigg CT, Gunzenhauser J, Hall AJ, Han GS, Haupt T, Holshue M, Hunter J, Ibrahim MB, Jacobs MW, Jarashow MC, Joshi K, Kamali T, Kawakami V, Kim M, Kirking HL, Kita-Yarbro A, Klos R, Kobayashi M, Kocharian A, Lang M, Layden J, Leidman E, Lindquist S, Lindstrom S, Link-Gelles R, Marlow M, Mattison CP, McClung N, McPherson TD, Mello L, Midgley CM, Novosad S, Patel MT, Pettrone K, Pillai SK, Pray IW, Reese HE, Rhodes H, Robinson S, Rolfes M, Routh J, Rubin R, Rudman SL, Russell D, Scott S, Shetty V, Smith-Jeffcoat SE, Soda EA, Spitters C, Stierman B, Sunenshine R, Terashita D, Traub E, Vahey GM, Verani JR, Wallace M, Westercamp M, Wortham J, Xie A, Yousaf A, Zahn M. Enhanced contact investigations for nine early travel-related cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238342. [PMID: 32877446 PMCID: PMC7467265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in Wuhan, China and has since become pandemic. In response to the first cases identified in the United States, close contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases were investigated to enable early identification and isolation of additional cases and to learn more about risk factors for transmission. Close contacts of nine early travel-related cases in the United States were identified and monitored daily for development of symptoms (active monitoring). Selected close contacts (including those with exposures categorized as higher risk) were targeted for collection of additional exposure information and respiratory samples. Respiratory samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Four hundred four close contacts were actively monitored in the jurisdictions that managed the travel-related cases. Three hundred thirty-eight of the 404 close contacts provided at least basic exposure information, of whom 159 close contacts had ≥1 set of respiratory samples collected and tested. Across all actively monitored close contacts, two additional symptomatic COVID-19 cases (i.e., secondary cases) were identified; both secondary cases were in spouses of travel-associated case patients. When considering only household members, all of whom had ≥1 respiratory sample tested for SARS-CoV-2, the secondary attack rate (i.e., the number of secondary cases as a proportion of total close contacts) was 13% (95% CI: 4-38%). The results from these contact tracing investigations suggest that household members, especially significant others, of COVID-19 cases are at highest risk of becoming infected. The importance of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers is also underlined. Isolation of persons with COVID-19, in combination with quarantine of exposed close contacts and practice of everyday preventive behaviors, is important to mitigate spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Burke
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sharon Balter
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Emily Barnes
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Vaughn Barry
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Karri Bartlett
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Public Health Madison & Dane County, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Karlyn D. Beer
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Isaac Benowitz
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Holly M. Biggs
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hollianne Bruce
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Snohomish Health District, Everett, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Bryant-Genevier
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jordan Cates
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kevin Chatham-Stephens
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nora Chea
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Howard Chiou
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Demian Christiansen
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Cook County Department of Public Health, Oak Forest, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Victoria T. Chu
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shauna Clark
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Public Health Seattle–King County, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sara H. Cody
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- County of Santa Clara, Public Health Department, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Max Cohen
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Erin E. Conners
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Vishal Dasari
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Patrick Dawson
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Traci DeSalvo
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Matthew Donahue
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alissa Dratch
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Orange County Healthcare Agency, Santa Ana, California, United States of America
| | - Lindsey Duca
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Duchin
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Public Health Seattle–King County, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jonathan W. Dyal
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Leora R. Feldstein
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Marty Fenstersheib
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- San Benito County Public Health Services, Hollister, California, United States of America
| | - Marc Fischer
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Fisher
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chelsea Foo
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Brandi Freeman-Ponder
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alicia M. Fry
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jessica Gant
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Washington State Public Health Laboratories, Shoreline, Washington, United States of America
| | - Romesh Gautom
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, Washington, United States of America
| | - Isaac Ghinai
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Prabhu Gounder
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Cheri T. Grigg
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Gunzenhauser
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Aron J. Hall
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - George S. Han
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- County of Santa Clara, Public Health Department, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas Haupt
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michelle Holshue
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Hunter
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mireille B. Ibrahim
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Max W. Jacobs
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - M. Claire Jarashow
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kiran Joshi
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Cook County Department of Public Health, Oak Forest, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Talar Kamali
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Vance Kawakami
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Public Health Seattle–King County, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Moon Kim
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hannah L. Kirking
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amanda Kita-Yarbro
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Public Health Madison & Dane County, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rachel Klos
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Miwako Kobayashi
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anna Kocharian
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Misty Lang
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Washington State Public Health Laboratories, Shoreline, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Layden
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eva Leidman
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Scott Lindquist
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen Lindstrom
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ruth Link-Gelles
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mariel Marlow
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Claire P. Mattison
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nancy McClung
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tristan D. McPherson
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lynn Mello
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- San Benito County Public Health Services, Hollister, California, United States of America
| | - Claire M. Midgley
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shannon Novosad
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Megan T. Patel
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kristen Pettrone
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Satish K. Pillai
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ian W. Pray
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Heather E. Reese
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Heather Rhodes
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Wyoming Department of Health, Cheyenne, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Susan Robinson
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Melissa Rolfes
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Janell Routh
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rachel Rubin
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Cook County Department of Public Health, Oak Forest, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sarah L. Rudman
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- County of Santa Clara, Public Health Department, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Denny Russell
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Washington State Public Health Laboratories, Shoreline, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sarah Scott
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Varun Shetty
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Smith-Jeffcoat
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Soda
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christopher Spitters
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Snohomish Health District, Everett, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bryan Stierman
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Sunenshine
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Dawn Terashita
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Traub
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Grace M. Vahey
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jennifer R. Verani
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Megan Wallace
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Matthew Westercamp
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Wortham
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amy Xie
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anna Yousaf
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Matthew Zahn
- The COVID-19 Close Contact Investigation Team, United States of America
- Orange County Healthcare Agency, Santa Ana, California, United States of America
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4
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Jorden MA, Rudman SL, Villarino E, Hoferka S, Patel MT, Bemis K, Simmons CR, Jespersen M, Iberg Johnson J, Mytty E, Arends KD, Henderson JJ, Mathes RW, Weng CX, Duchin J, Lenahan J, Close N, Bedford T, Boeckh M, Chu HY, Englund JA, Famulare M, Nickerson DA, Rieder MJ, Shendure J, Starita LM. Evidence for Limited Early Spread of COVID-19 Within the United States, January-February 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:680-684. [PMID: 32497028 PMCID: PMC7315848 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6922e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Ghinai I, McPherson TD, Hunter JC, Kirking HL, Christiansen D, Joshi K, Rubin R, Morales-Estrada S, Black SR, Pacilli M, Fricchione MJ, Chugh RK, Walblay KA, Ahmed NS, Stoecker WC, Hasan NF, Burdsall DP, Reese HE, Wallace M, Wang C, Moeller D, Korpics J, Novosad SA, Benowitz I, Jacobs MW, Dasari VS, Patel MT, Kauerauf J, Charles EM, Ezike NO, Chu V, Midgley CM, Rolfes MA, Gerber SI, Lu X, Lindstrom S, Verani JR, Layden JE. First known person-to-person transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the USA. Lancet 2020; 395:1137-1144. [PMID: 32178768 PMCID: PMC7158585 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first detected in China in December, 2019. In January, 2020, state, local, and federal public health agencies investigated the first case of COVID-19 in Illinois, USA. METHODS Patients with confirmed COVID-19 were defined as those with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Contacts were people with exposure to a patient with COVID-19 on or after the patient's symptom onset date. Contacts underwent active symptom monitoring for 14 days following their last exposure. Contacts who developed fever, cough, or shortness of breath became persons under investigation and were tested for SARS-CoV-2. A convenience sample of 32 asymptomatic health-care personnel contacts were also tested. FINDINGS Patient 1-a woman in her 60s-returned from China in mid-January, 2020. One week later, she was hospitalised with pneumonia and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Her husband (Patient 2) did not travel but had frequent close contact with his wife. He was admitted 8 days later and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Overall, 372 contacts of both cases were identified; 347 underwent active symptom monitoring, including 152 community contacts and 195 health-care personnel. Of monitored contacts, 43 became persons under investigation, in addition to Patient 2. These 43 persons under investigation and all 32 asymptomatic health-care personnel tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. INTERPRETATION Person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurred between two people with prolonged, unprotected exposure while Patient 1 was symptomatic. Despite active symptom monitoring and testing of symptomatic and some asymptomatic contacts, no further transmission was detected. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Ghinai
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Tristan D McPherson
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jennifer C Hunter
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hannah L Kirking
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Kiran Joshi
- Cook County Department of Public Health, Oak Forest, IL, USA
| | - Rachel Rubin
- Cook County Department of Public Health, Oak Forest, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - N Seema Ahmed
- Metro Infectious Disease Consultants, Burr Ridge, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Heather E Reese
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Megan Wallace
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Cook County Health, Chicago, IL, USA; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Darcie Moeller
- Cook County Health, Chicago, IL, USA; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jacqueline Korpics
- Cook County Health, Chicago, IL, USA; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shannon A Novosad
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Isaac Benowitz
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Max W Jacobs
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA
| | - Vishal S Dasari
- One Health Office, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Megan T Patel
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Judy Kauerauf
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - E Matt Charles
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Ngozi O Ezike
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Victoria Chu
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Claire M Midgley
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa A Rolfes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Susan I Gerber
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen Lindstrom
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Verani
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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6
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Layden JE, Ghinai I, Pray I, Kimball A, Layer M, Tenforde MW, Navon L, Hoots B, Salvatore PP, Elderbrook M, Haupt T, Kanne J, Patel MT, Saathoff-Huber L, King BA, Schier JG, Mikosz CA, Meiman J. Pulmonary Illness Related to E-Cigarette Use in Illinois and Wisconsin - Final Report. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:903-916. [PMID: 31491072 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1911614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 534] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-cigarettes are battery-operated devices that heat a liquid and deliver an aerosolized product to the user. Pulmonary illnesses related to e-cigarette use have been reported, but no large series has been described. In July 2019, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services and the Illinois Department of Public Health received reports of lung injury associated with the use of e-cigarettes (also called vaping) and launched a coordinated public health investigation. METHODS We defined case patients as persons who reported use of e-cigarette devices and related products in the 90 days before symptom onset and had pulmonary infiltrates on imaging and whose illnesses were not attributed to other causes. Medical record abstraction and case patient interviews were conducted with the use of standardized tools. RESULTS There were 98 case patients, 79% of whom were male; the median age of the patients was 21 years. The majority of patients presented with respiratory symptoms (97%), gastrointestinal symptoms (77%), and constitutional symptoms (100%). All case patients had bilateral infiltrates on chest imaging. A total of 95% of the patients were hospitalized, 26% underwent intubation and mechanical ventilation, and two deaths were reported. A total of 89% of the patients reported having used tetrahydrocannabinol products in e-cigarette devices, although a wide variety of products and devices was reported. Syndromic surveillance data from Illinois showed that the mean monthly rate of visits related to severe respiratory illness in June through August of 2019 was twice the rate that was observed in the same months in 2018. CONCLUSIONS Case patients presented with similar clinical characteristics. Although the definitive substance or substances contributing to injury have not been determined, this initial cluster of illnesses represents an emerging clinical syndrome or syndromes. Additional work is needed to characterize the pathophysiology and to identify the definitive causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Layden
- From the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (J.E.L., I.G., L.N., M.T.P., L.S.-H.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (I.G., I.P., A.K., M.W.T., P.P.S.), National Center for Environmental Health (M.L.), the Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (L.N.), the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (B.H., J.G.S., C.A.M.), and the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (B.A.K.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Emory University School of Medicine (M.L.) - all in Atlanta; and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (I.P., M.E., J.M.), the Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease (T.H.), and the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (J.K.) - all in Madison
| | - Isaac Ghinai
- From the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (J.E.L., I.G., L.N., M.T.P., L.S.-H.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (I.G., I.P., A.K., M.W.T., P.P.S.), National Center for Environmental Health (M.L.), the Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (L.N.), the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (B.H., J.G.S., C.A.M.), and the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (B.A.K.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Emory University School of Medicine (M.L.) - all in Atlanta; and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (I.P., M.E., J.M.), the Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease (T.H.), and the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (J.K.) - all in Madison
| | - Ian Pray
- From the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (J.E.L., I.G., L.N., M.T.P., L.S.-H.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (I.G., I.P., A.K., M.W.T., P.P.S.), National Center for Environmental Health (M.L.), the Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (L.N.), the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (B.H., J.G.S., C.A.M.), and the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (B.A.K.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Emory University School of Medicine (M.L.) - all in Atlanta; and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (I.P., M.E., J.M.), the Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease (T.H.), and the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (J.K.) - all in Madison
| | - Anne Kimball
- From the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (J.E.L., I.G., L.N., M.T.P., L.S.-H.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (I.G., I.P., A.K., M.W.T., P.P.S.), National Center for Environmental Health (M.L.), the Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (L.N.), the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (B.H., J.G.S., C.A.M.), and the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (B.A.K.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Emory University School of Medicine (M.L.) - all in Atlanta; and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (I.P., M.E., J.M.), the Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease (T.H.), and the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (J.K.) - all in Madison
| | - Mark Layer
- From the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (J.E.L., I.G., L.N., M.T.P., L.S.-H.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (I.G., I.P., A.K., M.W.T., P.P.S.), National Center for Environmental Health (M.L.), the Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (L.N.), the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (B.H., J.G.S., C.A.M.), and the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (B.A.K.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Emory University School of Medicine (M.L.) - all in Atlanta; and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (I.P., M.E., J.M.), the Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease (T.H.), and the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (J.K.) - all in Madison
| | - Mark W Tenforde
- From the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (J.E.L., I.G., L.N., M.T.P., L.S.-H.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (I.G., I.P., A.K., M.W.T., P.P.S.), National Center for Environmental Health (M.L.), the Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (L.N.), the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (B.H., J.G.S., C.A.M.), and the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (B.A.K.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Emory University School of Medicine (M.L.) - all in Atlanta; and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (I.P., M.E., J.M.), the Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease (T.H.), and the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (J.K.) - all in Madison
| | - Livia Navon
- From the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (J.E.L., I.G., L.N., M.T.P., L.S.-H.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (I.G., I.P., A.K., M.W.T., P.P.S.), National Center for Environmental Health (M.L.), the Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (L.N.), the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (B.H., J.G.S., C.A.M.), and the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (B.A.K.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Emory University School of Medicine (M.L.) - all in Atlanta; and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (I.P., M.E., J.M.), the Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease (T.H.), and the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (J.K.) - all in Madison
| | - Brooke Hoots
- From the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (J.E.L., I.G., L.N., M.T.P., L.S.-H.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (I.G., I.P., A.K., M.W.T., P.P.S.), National Center for Environmental Health (M.L.), the Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (L.N.), the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (B.H., J.G.S., C.A.M.), and the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (B.A.K.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Emory University School of Medicine (M.L.) - all in Atlanta; and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (I.P., M.E., J.M.), the Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease (T.H.), and the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (J.K.) - all in Madison
| | - Phillip P Salvatore
- From the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (J.E.L., I.G., L.N., M.T.P., L.S.-H.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (I.G., I.P., A.K., M.W.T., P.P.S.), National Center for Environmental Health (M.L.), the Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (L.N.), the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (B.H., J.G.S., C.A.M.), and the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (B.A.K.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Emory University School of Medicine (M.L.) - all in Atlanta; and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (I.P., M.E., J.M.), the Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease (T.H.), and the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (J.K.) - all in Madison
| | - Megan Elderbrook
- From the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (J.E.L., I.G., L.N., M.T.P., L.S.-H.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (I.G., I.P., A.K., M.W.T., P.P.S.), National Center for Environmental Health (M.L.), the Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (L.N.), the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (B.H., J.G.S., C.A.M.), and the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (B.A.K.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Emory University School of Medicine (M.L.) - all in Atlanta; and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (I.P., M.E., J.M.), the Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease (T.H.), and the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (J.K.) - all in Madison
| | - Thomas Haupt
- From the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (J.E.L., I.G., L.N., M.T.P., L.S.-H.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (I.G., I.P., A.K., M.W.T., P.P.S.), National Center for Environmental Health (M.L.), the Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (L.N.), the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (B.H., J.G.S., C.A.M.), and the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (B.A.K.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Emory University School of Medicine (M.L.) - all in Atlanta; and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (I.P., M.E., J.M.), the Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease (T.H.), and the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (J.K.) - all in Madison
| | - Jeffrey Kanne
- From the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (J.E.L., I.G., L.N., M.T.P., L.S.-H.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (I.G., I.P., A.K., M.W.T., P.P.S.), National Center for Environmental Health (M.L.), the Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (L.N.), the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (B.H., J.G.S., C.A.M.), and the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (B.A.K.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Emory University School of Medicine (M.L.) - all in Atlanta; and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (I.P., M.E., J.M.), the Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease (T.H.), and the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (J.K.) - all in Madison
| | - Megan T Patel
- From the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (J.E.L., I.G., L.N., M.T.P., L.S.-H.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (I.G., I.P., A.K., M.W.T., P.P.S.), National Center for Environmental Health (M.L.), the Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (L.N.), the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (B.H., J.G.S., C.A.M.), and the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (B.A.K.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Emory University School of Medicine (M.L.) - all in Atlanta; and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (I.P., M.E., J.M.), the Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease (T.H.), and the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (J.K.) - all in Madison
| | - Lori Saathoff-Huber
- From the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (J.E.L., I.G., L.N., M.T.P., L.S.-H.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (I.G., I.P., A.K., M.W.T., P.P.S.), National Center for Environmental Health (M.L.), the Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (L.N.), the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (B.H., J.G.S., C.A.M.), and the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (B.A.K.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Emory University School of Medicine (M.L.) - all in Atlanta; and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (I.P., M.E., J.M.), the Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease (T.H.), and the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (J.K.) - all in Madison
| | - Brian A King
- From the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (J.E.L., I.G., L.N., M.T.P., L.S.-H.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (I.G., I.P., A.K., M.W.T., P.P.S.), National Center for Environmental Health (M.L.), the Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (L.N.), the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (B.H., J.G.S., C.A.M.), and the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (B.A.K.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Emory University School of Medicine (M.L.) - all in Atlanta; and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (I.P., M.E., J.M.), the Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease (T.H.), and the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (J.K.) - all in Madison
| | - Josh G Schier
- From the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (J.E.L., I.G., L.N., M.T.P., L.S.-H.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (I.G., I.P., A.K., M.W.T., P.P.S.), National Center for Environmental Health (M.L.), the Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (L.N.), the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (B.H., J.G.S., C.A.M.), and the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (B.A.K.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Emory University School of Medicine (M.L.) - all in Atlanta; and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (I.P., M.E., J.M.), the Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease (T.H.), and the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (J.K.) - all in Madison
| | - Christina A Mikosz
- From the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (J.E.L., I.G., L.N., M.T.P., L.S.-H.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (I.G., I.P., A.K., M.W.T., P.P.S.), National Center for Environmental Health (M.L.), the Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (L.N.), the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (B.H., J.G.S., C.A.M.), and the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (B.A.K.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Emory University School of Medicine (M.L.) - all in Atlanta; and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (I.P., M.E., J.M.), the Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease (T.H.), and the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (J.K.) - all in Madison
| | - Jonathan Meiman
- From the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (J.E.L., I.G., L.N., M.T.P., L.S.-H.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (I.G., I.P., A.K., M.W.T., P.P.S.), National Center for Environmental Health (M.L.), the Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (L.N.), the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (B.H., J.G.S., C.A.M.), and the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (B.A.K.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Emory University School of Medicine (M.L.) - all in Atlanta; and the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (I.P., M.E., J.M.), the Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease (T.H.), and the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (J.K.) - all in Madison
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Hartnett KP, Kite-Powell A, Patel MT, Haag BL, Sheppard MJ, Dias TP, King BA, Melstrom PC, Ritchey MD, Stein Z, Idaikkadar N, Vivolo-Kantor AM, Rose DA, Briss PA, Layden JE, Rodgers L, Adjemian J. Syndromic Surveillance for E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:766-772. [PMID: 31860794 PMCID: PMC10613510 DOI: 10.1056/nejmsr1915313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen P Hartnett
- From the Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (K.P.H., A.K.-P., B.L.H., M.J.S., T.P.D., Z.S., N.I., L.R., J.A.), the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (A.M.V.-K.), the Office on Smoking and Health (B.A.K., P.C.M.), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (M.D.R.), and the Office of the Director (P.A.B.), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (D.A.R.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (M.T.P., J.E.L.,); and the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD (K.P.H., M.D.R., P.C.M., L.R., J.A.)
| | - Aaron Kite-Powell
- From the Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (K.P.H., A.K.-P., B.L.H., M.J.S., T.P.D., Z.S., N.I., L.R., J.A.), the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (A.M.V.-K.), the Office on Smoking and Health (B.A.K., P.C.M.), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (M.D.R.), and the Office of the Director (P.A.B.), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (D.A.R.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (M.T.P., J.E.L.,); and the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD (K.P.H., M.D.R., P.C.M., L.R., J.A.)
| | - Megan T Patel
- From the Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (K.P.H., A.K.-P., B.L.H., M.J.S., T.P.D., Z.S., N.I., L.R., J.A.), the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (A.M.V.-K.), the Office on Smoking and Health (B.A.K., P.C.M.), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (M.D.R.), and the Office of the Director (P.A.B.), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (D.A.R.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (M.T.P., J.E.L.,); and the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD (K.P.H., M.D.R., P.C.M., L.R., J.A.)
| | - Brittani L Haag
- From the Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (K.P.H., A.K.-P., B.L.H., M.J.S., T.P.D., Z.S., N.I., L.R., J.A.), the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (A.M.V.-K.), the Office on Smoking and Health (B.A.K., P.C.M.), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (M.D.R.), and the Office of the Director (P.A.B.), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (D.A.R.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (M.T.P., J.E.L.,); and the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD (K.P.H., M.D.R., P.C.M., L.R., J.A.)
| | - Michael J Sheppard
- From the Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (K.P.H., A.K.-P., B.L.H., M.J.S., T.P.D., Z.S., N.I., L.R., J.A.), the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (A.M.V.-K.), the Office on Smoking and Health (B.A.K., P.C.M.), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (M.D.R.), and the Office of the Director (P.A.B.), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (D.A.R.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (M.T.P., J.E.L.,); and the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD (K.P.H., M.D.R., P.C.M., L.R., J.A.)
| | - Taylor P Dias
- From the Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (K.P.H., A.K.-P., B.L.H., M.J.S., T.P.D., Z.S., N.I., L.R., J.A.), the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (A.M.V.-K.), the Office on Smoking and Health (B.A.K., P.C.M.), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (M.D.R.), and the Office of the Director (P.A.B.), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (D.A.R.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (M.T.P., J.E.L.,); and the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD (K.P.H., M.D.R., P.C.M., L.R., J.A.)
| | - Brian A King
- From the Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (K.P.H., A.K.-P., B.L.H., M.J.S., T.P.D., Z.S., N.I., L.R., J.A.), the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (A.M.V.-K.), the Office on Smoking and Health (B.A.K., P.C.M.), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (M.D.R.), and the Office of the Director (P.A.B.), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (D.A.R.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (M.T.P., J.E.L.,); and the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD (K.P.H., M.D.R., P.C.M., L.R., J.A.)
| | - Paul C Melstrom
- From the Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (K.P.H., A.K.-P., B.L.H., M.J.S., T.P.D., Z.S., N.I., L.R., J.A.), the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (A.M.V.-K.), the Office on Smoking and Health (B.A.K., P.C.M.), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (M.D.R.), and the Office of the Director (P.A.B.), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (D.A.R.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (M.T.P., J.E.L.,); and the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD (K.P.H., M.D.R., P.C.M., L.R., J.A.)
| | - Matthew D Ritchey
- From the Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (K.P.H., A.K.-P., B.L.H., M.J.S., T.P.D., Z.S., N.I., L.R., J.A.), the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (A.M.V.-K.), the Office on Smoking and Health (B.A.K., P.C.M.), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (M.D.R.), and the Office of the Director (P.A.B.), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (D.A.R.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (M.T.P., J.E.L.,); and the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD (K.P.H., M.D.R., P.C.M., L.R., J.A.)
| | - Zachary Stein
- From the Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (K.P.H., A.K.-P., B.L.H., M.J.S., T.P.D., Z.S., N.I., L.R., J.A.), the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (A.M.V.-K.), the Office on Smoking and Health (B.A.K., P.C.M.), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (M.D.R.), and the Office of the Director (P.A.B.), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (D.A.R.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (M.T.P., J.E.L.,); and the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD (K.P.H., M.D.R., P.C.M., L.R., J.A.)
| | - Nimi Idaikkadar
- From the Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (K.P.H., A.K.-P., B.L.H., M.J.S., T.P.D., Z.S., N.I., L.R., J.A.), the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (A.M.V.-K.), the Office on Smoking and Health (B.A.K., P.C.M.), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (M.D.R.), and the Office of the Director (P.A.B.), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (D.A.R.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (M.T.P., J.E.L.,); and the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD (K.P.H., M.D.R., P.C.M., L.R., J.A.)
| | - Alana M Vivolo-Kantor
- From the Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (K.P.H., A.K.-P., B.L.H., M.J.S., T.P.D., Z.S., N.I., L.R., J.A.), the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (A.M.V.-K.), the Office on Smoking and Health (B.A.K., P.C.M.), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (M.D.R.), and the Office of the Director (P.A.B.), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (D.A.R.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (M.T.P., J.E.L.,); and the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD (K.P.H., M.D.R., P.C.M., L.R., J.A.)
| | - Dale A Rose
- From the Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (K.P.H., A.K.-P., B.L.H., M.J.S., T.P.D., Z.S., N.I., L.R., J.A.), the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (A.M.V.-K.), the Office on Smoking and Health (B.A.K., P.C.M.), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (M.D.R.), and the Office of the Director (P.A.B.), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (D.A.R.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (M.T.P., J.E.L.,); and the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD (K.P.H., M.D.R., P.C.M., L.R., J.A.)
| | - Peter A Briss
- From the Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (K.P.H., A.K.-P., B.L.H., M.J.S., T.P.D., Z.S., N.I., L.R., J.A.), the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (A.M.V.-K.), the Office on Smoking and Health (B.A.K., P.C.M.), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (M.D.R.), and the Office of the Director (P.A.B.), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (D.A.R.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (M.T.P., J.E.L.,); and the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD (K.P.H., M.D.R., P.C.M., L.R., J.A.)
| | - Jennifer E Layden
- From the Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (K.P.H., A.K.-P., B.L.H., M.J.S., T.P.D., Z.S., N.I., L.R., J.A.), the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (A.M.V.-K.), the Office on Smoking and Health (B.A.K., P.C.M.), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (M.D.R.), and the Office of the Director (P.A.B.), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (D.A.R.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (M.T.P., J.E.L.,); and the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD (K.P.H., M.D.R., P.C.M., L.R., J.A.)
| | - Loren Rodgers
- From the Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (K.P.H., A.K.-P., B.L.H., M.J.S., T.P.D., Z.S., N.I., L.R., J.A.), the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (A.M.V.-K.), the Office on Smoking and Health (B.A.K., P.C.M.), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (M.D.R.), and the Office of the Director (P.A.B.), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (D.A.R.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (M.T.P., J.E.L.,); and the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD (K.P.H., M.D.R., P.C.M., L.R., J.A.)
| | - Jennifer Adjemian
- From the Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (K.P.H., A.K.-P., B.L.H., M.J.S., T.P.D., Z.S., N.I., L.R., J.A.), the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (A.M.V.-K.), the Office on Smoking and Health (B.A.K., P.C.M.), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (M.D.R.), and the Office of the Director (P.A.B.), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (D.A.R.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (M.T.P., J.E.L.,); and the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD (K.P.H., M.D.R., P.C.M., L.R., J.A.)
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Moore MS, Greene SK, Bocour A, Brown CM, Coyle JR, Kuncio D, Onofrey S, Patel MT, Winters A. Comprehensive nationwide chronic hepatitis C surveillance is necessary for accurate state-level prevalence estimates. J Viral Hepat 2019; 26:1124-1126. [PMID: 31087511 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda S Moore
- Viral Hepatitis Program, Bureau of Communicable Disease, Division of Disease Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, New York
| | - Sharon K Greene
- Reportable Disease Data, Informatics, and Analysis Unit, Bureau of Communicable Disease, Division of Disease Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, New York
| | - Angelica Bocour
- Viral Hepatitis Program, Bureau of Communicable Disease, Division of Disease Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, New York
| | | | - Joseph R Coyle
- TB, and Viral Hepatitis Section Manager, Communicable Disease Division, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Danica Kuncio
- Division of Disease Control, Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shauna Onofrey
- Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Megan T Patel
- Office of Health Protection, Division of Infectious Disease, Illinois Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ann Winters
- Viral Hepatitis Program, Bureau of Communicable Disease, Division of Disease Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, New York
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Jasuja S, Thompson ND, Peters PJ, Khudyakov YE, Patel MT, Linchangco P, Thai HT, Switzer WM, Shankar A, Heneine W, Hu DJ, Moorman AC, Gerber SI. Investigation of hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus transmission among severely mentally ill residents at a long term care facility. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43252. [PMID: 22937026 PMCID: PMC3425569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections have been reported among persons with severe mental illness. In October, 2009, the Cook County Department of Public Health (CCDPH) initiated an investigation following notification of a cluster of HBV infections among mentally ill residents at a long term care facility (LTCF). Methods LTCF staff were interviewed and resident medical records were reviewed. Residents were offered testing for HBV, HCV, and HIV. Serum specimens from residents diagnosed with HBV or HIV infection were sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for analysis. Results Eleven newly diagnosed HBV infections were identified among mentally ill residents at the LTCF. Of these 11 infections, 4 serum specimens were available for complete HBV genome sequencing; all 4 genomes were found to be closely related. Four newly diagnosed HIV infections were identified within this same population. Upon molecular analysis, 2 of 4 HIV sequences from these new infections were found to be nearly identical and formed a tight phylogenetic cluster. Conclusions HBV and HIV transmission was identified among mentally ill residents of this LTCF. Continued efforts are needed to prevent bloodborne pathogen transmission among mentally ill residents in LTCFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Jasuja
- Cook County Department of Public Health, Oak Forest, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SJ); (SIG)
| | - Nicola D. Thompson
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Philip J. Peters
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yury E. Khudyakov
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Megan T. Patel
- Cook County Department of Public Health, Oak Forest, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Purisima Linchangco
- Cook County Department of Public Health, Oak Forest, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hong T. Thai
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - William M. Switzer
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anupama Shankar
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Walid Heneine
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Dale J. Hu
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anne C. Moorman
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Susan I. Gerber
- Cook County Department of Public Health, Oak Forest, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SJ); (SIG)
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Jain U, Desai PK, Patel MT, Joshi DK, Kaliraj P. Purification and characterization of E. histolytica antigen for diagnosis of amoebiasis. Indian J Exp Biol 1990; 28:1118-23. [PMID: 2099326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica soluble crude antigen was fractionated by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 into four fractions, viz. F1(669 kDa); F2(51.2 kDa); F3(25.1 kDa) and F4(10.5 kDa). F1 fraction was observed to be more sensitive and specific for the detection of antibody in amoebiasis than the crude and other fractions of purified antigens employing IHAT and ELISA. ELISA was found to be better than IHAT since it could detect antibody in the sera (3/6) of asymptomatic cyst passers. The cross reaction of crude antigen with toxocariasis (1/4) and toxoplasmosis (2/5) sera were associated with F4 fraction. F3 and F4 were having low molecular weight and were not sensitive in detection of antibody in amoebiasis. Biochemical characterization revealed glycoprotein nature of the specific (F1) antigen fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Jain
- Span Research Centre, Udhana, Surat, India
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Jain U, Patel MT, Desai PK, Kaliraj P. Development of simple and stable ELISA for detection of copro antigen in intestinal amoebiasis. Indian J Exp Biol 1990; 28:671-5. [PMID: 2272654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and stable ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) was developed using rabbit antibody to fractionated Entamoeba histolytica antigen for the detection of copro antigen in the faeces of individuals with intestinal amoebiasis. In this test none of the healthy individuals, all trophozoite positive, 40% cyst passers and 6% individuals living in endemic area showed the presence of copro antigen. ELISA using polyclonal rabbit antibody could detect 1-5 trophozoites/well and 20-50 ng protein per well of NIH-200 strain of E. histolytica and the sensitivity of the test was comparable with that using monoclonal antibody. Cross reaction was observed only with E. invadens when faeces having other parasites were screened. The reagents of ELISA were stabilized and found to be stable for more than 6 months when stored at 4 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Jain
- Span Research Centre, New Industrial Estate, Udhna, Surat, India
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Kaliraj P, Patel MT, Desai G, Megha R, Desai P. Utility of human anti-hepatitis B surface antigen serum in purification & detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. Indian J Exp Biol 1983; 21:487-93. [PMID: 6674143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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