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Little C, Cruz‐Martínez V, St. Fort DP, Pagán‐Medina C, Page CA, Perez‐Perez Y, Taveirne ME, Lee AM, Arroyo‐González N, Santiago‐Ortiz C, Pérez‐Díaz IM. Vegetable fermentations brined with low salt for reclaiming food waste. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2121-2132. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Connor Little
- Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Viviana Cruz‐Martínez
- Center for Education and Investigation in Biotechnology and Agrobiotechnology Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico Ponce Puerto Rico
| | - Datricia Pearl St. Fort
- Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Christian Pagán‐Medina
- USDA‐Agricultural Research Service Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Clinton A. Page
- USDA‐Agricultural Research Service Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Yobet Perez‐Perez
- Center for Education and Investigation in Biotechnology and Agrobiotechnology Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico Ponce Puerto Rico
- USDA‐Agricultural Research Service Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Michael E. Taveirne
- Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Alice M. Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Nancy Arroyo‐González
- Center for Education and Investigation in Biotechnology and Agrobiotechnology Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico Ponce Puerto Rico
| | - Cariluz Santiago‐Ortiz
- Center for Education and Investigation in Biotechnology and Agrobiotechnology Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico Ponce Puerto Rico
| | - Ilenys M. Pérez‐Díaz
- USDA‐Agricultural Research Service Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
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Ha R, Frirdich E, Sychantha D, Biboy J, Taveirne ME, Johnson JG, DiRita VJ, Vollmer W, Clarke AJ, Gaynor EC. Accumulation of Peptidoglycan O-Acetylation Leads to Altered Cell Wall Biochemistry and Negatively Impacts Pathogenesis Factors of Campylobacter jejuni. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22686-22702. [PMID: 27474744 PMCID: PMC5077204 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.746404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world. Despite its prevalence, its mechanisms of pathogenesis are poorly understood. Peptidoglycan (PG) is important for helical shape, colonization, and host-pathogen interactions in C. jejuni Therefore, changes in PG greatly impact the physiology of this organism. O-acetylation of peptidoglycan (OAP) is a bacterial phenomenon proposed to be important for proper cell growth, characterized by acetylation of the C6 hydroxyl group of N-acetylmuramic acid in the PG glycan backbone. The OAP gene cluster consists of a PG O-acetyltransferase A (patA) for translocation of acetate into the periplasm, a PG O-acetyltransferase B (patB) for O-acetylation, and an O-acetylpeptidoglycan esterase (ape1) for de-O-acetylation. In this study, reduced OAP in ΔpatA and ΔpatB had minimal impact on C. jejuni growth and fitness under the conditions tested. However, accumulation of OAP in Δape1 resulted in marked differences in PG biochemistry, including O-acetylation, anhydromuropeptide levels, and changes not expected to result directly from Ape1 activity. This suggests that OAP may be a form of substrate level regulation in PG biosynthesis. Ape1 acetylesterase activity was confirmed in vitro using p-nitrophenyl acetate and O-acetylated PG as substrates. In addition, Δape1 exhibited defects in pathogenesis-associated phenotypes, including cell shape, motility, biofilm formation, cell surface hydrophobicity, and sodium deoxycholate sensitivity. Δape1 was also impaired for chick colonization and adhesion, invasion, intracellular survival, and induction of IL-8 production in INT407 cells in vitro The importance of Ape1 in C. jejuni biology makes it a good candidate as an antimicrobial target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Ha
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Emilisa Frirdich
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - David Sychantha
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jacob Biboy
- the Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, United Kingdom, and
| | - Michael E Taveirne
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Jeremiah G Johnson
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Victor J DiRita
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Waldemar Vollmer
- the Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, United Kingdom, and
| | - Anthony J Clarke
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Erin C Gaynor
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada,
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Frirdich E, Vermeulen J, Biboy J, Soares F, Taveirne ME, Johnson JG, DiRita VJ, Girardin SE, Vollmer W, Gaynor EC. Peptidoglycan LD-carboxypeptidase Pgp2 influences Campylobacter jejuni helical cell shape and pathogenic properties and provides the substrate for the DL-carboxypeptidase Pgp1. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8007-18. [PMID: 24394413 PMCID: PMC3961634 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.491829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of Campylobacter jejuni as a pathogen, little is known about the fundamental aspects of its peptidoglycan (PG) structure and factors modulating its helical morphology. A PG dl-carboxypeptidase Pgp1 essential for maintenance of C. jejuni helical shape was recently identified. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the CJJ81176_0915 gene product as co-occurring with Pgp1 in several organisms. Deletion of cjj81176_0915 (renamed pgp2) resulted in straight morphology, representing the second C. jejuni gene affecting cell shape. The PG structure of a Δpgp2 mutant showed an increase in tetrapeptide-containing muropeptides and a complete absence of tripeptides, consistent with ld-carboxypeptidase activity, which was confirmed biochemically. PG analysis of a Δpgp1Δpgp2 double mutant demonstrated that Pgp2 activity is required to generate the tripeptide substrate for Pgp1. Loss of pgp2 affected several pathogenic properties; the deletion strain was defective for motility in semisolid agar, biofilm formation, and fluorescence on calcofluor white. Δpgp2 PG also caused decreased stimulation of the human nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (Nod1) proinflammatory mediator in comparison with wild type, as expected from the reduction in muropeptide tripeptides (the primary Nod1 agonist) in the mutant; however, these changes did not alter the ability of the Δpgp2 mutant strain to survive within human epithelial cells or to elicit secretion of IL-8 from epithelial cells after infection. The pgp2 mutant also showed significantly reduced fitness in a chick colonization model. Collectively, these analyses enhance our understanding of C. jejuni PG maturation and help to clarify how PG structure and cell shape impact pathogenic attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilisa Frirdich
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Taveirne ME, Theriot CM, Livny J, DiRita VJ. The complete Campylobacter jejuni transcriptome during colonization of a natural host determined by RNAseq. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73586. [PMID: 23991199 PMCID: PMC3749233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major human pathogen and a leading cause of bacterial derived gastroenteritis worldwide. C. jejuni regulates gene expression under various environmental conditions and stresses, indicative of its ability to survive in diverse niches. Despite this ability to highly regulate gene transcription, C. jejuni encodes few transcription factors and its genome lacks many canonical transcriptional regulators. High throughput deep sequencing of mRNA transcripts (termed RNAseq) has been used to study the transcriptome of many different organisms, including C. jejuni; however, this technology has yet to be applied to defining the transcriptome of C. jejuni during in vivo colonization of its natural host, the chicken. In addition to its use in profiling the abundance of annotated genes, RNAseq is a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying, as-of-yet, unknown transcripts including non-coding regulatory RNAs, 5’ untranslated regulatory elements, and anti-sense transcripts. Here we report the complete transcriptome of C. jejuni during colonization of the chicken cecum and in two different in vitro growth phases using strand-specific RNAseq. Through this study, we identified over 250 genes differentially expressed in vivo in addition to numerous putative regulatory RNAs, including trans-acting non-coding RNAs and anti-sense transcripts. These latter potential regulatory elements were not identified in two prior studies using ORF-based microarrays, highlighting the power and value of the RNAseq approach. Our results provide new insights into how C. jejuni responds and adapts to the cecal environment and reveals new functions involved in colonization of its natural host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Taveirne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Casey M. Theriot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Livny
- Genome Sequencing and Analysis Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VJD); (JL)
| | - Victor J. DiRita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VJD); (JL)
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Taveirne ME, Sikes ML, Olson JW. Molybdenum and tungsten in Campylobacter jejuni: their physiological role and identification of separate transporters regulated by a single ModE-like protein. Mol Microbiol 2010; 74:758-71. [PMID: 19919002 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is an important human pathogen that causes millions of cases of food-borne enteritis each year. The C. jejuni respiratory chain is highly branched and contains at least four enzymes predicted to contain a metal binding pterin (MPT), with the metal being either molybdenum or tungsten. Also predicted are two separate transport systems, one for molybdenum encoded by modABC and a second for tungsten encoded by tupABC. Both transport systems were mutated and the activities of the four predicted MPT-containing enzymes were assayed in the presence of molybdenum and tungsten in wild-type and mod and tup backgrounds. Results indicate that mod is primarily a molybdenum transporter that can also transport tungsten, while tup is a tungsten-specific transporter. The MPT containing enzymes nitrate reductase, sulphite oxidase, and SN oxide reductase are strict molybdoenzymes while formate dehydrogenase prefers tungsten. A ModE-like protein regulates both transporters, repressing mod in the presence of both molybdenum and tungsten and tup only in the presence of tungsten. Like other ModE proteins, the C. jejuni ModE binds DNA through a helix-turn-helix DNA binding domain, but unlike other members of the ModE family it does not have a metal binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Taveirne
- Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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