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Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
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T, Tamori Y, Tamura R, Tamura Y, Tan CHH, Tan EZZ, Tanabe A, Tanabe K, Tanaka A, Tanaka A, Tanaka N, Tang S, Tang Z, Tanigaki K, Tarlac M, Tatsuzawa A, Tay JF, Tay LL, Taylor J, Taylor K, Taylor K, Te A, Tenbusch L, Teng KS, Terakawa A, Terry J, Tham ZD, Tholl S, Thomas G, Thong KM, Tietjen D, Timadjer A, Tindall H, Tipper S, Tobin K, Toda N, Tokuyama A, Tolibas M, Tomita A, Tomita T, Tomlinson J, Tonks L, Topf J, Topping S, Torp A, Torres A, Totaro F, Toth P, Toyonaga Y, Tripodi F, Trivedi K, Tropman E, Tschope D, Tse J, Tsuji K, Tsunekawa S, Tsunoda R, Tucky B, Tufail S, Tuffaha A, Turan E, Turner H, Turner J, Turner M, Tuttle KR, Tye YL, Tyler A, Tyler J, Uchi H, Uchida H, Uchida T, Uchida T, Udagawa T, Ueda S, Ueda Y, Ueki K, Ugni S, Ugwu E, Umeno R, Unekawa C, Uozumi K, Urquia K, Valleteau A, Valletta C, van Erp R, Vanhoy C, Varad V, Varma R, Varughese A, Vasquez P, Vasseur A, Veelken R, Velagapudi C, Verdel K, Vettoretti S, Vezzoli G, Vielhauer V, Viera R, Vilar E, Villaruel S, 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Yamada N, Yamagata K, Yamaguchi M, Yamaji Y, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Yamanaka A, Yamano T, Yamanouchi Y, Yamasaki N, Yamasaki Y, Yamasaki Y, Yamashita C, Yamauchi T, Yan Q, Yanagisawa E, Yang F, Yang L, Yano S, Yao S, Yao Y, Yarlagadda S, Yasuda Y, Yiu V, Yokoyama T, Yoshida S, Yoshidome E, Yoshikawa H, Young A, Young T, Yousif V, Yu H, Yu Y, Yuasa K, Yusof N, Zalunardo N, Zander B, Zani R, Zappulo F, Zayed M, Zemann B, Zettergren P, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Zhong H, Zhou N, Zhou S, Zhu D, Zhu L, Zhu S, Zietz M, Zippo M, Zirino F, Zulkipli FH. Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
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Koncar I, Nikolic D, Milosevic Z, Bogavac-Stanojevic N, Ilic N, Dragas M, Sladojevic M, Markovic M, Vujcic A, Filipovic N, Davidovic L. Abdominal aortic aneurysm volume and relative intraluminal thrombus volume might be auxiliary predictors of rupture-an observational cross-sectional study. Front Surg 2023; 10:1095224. [PMID: 37215356 PMCID: PMC10197926 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1095224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study aimed to identify differences and compare anatomical and biomechanical features between elective and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Methods Data (clinical, anatomical, and biomechanical) of 98 patients with AAA, 75 (76.53%) asymptomatic (Group aAAA) and 23 (23.46%) ruptured AAA (Group rAAA), were prospectively collected and analyzed. Anatomical, morphological, and biomechanical imaging markers like peak wall stress (PWS) and rupture risk equivalent diameter (RRED), comorbid conditions, and demographics were compared between the groups. Biomechanical features were assessed by analysis of Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine images by A4clinics (Vascops), and anatomical features were assessed by 3Surgery (Trimensio). Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis were used and adjusted for confounders. Accuracy was assessed using receiving operative characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results In a multivariable model, including gender and age as confounder variables, maximal aneurysm diameter [MAD, odds ratio (OR) = 1.063], relative intraluminal thrombus (rILT, OR = 1.039), and total aneurysm volume (TAV, OR = 1.006) continued to be significant predictors of AAA rupture with PWS (OR = 1.010) and RRED (OR = 1.031). Area under the ROC curve values and correct classification (cc) for the same parameters and the model that combines MAD, TAV, and rILT were measured: MAD (0.790, cc = 75%), PWS (0.713, cc = 73%), RRED (0.717, cc = 55%), TAV (0.756, cc = 79%), rILT (0.656, cc = 60%), and MAD + TAV + rILT (0.797, cc = 82%). Conclusion Based on our results, in addition to MAD, other important predictors of rupture that might be used during aneurysm surveillance are TAV and rILT. Biomechanical parameters (PWS, RRED) as valuable predictors should be assessed in prospective clinical trials. Similar studies on AAA smaller than 55 mm in diameter, even difficult to organize, would be of even greater clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Koncar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D. Nikolic
- Research and Development Center for Bioengineering BioIRC, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Z. Milosevic
- Research and Development Center for Bioengineering BioIRC, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - N. Ilic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M. Dragas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M. Sladojevic
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M. Markovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A. Vujcic
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N. Filipovic
- Research and Development Center for Bioengineering BioIRC, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - L. Davidovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Bjekic M, Markovic M, Dejanovic L. Genital rash as an initial presentation of monkeypox. An Bras Dermatol 2023; 98:114-115. [PMID: 36376116 PMCID: PMC9650969 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Bjekic
- City Institute for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Markovic
- City Institute for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia,Corresponding author
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Abstract
Dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity can lead to alpha-synuclein (α-syn) misfolding, aggregation, and post-translational modifications in Parkinson’s disease (PD). This process is driven by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which can contribute to the release of neurotoxic oligomers that facilitate dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Strategies that promote vaccines and antibodies target the clearance of misfolded, modified α-syn, while gene therapy approaches propose to deliver intracellular single chain nanobodies to mitigate α-syn misfolding, or to deliver neurotrophic factors that support neuronal viability in an otherwise neurotoxic environment. Additionally, transformative immune responses provide potential targets for PD therapeutics. Anti-inflammatory drugs represent one strategy that principally affects innate immunity. Considerable research efforts have focused on transforming the balance of pro-inflammatory effector T cells (Teffs) to favor regulatory T cell (Treg) activity, which aims to attenuate neuroinflammation and support reparative and neurotrophic homeostasis. This approach serves to control innate microglial neurotoxic activities and may facilitate clearance of α-syn aggregates accordingly. More recently, changes in the intestinal microbiome have been shown to alter the gut-immune-brain axis leading to suppressed leakage of bacterial products that can promote peripheral inflammation and α-syn misfolding. Together, each of the approaches serves to interdict chronic inflammation associated with disordered immunity and neurodegeneration. Herein, we examine research strategies aimed at improving clinical outcomes in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maamoon Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Milica Markovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Katherine E. Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R. Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Yeapuri P, Olson KE, Lu Y, Abdelmoaty MM, Namminga KL, Markovic M, Machhi J, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. Development of an extended half-life GM-CSF fusion protein for Parkinson's disease. J Control Release 2022; 348:951-965. [PMID: 35738463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transformation of CD4+ T cell effector to regulatory (Teff to Treg) cells have been shown to attenuate disease progression by restoring immunological balance during the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In our prior studies, we defined a safe and effective pathway to restore this balance by restoring Treg numbers and function through the daily administration of the cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). These studies were conducted as a proof-of-concept testing in Parkinson's disease (PD) preclinical models and early phase I clinical investigations. In both instances, they served to ameliorate disease associated signs and symptoms. However, despite the recorded efficacy, the cytokine's short half-life, low bioavailability, and injection site reactions proved to be limitations for any broader use. To overcome these limitations, mRNA lipid nanoparticles encoding an extended half-life albumin-GM-CSF fusion protein were developed for both mouse (Msa-GM-CSF) and rat (Rsa-GM-CSF). These formulations were tested for immunomodulatory and neuroprotective efficacy using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and human wild-type alpha-synuclein (αSyn) overexpression preclinical models of PD. A single dose of the extended half-life mouse and rat mRNA lipid nanoparticles generated measurable GM-CSF plasma cytokine levels up to four days. Increased Treg frequency and function were associated with a resting microglial phenotype, nigrostriatal neuroprotection, and restoration of brain tissue immune homeostasis. These findings were substantively beyond the recorded efficacy of daily recombinant wild-type GM-CSF with a recorded half-life of six hours. Mechanistic evaluation of neuropathological transcriptional profiles performed in the disease-affected nigral brain region demonstrated an upregulation of neuroprotective CREB and synaptogenesis signaling and neurovascular coupling pathways. These findings highlight the mRNA-encoded albumin GM-CSF fusion protein modification linked to improvements in therapeutic efficacy. The improvements achieved were associated with the medicine's increased bioavailability. Taken together, the data demonstrate that mRNA LNP encoding the extended half-life albumin-GM-CSF fusion protein can serve as a benchmark for PD immune-based therapeutics. This is especially notable for improving adherence of drug regimens in a disease-affected patient population with known tremors and gait abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Yeapuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Katherine E Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Yaman Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Mai Mohamed Abdelmoaty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Krista L Namminga
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Milica Markovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Deodhar S, Sillman B, Bade AN, Avedissian SN, Podany AT, McMillan JM, Gautam N, Hanson B, Dyavar Shetty BL, Szlachetka A, Johnston M, Thurman M, Munt DJ, Dash AK, Markovic M, Dahan A, Alnouti Y, Yazdi A, Kevadiya BD, Byrareddy SN, Cohen SM, Edagwa B, Gendelman HE. Transformation of dolutegravir into an ultra-long-acting parenteral prodrug formulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3226. [PMID: 35680875 PMCID: PMC9184486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-long-acting integrase strand transfer inhibitors were created by screening a library of monomeric and dimeric dolutegravir (DTG) prodrug nanoformulations. This led to an 18-carbon chain modified ester prodrug nanocrystal (coined NM2DTG) with the potential to sustain yearly dosing. Here, we show that the physiochemical and pharmacokinetic (PK) formulation properties facilitate slow drug release from tissue macrophage depot stores at the muscle injection site and adjacent lymphoid tissues following single parenteral injection. Significant plasma drug levels are recorded up to a year following injection. Tissue sites for prodrug hydrolysis are dependent on nanocrystal dissolution and prodrug release, drug-depot volume, perfusion, and cell-tissue pH. Each affect an extended NM2DTG apparent half-life recorded by PK parameters. The NM2DTG product can impact therapeutic adherence, tolerability, and access of a widely used integrase inhibitor in both resource limited and rich settings to reduce HIV-1 transmission and achieve optimal treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyash Deodhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Brady Sillman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.,Nebraska Nanomedicine Production Plant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sean N Avedissian
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Anthony T Podany
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - JoEllyn M McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Brandon Hanson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Bhagya L Dyavar Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Adam Szlachetka
- Nebraska Nanomedicine Production Plant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Morgan Johnston
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Michellie Thurman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Daniel J Munt
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Alekha K Dash
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Milica Markovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Alborz Yazdi
- Exavir Therapeutics, Inc., New York, NY, 10012, USA
| | - Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Nebraska Nanomedicine Production Plant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Exavir Therapeutics, Inc., New York, NY, 10012, USA.
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Nebraska Nanomedicine Production Plant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Exavir Therapeutics, Inc., New York, NY, 10012, USA.
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8
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Markovic M. Employment status of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder treated with long acting injectable paliperidone palmitate: Real world mirror image study. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9567537 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders may severely limit ability to achieve and maintain gainful employment of affected working-age individuals.
Objectives
Assess the employment status in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders treated with long acting injectable paliperidone palmitate after the switch from oral antipsychotics.
Methods
A single centre mirror image design study of 115 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder was conducted in a tertiary level psychiatric hospital. Data were collected for period of 12 months prior toand 12 months after switching from oral antipsychotic to long acting injectable paliperidone.Employment status for 6 enrolled patients was missing.
Results
Mean age of enrolled patients was 38,4±11,6 years. Of the 109 patients analyzed for employment status, 44,4% remained employed for 12 months after switching to long acting injectable paliperidone while 4,6% patients changed their employment status from unemployed to employed after the switch. No patient changed their employment status from employed to unemployed after the switch. 9,2% patients were already retired at the beginning of study period and 5,5% of patients maintained their student status. 36,7% patients remained unemployed for the whole study period. The correlation between employment status of employed and unemployed patients and duration of illness was borderline significant with p=0,049.
Conclusions
The data from this study suggest that use of long acting injectable paliperidone contributed to preservation of working ability of working-age patients suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
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Machhi J, Yeapuri P, Markovic M, Patel M, Yan W, Lu Y, Cohen JD, Hasan M, Abdelmoaty MM, Zhou Y, Xiong H, Wang X, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE, Kevadiya BD. Europium-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Microglial Amyloid Beta Clearance and Homeostasis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1232-1244. [PMID: 35312284 PMCID: PMC9227977 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Pathologically, the disease is characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles. These drive microglia neuroinflammation and consequent neurodegeneration. While the means to affect Aβ plaque accumulation pharmacologically was achieved, how it affects disease outcomes remains uncertain. Cerium oxide (CeO2) reduces Aβ plaques, oxidative stress, inflammation, and AD signs and symptoms. In particular, CeO2 nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) induce free-radical-scavenging and cell protective intracellular signaling. This can ameliorate the pathobiology of an AD-affected brain. To investigate whether CeO2NPs affect microglia neurotoxic responses, a novel formulation of europium-doped CeO2NPs (EuCeO2NPs) was synthesized. We then tested EuCeO2NPs for its ability to generate cellular immune homeostasis in AD models. EuCeO2NPs attenuated microglia BV2 inflammatory activities after Aβ1-42 exposure by increasing the cells' phagocytic and Aβ degradation activities. These were associated with increases in the expression of the CD36 scavenger receptor. EuCeO2NPs facilitated Aβ endolysosomal trafficking and abrogated microglial inflammatory responses. We posit that EuCeO2NPs may be developed as an AD immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Pravin Yeapuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Milica Markovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Milankumar Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Wenhui Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yaman Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Jacob D. Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Mai Mohamed Abdelmoaty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - You Zhou
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Huangui Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - R. Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Bhavesh D. Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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Markovic M, Ben-Shabat S, Nagendra Manda J, Abramov-Harpaz K, Regev C, Miller Y, Aponick A, Zimmermann EM, Dahan A. PLA 2-Triggered Activation of Cyclosporine-Phospholipid Prodrug as a Drug Targeting Approach in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030675. [PMID: 35336048 PMCID: PMC8950246 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral medication with activity specifically at the inflamed sites throughout the gastrointestinal tract and limited systemic exposure would be a major advance in our therapeutic approach to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). For this purpose, we have designed a prodrug by linking active drug moiety to phospholipid (PL), the substrate of phospholipase A2 (PLA2). PLA2 expression and activity is significantly elevated in the inflamed intestinal tissues of IBD patients. Since PLA2 enzyme specifically hydrolyses the sn-2 bond within PLs, in our PL-based prodrug approach, the sn-2 positioned FA is replaced with cyclosporine, so that PLA2 may be exploited as the prodrug-activating enzyme, releasing the free drug from the PL-complex. Owing to the enzyme overexpression, this may effectively target free cyclosporine to the sites of inflammation. Four PL-cyclosporine prodrugs were synthesized, differing by their linker length between the PL and the drug moiety. To study the prodrug activation, a novel enzymatically enriched model was developed, the colonic brush border membrane vesicles (cBBMVs); in this model, tissue vesicles were produced from colitis-induced (vs. healthy) rat colons. PLA2 overexpression (3.4-fold) was demonstrated in diseased vs. healthy cBBMVs. Indeed, while healthy cBBMVs induced only marginal activation, substantial prodrug activation was evident by colitis-derived cBBMVs. Together with the PLA2 overexpression, these data validate our drug targeting strategy. In the diseased cBBMVs, quick and complete activation of the entire dose was obtained for the 12-carbon linker prodrug, while slow and marginal activation was obtained for the 6/8-carbon linkers. The potential to target the actual sites of inflammation and treat any localizations throughout the GIT, together with the extended therapeutic index, makes this orally delivered prodrug approach an exciting new therapeutic strategy for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | | | - Karina Abramov-Harpaz
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (K.A.-H.); (C.R.); (Y.M.)
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Clil Regev
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (K.A.-H.); (C.R.); (Y.M.)
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (K.A.-H.); (C.R.); (Y.M.)
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA; (J.N.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Ellen M. Zimmermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Correspondence:
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Markovic M, Yeapuri P, Namminga KL, Lu Y, Saleh M, Olson KE, Gendelman HE, Mosley RL. Interleukin-2 expands neuroprotective regulatory T cells in Parkinson's disease. NeuroImmune Pharm Ther 2022; 1:43-50. [PMID: 38407500 PMCID: PMC9254387 DOI: 10.1515/nipt-2022-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Pharmacological approaches that boost neuroprotective regulatory T cell (Treg) number and function lead to neuroprotective activities in neurodegenerative disorders. Objectives We investigated whether low-dose interleukin 2 (IL-2) expands Treg populations and protects nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in a model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods IL-2 at 2.5 × 104 IU/dose/mouse was administered for 5 days. Lymphocytes were isolated and phenotype determined by flow cytometric analyses. To 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intoxicated mice, 0.5 × 106 of enriched IL-2-induced Tregs were adoptively transferred to assess the effects on nigrostriatal neuron survival. Results IL-2 increased frequencies of CD4+CD25+CD127lowFoxP3+ Tregs that express ICOS and CD39 in blood and spleen. Adoptive transfer of IL-2-induced Tregs to MPTP-treated recipients increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)+ nigral dopaminergic neuronal bodies by 51% and TH+ striatal termini by 52% compared to control MPTP-treated animal controls. Conclusions IL-2 expands numbers of neuroprotective Tregs providing a vehicle for neuroprotection of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in a pre-clinical PD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pravin Yeapuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Krista L. Namminga
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yaman Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maamoon Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Katherine E. Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R. Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198Omaha, NE, USA
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Markovic M, Abramov-Harpaz K, Regev C, Ben-Shabat S, Aponick A, Zimmermann EM, Miller Y, Dahan A. Prodrug-Based Targeting Approach for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Therapy: Mechanistic Study of Phospholipid-Linker-Cyclosporine PLA 2-Mediated Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052673. [PMID: 35269813 PMCID: PMC8910962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutics with activity specifically at the inflamed sites throughout the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) would be a major advance in our therapeutic approach to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to develop the prodrug approach that can allow such site-specific drug delivery. Currently, using cyclosporine as a drug of choice in IBD is limited to the most severe cases due to substantial systemic toxicities and narrow therapeutic index of this drug. Previously, we synthesized a series of a phospholipid-linker-cyclosporine (PLC) prodrugs designed to exploit the overexpression of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in the inflamed intestinal tissues, as the prodrug-activating enzyme. Nevertheless, the extent and rate of prodrug activation differed significantly. In this study we applied in-vitro and modern in-silico tools based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, to gain insight into the dynamics and mechanisms of the PLC prodrug activation. We aimed to elucidate the reason for the significant activation change between different linker lengths in our prodrug design. Our work reveals that the PLC conjugate with the 12-carbon linker length yields the optimal prodrug activation by PLA2 in comparison to shorter linker length (6-carbons). This optimized length efficiently allows cyclosporine to be released from the prodrug to the active pocket of PLA2. This newly developed mechanistic approach, presented in this study, can be applied for future prodrug optimization to accomplish optimal prodrug activation and drug targeting in various conditions that include overexpression of PLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Karina Abramov-Harpaz
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (K.A.-H.); (C.R.)
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Clil Regev
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (K.A.-H.); (C.R.)
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA;
| | - Ellen M. Zimmermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (K.A.-H.); (C.R.)
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (A.D.)
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Petrovic B, Faj D, Markovic M, Paunovic D, Stankovic J, Krestic-Vesovic J, Miskovic I, Cicarevic K, Kasabasic M, Bibic J, Budanec M, Kralik I, Galic S, Hrepic D, Ibrisimovic L, Davidovic J, Kolarevic G, Novakovic T. Assessment of different CT simulators used in radiotherapy treatment planning: regional multicentric study. Phys Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)00375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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14
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Biondo MI, Fiorentino C, Persechino S, Tammaro A, Koverech A, Bartolazzi A, Raffa S, Canzoni M, Picchianti-Diamanti A, Di Rosa R, Di Zenzo G, Scala E, Meneguzzi G, Ferlito C, Markovic M, Caporuscio S, Sorgi ML, Salemi S, Laganà B. May Bacterial Infections Trigger Bullous Pemphigoid? Case Report and Review of Literature. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061235. [PMID: 34200214 PMCID: PMC8229970 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering skin disease, mainly observed in the elderly. Infections have been suggested as possible disease triggers. However, infections may even heavily influence the disease clinical course and mortality. A 75-year-old woman was admitted to hospital for severe erythematosus blistering disease, accompanied by hyper-eosinophilia and hyper-IgE. The culture of bullous fluid was positive for Enterococcus faecalis, the blood culture was positive for Staphylococcus aureus, and the urine culture was positive for Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli. Moreover, circulating anti-BP180 IgG was present and the histopathological/ultrastructural examination of a lesional skin biopsy was compatible with BP. High eosinophil levels (up to 3170/µL) were found throughout the clinical course, while values below 1000/µL were associated with clinical improvement. The total IgE was 1273 IU/mL, and specific anti-G/V-penicillin/ampicillin IgE antibodies were positive. The patient had a complete clinical recovery in two months with methyl-prednisolone (40 then 20 mg/day) and low-dose azathioprine (50 mg/day) as a steroid-sparing agent. The steroid treatment was tapered until interruption during a one-year period and intravenous immunoglobulins have been administered for three years in order for azathioprine to also be interrupted. The patient stopped any treatment five years ago and, in this period, has always been in good health. In this case, the contemporaneous onset of different bacterial infections and BP is suggestive of bacterial infections acting as BP trigger(s), with allergic and autoimmune pathways contributing to the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ileen Biondo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza, Università di Roma, AOU S. Andrea, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.I.B.); (C.F.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.-D.); (R.D.R.); (G.M.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Chiara Fiorentino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza, Università di Roma, AOU S. Andrea, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.I.B.); (C.F.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.-D.); (R.D.R.); (G.M.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Severino Persechino
- UOD di Dermatologia, Sapienza, Università di Roma, AOU S. Andrea, 00189 Roma, Italy; (S.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonella Tammaro
- UOD di Dermatologia, Sapienza, Università di Roma, AOU S. Andrea, 00189 Roma, Italy; (S.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Angela Koverech
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza, Università di Roma, AOU S. Andrea, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.I.B.); (C.F.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.-D.); (R.D.R.); (G.M.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Armando Bartolazzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza, Università di Roma, AOU S. Andrea, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.I.B.); (C.F.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.-D.); (R.D.R.); (G.M.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Salvatore Raffa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza, Università di Roma, AOU S. Andrea, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.I.B.); (C.F.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.-D.); (R.D.R.); (G.M.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Marco Canzoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza, Università di Roma, AOU S. Andrea, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.I.B.); (C.F.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.-D.); (R.D.R.); (G.M.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Andrea Picchianti-Diamanti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza, Università di Roma, AOU S. Andrea, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.I.B.); (C.F.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.-D.); (R.D.R.); (G.M.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Roberta Di Rosa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza, Università di Roma, AOU S. Andrea, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.I.B.); (C.F.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.-D.); (R.D.R.); (G.M.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Giovanni Di Zenzo
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, 00167 Roma, Italy; (G.D.Z.); (E.S.)
| | - Enrico Scala
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, 00167 Roma, Italy; (G.D.Z.); (E.S.)
| | - Giorgia Meneguzzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza, Università di Roma, AOU S. Andrea, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.I.B.); (C.F.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.-D.); (R.D.R.); (G.M.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Claudia Ferlito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza, Università di Roma, AOU S. Andrea, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.I.B.); (C.F.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.-D.); (R.D.R.); (G.M.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Milica Markovic
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza, Università di Roma, AOU S. Andrea, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.I.B.); (C.F.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.-D.); (R.D.R.); (G.M.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Sara Caporuscio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza, Università di Roma, AOU S. Andrea, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.I.B.); (C.F.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.-D.); (R.D.R.); (G.M.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Maria Laura Sorgi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza, Università di Roma, AOU S. Andrea, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.I.B.); (C.F.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.-D.); (R.D.R.); (G.M.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Simonetta Salemi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza, Università di Roma, AOU S. Andrea, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.I.B.); (C.F.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.-D.); (R.D.R.); (G.M.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Bruno Laganà
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza, Università di Roma, AOU S. Andrea, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.I.B.); (C.F.); (A.K.); (A.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.-D.); (R.D.R.); (G.M.); (C.F.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (B.L.)
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Dash PK, Gorantla S, Poluektova L, Hasan M, Waight E, Zhang C, Markovic M, Edagwa B, Machhi J, Olson KE, Wang X, Mosley RL, Kevadiya B, Gendelman HE. Humanized Mice for Infectious and Neurodegenerative disorders. Retrovirology 2021; 18:13. [PMID: 34090462 PMCID: PMC8179712 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanized mice model human disease and as such are used commonly for research studies of infectious, degenerative and cancer disorders. Recent models also reflect hematopoiesis, natural immunity, neurobiology, and molecular pathways that influence disease pathobiology. A spectrum of immunodeficient mouse strains permit long-lived human progenitor cell engraftments. The presence of both innate and adaptive immunity enables high levels of human hematolymphoid reconstitution with cell susceptibility to a broad range of microbial infections. These mice also facilitate investigations of human pathobiology, natural disease processes and therapeutic efficacy in a broad spectrum of human disorders. However, a bridge between humans and mice requires a complete understanding of pathogen dose, co-morbidities, disease progression, environment, and genetics which can be mirrored in these mice. These must be considered for understanding of microbial susceptibility, prevention, and disease progression. With known common limitations for access to human tissues, evaluation of metabolic and physiological changes and limitations in large animal numbers, studies in mice prove important in planning human clinical trials. To these ends, this review serves to outline how humanized mice can be used in viral and pharmacologic research emphasizing both current and future studies of viral and neurodegenerative diseases. In all, humanized mouse provides cost-effective, high throughput studies of infection or degeneration in natural pathogen host cells, and the ability to test transmission and eradication of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta K Dash
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Larisa Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Emiko Waight
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Milica Markovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Katherine E Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Bhavesh Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Stefanovic M, Stankovic I, Jemcov T, Janicijevic A, Zec N, Kusic Milicevic J, Markovic M, Vidakovic R, Neskovic AN. Mechanical dispersion is associated with clinical and subclinical coronary artery disease in patients on chronic renal replacement therapy with normal left ventricular ejection fraction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa356.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Introduction
Since coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with end-stage renal failure, early detection of CAD in these patients presenting with still normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function is of clinical importance.
Aim
To investigate the correlation between electrical and mechanical dispersion and CAD in dialysis patients with normal LV systolic function.
Material and methods: This prospective study included 78 dialysis patients who underwent a 12-channel electrocardiogram and echocardiographic examination to determine electrical and mechanical myocardial dispersion. A coronary calcium score using cardiac computed tomography was also assessed in a group of 20 patients without known CAD. Electrical dispersion was defined as the difference between the longest and shortest corrected QT interval (QTc). Mechanical dispersion (MD) was defined as either standard deviation of mechanical contraction duration of all LV segments (MD_SD) or the difference between the longest and shortest duration of mechanical contraction (MD_delta). The duration of mechanical contraction was determined by myocardial strain analysis.
Results
Previously known CAD was present in 11 (14%) patients, while pathologic Q wave was absent in all patients. No significant correlation was observed between QTc dispersion and both MD parameters (p > 0.05 for both). Both MD parameters (p = 0.007 for MD_SD; p = 0.026 for MD_delta), but not electrical dispersion (p = 0.584), showed a discriminative power for detecting previously known CAD (Figure). In patients without known CAD, neither QTc dispersion nor MD_SD showed a correlation with coronary calcium score (p > 0.05 for both). MD_delta showed a strong correlation with both total and coronary calcium score in the territory of the left anterior descending coronary artery (r = 0.62; p = 0.004) in patients without previously known CAD.
Conclusion
Mechanical dispersion is associated with known CAD in dialysis patients with normal LV systolic function. The range of mechanical myocardial contraction duration (MD_delta) correlates with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis.
Figure. Discriminative power of mechanical and electrical dispersion for the detection of coronary artery disease
Abstract Figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stefanovic
- Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - I Stankovic
- Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - T Jemcov
- Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - N Zec
- Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - M Markovic
- Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - R Vidakovic
- Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - AN Neskovic
- Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
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Markovic M, Ben-Shabat S, Dahan A. Prodrugs for Improved Drug Delivery: Lessons Learned from Recently Developed and Marketed Products. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111031. [PMID: 33137942 PMCID: PMC7692606 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodrugs are bioreversible, inactive drug derivatives, which have the ability to convert into a parent drug in the body. In the past, prodrugs were used as a last option; however, nowadays, prodrugs are considered already in the early stages of drug development. Optimal prodrug needs to have effective absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) features to be chemically stable, to be selective towards the particular site in the body, and to have appropriate safety. Traditional prodrug approach aims to improve physicochemical/biopharmaceutical drug properties; modern prodrugs also include cellular and molecular parameters to accomplish desired drug effect and site-specificity. Here, we present recently investigated prodrugs, their pharmaceutical and clinical advantages, and challenges facing the overall prodrug development. Given examples illustrate that prodrugs can accomplish appropriate solubility, increase permeability, provide site-specific targeting (i.e., to organs, tissues, enzymes, or transporters), overcome rapid drug metabolism, decrease toxicity, or provide better patient compliance, all with the aim to provide optimal drug therapy and outcome. Overall, the prodrug approach is a powerful tool to decrease the time/costs of developing new drug entities and improve overall drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arik Dahan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-8-6479483; Fax: +972-8-6479303
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Manda JN, Markovic M, Zimmermann EM, Ben-Shabat S, Dahan A, Aponick A. Phospholipid Cyclosporine Prodrugs Targeted at Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Treatment: Design, Synthesis, and in Vitro Validation. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1639-1644. [PMID: 32618133 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Novel phospholipid (PL)-cyclosporine conjugates were prepared and studied as potential prodrugs for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our approach relies on phospholipase A2 (PLA2 ), which is overexpressed in the inflamed intestinal tissues, as the prodrug activator to potentially release cyclosporine at the site of inflammation. PL-cyclosporine prodrug conjugates with methylene linkers of various lengths between the sn-2 position of the PL and cyclosporine were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro activation. Surprisingly, despite previous work indicating that conjugates with six methylene linkers between the lipid and drug would suffer rapid enzymatic hydrolysis, with cyclosporine this was not observed. However, compounds with longer linkers (n=10, 12 methylene units) display complete release of the drug by PLA2 -catalyzed hydrolysis, thus demonstrating the importance and profound impact of structural fine-tuning. This study represents a proof-of-concept for our hypothesis and a first step towards a truly targeted IBD treatment with cyclosporine that could be administered throughout the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Nagendra Manda
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds & Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Ellen M Zimmermann
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds & Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Jankovic S, Matijevic D, Grujicic A, Markovic M, Stefanovic N, Kovacevic N, Tamburkovski G. Support to responsive parenting through communication tools. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Issue
Counselling unit for positive parenting “Halobeba” has been established at Institute of Public Health of Belgrade with support of UNICEF in order to enable continuum of mother and child health care. Availability of information on child care and development was noticed as significant factor for parental confidence and practice.
Description of the problem
Trained nurses provide responses to parental questions through 24/7 phone and e mail communication to assist in problem solving and offer emotional support. Nurses are skilled in active listening, proper questioning, counselling and effective encouragement. Free mob app on breastfeeding was developed as knowledge base for parents. New interactive mob app was recently launched as parenting tool for child health and development monitoring.
Results
Since 2002, more than 1,700,000 responses were provided through phone communication and over 20,000 via email and number of beneficiaries has increased over the years. Most common topics were about breastfeeding, introducing solid food, treatment of fever and respiratory infections, gastrointestinal problems, injuries, immunization, and developmental milestones. Less than 15% of cases were referred to pediatric clinic. Level of parental overall satisfaction was very high and availability and effectiveness of service were especially valued as well as nurses communication skills.
Lessons
Family centered service that corresponds to caregivers needs is effective approach to support nurturing care for young children. Personalized M-health tools make child care more accessible and build capacities of caregivers.
Key messages
Sending consistent and trusted messages through different communication channels contribute to enhancing users' knowledge and skills. Knowledgeable and responsive caregivers properly interpret child’s needs, respond appropriately, facilitate the child’s social and emotional development, and provide proper care.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jankovic
- Institue of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Matijevic
- Institue of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Grujicic
- Institue of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Markovic
- Institue of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N Stefanovic
- Institue of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N Kovacevic
- Institue of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Markovic M, Zur M, Dahan A, Cvijić S. Biopharmaceutical characterization of rebamipide: The role of mucus binding in regional-dependent intestinal permeability. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 152:105440. [PMID: 32615260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to elucidate biopharmaceutical characteristics of the anti-ulcer drug rebamipide, with special emphasis on the influence of gastrointestinal (GI) mucus on rebamipide segmental-dependent permeability and absorption. Experimental studies and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (GastroPlusTM) simulations were used to elucidate segmental-dependent absorption and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile, accounting for various drug properties, including solubility/dissolution limitations, regional-dependent drug affinity to mucus and membrane permeability, as well as physiological factors such as regional-pH differences along the intestine, thickness and types of mucus, transit time and surface areas. Low permeability and extensive binding to GI mucus were the key modeling features, and accounting for these resulted in good fitting between the predicted and in-vivo PK profiles, validating the ability of the model to pinpoint the underlying mechanisms of rebamipide limited oral bioavailability. Furthermore, the simulations indicated regional-dependent intestinal permeability of rebamipide, with absorption rank order of jejunum>ileum>duodenum>colon, mainly attributable to segmental mucus differences. Food effect simulations indicated somewhat decreased rebamipide absorption in the fed state, in corroboration with previous reports. Since this anti-ulcer drug is currently examined for additional indications, this work provides important input for future development of rebamipide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Moran Zur
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Sandra Cvijić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade 11221, Serbia
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Markovic M, Glisic B, Petronijevic M. AB0207 CLINICAL IMPACT OF ANTI-CARP ANTIBODIES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Antibodies directed against carbamylated proteins (anti-CarP) have been recently introduced for the first time as a new biomarker in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (1). Their presence is predictive for the development of RA (2). Anti-CarP antibodies are associated with the development of more severe forms of the disease in overall and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies negative population of patients with RA (3). In the literature is still current the research which associate these antibodies with disease activity and functional status of patients.Objectives:This study investigated the incidence of anti-CarP positive findings in patients with RA on synthetic and biologic disease-modifying therapy (DMT) and the relationship between anti-CarP antibody status and both disability and disease activity.Methods:It was an open-label, observational, cross-sectional study. The trial included 70 patients with RA diagnosed on the basis of ACR 1987 and ACR / EULAR 2010 criteria, on treatment with synthetic and biological DMT, who attended the Clinic of Rheumatology, Military Medical Academy, from September to December 2018.The control group consisted of 18 healthy individuals. After approval of the institutional Ethical Committee and after patients have signed Informed Consent,the study was conducted. Disease activity score (DAS28) was determined for the assessment of RA activity, and the assessment of patients’ functional ability was performed using the Health assessment questionnaire disability index (HAQ-DI). Concentration of anti-CarP antibodies was determined by commercial ELISA anti-CarP quantitative sandwich immunoassay. The methods of descriptive and analytical statistics were used in statistical data processing.Results:Based on the cut-off value (5.9 ng / ml), no one in the control group had positive anti-CarP antibodies, while 34.7% of the subjects with RA were positive. The positive correlation was found between anti-CarP antibody concentration and DAS28 in all RA patients (p = 0.0003; Pearson r = 0.4829). The positive correlation was also found between anti-CarP antibody concentration and HAQ-DI in all RA patients (p = 0.0003; Pearson r = 0.4253).Conclusion:Anti-CarP antibodies were present in a significant number of patients with RA. This study demonstrated that patients with RA with higher concentrations of anti-CarP antibodies have higher disease activity and impaired functional status. It is undisputed that further and larger studies are needed to better determine the clinical significance of these antibodies.References:[1]Shi J, Knevel R et al. Autoantibodies recognizing carbamylated proteins are present in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and predict joint damage. Proc Natl AcadSci U S A. 2011 Oct 18;108(42):17372-7.[2]Yee A, Webb T et al. Anti-CarP antibodies as promising marker to measure joint damage and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Res. 2015 Feb;61(1-2):24-30.[3]Brink M, Verheul MK et al. Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies in thepresymptomatic phase of rheumatoid arthritis, their relationship with multiple anticitrulline peptide antibodies and association with radiological damage. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015 Feb 7;17:25.Graphs 1 and 2.Correlation of anti-CarP antibody concentration with DAS28 and HAQ-DI in all RA patientsDisclosure of Interests:None declared
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Markovic M, Ben-Shabat S, Dahan A. Computational Simulations to Guide Enzyme-Mediated Prodrug Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103621. [PMID: 32443905 PMCID: PMC7279318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodrugs are designed to improve pharmaceutical/biopharmaceutical characteristics, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties, site-specificity, and more. A crucial step in successful prodrug is its activation, which releases the active parent drug, exerting a therapeutic effect. Prodrug activation can be based on oxidation/reduction processes, or through enzyme-mediated hydrolysis, from oxidoreductases (i.e., Cytochrome P450) to hydrolytic enzymes (i.e., carboxylesterase). This study provides an overview of the novel in silico methods for the optimization of enzyme-mediated prodrug activation. Computational methods simulating enzyme-substrate binding can be simpler like molecular docking, or more complex, such as quantum mechanics (QM), molecular mechanics (MM), and free energy perturbation (FEP) methods such as molecular dynamics (MD). Examples for MD simulations used for elucidating the mechanism of prodrug (losartan, paclitaxel derivatives) metabolism via CYP450 enzyme are presented, as well as an MD simulation for optimizing linker length in phospholipid-based prodrugs. Molecular docking investigating quinazolinone prodrugs as substrates for alkaline phosphatase is also presented, as well as QM and MD simulations used for optimal fit of different prodrugs within the human carboxylesterase 1 catalytical site. Overall, high quality computational simulations may show good agreement with experimental results, and should be used early in the prodrug development process.
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Markovic M, Ben-Shabat S, Aponick A, Zimmermann EM, Dahan A. Lipids and Lipid-Processing Pathways in Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093248. [PMID: 32375338 PMCID: PMC7247327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to analyze relevant endogenous lipid processing pathways, in the context of the impact that lipids have on drug absorption, their therapeutic use, and utilization in drug delivery. Lipids may serve as biomarkers of some diseases, but they can also provide endogenous therapeutic effects for certain pathological conditions. Current uses and possible clinical benefits of various lipids (fatty acids, steroids, triglycerides, and phospholipids) in cancer, infectious, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases are presented. Lipids can also be conjugated to a drug molecule, accomplishing numerous potential benefits, one being the improved treatment effect, due to joined influence of the lipid carrier and the drug moiety. In addition, such conjugates have increased lipophilicity relative to the parent drug. This leads to improved drug pharmacokinetics and bioavailability, the ability to join endogenous lipid pathways and achieve drug targeting to the lymphatics, inflamed tissues in certain autoimmune diseases, or enable overcoming different barriers in the body. Altogether, novel mechanisms of the lipid role in diseases are constantly discovered, and new ways to exploit these mechanisms for the optimal drug design that would advance different drug delivery/therapy aspects are continuously emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA;
| | - Ellen M. Zimmermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (M.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Correspondence:
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Markovic M, Zur M, Fine-Shamir N, Haimov E, González-Álvarez I, Dahan A. Segmental-Dependent Solubility and Permeability as Key Factors Guiding Controlled Release Drug Product Development. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E295. [PMID: 32214015 PMCID: PMC7151103 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main factors influencing the absorption of orally administered drugs are solubility and permeability, which are location-dependent and may vary along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The purpose of this work was to investigate segmental-dependent intestinal absorption and its role in controlled-release (CR) drug product development. The solubility/dissolution and permeability of carvedilol (vs. metoprolol) were thoroughly studied, in vitro/in vivo (Octanol-buffer distribution coefficients (Log D), parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), rat intestinal perfusion), focusing on location-dependent effects. Carvedilol exhibits changing solubility in different conditions throughout the GIT, attributable to its zwitterionic nature. A biorelevant pH-dilution dissolution study for carvedilol immediate release (IR) vs. CR scenario elucidates that while the IR dose (25 mg) may dissolve in the GIT luminal conditions, higher doses used in CR products would precipitate if administered at once, highlighting the advantage of CR from the solubility/dissolution point of view. Likewise, segmental-dependent permeability was evident, with higher permeability of carvedilol vs. the low/high Peff marker metoprolol throughout the GIT, confirming it as a biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II drug. Theoretical analysis of relevant physicochemical properties confirmed these results as well. A CR product may shift the carvedilol's solubility behavior from class II to I since only a small dose portion needs to be solubilized at a given time point. The permeability of carvedilol surpasses the threshold of metoprolol jejunal permeability throughout the entire GIT, including the colon, establishing it as a suitable candidate for CR product development. Altogether, this work may serve as an analysis model in the decision process of CR formulation development and may increase our biopharmaceutical understanding of a successful CR drug product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Moran Zur
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Noa Fine-Shamir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Ester Haimov
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Isabel González-Álvarez
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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Porat D, Markovic M, Zur M, Fine-Shamir N, Azran C, Shaked G, Czeiger D, Vaynshtein J, Replyanski I, Sebbag G, Dahan A. Increased Paracetamol Bioavailability after Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Crossover Pre- vs. Post-Operative Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111949. [PMID: 31726725 PMCID: PMC6912358 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral drug bioavailability may be significantly altered after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), the most popular bariatric procedure worldwide. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is the post-bariatric analgesic/antipyretic drug of choice. In this work we studied and analyzed the LSG effects on systemic bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of paracetamol after oral administration of solid vs. liquid dosage form. A 4-armed, pharmacokinetic, crossover trial was performed in patients enrolled for LSG. Single paracetamol dose (500 mg), as caplet (n = 7) or syrup (n = 5), was administered before vs. 4–6 months post-LSG. Bioavailability was enhanced after LSG; in the caplet groups, average AUC0–t increased from 9.1 to 18.6 µg·h/mL with AUC0–t difference of 9.5 µg·h/mL (95% CI 4.6–14.5, p = 0.003). Cmax increased from 1.8 (95% CI 1.2–2.5) to 4.2 µg/mL (3.6–4.8) after LSG (p = 0.032). In the syrup groups, AUC0–t increased from 13.4 to 25.6 µg·h/mL, with AUC0–t difference of 12.2 µg·h/mL (95% CI 0.9–23.5, p = 0.049). Cmax changed from 5.4 (95% CI 2.5–8.4) to 7.8 µg/mL (6.1–9.6), and systemic bioavailability was complete (102%) after the surgery. Overall, decreased paracetamol exposure in obesity, with recovery to normal drug levels (caplet) or even higher (syrup) post-LSG, was revealed. In conclusion, attention to paracetamol effectiveness/safety in obesity, and after bariatric surgery, is prudent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Porat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Moran Zur
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Noa Fine-Shamir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Carmil Azran
- Clinical Pharmacy, Herzliya Medical Center, Herzliya 46140, Israel
| | - Gad Shaked
- Department of Surgery B, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - David Czeiger
- Department of Surgery B, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Julie Vaynshtein
- Department of Surgery B, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Ilya Replyanski
- Department of Surgery B, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Gilbert Sebbag
- Department of Surgery B, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Jankovic SM, Matijevic D, Tamburkovski G, Grujicic A, Markovic M. Capacity Building in Nurturing Care in Serbia. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz187.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Training program for home visitors on early child development was developed and implemented within UNICEF supported projects involving 25 primary health centers. Training content was notably based on resource modules “Supporting Families for Nurturing Care”, adapted according to the local context. Health professionals are seen as the critical actors to support development of young children and their families. Family-centered approach that addresses social as well as medical dimensions of problems became priority in their practice with a special focus on working with children from socially deprived settings and children with disabilities.
Objectives
The main objective was to improve knowledge and practice of home visitors on early child development based on most recent scientific evidence. Broad spectrum of topics was covered including engaging fathers, early detection of postpartum depression, attachment, developmental monitoring, age-appropriate play, home safety, stigma and discrimination. Training were organized as interactive face to face sessions and online courses and attendees were actively engaged in reflection. Comprehensive check list with various assessment instruments was developed to provide guidance to home visitors in implementation of gained skills.
Results
Increase in knowledge of 150 home visitors was between 57.6% and 82.9%. Enhanced knowledge and skills have been applied in 14912 families of which socially deprived was 34.5% during 2-year period of implementation. Parent-child interactions, assessed by visiting nurses, were improved by 32.6%, responsive feeding practices by 27.4%, while age-appropriate play by 34.4% after interventions during home visits.
Conclusions
Well-developed monitoring system was crucial for implementation of gained knowledge and skills in practice of home visitors.
Key messages
Home visitors were empowered to take a strengths-based approach in their work with families. Developed tools facilitated prioritization of most vulnerable families and tailoring support according to needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D Matijevic
- Institute of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - G Tamburkovski
- Institute of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Grujicic
- Institute of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Markovic
- Institute of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Markovic M, Soldatovic I, Bjekic M, Sipetic-Grujicic S. Adolescents' self perceived acne-related beliefs: from myth to science. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:684-690. [PMID: 31789254 PMCID: PMC6939091 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is recognized as the third most prevalent skin disease worldwide, with highest prevalence among adolescents. Beliefs and perceptions of adolescents about acne are incoherent in the literature. OBJECTIVES To assess the most frequently reported acne-related beliefs in adolescents in order to focus on misconceptions and develop proper recommendations. METHODS A cross-sectional community-based study on representative sample of 2516 schoolchildren was conducted in six randomly selected secondary schools in Belgrade, Serbia. Only schoolchildren with present or past acne history participated. Factors believed to aggravate or ameliorate acne were recorded and analyzed, and the comparisons between girls and boys were evaluated using Pearson's chi-squared test. RESULTS A total of 1452 schoolchildren with acne participated, aged 14-18 years, among them 801 (55.2%) girls and 651 (44.8%) boys. Boys significantly more frequently believed that sweating, exercise, and dairy foods aggravate acne, whereas girls significantly more frequently blamed emotional stress, sweets, fatty foods, sun, and lack of sleep. The top four amelioration factors were as follows: comedone extraction, healthy diet, sun exposure, and increased water consumption. Acne regression was more frequently perceived to be linked with cigarettes in boys, but with sun exposure and weight loss in girls. STUDY LIMITATIONS The narrow age span of adolescents (14-18 years) and exclusion of acne-free adolescents are limitations due to study design. CONCLUSION This survey is part of the first epidemiological study on a representative sample in the Western Balkan region. The significance of the most frequent acne-related beliefs is discussed and myths about acne are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markovic
- Department for Facial Dermatoses, City Institute for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ivan Soldatovic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Bjekic
- Department of General Dermatovenereology, City Institute for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia
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Markovic M, Ben-Shabat S, Keinan S, Aponick A, Zimmermann EM, Dahan A. Molecular Modeling-Guided Design of Phospholipid-Based Prodrugs. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092210. [PMID: 31060339 PMCID: PMC6538990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipidic prodrug approach is an emerging field for improving a number of biopharmaceutical and drug delivery aspects. Owing to their structure and nature, phospholipid (PL)-based prodrugs may join endogenous lipid processing pathways, and hence significantly improve the pharmacokinetics and/or bioavailability of the drug. Additional advantages of this approach include drug targeting by enzyme-triggered drug release, blood–brain barrier permeability, lymphatic targeting, overcoming drug resistance, or enabling appropriate formulation. The PL-prodrug design includes various structural modalities-different conjugation strategies and/or the use of linkers between the PL and the drug moiety, which considerably influence the prodrug characteristics and the consequent effects. In this article, we describe how molecular modeling can guide the structural design of PL-based prodrugs. Computational simulations can predict the extent of phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-mediated activation, and facilitate prodrug development. Several computational methods have been used to facilitate the design of the pro-drugs, which will be reviewed here, including molecular docking, the free energy perturbation method, molecular dynamics simulations, and free density functional theory. Altogether, the studies described in this article indicate that computational simulation-guided PL-based prodrug molecular design correlates well with the experimental results, allowing for more mechanistic and less empirical development. In the future, the use of molecular modeling techniques to predict the activity of PL-prodrugs should be used earlier in the development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | | | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.
| | - Ellen M Zimmermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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Markovic M, Dahan A, Keinan S, Kurnikov I, Aponick A, Zimmermann EM, Ben-Shabat S. Phospholipid-Based Prodrugs for Colon-Targeted Drug Delivery: Experimental Study and In-Silico Simulations. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11040186. [PMID: 30995772 PMCID: PMC6523355 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In ulcerative colitis (UC), the inflammation is localized in the colon, and one of the successful strategies for colon-targeting drug delivery is the prodrug approach. In this work, we present a novel phospholipid (PL)-based prodrug approach, as a tool for colonic drug targeting in UC. We aim to use the phospholipase A2 (PLA2), an enzyme that is overexpressed in the inflamed colonic tissues of UC patients, as the PL-prodrug activating enzyme, to accomplish the liberation of the parent drug from the prodrug complex at the specific diseased tissue(s). Different linker lengths between the PL and the drug moiety can dictate the rate of activation by PLA2, and subsequently determine the amount of free drugs at the site of action. The feasibility of this approach was studied with newly synthesized PL-Fmoc (fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl) conjugates, using Fmoc as a model compound for testing our hypothesis. In vitro incubation with bee venom PLA2 demonstrated that a 7-carbon linker between the PL and Fmoc has higher activation rate than a 5-carbon linker. 4-fold higher colonic expression of PLA2 was demonstrated in colonic mucosa of colitis-induced rats when compared to healthy animals, validating our hypothesis of a colitis-targeting prodrug approach. Next, a novel molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was developed for PL-based prodrugs containing clinically relevant drugs. PL-methotrexate conjugate with 6-carbon linker showed the highest extent of PLA2-mediated activation, whereas shorter linkers were activated to a lower extent. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that for carefully designed PL-drug conjugates, PLA2 overexpression in inflamed colonic tissues can be used as prodrug-activating enzyme and drug targeting strategy, including insights into the activation mechanisms in a PLA2 binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | | | | | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.
| | - Ellen M Zimmermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.
| | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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Markovic M, Ben-Shabat S, Keinan S, Aponick A, Zimmermann EM, Dahan A. Prospects and Challenges of Phospholipid-Based Prodrugs. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040210. [PMID: 30388756 PMCID: PMC6321354 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the prodrug approach is used already at the early stages of drug development. Lipidic prodrug approach is a growing field for improving a number of drug properties/delivery/therapy aspects, and can offer solutions for various unmet needs. This approach includes drug moiety bound to the lipid carrier, which can be triglyceride, fatty acids, steroid, or phospholipid (PL). The focus of this article is PL-based prodrugs, which includes a PL carrier covalently bound to the active drug moiety. An overview of relevant physiological lipid processing pathways and absorption barriers is provided, followed by drug delivery/therapeutic application of PL-drug conjugates, as well as computational modeling techniques, and a modern bioinformatics tool that can aid in the optimization of PL conjugates. PL-based prodrugs have increased lipophilicity comparing to the parent drug, and can therefore significantly improve the pharmacokinetic profile and overall bioavailability of the parent drug, join the endogenous lipid processing pathways and therefore accomplish drug targeting, e.g., by lymphatic transport, drug release at specific target site(s), or passing the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, an exciting gateway for treating inflammatory diseases and cancer is presented, by utilizing the PL sn-2 position in the prodrug design, aiming for PLA₂-mediated activation. Overall, a PL-based prodrug approach shows great potential in improving different drug delivery/therapy aspects, and is expected to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | | | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.
| | - Ellen M Zimmermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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Picchianti Diamanti A, Navarini L, Messina F, Markovic M, Arcarese L, Basta F, Meneguzzi G, Margiotta DPE, Laganà B, Afeltra A, D'Amelio R, Iagnocco A. Ultrasound detection of subclinical synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis patients in clinical remission: a new reduced-joint assessment in 3 target joints. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2018; 36:984-989. [PMID: 29998842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The ability of ultrasound (US) to identify subclinical joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in remission has been already reported. Nonetheless, current studies present a lack of homogeneity in patient's characteristics and number of joints assessed by US. The aim of this study was to identify a reduced set of target joints to be scanned in RA patients in clinical remission in order to detect subclinical synovitis. METHODS Forty RA patients in clinical remission (DAS28 ≤2.6) for at least 3 months underwent an US examination of 18 joints: wrist, II-III-IV-V metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and II-III-IV-V metatarsophalangeal joints bilaterally. The presence of synovial hypertrophy (SH) and power-Doppler (PD) signal was registered following the OMERACT definitions and was graded according to a 4-point scale (0-3). Then, by applying a process of data reduction based on the frequency of joint involvement, a reduced assessment was obtained. RESULTS Twenty (50%) subjects had at least one joint affected by active synovitis; 17.5% presented grade 1 PD and 32.5% grade 2 PD. The joints most frequently affected by active synovitis were the wrists (75%) and the II MCP joints (55%). After data reduction, the evaluation of 3 joints (both wrists and the II MCP of the dominant hand) obtained a sensitivity of 90% for the detection of subclinical synovitis. CONCLUSIONS The US scan of 3 target joints showed a high sensitivity in detecting subclinical active synovitis in RA patients in clinical remission and can be feasible in the routine assessment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Picchianti Diamanti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Navarini
- ImmunoRheumatology Unit, Policlinico Universitario Campus Biomedico, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Messina
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Arcarese
- ImmunoRheumatology Unit, Policlinico Universitario Campus Biomedico, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Basta
- ImmunoRheumatology Unit, Policlinico Universitario Campus Biomedico, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Meneguzzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Laganà
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Afeltra
- ImmunoRheumatology Unit, Policlinico Universitario Campus Biomedico, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele D'Amelio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Iagnocco
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy.
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Markovic M, Vojvodic K, Grujicic A, Matejic B. Determinants of child injuries requiring hospitalization in Serbia:Retrospective analysis. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky218.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Markovic
- Institute of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K Vojvodic
- Institute of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Grujicic
- Institute of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - B Matejic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Markovic M, Ben‐Shabat S, Keinan S, Aponick A, Zimmermann EM, Dahan A. Lipidic prodrug approach for improved oral drug delivery and therapy. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:579-607. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐Sheva Israel
| | - Shimon Ben‐Shabat
- Department of Clinical PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐Sheva Israel
| | | | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of FloridaGainesville Florida
| | - Ellen M. Zimmermann
- Department of MedicineDivision of Gastroenterology, University of FloridaGainesville Florida
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐Sheva Israel
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Wolk O, Markovic M, Porat D, Fine-Shamir N, Zur M, Beig A, Dahan A. Segmental-Dependent Intestinal Drug Permeability: Development and Model Validation of In Silico Predictions Guided by In Vivo Permeability Values. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:316-325. [PMID: 30055228 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to develop an in silico model that allows predicting segmental-dependent permeability throughout the small intestine (SI). In vivo permeability of 11 model drugs in 3 SI segments (jejunum, mid-SI, ileum) was studied in rats, creating a data set that reflects the conditions throughout the SI. Then, a predictive model was developed, combining physicochemical drug properties influencing the underlying mechanism of passive permeability: Log p, polar surface area, MW, H-bond count, and Log fu, with microenvironmental SI conditions. Excellent correlation was evident between the predicted and experimental data (R2 = 0.914), with similar predictability in each SI segment. Log p and Log fu were identified as the major determinants of permeability, with similar contribution. Total H-bond count was also a significant determinant, followed by polar surface area and MW. Leaving out any of the model parameters decreased its predictability. The model was validated against 5 external drugs, with excellent predictability. Notably, the model was able to predict the segmental-dependent permeability of all drugs showing this trend experimentally. Model predictability was better in the high-permeability versus low-permeability range. Overall, our approach of constructing a straightforward in silico model allowed reliable predictions of segmental-dependent intestinal permeability, providing new insights into relative effects of drug-related factors and gastrointestinal environment on permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omri Wolk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Daniel Porat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Noa Fine-Shamir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Moran Zur
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Avital Beig
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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Caporuscio S, Ieraci R, Valesini G, Teloni R, Mariotti S, Spinelli FR, Ferlito C, Salemi S, Picchianti Diamanti A, Meneguzzi G, Markovic M, Sgrulletti M, von Hunolstein C, Ralli L, Pinto A, Salerno G, Canzoni M, Sorgi ML, Laganà B, Di Rosa R, Nisini R, D'Amelio R. Anti-polysaccharide and anti-diphtheria protective antibodies after 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis patients under immunosuppressive therapy. Clin Immunol 2018; 195:18-27. [PMID: 30036638 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenicity of 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnPS) conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was evaluated in 38 rheumatoid arthritis patients under immunosuppressive treatment and 20 healthy controls (HC). Antibodies to all PnPS and diphtheria-toxin analogue conjugate protein were measured pre- (T0), 1 (T1), 6 (T2), 12 (T3) months post-immunization. Patients and HC had similar response to individual PnPS. Mean antibody levels to all PnPS but one doubled at T1 compared with T0, with T3 persistence for only 8-7/13 PnPS. Baseline antibody levels was inversely associated with the rate of responders at T1 (T1/T0≥2) to 11/13 PnPS. Few subjects reached protective IgG levels against some serotypes frequently isolated in Italian patients with invasive pneumococcal disease. Antibody response was not influenced by therapy, except the one to PS7F, which was reduced by tumor necrosis factor-α-inhibitors. Vaccination increased also anti-diphtheria IgG. Despite this study substantially confirmed the PCV13 immunogenicity in immunocompromised patients, it also revealed some limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Caporuscio
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Guido Valesini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Reumatologia, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Raffaela Teloni
- Dipartimento Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Sabrina Mariotti
- Dipartimento Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Reumatologia, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Claudia Ferlito
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Roma, Italy
| | - Simonetta Salemi
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Meneguzzi
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Roma, Italy
| | - Milica Markovic
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Roma, Italy
| | - Mayla Sgrulletti
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Roma, Italy
| | - Christina von Hunolstein
- Centro Nazionale per il Controllo e la Valutazione dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Luisa Ralli
- Centro Nazionale per il Controllo e la Valutazione dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonietta Pinto
- Centro Nazionale per il Controllo e la Valutazione dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Gerardo Salerno
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Maria Laura Sorgi
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Roma, Italy
| | - Bruno Laganà
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Rosa
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Nisini
- Dipartimento Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy.
| | - Raffaele D'Amelio
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Roma, Italy
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Shannon TA, Ledoux DR, Rottinghaus GE, Shaw DP, Dakovic A, Markovic M. The efficacy of raw and concentrated bentonite clay in reducing the toxic effects of aflatoxin in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1651-1658. [PMID: 27837119 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two adsorbents, a raw bentonite clay (RC) and a concentrated bentonite clay (CC), in ameliorating the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Results of the in vitro study (pH 3.0) indicated the CC adsorbed more AFB1 than RC (93.39 mg/g vs. 79.30 mg/g) suggesting that CC may be more effective than RC in reducing the toxic effects of AFB1. One hundred and eighty day-old straight run broiler chicks were assigned to 6 replicate pens of 5 chicks each and assigned to 6 dietary treatments from hatch to day 21. Dietary treatments included: 1) basal diet (BD) containing no AFB1 or adsorbents; 2) BD plus 0.50% RC; 3) BD plus 0.50% CC; 4) BD plus 2.0 mg AFB1/kg; 5) BD plus 2.0 mg AFB1/kg plus 0.50% RC; and 6) BD plus 2.0 mg AFB1/kg plus 0.50% CC. Dietary AFB1 concentrations were confirmed by analysis and diets were screened for other mycotoxins prior to the start of the experiment. The addition of AFB1 to the feed reduced (P < 0.05) growth performance and increased (P < 0.05) relative liver weight (RLW) and kidney weight (RKW) of chicks fed AFB1 compared to control chicks on day 21. These changes were ameliorated (P < 0.05) by the addition of RC and CC to the AFB1 diet. Mild to moderate lesions of aflatoxicosis (2.25) were observed in chicks fed AFB1 alone on day 21. The addition of both RC and CC to the AFB1 diet decreased (P < 0.05) but did not prevent liver lesions (0.92 and 1.42, respectively). Results indicate that both RC and CC were effective in reducing the toxic effects of AFB1, however the cost of processing of CC would make the RC a more economical product for reducing the effects of AFB1 in young broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D R Ledoux
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - D P Shaw
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - A Dakovic
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Belgrade Serbia
| | - M Markovic
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Belgrade Serbia
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Dopsaj M, Mijalkovski Z, Vasilovski N, Copic N, Brzakovic M, Markovic M. MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND HANDGRIP MUSCLE FORCE CONTRACTILE CHARACTERISTICS IN THE FIRST SELECTION LEVEL IN WATER POLO: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN U15 WATER POLO PLAYERS AND THE CONTROL GROUP. HSM 2018. [DOI: 10.14529/hsm180301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
The central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA) is a striatum-like structure orchestrating a diverse set of adaptive behaviors, including defensive and appetitive responses [1-3]. Studies using anatomical, electrophysiological, imaging and optogenetic approaches revealed that the CEA network consists of recurrent inhibitory circuits comprised of precisely connected functionally and genetically defined cell types that can select and control specific behavioral outputs [3,4,5•,6•,7-9,11,12]. While bivalent functionality of the CEA in adaptive behavior has been clearly demonstrated, we are just beginning to understand to which degree individual CEA circuit elements are functionally segregated or overlapping. Importantly, recent studies seem to suggest that optogenetic manipulations of the same, or overlapping cell populations can give rise to distinct, or sometimes even opposite, behavioral phenotypes [5•,6•,9-12]. In this review, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of how defined CEA circuits can control defensive and appetitive behaviors, and how seemingly contradictory results could point to an integrated concept of CEA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Fadok
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, and Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Milica Markovic
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philip Tovote
- University Hospital Würzburg, Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Lüthi
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Switzerland.
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Lozoya-Agullo I, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Zur M, Fine-Shamir N, Cohen Y, Markovic M, Garrigues TM, Dahan A, Gonzalez-Alvarez M, Merino-Sanjuán M, Bermejo M, Avdeef A. Closed-Loop Doluisio (Colon, Small Intestine) and Single-Pass Intestinal Perfusion (Colon, Jejunum) in Rat-Biophysical Model and Predictions Based on Caco-2. Pharm Res 2017; 35:2. [PMID: 29288412 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effective rat intestinal permeability (P eff ) was deconvolved using a biophysical model based on parameterized paracellular, aqueous boundary layer, transcellular permeabilities, and the villus-fold surface area expansion factor. METHODS Four types of rat intestinal perfusion data were considered: single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) in the jejunum (n = 40), and colon (n = 15), closed-loop (Doluisio type) in the small intestine (n = 78), and colon (n = 74). Moreover, in vitro Caco-2 permeability values were used to predict rat in vivo values in the rat data studied. RESULTS Comparable number of molecules permeate via paracellular water channels as by the lipoidal transcellular route in the SPIP method, although in the closed-loop method, the paracellular route appears dominant in the colon. The aqueous boundary layer thickness in the small intestine is comparable to that found in unstirred in vitro monolayer assays; it is thinner in the colon. The mucosal surface area in anaesthetized rats is 0.96-1.4 times the smooth cylinder calculated value in the colon, and it is 3.1-3.6 times in the small intestine. The paracellular permeability of the intestine appeared to be greater in rat than human, with the colon showing more leakiness (higher P para ) than the small intestine. CONCLUSION Based on log intrinsic permeability values, the correlations between the in vitro and in vivo models ranged from r2 0.82 to 0.92. The SPIP-Doluisio method comparison indicated identical log permeability selectivity trend with negligible bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Lozoya-Agullo
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain.,Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Moran Zur
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Noa Fine-Shamir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yael Cohen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Teresa M Garrigues
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Marival Bermejo
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Alex Avdeef
- in-ADME Research, 1732 First Avenue, No.102, New York, New York, 10128, USA
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40
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Dahan A, Markovic M, Keinan S, Kurnikov I, Aponick A, Zimmermann EM, Ben-Shabat S. Computational modeling and in-vitro/in-silico correlation of phospholipid-based prodrugs for targeted drug delivery in inflammatory bowel disease. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2017; 31:1021-1028. [PMID: 29101519 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-017-0079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Targeting drugs to the inflamed intestinal tissue(s) represents a major advancement in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this work we present a powerful in-silico modeling approach to guide the molecular design of novel prodrugs targeting the enzyme PLA2, which is overexpressed in the inflamed tissues of IBD patients. The prodrug consists of the drug moiety bound to the sn-2 position of phospholipid (PL) through a carbonic linker, aiming to allow PLA2 to release the free drug. The linker length dictates the affinity of the PL-drug conjugate to PLA2, and the optimal linker will enable maximal PLA2-mediated activation. Thermodynamic integration and Weighted Histogram Analysis Method (WHAM)/Umbrella Sampling method were used to compute the changes in PLA2 transition state binding free energy of the prodrug molecule (∆∆Gtr) associated with decreasing/increasing linker length. The simulations revealed that 6-carbons linker is the optimal one, whereas shorter or longer linkers resulted in decreased PLA2-mediated activation. These in-silico results were shown to be in excellent correlation with experimental in-vitro data. Overall, this modern computational approach enables optimization of the molecular design of novel prodrugs, which may allow targeting the free drug specifically to the diseased intestinal tissue of IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shahar Keinan
- Cloud Pharmaceuticals Inc., 6 Davis Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Igor Kurnikov
- Cloud Pharmaceuticals Inc., 6 Davis Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Ellen M Zimmermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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41
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Sisti LG, Dajko M, Campanella P, Shkurti E, Jovanovic M, Markovic M, Milenkovic S, Ricciardi W, de Waure C. Impact of lifestyle intervention in cardiovascular prevention: are physical activity advices enough? Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- LG Sisti
- Department of Public Health - Section of Hygiene, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - M Dajko
- Department of Public Health - Section of Hygiene, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - P Campanella
- Department of Public Health - Section of Hygiene, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - E Shkurti
- University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania
| | | | | | | | - W Ricciardi
- Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - C de Waure
- Department of Public Health - Section of Hygiene, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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42
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Picchianti Diamanti A, Laganà B, Cox MC, Pilozzi E, Amodeo R, Bove M, Markovic M, Di Rosa R, Salemi S, Sorgi ML, Rosado MM, D'Amelio R. TCD4 pos lymphocytosis in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis patients following TNFα blocking agents. J Transl Med 2017; 15:38. [PMID: 28222785 PMCID: PMC5322781 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lymphocyte expansion and true lymphocytosis are commonly observed in the everyday clinical practice. The meaning of such phenomenon is often poorly understood so that discrimination between benign and malignant lymphocytosis remains difficult to establish. This is mainly true when lymphocytosis rises in patients affected by immune-mediated chronic inflammatory diseases under immunosuppressive treatment, conditions potentially associated with lymphomagenesis. In this brief report the development of mild T CD4pos lymphocytosis in a group of patients with chronic arthritis under anti-TNF-α treatment is described. Methods Two hundred eight rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients have been evaluated longitudinally for at least 1-year before and 2-years after anti-TNF-α therapy introduction for the possible appearance of a lymphocyte expansion. In patients who developed lymphocyte expansion, T, B and NK cells were analysed. Results Twenty-five out of 208 (12%) subjects developed a mild T CD4pos lymphocytosis, during anti-TNF-α therapy, which reverted after its interruption. Higher lymphocyte count, more frequent use of steroids and shorter disease duration, before biological therapy start, have emerged as risk factors for lymphocytosis development. Conclusions This is the first longitudinal cohort study evaluating the onset of lymphocytosis in RA and PsA patients under anti-TNF-α treatment and its possible clinical relevance. A mild T CD4pos lymphocytosis has been observed in 12% of RA and PsA patients probably related to anti-TNF-α treatment as previously reported by anecdotal cases. Patients with higher baseline lymphocyte count, use of steroids and shorter disease duration before the introduction of biologic therapy, seem to be prone to develop this laboratory reversible abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Picchianti Diamanti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, School of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University, Via di Grottarossa 1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.
| | - Bruno Laganà
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, School of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University, Via di Grottarossa 1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, School of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University, Via di Grottarossa 1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Rosa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, School of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University, Via di Grottarossa 1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Salemi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, School of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University, Via di Grottarossa 1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Sorgi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, School of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University, Via di Grottarossa 1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele D'Amelio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, School of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University, Via di Grottarossa 1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
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43
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Fadok JP, Krabbe S, Markovic M, Courtin J, Xu C, Massi L, Botta P, Bylund K, Müller C, Kovacevic A, Tovote P, Lüthi A. A competitive inhibitory circuit for selection of active and passive fear responses. Nature 2017; 542:96-100. [PMID: 28117439 DOI: 10.1038/nature21047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
When faced with threat, the survival of an organism is contingent upon the selection of appropriate active or passive behavioural responses. Freezing is an evolutionarily conserved passive fear response that has been used extensively to study the neuronal mechanisms of fear and fear conditioning in rodents. However, rodents also exhibit active responses such as flight under natural conditions. The central amygdala (CEA) is a forebrain structure vital for the acquisition and expression of conditioned fear responses, and the role of specific neuronal sub-populations of the CEA in freezing behaviour is well-established. Whether the CEA is also involved in flight behaviour, and how neuronal circuits for active and passive fear behaviour interact within the CEA, are not yet understood. Here, using in vivo optogenetics and extracellular recordings of identified cell types in a behavioural model in which mice switch between conditioned freezing and flight, we show that active and passive fear responses are mediated by distinct and mutually inhibitory CEA neurons. Cells expressing corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF+) mediate conditioned flight, and activation of somatostatin-positive (SOM+) neurons initiates passive freezing behaviour. Moreover, we find that the balance between conditioned flight and freezing behaviour is regulated by means of local inhibitory connections between CRF+ and SOM+ neurons, indicating that the selection of appropriate behavioural responses to threat is based on competitive interactions between two defined populations of inhibitory neurons, a circuit motif allowing for rapid and flexible action selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Fadok
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Krabbe
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Milica Markovic
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, 4000 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julien Courtin
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chun Xu
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lema Massi
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Botta
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, 4000 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kristine Bylund
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Müller
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandar Kovacevic
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philip Tovote
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lüthi
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, 4000 Basel, Switzerland
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Picchianti Diamanti A, Markovic M, Argento G, Giovagnoli S, Ricci A, Laganà B, D'Amelio R. Therapeutic management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and associated interstitial lung disease: case report and literature review. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2016; 11:64-72. [PMID: 27733490 PMCID: PMC5941974 DOI: 10.1177/1753465816668780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease that can present
different extrarticular manifestations involving heart, lungs and kidneys. In
recent years there has been a growing awareness of the central role played by
the lungs in the onset and progression of RA. In particular interstitial lung
disease (ILD) is a common pulmonary manifestation that may be related to the
inflammatory process itself, infectious complications and to the treatments
used. Management of patients with ILD/RA is still a challenge for clinicians,
both synthetic [mainly methotrexate (MTX), leflunomide] and biologic
immunosuppressors [mainly anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α] have in fact been
related to the onset or worsening of lung diseases with conflicting data. Here
we report the case of a 61-year-old male patient with severely active early RA,
previously treated with MTX, who developed subacute ILD, along with a review of
ILD/RA topic. Tocilizumab (humanized monoclonal antibody against the
interleukin-6 receptor) was introduced on the basis of its effectiveness in RA
without concomitant MTX and the ability to overcome the profibrotic effects of
interleukin (IL)-6. After 3 months of treatment the clinical condition of the
patient strongly improved until it reached low disease activity. He no longer
complained of cough and dyspnea and bilateral basal crackles were no more
present. Considering its distinctive features, tocilizumab, in such a
challenging clinical condition, appears to be a safe and effective therapy, thus
it enables RA remission without deteriorating ILD, at 1-year follow up, as
confirmed by ultrasonography of the affected joints and chest high-resolution
computed tomography (HRCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Picchianti Diamanti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1039, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Argento
- Radiology Unit, School of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Giovagnoli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Ricci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Laganà
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele D'Amelio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Jurkovic I, Stathakis S, Markovic M, Papanikolaou N, Mavroidis P. SU-F-T-680: Radiobiological Analysis of the Impact of Daily Patient Deformation and Setup Variations Through the Use of the Cone Beam CT and Deformable Image Registration in Lung Cancer IMRT. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Jurkovic I, Stathakis S, Markovic M, Papanikolaou N, Mavroidis P. SU-G-JeP3-12: Use of Cone Beam CT and Deformable Image Registration for Assessing Geometrical and Dosimetric Variations During Lung Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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47
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Cline K, Obeidat M, Stathakis S, Kabat C, Markovic M, Papanikolaou N, Rasmussen K, Gutierrez A, Ha C, Lee S, Shim E, Kirby N. TU-H-CAMPUS-TeP2-04: Measurement of Stereotactic Output Factors with DNA Double-Strand Breaks. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Tovote P, Esposito MS, Botta P, Chaudun F, Fadok JP, Markovic M, Wolff SBE, Ramakrishnan C, Fenno L, Deisseroth K, Herry C, Arber S, Lüthi A. Midbrain circuits for defensive behaviour. Nature 2016; 534:206-12. [PMID: 27279213 DOI: 10.1038/nature17996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Survival in threatening situations depends on the selection and rapid execution of an appropriate active or passive defensive response, yet the underlying brain circuitry is not understood. Here we use circuit-based optogenetic, in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological, and neuroanatomical tracing methods to define midbrain periaqueductal grey circuits for specific defensive behaviours. We identify an inhibitory pathway from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey that produces freezing by disinhibition of ventrolateral periaqueductal grey excitatory outputs to pre-motor targets in the magnocellular nucleus of the medulla. In addition, we provide evidence for anatomical and functional interaction of this freezing pathway with long-range and local circuits mediating flight. Our data define the neuronal circuitry underlying the execution of freezing, an evolutionarily conserved defensive behaviour, which is expressed by many species including fish, rodents and primates. In humans, dysregulation of this 'survival circuit' has been implicated in anxiety-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Tovote
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Soledad Esposito
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Biozentrum, Department of Cell Biology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Botta
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Chaudun
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U862, 146 Rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Jonathan P Fadok
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Milica Markovic
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steffen B E Wolff
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charu Ramakrishnan
- Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive West, Clark Center W080, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Lief Fenno
- Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive West, Clark Center W080, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive West, Clark Center W080, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Cyril Herry
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U862, 146 Rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Silvia Arber
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Biozentrum, Department of Cell Biology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lüthi
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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Picchianti-Diamanti A, Rosado M, Pilozzi E, Markovic M, D'Amelio R, Laganà B. FRI0164 T Cells Expansion in Rheumatoid and Psoriatic Arthritis Patients under anti-TNF-alpha Agents. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.3631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Drawing on in-depth interviews with patients and participant observation notes from a cancer support group and outpatients department, we analyse the experiences of Australian-born and immigrant women with gynaecological cancer to describe cancer diagnosis disclosures from the patients' perspectives and examine women's treatment decision-making. Data suggest that most women did not question the surgeon's recommendation and assumed a passive role in treatment decision-making. The contextual factors which impacted on this pattern were the unavailability of an alternative biomedical treatment path, the perception of the metropolitan hospital as a centre of clinical excellence with extensive experience in treating women with gynaecological cancer, and lay understandings of the nature of gynaecological cancer as 'a killer'. We also discuss the circumstances under which a few women took on the role of primary decision-maker.
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