Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Different Second-line Therapies for Patients With Advanced Thymic Carcinoma

AIMS

Thymic carcinoma (TC) is a rare form of highly invasive tumors. Currently, the standard first-line therapy involves paclitaxel plus carboplatin treatment, while the recommended regimen for second-line therapy remains uncertain. The purpose of this study is to explore the second-line mode of TC patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We evaluated the outcome of subjects with advanced TC between 2009 and 2023 in three medical centers, retrospectively. Tumor response was evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1). Kaplan-Meier was used for calculating Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The factors affecting survival in the real world were evaluated by Cox analysis.

RESULTS

Totally 136 patients were included in this study, the median PFS (mPFS) for all subjects was 5.97 months, and the median OS (mOS) was 25.03 months. According to patient's treatment modes, they are divided into monotherapy (n = 95) and combination therapy (n = 41), PFS manifested the difference between two groups (5.17 vs. 9.00 months, P = 0.043). OS also indicated a significant distinction (22.50 vs. 38.00 months, P = 0.017). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in PFS between patients using immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy and those with antivascular therapy (8.57 vs. 13.10 months, P = 0.047).

CONCLUSION

In the second-line therapy for advanced TC, the efficacy of combination therapy was better than monotherapy, especially for immunotherapy combined with antivascular therapy.

Radiomic nomogram based on bi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging to predict the International Society of Urological Pathology grading ≥ 3 prostate cancer: a multicenter study

PURPOSE

To create a reliable radiomic nomogram for the prediction of the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading ≥ 3 prostate cancer (PCa) patients.

METHODS

patients with verified PCa were obtained from three different hospitals. The patients were divided into training, internal validation, and two external validation groups. A radiomic signature (rad-score) extracted from T2WI, diffusion-weighted imaging, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were constructed in the training cohort. Eight clinical features were performed to develop a clinical model using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The combined model incorporated the radiomic signature and clinical model. The model's performance was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

RESULTS

Rad-score, magnetic resonance imaging T-stage, and ADC value were significant predictors of ISUP ≥ 3 PCa. A nomogram of these three factors was shown to have greater diagnostic accuracy than using only the radiomic signature or clinical model alone. The area under the ROC curve was 0.85, 0.88, 0.81, 0.81 for the training, internal, and two external validation cohorts, respectively. In the stratified analysis based on the MR scanner model, the area under the ROC curve of predicting ISUP ≥ 3 PCa for GE, Siemens, and combined groups were 0.84, 0.83, and 0.84, respectively, in the combined training group and an internal validation group.

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed nomogram has the potential to predict the differentiation degree of ISUP PCa patients.

[The efficacy and safety of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy neoadjuvant in locally advanced resectable hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma]

Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of immunoneoadjuvant therapy with pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy in locally advanced resectable hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Methods: This study was a prospective, single arm, single center clinical study that was opened for enrollment in April 2021. Patients who met the inclusion criteria at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were treated with neoadjuvant therapy of pembrolizumab combined with cisplatin and paclitaxel, and after treatments, received surgery and postoperative adjuvant therapy. The main endpoint of this study was postoperative pathological complete response (pCR), and other observations included adverse reactions and long-term prognoses of patients after neoadjuvant therapy. Results: By September 2023, a total of 23 patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy and surgery were enrolled in the study and all patients were males aged 49-74 years. All patients were locally advanced stage, including 3 patients in stage Ⅲ and 20 patients in stage Ⅳ. There were 12 cases of primary lesions with posterior ring involvement accompanied by fixation of one vocal cord and 20 cases of regional lymph node metastases classified as N2. Eighteen cases received a two cycle regimen and 5 cases received a three cycle regimen for neoadjuvant therapy. The postoperative pCR rate was 26.1% (6/23), with no surgical delay caused by adverse drug reactions. The laryngeal preservation rate was 87.0% (20/23). Pharyngeal fistula was the main surgical complication, with an incidence of 21.7% (5/23). The median follow-up time was 15 months, and 3 patients experienced local recurrence. Conclusions: The immunoneoadjuvant therapy of pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy has a high pCR rate in locally advanced resectable hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, with increased laryngeal preservation rate and no significant impact on surgical safety.

Amplitude Analysis of the B^{0}→K^{*0}μ^{+}μ^{-} Decay

An amplitude analysis of the B^{0}→K^{*0}μ^{+}μ^{-} decay is presented using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7  fb^{-1} of pp collision data collected with the LHCb experiment. For the first time, the coefficients associated to short-distance physics effects, sensitive to processes beyond the standard model, are extracted directly from the data through a q^{2}-unbinned amplitude analysis, where q^{2} is the μ^{+}μ^{-} invariant mass squared. Long-distance contributions, which originate from nonfactorizable QCD processes, are systematically investigated, and the most accurate assessment to date of their impact on the physical observables is obtained. The pattern of measured corrections to the short-distance couplings is found to be consistent with previous analyses of b- to s-quark transitions, with the largest discrepancy from the standard model predictions found to be at the level of 1.8 standard deviations. The global significance of the observed differences in the decay is 1.4 standard deviations.

[The diagnostic value of lung ultrasound in children with community-acquired pneumonia]

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of lung ultrasound in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods: In the cross-sectional study, a total of 422 children with CAP who were hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, from February 2021 to August 2022 and completed lung ultrasound examination within 48 hours after admission were enrolled. The clinical characteristics, lung ultrasound and chest CT were collected. The patients were divided into two groups according to the signs of pneumonia indicated by chest CT, and the signs of lung ultrasound with diagnostic value were screened according to the signs of pneumonia indicated by chest CT by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression. According to severity of the disease, the children were divided into the severe group and the mild group, and the differences of lung ultrasound signs between the two groups were compared. Kruskal-Wallis test, Fisher's exact test was selected for comparison between groups. Random forest classifier wes used to evaluate the value of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of CAP and prediction of severe pneumonia in children. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the prediction effect. Use DeLong test to compare the area under the curve. Results: Among the 422 cases of CAP, there were 258 males and 164 females, and the age of onset was 2.8 (1.3, 4.3) years. The confluent B-line, consolidation and pleural effusion detected by lung ultrasound were 309 cases (73.2%), 232 cases (55.0%) and 16 cases (3.8%), respectively, and the size of consolidation was 3.0 (0, 11.0) mm. One hundred and ten children (26.1%) with CAP completed chest CT. There were 90 cases with signs of pneumonia in chest CT and 20 cases without signs of pneumonia. Lasso was used for feature selection.Lung consolidation (OR=2.46), bilateral lung consolidation (OR=1.16) and confluent B-line (OR=1.34) were the main index. With random forest classifier, the accuracy of models using full variables and Lasso-selected variables were 0.79 (95%CI 0.70-0.86) and 0.79 (95%CI 0.70-0.86), the sensitivity were 0.81 and 0.81, and the specificity were 0.75 and 0.70, and the area under curve were 0.87 (95%CI 0.81-0.94, P<0.001) and 0.84 (95%CI 0.76-0.91, P<0.001), respectively. There were 97 cases in severe group and 325 cases in mild group. Compared with the mild group, the detection rate of consolidation, multiple consolidation, the size of consolidation and the size of consolidation was adjusted by body surface area (consolidation size/body surface area) in severe group were higher (66 cases (68.0%) vs. 166 cases (51.1%), 42 cases (43.3%) vs. 93 cases (28.6%), 8.0 (0, 17.0) vs. 1.0 (0, 9.0) mm, 12.5 (0, 24.6) vs. 2.1 (0, 17.6), χ2=8.59, 9.98, Z=14.40, 12.79, all P<0.05). Using lung ultrasound lung consolidation size and consolidation size/body surface area to predict the severe CAP, the optimal cut-off value were 6.7 mm and 10.2, the accuracy was 0.80 (95%CI 0.75-0.83) and 0.89 (95%CI 0.86-0.92), the sensitivity was 0.99 and 0.99, the specificity was 0.14 and 0.56, respectively, and the area under the curve was 0.66 (95%CI 0.60-0.72, P<0.001) and 0.76 (95%CI 0.70-0.83, P<0.001), respectively. The area under the curve of consolidation size/body surface area was higher than that of consolidation size (Z=5.50, P<0.001). Conclusions: Consolidation and confluent B-line, are important index for lung ultrasound diagnosis of CAP in children. The actual consolidation size adjusted by body surface area is superior to the size of consolidation in predicting severe CAP.

Added value of spectral computed tomography quantitative parameters for differentiating tuberculosis-associated fibrosing mediastinitis from endobronchial lung cancer: initial results

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to explore the added value of spectral computed tomography (CT) parameters to conventional CT features for differentiating tuberculosis-associated fibrosing mediastinitis (TB-associated FM) from endobronchial lung cancer (EBLC).

METHODS

Chest spectral CT enhancement images from 109 patients with atelectasis were analyzed retrospectively. These patients were divided into two distinct categories: the TB-associated FM group (n = 77) and the EBLC group (n = 32), based on bronchoscopy and/or pathological findings. The selection of spectrum parameters was optimized with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis. The relationship between the spectrum parameters and conventional parameters was explored using Pearson's correlation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to build spectrum model. The spectrum parameters in the spectrum model were replaced with their corresponding conventional parameters to build the conventional model. Diagnostic performances were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses.

RESULTS

There was a moderate correlation between the parameters ㏒(L-AEFNIC) - ㏒(L-AEFC) (r= 0.419; p< 0.0001), ㏒(O-AEF40KeV) - ㏒(O-AEFC) (r= 0.475; p< 0.0001), [L-A-hydroxyapatite {HAP}(I)] - (L-U-CT) (r= 0.604; p< 0.0001), {arterial enhancement fraction (AEF) derived from normalized iodine concentration (NIC) of lymph node (L-AEFNIC), AEF derived from CT40KeV of bronchial obstruction (O-AEF40KeV), arterial-phase Hydroxyapatite (Iodine) concentration of lymph node [L-A-HAP(I)], AEF derived from conventional CT (AEFC), unenhanced CT value (U-CT)}. Spectrum model could improve diagnostic performances compared to conventional model (area under curve: 0.965 vs 0.916, p= 0.038).

CONCLUSION

There was a moderate correlation between spectrum parameters and conventional parameters. Integrating conventional CT features with spectrum parameters could further improve the ability in differentiating TB-associated FM from EBLC.

Fraction of χ_{c} Decays in Prompt J/ψ Production Measured in pPb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV

The fraction of χ_{c1} and χ_{c2} decays in the prompt J/ψ yield, F_{χ_{c}→J/ψ}=σ_{χ_{c}→J/ψ}/σ_{J/ψ}, is measured by the LHCb detector in pPb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16  TeV. The study covers the forward (1.5 Collapse

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Stable color-tunable Ca3Y(GaO)3(BO3)4:Bi3+/Tb3+/Eu3+ phosphors for application in n-UV-pumped wLEDs

For further development of light sources, white light-emitting diodes (wLEDs) have attracted widespread attention as promising next-generation light sources fabricated via the combination of phosphors and LED chips. However, latent defects, such as chemical/thermal instability, low color rendering index (CRI) and high correlated color temperature (CCT), of current mainstream wLEDs seriously hinder their further large-scale implementation. Herein, in order to overcome these limitations, single-phase color-tunable gaudefroyite (Ca3Y(GaO)3(BO3)4 (CYGB)) tridoped with Bi3+/Tb3+/Eu3+ ions was synthesized for the first time and detailed characterisation was performed via high-temperature solid-state reaction and structural/spectral analyses, respectively. Radius difference percentage calculations and Rietveld refinements indicate that dopants occupy both Y3+ and Ca2+ sites but preferably the Y3+ site over the Ca2+ site due to the same valence state. Through subtly regulating the (co)doping contents and skillfully utilizing the energy transfer (ET) strategy from the allowed transition of blue light-emitting Bi to the forbidden transition of green/red light-emitting Tb/Eu, the color hue (including white light) of highly efficient PL can be easily tuned according to the need. Meanwhile, composition/content-optimized white light-emitting CYGB:2%Bi/10%Tb/12%Eu also shows splendid chemical/thermal stability. Finally, as a proof-of-concept experiment, the CYGB:2%Bi/10%Tb/12%Eu phosphor-converted wLED (pc-wLED) was fabricated and encapsulated via the up-to-date remote 'capping' method, which imparted attractive performances. Altogether, the stable CYGB:Bi/Tb/Eu phosphor is a promising candidate for application in lighting/display fields.

Observation of Cabibbo-Suppressed Two-Body Hadronic Decays and Precision Mass Measurement of the Ω_{c}^{0} Baryon

The first observation of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}K^{+} and Ω_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+} decays is reported, using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4  fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector between 2016 and 2018. The branching fraction ratios are measured to be B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}K^{+})/B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}π^{+})=[6.08±0.51(stat)±0.40(syst)]%,B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+})/B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}π^{+})=[15.81±0.87(stat)±0.44(syst)±0.16(ext)]%. In addition, using the Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}π^{+} decay channel, the Ω_{c}^{0} baryon mass is measured to be M(Ω_{c}^{0})=2695.28±0.07(stat)±0.27(syst)±0.30(ext)  MeV, improving the precision of the previous world average by a factor of 4.

Enhanced Production of Λ_{b}^{0} Baryons in High-Multiplicity pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

The production rate of Λ_{b}^{0} baryons relative to B^{0} mesons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=13  TeV is measured by the LHCb experiment. The ratio of Λ_{b}^{0} to B^{0} production cross sections shows a significant dependence on both the transverse momentum and the measured charged-particle multiplicity. At low multiplicity, the ratio measured at LHCb is consistent with the value measured in e^{+}e^{-} collisions, and increases by a factor of ∼2 with increasing multiplicity. At relatively low transverse momentum, the ratio of Λ_{b}^{0} to B^{0} cross sections is higher than what is measured in e^{+}e^{-} collisions, but converges with the e^{+}e^{-} ratio as the momentum increases. These results imply that the evolution of heavy b quarks into final-state hadrons is influenced by the density of the hadronic environment produced in the collision. Comparisons with several models and implications for the mechanisms enforcing quark confinement are discussed.

Gold(I) ion and the phosphine ligand are necessary for the anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of auranofin

Auranofin, an FDA-approved drug for rheumatoid arthritis, has emerged as a promising antiparasitic medication in recent years. The gold(I) ion in auranofin is postulated to be responsible for its antiparasitic activity. Notably, aurothiomalate and aurothioglucose also contain gold(I), and, like auranofin, they were previously used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Whether they have antiparasitic activity remains to be elucidated. Herein, we demonstrated that auranofin and similar derivatives, but not aurothiomalate and aurothioglucose, inhibited the growth of Toxoplasma gondii in vitro. We found that auranofin affected the T. gondii biological cycle (lytic cycle) by inhibiting T. gondii's invasion and triggering its egress from the host cell. However, auranofin could not prevent parasite replication once T. gondii resided within the host. Auranofin treatment induced apoptosis in T. gondii parasites, as demonstrated by its reduced size and elevated phosphatidylserine externalization (PS). Notably, the gold from auranofin enters the cytoplasm of T. gondii, as demonstrated by scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).IMPORTANCEToxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is a devastating disease affecting the brain and the eyes, frequently affecting immunocompromised individuals. Approximately 60 million people in the United States are already infected with T. gondii, representing a population at-risk of developing toxoplasmosis. Recent advances in treating cancer, autoimmune diseases, and organ transplants have contributed to this at-risk population's exponential growth. Paradoxically, treatments for toxoplasmosis have remained the same for more than 60 years, relying on medications well-known for their bone marrow toxicity and allergic reactions. Discovering new therapies is a priority, and repurposing FDA-approved drugs is an alternative approach to speed up drug discovery. Herein, we report the effect of auranofin, an FDA-approved drug, on the biological cycle of T. gondii and how both the phosphine ligand and the gold molecule determine the anti-parasitic activity of auranofin and other gold compounds. Our studies would contribute to the pipeline of candidate anti-T. gondii agents.

Improved Measurement of CP Violation Parameters in B_{s}^{0}→J/ψK^{+}K^{-} Decays in the Vicinity of the ϕ(1020) Resonance

The decay-time-dependent CP asymmetry in B_{s}^{0}→J/ψ(→μ^{+}μ^{-})K^{+}K^{-} decays is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6  fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Using a sample of approximately 349 000 B_{s}^{0} signal decays with an invariant K^{+}K^{-} mass in the vicinity of the ϕ(1020) resonance, the CP-violating phase ϕ_{s} is measured, along with the difference in decay widths of the light and heavy mass eigenstates of the B_{s}^{0}-B[over ¯]_{s}^{0} system, ΔΓ_{s}, and the difference of the average B_{s}^{0} and B^{0} meson decay widths, Γ_{s}-Γ_{d}. The values obtained are ϕ_{s}=-0.039±0.022±0.006  rad, ΔΓ_{s}=0.0845±0.0044±0.0024  ps^{-1}, and Γ_{s}-Γ_{d}=-0.0056_{-0.0015}^{+0.0013}±0.0014  ps^{-1}, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These are the most precise single measurements to date and are consistent with expectations based on the Standard Model and with the previous LHCb analyses of this decay. These results are combined with previous independent LHCb measurements. The phase ϕ_{s} is also measured independently for each polarization state of the K^{+}K^{-} system and shows no evidence for polarization dependence.

Copy Number Alterations Predict Development of OSCC from Oral Leukoplakia

Oral leukoplakia (OLK) is a common type of potentially malignant disorder. Early identification of the malignancy potential leads to a better management of OLK and prediction of development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, there has been no effective biomarker to assess the risk of malignancy in OLK. Genomic copy number alteration (CNA) is a complex chromosomal structural variation in the genome and has been identified as a potential biomarker in multiple cancers. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for the malignant transformation risk of OLK by copy number analysis. A total of 431 OLK samples with long-term follow-up (median follow-up of 67 mo) from multiple academic centers were analyzed for CNAs. CNA events increased with the severity of hyperplasia, mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, and severe dysplasia. More CNA events were present in patients with OLK who later developed OSCC than in those with OLK who did not. By multivariate Cox regression analysis, the OLK of the CNA scorehigh group showed an increased risk of malignant transformation than the CNA scorelow group (P < 0.001). A CNA score model was developed to accurately predict the prognosis (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.879; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.799-0.959) and was validated using data from 2 external centers (AUC = 0.836, 95% CI, 0.683-0.989; AUC = 0.876, 95% CI, 0.682-1.000), and all of them showed better prediction performances than histopathological grade in assessing the transformation risk of OLK. Furthermore, we performed CNA models among 4 subgroups of OLK with hyperplasia, mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, and severe dysplasia and found that CNA score can accurately predict malignant transformation of different subgroups. CNA score may be a useful biomarker to predict malignant transformation of OLK. Subtyping of OLK by the CNA score could contribute to better management of OLK and predicting development of OSCC.

Measurement of CP Violation in B^{0}→ψ(→ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-})K_{S}^{0}(→π^{+}π^{-}) Decays

A measurement of time-dependent CP violation in the decays of B^{0} and B[over ¯]^{0} mesons to the final states J/ψ(→μ^{+}μ^{-})K_{S}^{0}, ψ(2S)(→μ^{+}μ^{-})K_{S}^{0} and J/ψ(→e^{+}e^{-})K_{S}^{0} with K_{S}^{0}→π^{+}π^{-} is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 6  fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13  TeV with the LHCb detector. The CP-violation parameters are measured to be S_{ψK_{S}^{0}}=0.717±0.013(stat)±0.008(syst) and C_{ψK_{S}^{0}}=0.008±0.012(stat)±0.003(syst). This measurement of S_{ψK_{S}^{0}} represents the most precise single measurement of the CKM angle β to date and is more precise than the current world average. In addition, measurements of the CP-violation parameters of the individual channels are reported and a combination with the LHCb Run 1 measurements is performed.

Value of spectral CT parameters in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer

AIM

To investigate the value of pre-chemotherapy spectral computed tomography (CT) parameters in predicting neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response in gastric cancer (GC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Sixty patients with GC who received NAC and underwent spectral CT examination before chemotherapy were enrolled retrospectively and divided into a responsive group and a non-responsive group according to the postoperative pathological tumour regression grade. Clinical characteristics were collected. The iodine concentration (IC), water concentration (WC), and effective atomic number (Eff-Z) of the portal venous phases were measured before chemotherapy, and IC was normalised to that of the aorta to provide the normalised IC (NIC). An independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, or chi-square test was used to analyse the differences between the two groups, and the receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the predictive performance of different variables.

RESULTS

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was lower in the responsive group than in the non-responsive group (p<0.05). IC, NIC, and Eff-Z values were significantly higher in the responsive group than in the non-responsive group (p<0.01). The areas under the ROC curves for the NLR, IC, NIC, and Eff-Z were 0.694, 0.688, 0.799, and 0.690, respectively. The combination of NIC, Eff-Z, and NLR values showed good diagnostic performance in predicting response to NAC in GC, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.857, 76.92% sensitivity, 80% accuracy, and 85.71% specificity.

CONCLUSION

Spectral CT parameters may serve as non-invasive tools for predicting the response to NAC in patients with GC.

[Analysis of the influencing factors of short-term and long-term facial nerve function after vestibular schwannoma resection via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach]

Objective: To summarize the experience of facial nerve(FN) preservation in microsurgical treatment of vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach and to analyze the influencing factors of facial function prognosis in short-term and long-term period. Methods: Patients with VS who underwent microsurgery via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach by the skull base surgery team in Huashan Hospital from January 2013 to February 2018 were enrolled. A total of 308 patients were included in this study, including 132 males and 176 females. The average age was 47.9 year-old (Range: 17-79 year-old). The patient's clinical data and FN function prognosis were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analysis by SPSS 23.0 statistical software were performed to evaluate the factors affecting facial function prognosis and its recovery. Results: Gross total resection was achieved in 304 cases, and subtotal resection was in 4 cases. The facial nerve preservation rate anatomically was 99.4%. The facial nerve of 2 cases was thin due to large tumor compression and severed, and a one-stage reconstruction was performed during surgery.Of the 308 patients, 300 cases were successfully followed up, and 8 cases were lost to follow-up. The mean follow-up time was 52 months. In short-term (2 weeks after surgery), satisfactory facial nerve function (House-Brackmann (H-B) grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ) was achieved in 96 cases, and 212 cases were unsatisfactory function (H-B grade Ⅲ-Ⅵ). After 1 year, 198 were satisfactory function and 97 were unsatisfactory. After 3 years, 219 were satisfactory function and 75 were unsatisfactory. Five years later, 155 were satisfactory function and 34 were unsatisfactory. According to the results of logistic regression analysis, the impact factors of FN function in short-term were tumor size (P=0.011) and stimulation threshold (ST) of EMG monitoring (P<0.001). The impact factors in long-term were tumor size (P=0.005), ST of EMG monitoring (P=0.005) and FN rehabilitation training. Conclusions: Tumor diameter is an independent factor related to FN function, and the larger the tumor, the worse the postoperative FN function. The ST of EMG (ST≤0.05 mA) can predict short-term and long-term FN function. The systematic facial rehabilitation training can effectively promote the recovery of FN after surgery.

Broadband directional scattering through a phase difference acquired in composite nanoparticles

We study the broadband scattering of light by composite nanoparticles through the Born approximation, FEM simulations, and measurements. The particles consist of two materials and show broadband directional scattering. From the analytical approach and the subsequent FEM simulations, it was found that the directional scattering is due to the phase difference between the fields scattered by of each of the two materials of the nanoparticle. To confirm this experimentally, composite nanoparticles were produced using ion-beam etching. Measurements of SiO2 / Au composite nanoparticles confirmed the directional scattering which was predicted by theory and simulations.

Multiorgan MRI findings after hospitalisation with COVID-19 in the UK (C-MORE): a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study

INTRODUCTION

The multiorgan impact of moderate to severe coronavirus infections in the post-acute phase is still poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities after hospitalisation with COVID-19, evaluate their determinants, and explore associations with patient-related outcome measures.

METHODS

In a prospective, UK-wide, multicentre MRI follow-up study (C-MORE), adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital following COVID-19 who were included in Tier 2 of the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) and contemporary controls with no evidence of previous COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody negative) underwent multiorgan MRI (lungs, heart, brain, liver, and kidneys) with quantitative and qualitative assessment of images and clinical adjudication when relevant. Individuals with end-stage renal failure or contraindications to MRI were excluded. Participants also underwent detailed recording of symptoms, and physiological and biochemical tests. The primary outcome was the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities (two or more organs) relative to controls, with further adjustments for potential confounders. The C-MORE study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04510025.

FINDINGS

Of 2710 participants in Tier 2 of PHOSP-COVID, 531 were recruited across 13 UK-wide C-MORE sites. After exclusions, 259 C-MORE patients (mean age 57 years [SD 12]; 158 [61%] male and 101 [39%] female) who were discharged from hospital with PCR-confirmed or clinically diagnosed COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and Nov 1, 2021, and 52 non-COVID-19 controls from the community (mean age 49 years [SD 14]; 30 [58%] male and 22 [42%] female) were included in the analysis. Patients were assessed at a median of 5·0 months (IQR 4·2-6·3) after hospital discharge. Compared with non-COVID-19 controls, patients were older, living with more obesity, and had more comorbidities. Multiorgan abnormalities on MRI were more frequent in patients than in controls (157 [61%] of 259 vs 14 [27%] of 52; p<0·0001) and independently associated with COVID-19 status (odds ratio [OR] 2·9 [95% CI 1·5-5·8]; padjusted=0·0023) after adjusting for relevant confounders. Compared with controls, patients were more likely to have MRI evidence of lung abnormalities (p=0·0001; parenchymal abnormalities), brain abnormalities (p<0·0001; more white matter hyperintensities and regional brain volume reduction), and kidney abnormalities (p=0·014; lower medullary T1 and loss of corticomedullary differentiation), whereas cardiac and liver MRI abnormalities were similar between patients and controls. Patients with multiorgan abnormalities were older (difference in mean age 7 years [95% CI 4-10]; mean age of 59·8 years [SD 11·7] with multiorgan abnormalities vs mean age of 52·8 years [11·9] without multiorgan abnormalities; p<0·0001), more likely to have three or more comorbidities (OR 2·47 [1·32-4·82]; padjusted=0·0059), and more likely to have a more severe acute infection (acute CRP >5mg/L, OR 3·55 [1·23-11·88]; padjusted=0·025) than those without multiorgan abnormalities. Presence of lung MRI abnormalities was associated with a two-fold higher risk of chest tightness, and multiorgan MRI abnormalities were associated with severe and very severe persistent physical and mental health impairment (PHOSP-COVID symptom clusters) after hospitalisation.

INTERPRETATION

After hospitalisation for COVID-19, people are at risk of multiorgan abnormalities in the medium term. Our findings emphasise the need for proactive multidisciplinary care pathways, with the potential for imaging to guide surveillance frequency and therapeutic stratification.

FUNDING

UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research.

Prefrontal cortex astroglia modulate anhedonia-like behavior

Reductions of astroglia expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are consistently found in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of patients with depression and in rodent chronic stress models. Here, we examine the consequences of PFC GFAP+ cell depletion and cell activity enhancement on depressive-like behaviors in rodents. Using viral expression of diphtheria toxin receptor in PFC GFAP+ cells, which allows experimental depletion of these cells following diphtheria toxin administration, we demonstrated that PFC GFAP+ cell depletion induced anhedonia-like behavior within 2 days and lasting up to 8 days, but no anxiety-like deficits. Conversely, activating PFC GFAP+ cell activity for 3 weeks using designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) reversed chronic restraint stress-induced anhedonia-like deficits, but not anxiety-like deficits. Our results highlight a critical role of cortical astroglia in the development of anhedonia and further support the idea of targeting astroglia for the treatment of depression.

Value of deep-learning image reconstruction at submillisievert CT for evaluation of the female pelvis

AIM

To assess the value of deep-learning reconstruction (DLR) at submillisievert computed tomography (CT) for the evaluation of the female pelvis, with standard dose (SD) hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR) images as reference.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The present study enrolled 50 female patients consecutively who underwent contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic CT for clinically indicated reasons. Submillisievert pelvic images were acquired using a noise index of 15 for low-dose (LD) scans, which were reconstructed with DLR (body and body sharp), hybrid-IR, and model-based IR (MBIR). Additionally, SD scans were reconstructed with a noise index of 7.5 using hybrid-IR. Radiation dose, quantitative image quality, overall image quality, image appearance using a five-point Likert scale (1-5: worst to best), and lesion evaluation in both SD and LD images were analysed and compared.

RESULTS

The submillisievert pelvic CT examinations showed a 61.09 ± 4.13% reduction in the CT dose index volume compared to SD examinations. Among the LD images, DLR (body sharp) had the highest quantitative quality, followed by DLR (body), MBIR, and hybrid-IR. LD DLR (body) had overall image quality comparable to the reference (p=0.084) and favourable image appearance (p=0.209). In total, 40 pelvic lesions were detected in both SD and LD images. LD DLR (body and body sharp) exhibited similar diagnostic confidence (p=0.317 and 0.096) compared with SD hybrid-IR.

CONCLUSION

DLR algorithms, providing comparable image quality and diagnostic confidence, are feasible in submillisievert abdominopelvic CT. The DLR (body) algorithm with favourable image appearance is recommended in clinical settings.

Observation of New Baryons in the Ξ_{b}^{-}π^{+}π^{-} and Ξ_{b}^{0}π^{+}π^{-} Systems

The first observation and study of two new baryonic structures in the final state Ξ_{b}^{0}π^{+}π^{-} and the confirmation of the Ξ_{b}(6100)^{-} state in the Ξ_{b}^{-}π^{+}π^{-} decay mode are reported using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1}. In addition, the properties of the known Ξ_{b}^{*0}, Ξ_{b}^{'-} and Ξ_{b}^{*-} resonances are measured with improved precision. The new decay mode of the Ξ_{b}^{0} baryon to the Ξ_{c}^{+} π^{-} π^{+} π^{-} final state is observed and exploited for the first time in these measurements.

Precision Measurement of CP Violation in the Penguin-Mediated Decay B_{s}^{0}→ϕϕ

A flavor-tagged time-dependent angular analysis of the decay B_{s}^{0}→ϕϕ is performed using pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at the center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6  fb^{-1}. The CP-violating phase and direct CP-violation parameter are measured to be ϕ_{s}^{ss[over ¯]s}=-0.042±0.075±0.009  rad and |λ|=1.004±0.030±0.009, respectively, assuming the same values for all polarization states of the ϕϕ system. In these results, the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. These parameters are also determined separately for each polarization state, showing no evidence for polarization dependence. The results are combined with previous LHCb measurements using pp collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, yielding ϕ_{s}^{ss[over ¯]s}=-0.074±0.069  rad and |λ|=1.009±0.030. This is the most precise study of time-dependent CP violation in a penguin-dominated B meson decay. The results are consistent with CP symmetry and with the standard model predictions.

Measurement of the Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ(1520)μ^{+}μ^{-} Differential Branching Fraction

The branching fraction of the rare decay Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ(1520)μ^{+}μ^{-} is measured for the first time, in the squared dimuon mass intervals q^{2}, excluding the J/ψ and ψ(2S) regions. The data sample analyzed was collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1}. The result in the highest q^{2} interval, q^{2}>15.0  GeV^{2}/c^{4}, where theoretical predictions have the smallest model dependence, agrees with the predictions.

Structure and luminescence properties of single-component melilite Sr2MgSi2O7:Ce/Tb/Sm for n-UV wLEDs

Phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-wLEDs) have attracted attention in the field of solid-state lighting. Selection and study of suitable single-phase phosphor and packaging modes are currently the main research hotspots. Herein, color-tunable photoluminescence (PL) and thermally stable tri-doped Melitite Sr2MgSi2O7:Ce/Tb/Sm are systematically studied via structural and static/dynamic spectral analyses. All dopants could only be accommodated in the Sr site due to similar ionic radii. Previous studies have concluded that green and red PL could be obtained from singly doped Tb and Sm phosphors with excellent reproduction, and color tunable PL can be achieved from Ce/Tb co-doped phosphors. The forbidden 4f-4f transitions of Tb/Sm cause low efficiency and Ce/Tb co-doping cannot achieve white light emissions. Alternatively, co-doping allowed 5d-4f transition sensitizer with emissions in the UV-blue region (i.e., Ce), color-tunable PL (including the white light); high efficiency of Sr2MgSi2O7:Ce/Tb/Sm could be achieved via energy transfer (ET) from Ce → Tb → Sm. The impossibly direct ET from Ce → Sm is associated with the side metal-metal charge transfer (MMCT) effect. Due to chemically nonequivalent substitutions, two positive Ce(Tb,Sm)Sr and one negative V''Sr were created to maintain the whole charge balance. To reduce the defects and allow more dopants to enter into the Sr site, Na+ was added as a charge balancer to enhance PL efficiency. Furthermore, an alkaline-earth-metal-ions blending strategy via partial replacement of Sr with Ba was investigated to regulate PL owing to the change in crystal field splitting. PL blue-shifted by Ba-co-doping, which could increase the degree of overlapping and enhance ET efficiency. As a proof-of-concept experiment, the pc-wLED fabricated via a combination of the optimal Sr(Ba)2MgSi2O7:Ce/Tb/Sm/Na and an n-UV LED chip based on a remote 'capping' packaging mode shows excellent performances, indicating its strong potential application in the field of solid-state lighting.

An Innovative Regimen Basing on HFRT/SBRT and RC48-ADC Coactivation for Salvage Therapy in Patients with HER2-Expressing Advanced Solid Tumors

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

It is now widely accepted that radiotherapy, especially hypofractionated radiation therapy (HFRT) or stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT), can modulate tumor phenotypes, enhance antigen presentation and provoke a systemic immune response which gives a strong rationale for the combination of RT and immunotherapy (iRT). The PRaG therapy is an innovative iRT, when combined with HFRT/SBRT, PD-1/L1 inhibitor and GM-CSF to activate the immune response and modulate the tumor microenvironment to exert the desired in abscopal effect. Previous studies have demonstrated encouraging efficacy of the PRaG regimen in the treatment of advanced refractory tumors. RC48-ADC is a promising anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate with inducing immunogenic cell death and widespread release of cancer cell antigens, synergize with immunotherapy by promoting effector T-cell activation. The aim of this study is to explore efficacy and safety of RC48-ADC combined with radiotherapy, PD-1/L1 inhibitor sequential GM-CSF and IL-2(PRaG3.0 regimen) for treatment of HER2-expressing advanced solid tumors.

MATERIALS/METHODS

Participants with advanced, confirmed HER2-expressing (IHC3+, 2+ or 1+) solid tumors that had progressed after standard treatment, or intolerance were enrolled. In a PRaG3.0 regimen cycle, those received RC48-ADC (2.0 mg/kg d1, every 3 weeks), then HFRT (2-3 doses of 5-8 Gy) was delivered for one metastatic lesion every other day, followed by GM-CSF (200 μg d3-7), sequential IL-2(2million IU d8-12), and PD-1/L1 inhibitor was dosing within one week after completion of HFRT. After RC48-ADC combined with PD-1/L1 inhibitor sequential GM-CSF and IL-2 for at least 6 cycles, then maintenance with PD-1/L1 inhibitor was administered until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT05115500.

RESULTS

With the cutoff date of 31 December 2022, a total of 30 patients (n = 6 for gynecological cancer, n = 5 for pancreatic cancer, n = 19 for other cancers) were enrolled, in which 21 patients completed at least 1 tumor assessment. The objective response rate (ORR) was 42.9%, and the disease control rate was 71.4% by RECIST1.1. The ORR was 66.7% in gynecological cancer, 25.3% in pancreatic cancer, and 36.4% in other cancers. Median progression-free survival (PFS) for all patients was 7.0 months (95% CI: 3.4, 10.7). The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) included fatigue, fever, alopecia and anorexia. Grade ≥3 TRAEs occurred in two patients (6.7%).

CONCLUSION

These preliminary results show that of PRaG3.0 regimen has a manageable safety profile and encouraging antitumor activity in heavily pretreated patients with HER2- expressing cancers. Ultimately the regimen achieved the accurate integration of RT, immunotherapy and targeted therapy.

Impact of PRaG Therapy on Immune Microenvironment of Bilateral Subcutaneous Tumor Model of Colon Cancer

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Immune microenvironment is closely related to the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors. The immune microenvironment contains a variety of immune cells, including effector T cells (cytotoxic CD8+T cells and effector CD4+T cells), dendritic cells (DC), and Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The antitumor effects of PRaG therapy have been confirmed in bilateral subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of colon cancer. But the impact of PRaG therapy on immune microenvironment of such model is unclear. Therefore, the study continued to reveal the changes of immune microenvironment in mice.

MATERIALS/METHODS

80 male Balb/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were divided into five groups: control group, PD-1 inhibitor group, radiation group, radiation + PD-1 inhibitor group, and radiation + PD-1 inhibitor +GM-CSF (PRaG therapy) group. Bilateral subcutaneous tumor model of colon cancer in mice was constructed. 3×105 CT26.WT cells were inoculated subcutaneously in the right thigh root, and then the left thigh root 3 days later. Right subcutaneous tumor was selected for radiotherapy of 8 Gy×3. GM-CSF (100ng, i.p.) was given on the 1st day and PD-1 inhibitor (0.25mg/kg, i.p.) was given on the 2nd day after radiotherapy with one cycle every 3 days. On day 15, the spleen, left inguinal lymph node and left subcutaneous tumor of mice were collected. The proportion of immune cells was detected by flow cytometry.

RESULTS

Compared with other groups, PRaG therapy decreased the proportion of cDC1 in left inguinal lymph node, increased the proportion of cDC2 in left subcutaneous tumor and left inguinal lymph node. Moreover, PRaG therapy increased the proportion of CD8+ effector memory T cells and CD226+CD8+T cells in left inguinal lymph nodes. Finally, PRaG therapy increased the proportion of CD4+, CD8+ central memory T cells and CD69+CD8+T cells and reduced the proportion of M-MDSCs in spleen.

CONCLUSION

PRaG therapy can improve the immune microenvironment of spleen, unirradiated tumors and inguinal draining lymph nodes of bilateral subcutaneous tumor model of colon cancer in mice.

Clinical Characteristics, Patterns of Care, and Treatment Outcomes of Radiation-Associated Sarcomas

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

In this study, we describe the clinical presentation, patterns of care, and treatment outcomes for radiation-associated sarcomas (RAS) patients seen at our institution.

MATERIALS/METHODS

Patients with RAS treated at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center between January 1, 2015 and January 20, 2021 were included. Demographic and clinical variables, as well as outcomes, were abstracted from chart review. Differences in outcomes were assessed based on log-rank test.

RESULTS

A total of 38 patients with a diagnosis of RAS were identified (17 males, 21 females). The median age at radiotherapy for index malignancy was 55.3 years (range 0.2-77.5). The median latency following index radiotherapy until the RAS diagnosis was 9.1 years (range 3.7-46.3). The median age at RAS diagnosis was 68.4 years (range 27.9-85.4). The most common index malignancy associated with a subsequent RAS was breast carcinoma (n = 9 [23.7%]). The most common RAS histology was angiosarcoma (n = 10 [26.3%]). Median RAS tumor size was 5.25 cm (range 0.4-30.5). RAS grade was most commonly grade 3 (n = 25 [65.8%]). RAS locations included abdominopelvic (n = 15 [39.5%]); head & neck (n = 10 [26.3%]); and thorax (n = 10 [26.3%]). Genomic profiling identified mutations in TP53 (n = 12 [31.6%]); MYC (n = 6 [15.8%]); and CDK2A/4 (n = 5 [13.2%]). Median tumor mutation burden (TMB) was 2.6 mutations/megabase (range 0.5-6.3). Among the 33 patients with non-metastatic RAS at presentation, 78.8% (n = 26) underwent oncologic resection. Margins were R0 in 69.2% (n = 18), R1 in 19.2% (n = 5), and R2 in 11.5% (n = 3). 54.5% (n = 18) received systemic therapy and 24.2% (n = 8) received radiotherapy as part of curative-intent treatment (median dose 50.4 Gy [range 45-57.5]). For the entire cohort, median PFS was 9.0 months and median OS was 11.1 months. Among patients who presented with non-metastatic RAS, the median LRFS was 9.5 months (range 2.0-34.7); median PFS was 9.0 months (range 2.0-34.7); and median OS was 10.6 months (range 0.6-31.6). Amongst patients with metastatic RAS at presentation, median PFS was 7.4 months (range 1.4-15.8) and median OS was 13.1 months (range 6.0-14.9). Patients who presented with non-metastatic vs metastatic RAS had a significantly longer PFS (p = 0.025) and OS (p = 0.033). Amongst non-metastatic RAS, an R0 resection was associated with significantly improved mean OS (75.3 months [95% CI 54.9-95.8]) in comparison to R1 (15.2 months [95% CI 5.3-25.1]) and R2 margins (19.7 months [95% CI 10.7-28.7]), p = 0.016. Among patients managed with curative intent, there was no significant association between receipt of either systemic therapy or radiotherapy and duration of LC, PFS, or OS.

CONCLUSION

Outcomes for RAS are strikingly poor. Patients with non-metastatic RAS had a significantly longer PFS and OS compared to patients who presented with metastatic RAS. As part of a curative-intent treatment, R0 surgical margins, but not receipt of systemic therapy or radiotherapy, were associated with improved OS in our cohort.

A Prospective Clinical Trial of Radiotherapy Combined with PD-1 Inhibitors and GM-CSF, Sequentially Followed by IL-2 (PRaG 2.0) Regimen in Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Radiotherapy could stimulate the immune response and might synergize with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the clinical treatment of malignancies. Our previous PRaG trial also demonstrated that SBRT/HFRT in combination with PD-1 inhibitors and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) could improve clinical response in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors (ChiCTR1900026175). To further improve the efficacy of immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy, we conducted the PRaG 2.0 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04892498) and optimized the PRaG regimen by adding interleukin-2 (IL-2). Preliminary results of PRaG 2.0 had been reported in the 64th ASTRO. Now we report an updated result.

MATERIALS/METHODS

The PRaG 2.0 regimen was administered to patients with advanced refractory solid tumors who lacked or were unable to tolerate standard-of-care treatments. A treatment cycle consisted of SBRT or HFRT (5 or 8 Gy×2-3f) delivered for one metastatic lesion, PD-1 inhibitor dosing within one week after completion of radiotherapy, GM-CSF 200μg subcutaneous (SC) injection once daily for 7 days, and then sequentially followed by IL-2 2million IU SC once daily for 7 days. PRaG 2.0 regimen was repeated every 21 days for at least 2 cycles until no appropriate lesions for irradiation or reached the tolerance dose of normal tissues. Patients who could not continue radiotherapy and had not yet developed progression disease (PD) allowed PD-1 inhibitors to be continued as maintenance therapy until PD or unacceptable toxicity but no more than one year. The primary endpoint was Progression-Free Survival (PFS).

RESULTS

As of 31st October 2022, 51 patients were enrolled in the study, and 42 completed at least one tumor assessment. The median Progression-Free Survival (PFS) was 5.8 months, and the median overall survival (OS) was 13.5 months. The objective response rate (ORR) was 21.4%, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 61.9% according to RECIST version 1.1. Lower plasma levels of Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17 at baseline were found to be associated with improved PFS. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) occurred in 34 of 42 (78.6%) patients, Grade ≥ 3 TRAEs occurred in 4 patients (9.5%). TRAEs leading to discontinuation of all study treatments occurred in three patients (7.1%).

CONCLUSION

The PRaG 2.0 trial demonstrates that PD-1 inhibitors in combination with SBRT/HFRT, GM-CSF, and IL-2 could be a potential treatment regimen for patients with advanced refractory solid tumors, with an acceptable benefit/risk profile.

Impact of PRaG Therapy on Peripheral Immune Cells of Subcutaneous Tumor Peritoneal Metastasis Model of Colon Cancer

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Immune cells in peripheral blood may be closely related to the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. T cells originally present in tumors may have limited antitumor effects, and T cells that respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors may be derived from peripheral blood. Therefore, in this study, subcutaneous tumor peritoneal metastasis model of colon cancer was constructed to reveal the changes of T cells and their subsets (CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, CD226+T cells), MDSCs and their subsets (G-MDSCs, M-MDSCs) in peripheral blood of mice after PRaG therapy.

MATERIALS/METHODS

A total of 90 male Balb/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were divided into five groups: control group, PD-1 inhibitor group, radiation group, radiation + PD-1 inhibitor group, and radiation + PD-1 inhibitor +GM-CSF (PRaG therapy) group. The subcutaneous tumor peritoneal metastasis model of colon cancer was constructed. 3×105 CT26.WT cells was inoculated subcutaneously at the right thigh root, and 5 days later, 1×105 CT26.WT cells was inoculated on the left side at the junction of the anterior superior iliac spine and the midabdominal line. The subcutaneous tumor was selected for radiotherapy of 8 Gy×3. GM-CSF (100ng, i.p.) was given on the 1st day and PD-1 inhibitor (0.25mg/kg, i.p.) was given on the 2nd day after radiotherapy with one cycle every 3 days. On day 22, the peripheral blood of mice was collected. The proportion of immune cells was detected by flow cytometry.

RESULTS

Compared with other groups, PRaG therapy decreased the proportion of CD4+T cells and increased the proportion of CD8+T cells. Moreover, PRaG therapy increased the proportion of CD226+CD4+T cells and CD226+CD8+T cells. Finally, PRaG therapy increased the proportion of M-MDSCs and decreased the proportion of G-MDSCs.

CONCLUSION

PRaG therapy can improve the immune microenvironment of peripheral blood of subcutaneous tumor peritoneal metastasis model of colon cancer in mice.

Observation of New Ω_{c}^{0} States Decaying to the Ξ_{c}^{+}K^{-} Final State

Two new excited states, Ω_{c}(3185)^{0} and Ω_{c}(3327)^{0}, are observed in the Ξ_{c}^{+}K^{-} invariant-mass spectrum using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1}. Five previously observed excited Ω_{c}^{0} states are confirmed, namely Ω_{c}(3000)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3050)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3065)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3090)^{0}, and Ω_{c}(3119)^{0}. The masses and widths of these seven states are measured with the highest precision to date.

Evidence of a J/ψK_{S}^{0} Structure in B^{0}→J/ψϕK_{S}^{0} Decays

An amplitude analysis of B^{0}→J/ψϕK_{S}^{0} decays is performed using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. Evidence with a significance of 4.0 standard deviations of a structure in the J/ψK_{S}^{0} system, named T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000)^{0}, is seen, with its mass and width measured to be 3991_{-10}^{+12} _{-17}^{+9}  MeV/c^{2} and 105_{-25}^{+29} _{-23}^{+17}  MeV, respectively, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000)^{0} state is likely to be the isospin partner of the T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000)^{+} state, previously observed in the J/ψK^{+} system of the B^{+}→J/ψϕK^{+} decay. When isospin symmetry for the charged and neutral T_{ψs1}^{θ}(4000) states is assumed, the signal significance increases to 5.4 standard deviations.

[Construction of a schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system in Wuhan City based on analytic hierarchy process]

OBJECTIVE

To construct a schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system in Wuhan City and preliminary evaluate its application effect, so as to promote the rational allocation of schistosomiasis control resources and accelerate the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination.

METHODS

The schistosomiasis risk assessment indicators were collected through referring schistosomiasis surveillance data of Wuhan City from 2014 to 2020, literature review and expert interviews. Indicators within each criterion and sub-criterion were screened using the Delphi method, and a hierarchical structure model was created based on analytic hierarchy process. Quantitative assignment of each indicator was conducted according to relative importance, and the weight and combination weight of each criterion were calculated in each analytic hierarchy framework to create a schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system, which was used for the schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment in 12 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Wuhan City.

RESULTS

A three-level schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system was preliminarily constructed, which included a target layer, 5 criterion layers and 21 sub-criterion layers. Of all indicators in the criterion layer, transmission route had the highest weight (0.433), followed by source of Schistosoma japonicum infection (0.294); and among all indicators in the sub-criterion layer, S. japonicum infection in Oncomelania hupensis and sentinel mice had the highest combination weight (0.125), followed by prevalence of S. japonicum infection in humans (0.091) and bovines (0.053), snail control by chemical treatment (0.049), positive rate of inquiry examinations (0.048), allocation of schistosomiasis control professionals (0.045), and areas of submerged snail-infested settings (0.041). Of the 12 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Wuhan City, there were 5 sites with weights of > 0.8, 4 sites with weights of 0.6 to 0.8, and 3 sites with weights of < 0.6 in 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

A schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system has been constructed based on analytic hierarchy process in Wuhan City, which may provide a evidence-based basis for health resource allocation and decision-making for schistosomiasis control.

Measurement of the Ratios of Branching Fractions R(D^{*}) and R(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions R(D^{*})≡B(B[over ¯]→D^{*}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ})/B(B[over ¯]→D^{*}μ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ}) and R(D^{0})≡B(B^{-}→D^{0}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ})/B(B^{-}→D^{0}μ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ}) are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0  fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode τ^{-}→μ^{-}ν_{τ}ν[over ¯]_{μ}. The measured values are R(D^{*})=0.281±0.018±0.024 and R(D^{0})=0.441±0.060±0.066, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is ρ=-0.43. The results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the standard model.

Measurement of the Prompt D^{0} Nuclear Modification Factor in p-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV

The production of prompt D^{0} mesons in proton-lead collisions in both the forward and backward rapidity regions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16  TeV is measured by the LHCb experiment. The nuclear modification factor of prompt D^{0} mesons is determined as a function of the transverse momentum p_{T}, and the rapidity in the nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass frame y^{*}. In the forward rapidity region, significantly suppressed production with respect to pp collisions is measured, which provides significant constraints on models of nuclear parton distributions and hadron production down to the very low Bjorken-x region of ∼10^{-5}. In the backward rapidity region, a suppression with a significance of 2.0-3.8 standard deviations compared to parton distribution functions in a nuclear environment expectations is found in the kinematic region of p_{T}>6  GeV/c and -3.25 Collapse

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[Study on sIgE distribution characteristics and the sensitization pattern of allergen in 1 161 patients with allergic diseases of respiratory tract in northwest China]

Objective: To explore the allergen map of patients with allergic diseases in northwest China, to investigate the distribution characteristics of serum specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE) in different ages, genders, diseases and the sensitization patterns of allergens. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study, a total of 1 161 patients with confirmed respiratory allergic diseases were selected retrospectively from outpatient or inpatient department of Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University and Tumor Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from June 2019 to October 2022. HAIKE ALLEOS 2000 fluorescent magnetic particle chemiluminescence method was used to quantify their serum for 12 inhaled allergen-specific IgE. Chi square test or Fisher's exact test were used for comparison between count data groups (Bonferroni correction was used for further pairwise comparison in multiple groups, two-sided P<0.05/3=0.017 considered that the difference was statistically significant). Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation of continuous numerical variables. Results: The positive detection rate of sIgE in 1 161 patients was 66.8%(776/1 161). The three highest positive rate of inhaled allergen were mugwort(599/1 161, 51.6%), French chrysanthemum(565/1 161, 48.7%) and dandelion(412/1 161, 35.5%). In different age groups, the highest positive rate of sIgE was 7-18 age group(379/513, 73.9%) while the lowest positive rate was 4-6 age group(222/370, 60.0%), the difference between groups was statistically significant(χ2=21.177, P<0.001). The sensitization peak of mugwort, French chrysanthemum, plantain, timothy, birch, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides farinae, cat epithelium, dog epithelium and German cockroach appeared in 7-18 age group. In different disease groups, the highest positive rate of sIgE was allergic rhinitis with asthma group (500/717, 69.7%) while the lowest positive rate was asthma group (76/144, 52.8%), the difference between groups was statistically significant(χ2=15.563, P<0.001). In different gender groups, the positive rate of sIgE in male (503/711, 70.7%) was higher than in female (273/450, 60.7%), the difference between groups was statistically significant(χ2=12.630, P<0.001). The multiple-sensitization rate was 86.9%(674/776) and the double-sensitization rate was 16.8%(130/776) in sIgE positive patients. Pearson correlation results showed that there was an extremely strong correlation between dandelion and French chrysanthemum(r=0.93,P<0.001). There was a strong correlation between mugwort and French chrysanthemum(r=0.64,P<0.001). In the co-sensitization analysis, the number of patients sensitized by mugwort, French chrysanthemum, dandelion, plantain and timothy accounted for 25.2%(170/674)of the total number of multiple sensitization. The number of patients sensitized by mugwort, French chrysanthemum and dandelion accounted for 58.3%(393/674)of the total number of multiple sensitization. The number of patients sensitized by mugwort, French chrysanthemum, dandelion and plantain accounted for 35.6%(240/674) of the total number of multiple sensitization. Conclusion: Mugwort, French chrysanthemum, dandelion are the major inhaled allergens in northwest China. The positive rate of sIgE was different in different ages, diseases and genders. The multiple-sensitization rate of allergen was high and there was a certain positive correlation between pollen allergen-specific IgE pairwise, suggesting that there may exist co-sensitization or cross-reactions among allergens.

Measurement of the Time-Integrated CP Asymmetry in D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} Decays

The time-integrated CP asymmetry in the Cabibbo-suppressed decay D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.7  fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the LHCb detector. The D^{0} mesons are required to originate from promptly produced D^{*+}→D^{0}π^{+} decays, and the charge of the companion pion is used to determine the flavor of the charm meson at production. The time-integrated CP asymmetry is measured to be A_{CP}(K^{-}K^{+})=[6.8±5.4±1.6]×10^{-4} where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The direct CP asymmetries in D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} and D^{0}→π^{-}π^{+} decays, a_{K^{-}K^{+}}^{d} and a_{π^{-}π^{+}}^{d}, are derived by combining A_{CP}(K^{-}K^{+}) with the time-integrated CP asymmetry difference, ΔA_{CP}=A_{CP}(K^{-}K^{+})-A_{CP}(π^{-}π^{+}), and other inputs, giving a_{K^{-}K^{+}}^{d}=(7.7±5.7)×10^{-4},a_{π^{-}π^{+}}^{d}=(23.2±6.1)×10^{-4},with a correlation coefficient corresponding to ρ=0.88. The compatibility of these results with CP symmetry is 1.4 and 3.8 standard deviations for D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} and D^{0}→π^{-}π^{+} decays, respectively. This is the first evidence for direct CP violation in a specific D^{0} decay.

Measurement of the Branching Fractions B(B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯]) and B(B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯])

Searches for the rare hadronic decays B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] and B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] are performed using proton-proton collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1}. Significances of 9.3σ and 4.0σ, including statistical and systematic uncertainties, are obtained for the B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] and B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯] signals, respectively. The branching fractions are measured relative to the topologically similar normalization decays B^{0}→J/ψ(→pp[over ¯])K^{*0}(→K^{+}π^{-}) and B_{s}^{0}→J/ψ(→pp[over ¯])⁢ϕ(→K^{+}K^{-}). The branching fractions are measured to be B(B^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯])=(2.2±0.4±0.1±0.1)×10^{-8} and B(B_{s}^{0}→pp[over ¯]pp[over ¯])=(2.3±1.0±0.2±0.1)×10^{-8}. In these measurements, the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third one is due to the external branching fraction of the normalization channel.

Observation of a Resonant Structure near the D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} Threshold in the B^{+}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-}K^{+} Decay

An amplitude analysis of the B^{+}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-}K^{+} decay is carried out to study for the first time its intermediate resonant contributions, using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. A near-threshold peaking structure, referred to as X(3960), is observed in the D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} invariant-mass spectrum with significance greater than 12 standard deviations. The mass, width, and the quantum numbers of the structure are measured to be 3956±5±10  MeV, 43±13±8  MeV, and J^{PC}=0^{++}, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The properties of the new structure are consistent with recent theoretical predictions for a state composed of cc[over ¯]ss[over ¯] quarks. Evidence for an additional structure is found around 4140 MeV in the D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} invariant mass, which might be caused either by a new resonance with the 0^{++} assignment or by a J/ψϕ↔D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} coupled-channel effect.

Evidence for Modification of b Quark Hadronization in High-Multiplicity pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

The production rate of B_{s}^{0} mesons relative to B^{0} mesons is measured by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=13  TeV over the forward rapidity interval 2 Collapse

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Test of Lepton Universality in b→sℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} Decays

The first simultaneous test of muon-electron universality using B^{+}→K^{+}ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} and B^{0}→K^{*0}ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} decays is performed, in two ranges of the dilepton invariant-mass squared, q^{2}. The analysis uses beauty mesons produced in proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector between 2011 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1}. Each of the four lepton universality measurements reported is either the first in the given q^{2} interval or supersedes previous LHCb measurements. The results are compatible with the predictions of the Standard Model.

First Observation of a Doubly Charged Tetraquark and Its Neutral Partner

A combined amplitude analysis is performed for the decays B^{0}→D[over ¯]^{0}D_{s}^{+}π^{-} and B^{+}→D^{-}D_{s}^{+}π^{+}, which are related by isospin symmetry. The analysis is based on data collected by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. The full data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1}. Two new resonant states with masses of 2.908±0.011±0.020  GeV and widths of 0.136±0.023±0.013  GeV are observed, which decay to D_{s}^{+}π^{+} and D_{s}^{+}π^{-} respectively. The former state indicates the first observation of a doubly charged open-charm tetraquark state with minimal quark content [cs[over ¯]ud[over ¯]], and the latter state is a neutral tetraquark composed of [cs[over ¯]u[over ¯]d] quarks. Both states are found to have spin-parity of 0^{+}, and their resonant parameters are consistent with each other, which suggests that they belong to an isospin triplet.

Search for Rare Decays of D^{0} Mesons into Two Muons

A search for the very rare D^{0}→μ^{+}μ^{-} decay is performed using data collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1}. The search is optimized for D^{0} mesons from D^{*+}→D^{0}π^{+} decays but is also sensitive to D^{0} mesons from other sources. No evidence for an excess of events over the expected background is observed. An upper limit on the branching fraction of this decay is set at B(D^{0}→μ^{+}μ^{-})<3.1×10^{-9} at a 90% C.L. This represents the world's most stringent limit, constraining models of physics beyond the standard model.

Nuclear Modification Factor of Neutral Pions in the Forward and Backward Regions in p-Pb Collisions

The nuclear modification factor of neutral pions is measured in proton-lead collisions collected at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon of 8.16 TeV with the LHCb detector. The π^{0} production cross section is measured differentially in transverse momentum (p_{T}) for 1.5 Collapse

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Observation of a J/ψΛ Resonance Consistent with a Strange Pentaquark Candidate in B^{-}→J/ψΛp[over ¯] Decays

An amplitude analysis of B^{-}→J/ψΛp[over ¯] decays is performed using 4400 signal candidates selected on a data sample of pp collisions recorded at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV with the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1}. A narrow resonance in the J/ψΛ system, consistent with a pentaquark candidate with strangeness, is observed with high significance. The mass and the width of this new state are measured to be 4338.2±0.7±0.4  MeV and 7.0±1.2±1.3  MeV, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The spin is determined to be 1/2 and negative parity is preferred. Because of the small Q-value of the reaction, the most precise single measurement of the B^{-} mass to date, 5279.44±0.05±0.07  MeV, is obtained.

Value of pelvic ultrasound combined with pituitary MRI in diagnosis of central precocious puberty in girls

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the value of pelvic ultrasound combined with pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on an artificial intelligence algorithm in the diagnosis of girls with central precocious puberty (CPP), providing reference for the prevention and control of CPP in girls.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

75 girls with CPP and 75 normal girls in Nantong First People's Hospital were studied. Pelvic ultrasound parameters were compared between the two groups based on an artificial intelligence algorithm. Pituitary MRI parameters were analyzed, and pituitary function parameters were explored.

RESULTS

The results showed that the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm were 72.3%, 74.6%, and 78.3%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CNN algorithm were significantly higher (p<0.05). The long diameter, anteroposterior diameter, and transverse diameter of the uterus in the precocious puberty (PP) group were significantly larger than those in the normal group (NG). The ovarian long diameter, ovarian anteroposterior diameter, and ovarian transverse diameter in PP group were significantly larger than those in NG. Uterine volume and ovarian volume in PP group were clearly higher than those in NG. The largest follicle diameter was clearly larger in PP patients than in NG patients. The coronal height, coronal width, sagittal height, and sagittal anteroposterior diameter of PP group were clearly higher than those of NG (p<0.05). The sagittal cross-sectional area of pituitary MRI morphology in PP group was significantly greater than that in NG. The pituitary MRI morphology pituitary volume was 272.68 mm in PP group and 191.37 mm in NG, and the pituitary volume was clearly larger in PP group than in NG. The pituitary function parameters estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH) peak, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) peak, and LH peak/FSH peak were greater in PP group than in NG.

CONCLUSIONS

In summary, the uterine size and ovarian size of girls and the pituitary function index in PP group were larger. Pelvic ultrasound and pituitary MRI indexes can better diagnose CPP and can be widely used in clinical practice with positive diagnostic value.

Prefrontal Cortex Astroglia Modulate Anhedonia-like Behavior

Reductions of astroglia expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are consistently found in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of patients with depression and in rodent chronic stress models. Here, we examine the consequences of PFC GFAP+ cell depletion and cell activity enhancement on depressive-like behaviors in rodents. Using viral expression of diphtheria toxin receptor in PFC GFAP+ cells, which allows experimental depletion of these cells following diphtheria toxin administration, we demonstrated that PFC GFAP+ cell depletion induced anhedonia-like behavior within 2 days and lasting up to 8 days, but no anxiety-like deficits. Conversely, activating PFC GFAP+ cell activity for 3 weeks using designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) reversed chronic restraint stress-induced anhedonia-like deficits, but not anxiety-like deficits. Our results highlight a critical role of cortical astroglia in the development of anhedonia and further support the idea of targeting astroglia for the treatment of depression.

[Evaluation of the relationship between the attachment type of lateral pterygoid muscle and the position of temporomandibular joint disc in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders based on wireless amplified MRI detector high resolution imaging]

Objective: To explore the correlation between the attachment type of lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) and the position of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) by using wireless amplified magnetic resonance imaging detector (WAND) coupled with conventional head and neck joint coil for high resolution imaging of TMJ. Methods: Eighty-five patients with TMD diagnosed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons of Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital from October 2019 to January 2022 were collected. A total of 160 TMJ were included. There were 16 males and 69 females, aged (32.7±14.2) years. All patients were scanned with open, closed oblique sagittal and coronal WAND coupled head and neck coils with bilateral TMJ. Based on TMJ and LPM high resolution imaging, to explore the correlation between LPM attachment types and the position of TMJ disc in TMD patients, and to evaluate the potential clinical value of LPM attachment types in TMD patients. χ² test and Pearson correlation analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between LPM attachment type and TMJ disc location. Results: There were three types of LPM attachment: type Ⅰ in 51 cases [31.9% (51/160)], type Ⅱ in 77 cases [48.1% (77/160)] and type Ⅲ in 32 cases [20.0% (32/160)]. There was a significant correlation between the type of LPM attachment and the position of articular disc (χ²=28.20, P=0.002, r=0.776). There was no statistical significance between the type of LPM attachment and the reversible displacement of articular disc (χ²=0.24, P=0.887, r=0.825). Conclusions: There is a correlation between the attachment type of LPM and the position of the disc in TMD patients. WNAD coupled with conventional head and neck joint coil TMJ high resolution scan can provide reliable imaging evidence for TMD patients in evaluating the type of LPM attachment and the location of disc.