1
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Polak J, Sachs D, Scherrer N, Süess A, Liu H, Levesque M, Werner S, Mazza E, Restivo G, Meboldt M, Giampietro C. Radial matrix constraint influences tissue contraction and promotes maturation of bi-layered skin equivalents. Biomater Adv 2024; 156:213702. [PMID: 37992477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Human skin equivalents (HSEs) serve as important tools for mechanistic studies with human skin cells, drug discovery, pre-clinical applications in the field of tissue engineering and for skin transplantation on skin defects. Besides the cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) components used for HSEs, physical constraints applied on the scaffold during HSEs maturation influence tissue organization, functionality, and homogeneity. In this study, we introduce a 3D-printed culture insert that exposes bi-layered HSEs to a static radial constraint through matrix adhesion. We examine the effect of various diameters of the ring-shaped culture insert on the HSE's characteristics and compare them to state-of-the-art unconstrained and planar constrained HSEs. We show that radial matrix constraint of HSEs regulates tissue contraction, promotes fibroblast and matrix organization that is similar to human skin in vivo and improves keratinocyte differentiation, epidermal stratification, and basement membrane formation depending on the culture insert diameter. Together, these data demonstrate that the degree of HSE's contraction is an important design consideration in skin tissue engineering. Therefore, this study can help to mimic various in vivo skin conditions and to increase the control of relevant tissue properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Polak
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
| | - David Sachs
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Nino Scherrer
- Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Süess
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Huan Liu
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Dubendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Gaetana Restivo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Meboldt
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Dubendorf 8600, Switzerland
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2
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Amaral T, Pop OT, Chatziioannou E, Sinnberg T, Niessner H, Zhao J, Ring SS, Joerger M, Schroeder C, Armeanu-Ebinger S, Cozzio A, Leiter U, Thomas I, Jochum W, Garbe C, Forchhammer S, Levesque M, Mangana J, Hölzel M, Dummer R, Schürch CM, Forschner A, Flatz L. EGFR expression is associated with relapse in a melanoma cohort receiving adjuvant PD-1-based immunotherapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:1072-1074. [PMID: 37487833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Amaral
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oltin Tiberiu Pop
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Eftychia Chatziioannou
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Niessner
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Stephanie Ring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Joerger
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Schroeder
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sorin Armeanu-Ebinger
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antonio Cozzio
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Leiter
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ioannis Thomas
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Jochum
- Institute of Pathology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Claus Garbe
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Forchhammer
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Mangana
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Schürch
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Forschner
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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3
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Wang M, Fukushima S, Sheen YS, Ramelyte E, Pacheco NC, Shi C, Liu S, Banik I, Aquino JD, Acosta MS, Levesque M, Dummer R, Liau JY, Chu CY, Shain AH, Yeh I, Bastian BC. The genetic evolution of acral melanoma. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.18.562802. [PMID: 37904969 PMCID: PMC10614839 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.562802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Acral melanoma is an aggressive type of melanoma with unknown origins, arising on the sole, palm, or nail apparatus. It is the most common type of melanoma in individuals with dark skin and is notoriously challenging to treat. Our study examined exome sequencing data from 139 tissue samples, spanning different progression stages, collected from 37 patients. We found that 78.4% of the melanomas displayed one or more clustered copy number transitions with focal amplifications, recurring predominantly on chromosomes 5, 11, 12, and 22. These genomic "hailstorms" were typically shared across all progression stages within individual patients. Genetic alterations known to activate TERT also arose early. By contrast, mutations in the MAP-kinase pathway appeared later during progression, often leading to different tumor areas harboring non-overlapping driver mutations. We conclude that the evolutionary trajectories of acral melanomas substantially diverge from those of melanomas on sun-exposed skin, where MAP-kinase pathway activation initiates the neoplastic cascade followed by immortalization later. The punctuated formation of hailstorms, paired with early TERT activation, suggests a unique mutational mechanism underlying the origins of acral melanoma. Our findings highlight an essential role for telomerase, likely in re-stabilizing tumor genomes after hailstorms have initiated the tumors. The marked genetic heterogeneity, in particular of MAP-kinase pathway drivers, may partly explain the limited success of targeted and other therapies in treating this melanoma subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Satoshi Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yi-Shuan Sheen
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Egle Ramelyte
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noel Cruz Pacheco
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chenxu Shi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ishani Banik
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jamie D. Aquino
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jau-Yu Liau
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A. Hunter Shain
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this project
| | - Iwei Yeh
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this project
| | - Boris C. Bastian
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this project
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4
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Cerminara SE, Cheng P, Kostner L, Huber S, Kunz M, Maul JT, Böhm JS, Dettwiler CF, Geser A, Jakopović C, Stoffel LM, Peter JK, Levesque M, Navarini AA, Maul LV. Diagnostic performance of augmented intelligence with 2D and 3D total body photography and convolutional neural networks in a high-risk population for melanoma under real-world conditions: A new era of skin cancer screening? Eur J Cancer 2023; 190:112954. [PMID: 37453242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.112954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have outperformed dermatologists in classifying pigmented skin lesions under artificial conditions. We investigated, for the first time, the performance of three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) CNNs and dermatologists in the early detection of melanoma in a real-world setting. METHODS In this prospective study, 1690 melanocytic lesions in 143 patients with high-risk criteria for melanoma were evaluated by dermatologists, 2D-FotoFinder-ATBM and 3D-Vectra WB360 total body photography (TBP). Excision was based on the dermatologists' dichotomous decision, an elevated CNN risk score (study-specific malignancy cut-off: FotoFinder >0.5, Vectra >5.0) and/or the second dermatologist's assessment with CNN support. The diagnostic accuracy of the 2D and 3D CNN classification was compared with that of the dermatologists and the augmented intelligence based on histopathology and dermatologists' assessment. Secondary end-points included reproducibility of risk scores and naevus counts per patient by medical staff (gold standard) compared to automated 3D and 2D TBP CNN counts. RESULTS The sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristics area under the curve (ROC-AUC) for risk-score-assessments compared to histopathology of 3D-CNN with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 90.0%, 64.6% and 0.92 (CI 0.85-1.00), respectively. While dermatologists and augmented intelligence achieved the same sensitivity (90%) and comparable classification ROC-AUC (0.91 [CI 0.80-1.00], 0.88 [CI 0.77-1.00]) with 3D-CNN, their specificity was superior (92.3% and 86.2%, respectively). The 2D-CNN (sensitivity: 70%, specificity: 40%, ROC-AUC: 0.68 [CI 0.46-0.90]) was outperformed by 3D CNN and dermatologists. The 3D-CNN showed a higher correlation coefficient for repeated measurements of 246 lesions (R = 0.89) than the 2D-CNN (R = 0.79). The mean naevus count per patient varied significantly (gold standard: 210 lesions; 3D-CNN: 469; 2D-CNN: 1324; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our study emphasises the importance of validating the classification of CNNs in real life. The novel 3D-CNN device outperformed the 2D-CNN and achieved comparable sensitivity with dermatologists. The low specificity of CNNs and the lack of automated counting of TBP nevi currently limit the use of augmented intelligence in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Cerminara
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Phil Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Kostner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Huber
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia-Tatjana Maul
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jette S Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chiara F Dettwiler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Geser
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Jakopović
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Livia M Stoffel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jelissa K Peter
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lara Valeska Maul
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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5
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Eichhoff OM, Stoffel CI, Käsler J, Briker L, Turko P, Karsai G, Zila N, Paulitschke V, Cheng PF, Leitner A, Bileck A, Zamboni N, Irmisch A, Balazs Z, Tastanova A, Pascoal S, Johansen P, Wegmann R, Mena J, Othman A, Viswanathan VS, Wenzina J, Aloia A, Saltari A, Dzung A, Aebersold R, Ak M, Al-Quaddoomi FS, Albert SI, Albinus J, Alborelli I, Andani S, Attinger PO, Bacac M, Baumhoer D, Beck-Schimmer B, Beerenwinkel N, Beisel C, Bernasconi L, Bertolini A, Bodenmiller B, Bonilla X, Bosshard L, Calgua B, Casanova R, Chevrier S, Chicherova N, Coelho R, D'Costa M, Danenberg E, Davidson N, Drãgan MA, Dummer R, Engler S, Erkens M, Eschbach K, Esposito C, Fedier A, Ferreira P, Ficek J, Frei AL, Frey B, Goetze S, Grob L, Gut G, Günther D, Haberecker M, Haeuptle P, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, Herter S, Holtackers R, Huesser T, Immer A, Irmisch A, Jacob F, Jacobs A, Jaeger TM, Jahn K, James AR, Jermann PM, Kahles A, Kahraman A, Koelzer VH, Kuebler W, Kuipers J, Kunze CP, Kurzeder C, Lehmann KV, Levesque M, Lischetti U, Lugert S, Maass G, Manz MG, Markolin P, Mehnert M, Mena J, Metzler JM, Miglino N, Milani ES, Moch H, Muenst S, Murri R, Ng CK, Nicolet S, Nowak M, Lopez MN, Pedrioli PG, Pelkmans L, Piscuoglio S, Prummer M, Rimmer N, Ritter M, Rommel C, Rosano-González ML, Rätsch G, Santacroce N, Del Castillo JS, Schlenker R, Schwalie PC, Schwan S, Schär T, Senti G, Shao W, Singer F, Sivapatham S, Snijder B, Sobottka B, Sreedharan VT, Stark S, Stekhoven DJ, Tanna T, Theocharides AP, Thomas TM, Tolnay M, Tosevski V, Toussaint NC, Tuncel MA, Tusup M, Van Drogen A, Vetter M, Vlajnic T, Weber S, Weber WP, Wegmann R, Weller M, Wendt F, Wey N, Wicki A, Wildschut MH, Wollscheid B, Yu S, Ziegler J, Zimmermann M, Zoche M, Zuend G, Krauthammer M, Schreiber SL, Hornemann T, Distel M, Snijder B, Dummer R, Levesque MP. ROS Induction Targets Persister Cancer Cells with Low Metabolic Activity in NRAS-Mutated Melanoma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1128-1146. [PMID: 36946761 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Clinical management of melanomas with NRAS mutations is challenging. Targeting MAPK signaling is only beneficial to a small subset of patients due to resistance that arises through genetic, transcriptional, and metabolic adaptation. Identification of targetable vulnerabilities in NRAS-mutated melanoma could help improve patient treatment. Here, we used multiomics analyses to reveal that NRAS-mutated melanoma cells adopt a mesenchymal phenotype with a quiescent metabolic program to resist cellular stress induced by MEK inhibition. The metabolic alterations elevated baseline reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, leading these cells to become highly sensitive to ROS induction. In vivo xenograft experiments and single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated that intratumor heterogeneity necessitates the combination of a ROS inducer and a MEK inhibitor to inhibit both tumor growth and metastasis. Ex vivo pharmacoscopy of 62 human metastatic melanomas confirmed that MEK inhibitor-resistant tumors significantly benefited from the combination therapy. Finally, oxidative stress response and translational suppression corresponded with ROS-inducer sensitivity in 486 cancer cell lines, independent of cancer type. These findings link transcriptional plasticity to a metabolic phenotype that can be inhibited by ROS inducers in melanoma and other cancers. SIGNIFICANCE Metabolic reprogramming in drug-resistant NRAS-mutated melanoma cells confers sensitivity to ROS induction, which suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in combination with MAPK pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossia M Eichhoff
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corinne I Stoffel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Käsler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luzia Briker
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Turko
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gergely Karsai
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Zila
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Paulitschke
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrea Bileck
- Joint Metabolome Facility, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Irmisch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zsolt Balazs
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Biomedical Informatics, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aizhan Tastanova
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susana Pascoal
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pål Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rebekka Wegmann
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julien Mena
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alaa Othman
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Judith Wenzina
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Aloia
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annalisa Saltari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Dzung
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Krauthammer
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Biomedical Informatics, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Distel
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Berend Snijder
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Amaro A, Reggiani F, Fenoglio D, Gangemi R, Tosi A, Parodi A, Banelli B, Rigo V, Mastracci L, Grillo F, Cereghetti A, Tastanova A, Ghosh A, Sallustio F, Emionite L, Daga A, Altosole T, Filaci G, Rosato A, Levesque M, Maio M, Pfeffer U, Croce M. Guadecitabine increases response to combined anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 treatment in mouse melanoma in vivo by controlling T-cells, myeloid derived suppressor and NK cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:67. [PMID: 36934257 PMCID: PMC10024396 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) blockade has dramatically improved the overall survival rate for malignant melanoma. Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) limit the tumor's immune escape yet only for approximately a third of all tumors and, in most cases, for a limited amount of time. Several approaches to overcome resistance to ICBs are being investigated among which the addition of epigenetic drugs that are expected to act on both immune and tumor cells. Guadecitabine, a dinucleotide prodrug of a decitabine linked via phosphodiester bond to a guanosine, showed promising results in the phase-1 clinical trial, NIBIT-M4 (NCT02608437). METHODS We used the syngeneic B16F10 murine melanoma model to study the effects of immune checkpoint blocking antibodies against CTLA-4 and PD-1 in combination, with and without the addition of Guadecitabine. We comprehensively characterized the tumor's and the host's responses under different treatments by flow cytometry, multiplex immunofluorescence and methylation analysis. RESULTS In combination with ICBs, Guadecitabine significantly reduced subcutaneous tumor growth as well as metastases formation compared to ICBs and Guadecitabine treatment. In particular, Guadecitabine greatly enhanced the efficacy of combined ICBs by increasing effector memory CD8+ T cells, inducing effector NK cells in the spleen and reducing tumor infiltrating regulatory T cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Guadecitabine in association with ICBs increased serum levels of IFN-γ and IFN-γ-induced chemokines with anti-angiogenic activity. Guadecitabine led to a general DNA-demethylation, in particular of sites of intermediate methylation levels. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate Guadecitabine as a promising epigenetic drug to be added to ICBs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Amaro
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Reggiani
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Fenoglio
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gangemi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Tosi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessia Parodi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Barbara Banelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Rigo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cereghetti
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aizhan Tastanova
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Sallustio
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Emionite
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Daga
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Tiziana Altosole
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Gilberto Filaci
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ulrich Pfeffer
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Michela Croce
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
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Briker L, Johnson M, Kamal A, Dummer R, Levesque M, Eichhoff O. Vertical inhibition of the MAPK pathway as potential treatment strategy in NRAS-mutant melanoma. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Eichhoff O, Stoffel C, Briker L, Turko P, Karsai G, Paulitschke V, Zamboni N, Balazs Z, Tastanova A, Wegmann R, Mena J, Viswanathan V, TuPro C, Krauthammer M, Schreiber S, Hornemann T, Distel M, Snijder B, Dummer R, Levesque M. ROS induction as a strategy to target persister cancer cell metabolism. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Beaton N, Treiber T, Juncker-Jensen A, Tan XX, Gomez JM, Levesque M, Vowinkel J. Abstract 3923: Ubiquitin ligases implicated as predictive biomarkers for poor outcome to immunotherapy in melanoma patients. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background From a medical standpoint, melanoma is considered the most serious form of skin cancer. Immunotherapy treatment regimes frequently target the PD1 pathway and can be highly effective. Despite successes some patients remain unresponsive and a better understanding of what underlies these non-responders could enable better patient treatment stratification and an overall higher positive response rate. Here using unbiased mass spectrometry (LC-MS) proteomics profiling, we sought to identify protein biomarker signatures in patients with metastatic melanoma that correlate with the patients’ intervention responses. Via this discovery-based approach we identify a panel of protein biomarkers that correlate with an improved treatment response and could serve as a panel for patient stratification prior to commencement of immunotherapy regimes.
Methods Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples were used for unbiased quantification of proteins using data-independent acquisition (DIA) LC-MS technology and Biognosys’ Spectronaut software. Patient samples were analyzed at the start of treatment (PD1 inhibitor) and classified as responders (n = 9) or non-responders (n = 15) at 3 months post-treatment. Significant protein expression changes between the two groups was determined by t-test (p < 0.01, log2 fold-change > 0.58) and further machine learning-assisted analysis was conducted. Additionally, patient’s tumor mutational burden (TMB) was analyzed.
Results Analysis of the FFPE samples from anti-PD1-treated metastatic melanoma patients resulted in the identification and quantification of more than 9,000 proteins in total with an average of nearly 8,000 proteins per sample. Stratification of the patients into responders and non-responders led to the identification of 103 proteins that are significantly up- or down-regulated between the groups. Interestingly, proteins associated with ubiquitination pathways were significantly enriched among the identified regulated proteins with 7 proteins having significantly lower abundance in responders when compared to non-responders including various members of the ubiquitin ligase family. Further, a proteomic signature was identified that characterizes the responder and non-responder groups.
Conclusions In this study we demonstrate the power of unbiased proteomic profiling for the characterization of melanoma patients and their responses to PD1-targeted immunotherapy. We identify a set of biomarkers associated with ubiquitination pathways that correlate with treatment outcome although these findings need to further be confirmed in orthogonal cohorts.
Citation Format: Nigel Beaton, Tobias Treiber, Anna Juncker-Jensen, Xin-Xing Tan, Julia Martinez Gomez, Mitchell Levesque, Jakob Vowinkel. Ubiquitin ligases implicated as predictive biomarkers for poor outcome to immunotherapy in melanoma patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3923.
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Ivanovska A, Mancuso P, Hennessy C, McLoughlin S, Reilly J, Raman S, Dooley C, Ritter T, Ryan A, Kamath R, Levesque M, van Riet D, Barry F, Murphy M. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: TRANSCRIPTOME PROFILE OF RETRIEVED MESENCHYMAL STEM/STROMAL CELLS IN A COLLAGENASE INDUCED MURINE OSTEOARTHRITIS MODEL. Cytotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-3249(22)00233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Mitamura Y, Schulz D, Oro S, Li N, Kolm I, Lang C, Ziadlou R, Tan G, Bodenmiller B, Steiger P, Marzano A, Prost N, Caudin O, Levesque M, Stoffel C, Schmid‐Grendelmeier P, Maverakis E, Akdis CA, Brüggen M. Cutaneous and systemic hyperinflammation drives maculopapular drug exanthema in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Allergy 2022; 77:595-608. [PMID: 34157151 PMCID: PMC8441838 DOI: 10.1111/all.14983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) has been associated with cutaneous findings, some being the result of drug hypersensitivity reactions such as maculopapular drug rashes (MDR). The aim of this study was to investigate whether COVID‐19 may impact the development of the MDR. Methods Blood and skin samples from COVID‐19 patients (based on a positive nasopharyngeal PCR) suffering from MDR (COVID‐MDR), healthy controls, non‐COVID‐19—related patients with drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), and MDR were analyzed. We utilized imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to characterize the cellular infiltrate in skin biopsies. Furthermore, RNA sequencing transcriptome of skin biopsy samples and high‐throughput multiplexed proteomic profiling of serum were performed. Results IMC revealed by clustering analyses a more prominent, phenotypically shifted cytotoxic CD8+ T cell population and highly activated monocyte/macrophage (Mo/Mac) clusters in COVID‐MDR. The RNA sequencing transcriptome demonstrated a more robust cytotoxic response in COVID‐MDR skin. However, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was not detected in skin biopsies at the time point of MDR diagnosis. Serum proteomic profiling of COVID‐MDR patients revealed upregulation of various inflammatory mediators (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, TNF, and IFN‐γ), eosinophil and Mo/Mac ‐attracting chemokines (MCP‐2, MCP‐3, MCP‐4 and CCL11). Proteomics analyses demonstrated a massive systemic cytokine storm in COVID‐MDR compared with the relatively milder cytokine storm observed in DRESS, while MDR did not exhibit such features. Conclusion A systemic cytokine storm may promote activation of Mo/Mac and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in severe COVID‐19 patients, which in turn may impact the development of MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Schulz
- Institute for Molecular Health SciencesETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Saskia Oro
- Department of Dermatology Henri Mondor Hospital Paris France
| | - Nick Li
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Isabel Kolm
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Claudia Lang
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Reihane Ziadlou
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ge Tan
- Swiss Institute for Allergy Research (SIAF) Davos Davos Switzerland
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Institute for Molecular Health SciencesETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Peter Steiger
- Faculty of Medicine University Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Angelo Marzano
- Dermatology Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Nicolas Prost
- Department of Dermatology Henri Mondor Hospital Paris France
| | - Olivier Caudin
- Department of Dermatology Henri Mondor Hospital Paris France
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Corinne Stoffel
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Peter Schmid‐Grendelmeier
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology University of California, Davis Sacramento CA USA
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute for Allergy Research (SIAF) Davos Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
| | - Marie‐Charlotte Brüggen
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
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Haake M, Schäfer T, Haack B, Vashist N, Genßler S, Harter P, Martens A, Wistuba-Hamprecht K, Wedekink F, Fischer B, Mittelbronn M, Levesque M, Cheng P, Dummer R, Weide B, Klar K, Leo E, Nimmerjahn F, Schuberth-Wagner C, Wischhusen J. 568 Tumor-derived GDF-15 prevents therapy success of checkpoint inhibitors by blocking T-lymphocyte recruitment. J Immunother Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) can achieve durable responses in a subgroup of patients with metastatic cancer, only. Poor immune effector cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment is a major obstacle to successful therapy. Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a divergent member of the TGF-β superfamily and has been linked to feto-maternal tolerance, anorexia but recently also to potent local immunosuppression under physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions. GDF-15 is overexpressed in a wide variety of tumors and may be key factor produced by tumors to prevent effective immune cell infiltration into the tumor and to potently block checkpoint inhibitor activity.MethodsEffects of recombinant GDF-15 and a proprietary GDF-15 neutralizing antibody (CTL-002) on immune cell trafficking and activation were analyzed by adhesion and interaction assays and in melanoma-bearing humanized mouse models. The impact of GDF-15 overexpression was tested in subcutaneously implanted, GDF-15-transgenic MC38 cells. Additionally, patient GDF-15 serum levels were correlated with immune infiltration and OS in cutaneous melanoma. Associations between GDF-15 serum levels, response to PD-1-based ICB and corresponding OS were assessed in two independent cohorts of melanoma patients.ResultsGDF-15 impairs adhesion of T and NK cells on activated endothelia. In HV18-MK bearing humanized mice, inhibition of GDF-15 strongly enhances infiltration of activated myeloid and lymphoid cells. In MC38 tumors, GDF-15 overexpression can abrogate tumor rejection upon anti-PD-1 therapy. 50% of the mice with GDF-15 overexpressing tumors were, however, rescued when anti-PD-1 was combined with anti-GDF-15 (CTL-002). Likewise, anti-GDF-15 improved responses to anti-CD40 + poly(I:C) in the same tumor model. Clinically, inverse correlations of GDF-15 levels with CD8+ T cell infiltration were shown for melanoma brain metastases. In two independent melanoma patient cohorts, low baseline serum GDF-15 levels predicted clinical response to anti-PD1 treatment and superior OS. Bivariate analysis including LDH indicates that GDF-15 is an independently predictor for poor survival in anti-PD-1 treated melanoma patients.ConclusionsTumor-derived GDF-15 blocks the infiltration of immune effector cells into tumor tissues. Neutralizing GDF-15 with CTL-002 restores the ability of immune cells to extravasate blood vessels and enter the tumor microenvironment in vivo. GDF-15 thus represents a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Antibodies against GDF-15 may support treatments with anti-PD-1 and other immunotherapeutic agents. A clinical trial combining anti-GDF-15 (CTL002) with anti-PD-1 (NCT04725474, submitted Abstract ID 15073) is ongoing.Ethics ApprovalUse of patient samples for this study had been approved by the institutional ethics committee Tübingen (ethic vote 125/2015BO2). Use of surplus sera collected in the University of Zurich Hospital (USZ) Biobank during routine blood draws from consenting metastatic melanoma patients was performed according to IRB approval (KEK.Zh- 647/800) and followed the Declaration of Helsinki on Human Rights.ConsentAll patients had given written informed consent to have clinical data recorded by the Central Malignant Melanoma Registry (CMMR) database.
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Katkeviciute E, Hering L, Montalban-Arques A, Busenhart P, Schwarzfischer M, Manzini R, Conde J, Atrott K, Lang S, Rogler G, Naschberger E, Schellerer VS, Stürzl M, Rickenbacher A, Turina M, Weber A, Leibl S, Leventhal GE, Levesque M, Boyman O, Scharl M, Spalinger MR. Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 controls colorectal cancer development. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140281. [PMID: 33001862 DOI: 10.1172/jci140281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2) recently emerged as a promising cancer immunotherapy target. We set out to investigate the functional role of PTPN2 in the pathogenesis of human colorectal carcinoma (CRC), as its role in immune-silent solid tumors is poorly understood. We demonstrate that in human CRC, increased PTPN2 expression and activity correlated with disease progression and decreased immune responses in tumor tissues. In particular, stage II and III tumors displayed enhanced PTPN2 protein expression in tumor-infiltrating T cells, and increased PTPN2 levels negatively correlated with expression of PD-1, CTLA4, STAT1, and granzyme A. In vivo, T cell- and DC-specific PTPN2 deletion reduced tumor burden in several CRC models by promoting CD44+ effector/memory T cells, as well as CD8+ T cell infiltration and cytotoxicity in the tumor. In direct relevance to CRC treatment, T cell-specific PTPN2 deletion potentiated anti-PD-1 efficacy and induced antitumor memory formation upon tumor rechallenge in vivo. Our data suggest a role for PTPN2 in suppressing antitumor immunity and promoting tumor development in patients with CRC. Our in vivo results identify PTPN2 as a key player in controlling the immunogenicity of CRC, with the strong potential to be exploited for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Katkeviciute
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | - Larissa Hering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | | | - Philipp Busenhart
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | | | - Roberto Manzini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | - Javier Conde
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Vera S Schellerer
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Leibl
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel E Leventhal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Burgermeister S, Hubert G, Basler L, Hogan S, Pavic M, Bogowicz M, Vuong D, Tanadini-Lang S, Förster R, Huellner M, Dummer R, Levesque M, Guckenberger M. PO-1409 Imaging and blood biomarkers in metastatic melanoma patients treated with immunotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Dilshat R, Fock V, Kenny C, Gerritsen I, Lasseur RMJ, Travnickova J, Eichhoff OM, Cerny P, Möller K, Sigurbjörnsdóttir S, Kirty K, Einarsdottir BÓ, Cheng PF, Levesque M, Cornell RA, Patton EE, Larue L, de Tayrac M, Magnúsdóttir E, Ögmundsdóttir MH, Steingrimsson E. MITF reprograms the extracellular matrix and focal adhesion in melanoma. eLife 2021; 10:63093. [PMID: 33438577 PMCID: PMC7857731 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a critical regulator of melanocyte development and differentiation. It also plays an important role in melanoma where it has been described as a molecular rheostat that, depending on activity levels, allows reversible switching between different cellular states. Here, we show that MITF directly represses the expression of genes associated with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and focal adhesion pathways in human melanoma cells as well as of regulators of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) such as CDH2, thus affecting cell morphology and cell-matrix interactions. Importantly, we show that these effects of MITF are reversible, as expected from the rheostat model. The number of focal adhesion points increased upon MITF knockdown, a feature observed in drug-resistant melanomas. Cells lacking MITF are similar to the cells of minimal residual disease observed in both human and zebrafish melanomas. Our results suggest that MITF plays a critical role as a repressor of gene expression and is actively involved in shaping the microenvironment of melanoma cells in a cell-autonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramile Dilshat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Valerie Fock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Colin Kenny
- Department of Anatomy and Cell biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Ilse Gerritsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Romain Maurice Jacques Lasseur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jana Travnickova
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ossia M Eichhoff
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Cerny
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Katrin Möller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sara Sigurbjörnsdóttir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kritika Kirty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Berglind Ósk Einarsdottir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert A Cornell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - Marie de Tayrac
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France.,Univ Rennes1, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes), Rennes, France
| | - Erna Magnúsdóttir
- Department of Anatomy, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Margrét Helga Ögmundsdóttir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eirikur Steingrimsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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16
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Kaufmann C, Kempf W, Mangana J, Cheng P, Emberger M, Lang R, Kaiser AK, Lattmann E, Levesque M, Dummer R, Koelblinger P. The role of cyclin D1 and Ki-67 in the development and prognostication of thin melanoma. Histopathology 2020; 77:460-470. [PMID: 32374893 PMCID: PMC7540531 DOI: 10.1111/his.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Despite their low individual metastatic potential, thin melanomas (≤1 mm Breslow thickness) contribute significantly to melanoma mortality overall. Therefore, identification of prognostic biomarkers is particularly important in this subgroup of melanoma. Prompted by preclinical results, we investigated cyclin D1 protein and Ki-67 expression in in-situ, metastatic and non-metastatic thin melanomas. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemistry was performed on 112 melanoma specimens, comprising 22 in situ, 48 non-metastatic and 42 metastatic thin melanomas. Overall, epidermal and dermal cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expression were semiquantitatively evaluated by three independent investigators and compared between groups. Epidermal Ki-67 expression did not differ statistically in in-situ and invasive melanoma (P = 0.7). Epidermal cyclin D1 expression was significantly higher in thin invasive than in in-situ melanoma (P = 0.003). No difference was found in cyclin D1 expression between metastatic and non-metastatic invasive tumours. Metastatic and non-metastatic thin melanomas did not show significant differences in epidermal expression of Ki-67 and cyclin D1 (P = 0.148 and P = 0.611, respectively). In contrast, strong dermal expression of Ki-67 was more frequent in metastatic than non-metastatic samples (28.6 versus 8.3%, respectively, P = 0.001). The prognostic value of dermal Ki-67 expression was confirmed by multivariate analysis (P = 0.047). CONCLUSION We found an increased expression of cyclin D1 in invasive thin melanomas compared to in-situ melanomas, which supports a potential role of this protein in early invasion in melanoma, as suggested by preclinical findings. Moreover, our results confirm that high dermal Ki-67 expression is associated with an increased risk of development of metastasis in thin melanoma and could possibly serve as a prognostic biomarker in clinical practice, especially if combined with additional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Kaufmann
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Werner Kempf
- Kempf and Pfaltz Histological DiagnosticsZurichSwitzerland
| | - Joanna Mangana
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Phil Cheng
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Roland Lang
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Andreas K Kaiser
- Department of Clinical PsychologyChristian‐Doppler‐KlinikParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | | | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Peter Koelblinger
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
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Rabbie R, Ansari-Pour N, Cast O, Lau D, Scott F, Welsh SJ, Parkinson C, Khoja L, Moore L, Tullett M, Wong K, Ferreira I, Gómez JMM, Levesque M, Gallagher FA, Jiménez-Sánchez A, Riva L, Miller ML, Allinson K, Campbell PJ, Corrie P, Wedge DC, Adams DJ. Multi-site clonality analysis uncovers pervasive heterogeneity across melanoma metastases. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4306. [PMID: 32855398 PMCID: PMC7453196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma carries a poor prognosis despite modern systemic therapies. Understanding the evolution of the disease could help inform patient management. Through whole-genome sequencing of 13 melanoma metastases sampled at autopsy from a treatment naïve patient and by leveraging the analytical power of multi-sample analyses, we reveal evidence of diversification among metastatic lineages. UV-induced mutations dominate the trunk, whereas APOBEC-associated mutations are found in the branches of the evolutionary tree. Multi-sample analyses from a further seven patients confirmed that lineage diversification was pervasive, representing an important mode of melanoma dissemination. Our analyses demonstrate that joint analysis of cancer cell fraction estimates across multiple metastases can uncover previously unrecognised levels of tumour heterogeneity and highlight the limitations of inferring heterogeneity from a single biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Rabbie
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Naser Ansari-Pour
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver Cast
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Doreen Lau
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francis Scott
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah J Welsh
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christine Parkinson
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leila Khoja
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vincent Drive, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Luiza Moore
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Tullett
- St Richard's Hospital, Spitalfield Lane, Chichester, UK
| | - Kim Wong
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Ingrid Ferreira
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Julia M Martínez Gómez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University of Zurich Hospital, Gloriastrasse 31, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University of Zurich Hospital, Gloriastrasse 31, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alejandro Jiménez-Sánchez
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Riva
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Martin L Miller
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kieren Allinson
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Campbell
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Pippa Corrie
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Wedge
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK.
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18
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Sand J, Fenini G, Grossi S, Hennig P, Di Filippo M, Levesque M, Werner S, French LE, Beer HD. The NLRP1 Inflammasome Pathway Is Silenced in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1788-1797.e6. [PMID: 30738816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The inflammasome protein NLRP1 is an important innate immune sensor in human keratinocytes, and, together with ASC and caspase-1, it mediates the activation and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. These cytokines and inflammasomes can have partly opposing roles during tumorigenesis in mice. In contrast, ASC expression is impaired in different types of cancer in humans. In this study, we analyzed inflammasome activation and expression of inflammasome proteins, including their downstream cytokines, in squamous cell carcinomas, a type of nonmelanoma skin cancer derived from keratinocytes. We assessed mRNA and protein levels in human primary keratinocytes and skin carcinoma-derived SCC cell lines and detected a strong down-regulation of expression of NLRP1 inflammasome components, as well as reduced expression of the proinflammatory cytokines proIL-1β and proIL-1α. Protein levels of NLRP1, ASC, caspase-1, and proIL-1β were reduced in patient-derived SCC biopsy samples compared with healthy skin. Furthermore, the results suggest that expression of PYCARD (ASC), CASP1, IL1B, and NLRP1 is silenced by methylation in SCC cell lines. In conclusion, the down-regulation of the inflammasome pathway in SCCs might favor late tumor development in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sand
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Fenini
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Serena Grossi
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Hennig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michela Di Filippo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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19
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Watt FE, Corp N, Kingsbury SR, Frobell R, Englund M, Felson DT, Levesque M, Majumdar S, Wilson C, Beard DJ, Lohmander LS, Kraus VB, Roemer F, Conaghan PG, Mason DJ. Towards prevention of post-traumatic osteoarthritis: report from an international expert working group on considerations for the design and conduct of interventional studies following acute knee injury. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:23-33. [PMID: 30125638 PMCID: PMC6323612 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are few guidelines for clinical trials of interventions for prevention of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), reflecting challenges in this area. An international multi-disciplinary expert group including patients was convened to generate points to consider for the design and conduct of interventional studies following acute knee injury. DESIGN An evidence review on acute knee injury interventional studies to prevent PTOA was presented to the group, alongside overviews of challenges in this area, including potential targets, biomarkers and imaging. Working groups considered pre-identified key areas: eligibility criteria and outcomes, biomarkers, injury definition and intervention timing including multi-modality interventions. Consensus agreement within the group on points to consider was generated and is reported here after iterative review by all contributors. RESULTS The evidence review identified 37 studies. Study duration and outcomes varied widely and 70% examined surgical interventions. Considerations were grouped into three areas: justification of inclusion criteria including the classification of injury and participant age (as people over 35 may have pre-existing OA); careful consideration in the selection and timing of outcomes or biomarkers; definition of the intervention(s)/comparator(s) and the appropriate time-window for intervention (considerations may be particular to intervention type). Areas for further research included demonstrating the utility of patient-reported outcomes, biomarkers and imaging outcomes from ancillary/cohort studies in this area, and development of surrogate clinical trial endpoints that shorten the duration of clinical trials and are acceptable to regulatory agencies. CONCLUSIONS These considerations represent the first international consensus on the conduct of interventional studies following acute knee joint trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Watt
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom.
| | - N Corp
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK.
| | - S R Kingsbury
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK.
| | - R Frobell
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lund, Sweden.
| | - M Englund
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lund, Sweden.
| | - D T Felson
- Clinical Epidemiology Research & Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - M Levesque
- Immunology Development, Abbvie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - S Majumdar
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
| | - C Wilson
- Dept of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Health Board, Cardiff, UK.
| | - D J Beard
- Surgical Intervention Trials Unit (SITU), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculokeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - L S Lohmander
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lund, Sweden.
| | - V B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA.
| | - F Roemer
- Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - P G Conaghan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK.
| | - D J Mason
- Arthritis Research UK Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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20
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Clocchiatti A, Ghosh S, Procopio MG, Mazzeo L, Bordignon P, Ostano P, Goruppi S, Bottoni G, Katarkar A, Levesque M, Kölblinger P, Dummer R, Neel V, Özdemir BC, Dotto GP. Androgen receptor functions as transcriptional repressor of cancer-associated fibroblast activation. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5531-5548. [PMID: 30395538 DOI: 10.1172/jci99159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging-associated increase of cancer risk is linked with stromal fibroblast senescence and concomitant cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) activation. Surprisingly little is known about the role of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in this context. We have found downmodulated AR expression in dermal fibroblasts underlying premalignant skin cancer lesions (actinic keratoses and dysplastic nevi) as well as in CAFs from the 3 major skin cancer types, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), basal cell carcinomas, and melanomas. Functionally, decreased AR expression in primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) from multiple individuals induced early steps of CAF activation, and in an orthotopic skin cancer model, AR loss in HDFs enhanced tumorigenicity of SCC and melanoma cells. Forming a complex, AR converged with CSL/RBP-Jκ in transcriptional repression of key CAF effector genes. AR and CSL were positive determinants of each other's expression, with BET inhibitors, which counteract the effects of decreased CSL, restoring AR expression and activity in CAFs. Increased AR expression in these cells overcame the consequences of CSL loss and was by itself sufficient to block the growth and tumor-enhancing effects of CAFs on neighboring cancer cells. As such, the findings establish AR as a target for stroma-focused cancer chemoprevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Clocchiatti
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Soumitra Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Luigi Mazzeo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pino Bordignon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Edo and Elvo Tempia Valenta Foundation, Biella, Italy
| | - Sandro Goruppi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giulia Bottoni
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Atul Katarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kölblinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Victor Neel
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Berna C Özdemir
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.,International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.,International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
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21
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Rambow F, Rogiers A, Marin-Bejar O, Aibar S, Femel J, Dewaele M, Karras P, Brown D, Chang YH, Debiec-Rychter M, Adriaens C, Radaelli E, Wolter P, Bechter O, Dummer R, Levesque M, Piris A, Frederick DT, Boland G, Flaherty KT, van den Oord J, Voet T, Aerts S, Lund AW, Marine JC. Toward Minimal Residual Disease-Directed Therapy in Melanoma. Cell 2018; 174:843-855.e19. [PMID: 30017245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many patients with advanced cancers achieve dramatic responses to a panoply of therapeutics yet retain minimal residual disease (MRD), which ultimately results in relapse. To gain insights into the biology of MRD, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to malignant cells isolated from BRAF mutant patient-derived xenograft melanoma cohorts exposed to concurrent RAF/MEK-inhibition. We identified distinct drug-tolerant transcriptional states, varying combinations of which co-occurred within MRDs from PDXs and biopsies of patients on treatment. One of these exhibited a neural crest stem cell (NCSC) transcriptional program largely driven by the nuclear receptor RXRG. An RXR antagonist mitigated accumulation of NCSCs in MRD and delayed the development of resistance. These data identify NCSCs as key drivers of resistance and illustrate the therapeutic potential of MRD-directed therapy. They also highlight how gene regulatory network architecture reprogramming may be therapeutically exploited to limit cellular heterogeneity, a key driver of disease progression and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rambow
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aljosja Rogiers
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oskar Marin-Bejar
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Aibar
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julia Femel
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael Dewaele
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Panagiotis Karras
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Brown
- Laboratory of reproductive genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Maria Debiec-Rychter
- Laboratory for Genetics of Malignant Disorders, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Adriaens
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- Comparative Pathology Core, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pathobiology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pascal Wolter
- Department of General Medical Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oliver Bechter
- Department of General Medical Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Piris
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennie T Frederick
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Genevieve Boland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith T Flaherty
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joost van den Oord
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry Voet
- Laboratory of reproductive genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stein Aerts
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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22
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Aloia A, Kovacs W, Müllhaupt D, Flückiger-Mangual S, Irmisch A, Dummer R, Levesque M, Chabbert C, Krek W. PO-241 Targeting fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis to overcome drug resistance to MAPK inhibitors. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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23
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Diener J, Baggiolini A, Dalcher D, Tuncer E, Levesque M, Dummer R, Santoro R, Treier M, Sommer L. PO-160 Downregulation of the oncofetal gene SALL4 in melanoma leads to invasion and metastasis by differential acetylation mediated through binding to HDACs. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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24
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Czyż M, Toma M, Gajos-Michniewicz A, Majchrzak K, Hoser G, Szemraj J, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Cheng P, Gritsyuk D, Levesque M, Dummer R, Sliwinski T, Skorski T. PARP1 inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza) exerts synthetic lethal effect against ligase 4-deficient melanomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75551-75560. [PMID: 27705909 PMCID: PMC5342760 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer including melanoma may be ''addicted" to double strand break (DSB) repair and targeting this process could sensitize them to the lethal effect of DNA damage. PARP1 exerts an important impact on DSB repair as it binds to both single- and double- strand breaks. PARP1 inhibitors might be highly effective drugs triggering synthetic lethality in patients whose tumors have germline or somatic defects in DNA repair genes. We hypothesized that PARP1-dependent synthetic lethality could be induced in melanoma cells displaying downregulation of DSB repair genes. We observed that PARP1 inhibitor olaparib sensitized melanomas with reduced expression of DNA ligase 4 (LIG4) to an alkylatimg agent dacarbazine (DTIC) treatment in vitro, while normal melanocytes remained intact. PARP1 inhibition caused accumulation of DSBs, which was associated with apoptosis in LIG4 deficient melanoma cells. Our hypothesis that olaparib is synthetic lethal with LIG4 deficiency in melanoma cells was supported by selective anti-tumor effects of olaparib used either alone or in combination with dacarbazine (DTIC) in LIG4 deficient, but not LIG4 proficient cells. In addition, olaparib combined with DTIC inhibited the growth of LIG4 deficient human melanoma xenografts. This work for the first time demonstrates the effectiveness of a combination of PARP1 inhibitor olaparib and alkylating agent DTIC for treating LIG4 deficient melanomas. In addition, analysis of the TCGA and transcriptome microarray databases revealed numerous individual melanoma samples potentially displaying specific defects in DSB repair pathways, which may predispose them to synthetic lethality triggered by PARP1 inhibitor combined with a cytotoxic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Czyż
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Toma
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Gajos-Michniewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kinga Majchrzak
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Grazyna Hoser
- Department of Flow Cytometry, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Phil Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, and University of Zürich, CH-8952, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Gritsyuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, and University of Zürich, CH-8952, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, and University of Zürich, CH-8952, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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25
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Antsiferova M, Piwko-Czuchra A, Cangkrama M, Wietecha M, Sahin D, Birkner K, Amann VC, Levesque M, Hohl D, Dummer R, Werner S. Activin promotes skin carcinogenesis by attraction and reprogramming of macrophages. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:27-45. [PMID: 27932444 PMCID: PMC5210090 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin has emerged as an important player in different types of cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We show here that activin overexpression is an early event in murine and human skin tumorigenesis. This is functionally important, since activin promoted skin tumorigenesis in mice induced by the human papillomavirus 8 oncogenes. This was accompanied by depletion of epidermal γδ T cells and accumulation of regulatory T cells. Most importantly, activin increased the number of skin macrophages via attraction of blood monocytes, which was prevented by depletion of CCR2‐positive monocytes. Gene expression profiling of macrophages from pre‐tumorigenic skin and bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that activin induces a gene expression pattern in skin macrophages that resembles the phenotype of tumor‐associated macrophages in different malignancies, thereby promoting angiogenesis, cell migration and proteolysis. The functional relevance of this finding was demonstrated by antibody‐mediated depletion of macrophages, which strongly suppressed activin‐induced skin tumor formation. These results demonstrate that activin induces skin carcinogenesis via attraction and reprogramming of macrophages and identify novel activin targets involved in tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antsiferova
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael Cangkrama
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mateusz Wietecha
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dilara Sahin
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Birkner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie C Amann
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Hohl
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Jacquelot N, Roberti MP, Enot DP, Rusakiewicz S, Ternès N, Jegou S, Woods DM, Sodré AL, Hansen M, Meirow Y, Sade-Feldman M, Burra A, Kwek SS, Flament C, Messaoudene M, Duong CPM, Chen L, Kwon BS, Anderson AC, Kuchroo VK, Weide B, Aubin F, Borg C, Dalle S, Beatrix O, Ayyoub M, Balme B, Tomasic G, Di Giacomo AM, Maio M, Schadendorf D, Melero I, Dréno B, Khammari A, Dummer R, Levesque M, Koguchi Y, Fong L, Lotem M, Baniyash M, Schmidt H, Svane IM, Kroemer G, Marabelle A, Michiels S, Cavalcanti A, Smyth MJ, Weber JS, Eggermont AM, Zitvogel L. Predictors of responses to immune checkpoint blockade in advanced melanoma. Nat Commun 2017; 8:592. [PMID: 28928380 PMCID: PMC5605517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) have become pivotal therapies in the clinical armamentarium against metastatic melanoma (MMel). Given the frequency of immune related adverse events and increasing use of ICB, predictors of response to CTLA-4 and/or PD-1 blockade represent unmet clinical needs. Using a systems biology-based approach to an assessment of 779 paired blood and tumor markers in 37 stage III MMel patients, we analyzed association between blood immune parameters and the functional immune reactivity of tumor-infiltrating cells after ex vivo exposure to ICB. Based on this assay, we retrospectively observed, in eight cohorts enrolling 190 MMel patients treated with ipilimumab, that PD-L1 expression on peripheral T cells was prognostic on overall and progression-free survival. Moreover, detectable CD137 on circulating CD8+ T cells was associated with the disease-free status of resected stage III MMel patients after adjuvant ipilimumab + nivolumab (but not nivolumab alone). These biomarkers should be validated in prospective trials in MMel.The clinical management of metastatic melanoma requires predictors of the response to checkpoint blockade. Here, the authors use immunological assays to identify potential prognostic/predictive biomarkers in circulating blood cells and in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from patients with resected stage III melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jacquelot
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.,University Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94 276, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - M P Roberti
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - D P Enot
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - S Rusakiewicz
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.,CIC1428, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - N Ternès
- University Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94 276, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.,Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Service de Biostatistique et d'Epidémiologie, Villejuif, F-94805, France
| | - S Jegou
- Saint Antoine Hospital, INSERM ERL 1157-CNRS UMR 7203, Paris, 75005, France
| | - D M Woods
- Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - A L Sodré
- Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - M Hansen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, DK-2730, Denmark
| | - Y Meirow
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, BioMedical Research institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - M Sade-Feldman
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, BioMedical Research institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - A Burra
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - S S Kwek
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - C Flament
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.,University Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94 276, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.,CIC1428, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - M Messaoudene
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - C P M Duong
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - L Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - B S Kwon
- Eutilex, Suite# 1401 Daeryung Technotown 17 Gasan Digital 1-ro 25, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08594, Korea.,Section of Clinical Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - A C Anderson
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - V K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - B Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - F Aubin
- Université de Franche Comté, EA3181, SFR4234, Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Besançon, 25000, France
| | - C Borg
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besancon, 3 Boulevard Alexander Fleming, Besancon, F-25030, France.,Clinical Investigational Centre, CIC-1431, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, 25030, France.,INSERM U1098, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, 25020, France
| | - S Dalle
- Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon and University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, 69000, France.,Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69000, France
| | - O Beatrix
- Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon and University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, 69000, France
| | - M Ayyoub
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - B Balme
- Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon and University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, 69000, France.,Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, 69000, France
| | - G Tomasic
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.,Department of Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - A M Di Giacomo
- Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy Division, University Hospital of Siena, Viale Bracci, 14, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - M Maio
- Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - D Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany & German Cancer Consortium (DKTZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - I Melero
- Division of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Centre for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.,Oncology Department, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.,Centro de Investigación cBiomedica en Red de Oncologia, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - B Dréno
- Department of Onco-dermatology, CIC Biotherapy, INSERM U1232, CHU Nantes, Nantes, 44000, France
| | - A Khammari
- Department of Onco-dermatology, CIC Biotherapy, INSERM U1232, CHU Nantes, Nantes, 44000, France
| | - R Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Zürich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - M Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Zürich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Y Koguchi
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - L Fong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - M Lotem
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - M Baniyash
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, BioMedical Research institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - H Schmidt
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, DK-8200, Denmark
| | - I M Svane
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, DK-2730, Denmark
| | - G Kroemer
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.,INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, 75006, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, 75006, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, 75015, France
| | - A Marabelle
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.,CIC1428, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - S Michiels
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.,Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Service de Biostatistique et d'Epidémiologie, Villejuif, F-94805, France
| | - A Cavalcanti
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.,Department of Surgery, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, 94800, France.,Department of Dermatology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - M J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - J S Weber
- Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - A M Eggermont
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - L Zitvogel
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France. .,University Paris-Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, 94 276, France. .,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France. .,CIC1428, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France. .,Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Service de Biostatistique et d'Epidémiologie, Villejuif, F-94805, France.
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Dhar S, Chiovaro F, Tanos T, Hejhal T, Heilemariam S, Kelm J, Irmisch A, Levesque M. Abstract 5781: Establishment of a 3D ex-vivo assay as a preclinical drug testing platform for personalized cancer therapy. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-5781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In vitro cell based drug testing tools have been widely used in drug discovery and early development to evaluate novel drug entities for further evaluation in preclinical in vivo models. However, a poor correspondence with in vivo models has compelled oncologists to pursue complementary in vitro strategies with better outcomes. Within this realm, a 3D ex vivo platform is being extensively used to evaluate the activity of cytotoxic drugs, targeted molecules, and antibodies. To increase the translational value of this model, maintenance of the tumor microenvironment (immune and other stromal cells) is highly pertinent. We have established a 3D ex vivo assay as a patient drug testing platform for personalized medicine therapies in collaboration with our clinical partners.
In this study we setup the protocols for obtaining single cell suspensions from biopsy and/or tumor resection samples from patients presenting with Urothelial cancers, Renal cell carcinoma, Pancreatic, NSCLC, Ovarian, and Melanomas to generate 3D microtumors in 96 well format cultured over a period of 7-15 days. The microtumors were monitored for growth characteristics, biomarker phenotype and drug activity profile. As expected the growth characteristics for each tumor varied, corresponding very well with clinical disease progression. Subsequently, these microtumors were assessed using a standard clinical immunohistochemistry diagnostics approach to evaluate disease specific biomarkers and were compared to the clinical diagnostics profile of the patients. The biomarker profile from 3D derived tumor samples showed concordance with the patient diagnostics profile. In the instances were clinical information and treatment regimens were available, the microtumors were tested and followed with single and pairwise drug treatments. The ex vivo 3D treatment outcome clearly reflected the clinical outcome. Currently, this platform is being used to develop 3D ex vivo immune-competent models to study immunomodulatory therapies. Based on the overall data we conclude that the 3D ex vivo assay system offers a highly pertinent platform to perform chemosensitivity testing providing predictive information on the clinical outcome, which enables oncologists to redefine individualized chemo/targeted treatments.
Citation Format: Sumeer Dhar, Francesca Chiovaro, Tamara Tanos, Tomas Hejhal, Seife Heilemariam, Jens Kelm, Anja Irmisch, Mitchell Levesque. Establishment of a 3D ex-vivo assay as a preclinical drug testing platform for personalized cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5781. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5781
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Amaral T, Sinnberg T, Meier F, Krepler C, Levesque M, Niessner H, Garbe C. MAPK pathway in melanoma part II—secondary and adaptive resistance mechanisms to BRAF inhibition. Eur J Cancer 2017; 73:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Behera R, Kaur A, Webster MR, Kim S, Ndoye A, Kugel CH, Alicea GM, Wang J, Ghosh K, Cheng P, Lisanti S, Marchbank K, Dang V, Levesque M, Dummer R, Xu X, Herlyn M, Aplin AE, Roesch A, Caino C, Altieri DC, Weeraratna AT. Inhibition of Age-Related Therapy Resistance in Melanoma by Rosiglitazone-Mediated Induction of Klotho. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3181-3190. [PMID: 28232477 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Aging is a poor prognostic factor for melanoma. We have shown that melanoma cells in an aged microenvironment are more resistant to targeted therapy than identical cells in a young microenvironment. This is dependent on age-related secreted factors. Klotho is an age-related protein whose serum levels decrease dramatically by age 40. Most studies on klotho in cancer have focused on the expression of klotho in the tumor cell. We have shown that exogenous klotho inhibits internalization and signaling of Wnt5A, which drives melanoma metastasis and resistance to targeted therapy. We investigate here whether increasing klotho in the aged microenvironment could be an effective strategy for the treatment of melanoma.Experimental Design: PPARγ increases klotho levels and is increased by glitazones. Using rosiglitazone, we queried the effects of rosiglitazone on Klotho/Wnt5A cross-talk, in vitro and in vivo, and the implications of that for targeted therapy in young versus aged animals.Results: We show that rosiglitazone increases klotho and decreases Wnt5A in tumor cells, reducing the burden of both BRAF inhibitor-sensitive and BRAF inhibitor-resistant tumors in aged, but not young mice. However, when used in combination with PLX4720, tumor burden was reduced in both young and aged mice, even in resistant tumors.Conclusions: Using glitazones as adjuvant therapy for melanoma may provide a new treatment strategy for older melanoma patients who have developed resistance to vemurafenib. As klotho has been shown to play a role in other cancers too, our results may have wide relevance for multiple tumor types. Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 3181-90. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeti Behera
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Suyeon Kim
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Abibatou Ndoye
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Gretchen M Alicea
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua Wang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kanad Ghosh
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Phil Cheng
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Vanessa Dang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Andrew E Aplin
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander Roesch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University Duesburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Amaral T, Sinnberg T, Meier F, Krepler C, Levesque M, Niessner H, Garbe C. The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in melanoma part I - Activation and primary resistance mechanisms to BRAF inhibition. Eur J Cancer 2017; 73:85-92. [PMID: 28169047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has an important role in normal cells and can be activated under physiological conditions. MAPK pathway activation is a fundamental step in several intracellular processes requiring a sequential phosphorylation of the different pathway components. In normal cells, when MAPK pathway activation occurs, it leads to cell growth and differentiation. In order to prevent persistent MAPK pathway activation, physiological upstream negative feedback also takes place. In cells harbouring BRAFV600 mutations, the process leading to MAPK pathway activation is different, and the negative physiological feedback does not exist thus leading to permanent MAPK pathway activation, which ultimately can lead to uncontrolled proliferation. Targeted therapy with rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma - B (BRAF) and/or mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors is indicated in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring BRAFV600 mutations. However, several different resistance mechanisms to this therapy were identified. In this review, we focus on primary or intrinsic resistance mechanisms to BRAF and MEK inhibition. In this setting, although a BRAF mutation is identified, there is no response to treatment with either BRAF or MEK inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Amaral
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Portuguese Air Force Health Direction, Paço do Lumiar, 1649-020 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friedegund Meier
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74D, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Clemens Krepler
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- University of Zürich Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Wagistrasse 14, CH-8952 Schlieren, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Heike Niessner
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Goldinger SM, Courtier A, Jaberg-Bentele NF, Schindler S, Manuel M, Plantier N, Treillard B, Noel M, Nguyen-Kim TDL, Raaijmakers MIG, Kvistborg P, Haanen JBAG, Dummer R, Levesque M. The peripheral blood TCR repertoire to facilitate patient stratification for immune checkpoint blockade inhibition in metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Manuarii Manuel
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052 CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pia Kvistborg
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Del Prete V, Chaloupka K, Holzmann D, Fink D, Levesque M, Dummer R, Goldinger SM. Noncutaneous Melanomas: A Single-Center Analysis. Dermatology 2015; 232:22-9. [PMID: 26618350 DOI: 10.1159/000441444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal treatment algorithm for noncutaneous melanomas must yet be established. OBJECTIVE To compare systemic treatment-relevant mutational status, metastatic pattern and response to systemic treatment in noncutaneous melanoma. METHODS Retrospective single-center study analyzing 64 noncutaneous melanoma patients treated between January 2006 and September 2013. RESULTS c-KIT mutations were found exclusively in vulvovaginal melanoma (4/7). Overall status for NRAS and BRAF mutations was low (1/7 and 0/21 detected mutations, respectively). Seven out of 7 vulvovaginal and 6/13 sinonasal melanomas first metastasized to lymph nodes, whereas 18/22 ocular melanomas first metastasized to the liver. Response to systemic treatment in vulvovaginal melanomas was best for imatinib with a disease control rate of 3/3 and overall for ipilimumab with a disease control rate of 3/10. Sorafenib was associated with adverse drug reactions (6/13) and poor results. CONCLUSION Noncutaneous melanomas show few tumor-signaling pathway mutations and distinct metastasization patterns. Immunotherapy induces response rates in mucosal melanoma similar to those in cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Del Prete
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Park JT, Johnson N, Liu S, Levesque M, Wang YJ, Ho H, Huso D, Maitra A, Parsons MJ, Prescott JD, Leach SD. Differential in vivo tumorigenicity of diverse KRAS mutations in vertebrate pancreas: A comprehensive survey. Oncogene 2014; 34:2801-6. [PMID: 25065594 PMCID: PMC4836617 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Somatic activation of the KRAS proto-oncogene is evident in almost all pancreatic cancers, and appears to represent an initiating event. These mutations occur primarily at codon 12 and less frequently at codons 13 and 61. While some studies have suggested that different KRAS mutations may have variable oncogenic properties, to date there has been no comprehensive functional comparison of multiple KRAS mutations in an in vivo vertebrate tumorigenesis system. We generated a Gal4/UAS-based zebrafish model of pancreatic tumorigenesis in which the pancreatic expression of UAS-regulated oncogenes is driven by a ptf1a:Gal4-VP16 driver line. This system allowed us to rapidly compare the ability of 12 different KRAS mutations (G12A, G12C, G12D, G12F, G12R, G12S, G12V, G13C, G13D, Q61L, Q61R, and A146T) to drive pancreatic tumorigenesis in vivo. Among fish injected with one of five KRAS mutations reported in other tumor types but not in human pancreatic cancer, 2/79 (0.25%) developed pancreatic tumors, with both tumors arising in fish injected with A146T. In contrast, among fish injected with one of seven KRAS mutations known to occur in human pancreatic cancer, 22/106 (20.8%) developed pancreatic cancer. All eight tumorigenic KRAS mutations were associated with downstream MAPK/ERK pathway activation in preneoplastic pancreatic epithelium, while non-tumorigenic mutations were not. These results suggest that the spectrum of KRAS mutations observed in human pancreatic cancer reflects selection based upon variable tumorigenic capacities, including the ability to activate MAPK/ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Park
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Johnson
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Liu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Levesque
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Y J Wang
- Graduate Program in Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H Ho
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D Huso
- Department of Molecular & Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Maitra
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M J Parsons
- 1] Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Graduate Program in Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA [3] Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J D Prescott
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S D Leach
- 1] Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Graduate Program in Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA [3] Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
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McMahon M, Das Thakur M, Marsh V, Silva J, Landman A, Deuker M, Salangsang F, Pryer N, Phillips W, Levesque M, Dummer R, Bosenberg M, Sellers WR, Stuart D. Abstract SY17-03: Targeting BRAF and PI3′-kinase signaling for therapy of melanoma. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-sy17-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mutational activation of BRAF is the most prevalent genetic alteration in human melanoma, with greater than 50% of tumors expressing the BRAF(V600E) oncoprotein. BRAF(V600E) is a constitutively active protein kinase that promotes sustained activation of BRAF→MEK→ERK signaling in the melanoma cell. Importantly, the marked tumor regression and improved survival of late-stage BRAF-mutated melanoma patients in response to treatment with vemurafenib demonstrates the essential role of oncogenic BRAF(V600E) in melanoma maintenance. However, since most patients relapse with lethal vemurafenib resistant disease, understanding and preventing mechanism(s) of drug resistance will be critical to extending the durability of patients' responses.
Although mutational activation of BRAF is often the initiating event, progression of BRAF mutated melanomas is frequently associated with silencing of the PTEN tumor suppressor, a negative regulator of PI3′-kinase signaling. Whilst PTEN silencing is common in human melanoma, mutational activation of PIK3CA (encoding the alpha catalytic subunit of PI3′-kinase) is extremely rare, even though PIK3CA mutations are common in other human cancers. Since PTEN is reported to have tumor suppressor functions independent of its PI3′-lipid phosphatase activity, PTEN silencing may have more profound tumor promoting activity than mutational activation of PIK3CA. To test this, we generated mice carrying a conditional knock-in allele of Pik3ca that permits Cre-induced expression of PIK3CA(H1047R), a mutationally activated form of PIK3CA detected in many cancer types. Expression of PIK3CA(H0147R) in melanocytes elicited no obvious phenotype, consistent with the absence of phenotype in PTEN(Null) melanocytes. As observed previously, melanocyte-specific expression of BRAF(V600E) combined with PTEN silencing led to metastatic melanoma. Interestingly, metastatic melanoma also arose from melanocytes expressing both BRAF(V600E) and PIK3CA(H1047R), although these tumors grew more slowly than their BRAF(V600E)/PTEN(Null) counterparts. Both BRAF(V600E)/PTEN(Null) and BRAF(V600E)/PIK3CA(H1047R) melanomas were sensitive to the tumor prevention effects of pharmacological blockade of class 1 PI3′-kinases. However, the clinically relevant subset of BRAF(V600E)/PTEN(Null) melanoma was resistant to pharmacological blockade of AKT. Using genetically engineered mouse models and melanoma-derived cell lines, we demonstrate cooperative anti-tumor effects of combining RAF and PI3′-kinase inhibitors, suggesting that combined pathway-targeted chemotherapy may maximize melanoma patients' therapeutic response while delaying the onset of lethal drug resistant disease.
Using patient derived xenografts propagated in immunocompromised mice we explored the cause and consequences of drug resistance, which was selected by continuous vemurafenib administration. As observed previously, resistant tumors displayed continued dependence on BRAF(V600E)→MEK→ERK signaling due to elevated BRAF(V600E) expression. However, remarkably, we observed that vemurafenib-resistant melanomas displayed a striking drug dependency for their continued proliferation, such that cessation of drug administration led to regression of established drug-resistant tumors. We further demonstrated that a discontinuous dosing strategy, which exploits the fitness deficit displayed by drug-resistant cells in the absence of the vemurafenib, forestalls the onset of lethal drug resistant disease. These data highlight the concept that drug-resistant cells may also show dependency, such that altered drug dosing may prevent the emergence of lethal drug resistance.
Citation Format: Martin McMahon, Meghna Das Thakur, Victoria Marsh, Jillian Silva, Allison Landman, Marian Deuker, Fernando Salangsang, Nancy Pryer, Wayne Phillips, Mitchell Levesque, Reinhard Dummer, Marcus Bosenberg, William R. Sellers, Darrin Stuart. Targeting BRAF and PI3′-kinase signaling for therapy of melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY17-03. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-SY17-03
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin McMahon
- 1UCSF Helen Diller Family Comp. Cancer Ctr., San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Victoria Marsh
- 1UCSF Helen Diller Family Comp. Cancer Ctr., San Francisco, CA
| | - Jillian Silva
- 1UCSF Helen Diller Family Comp. Cancer Ctr., San Francisco, CA
| | - Allison Landman
- 1UCSF Helen Diller Family Comp. Cancer Ctr., San Francisco, CA
| | - Marian Deuker
- 1UCSF Helen Diller Family Comp. Cancer Ctr., San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Nancy Pryer
- 2Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Darrin Stuart
- 2Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, CA
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Bie L, Ju Y, Jin Z, Donovan L, Birks S, Grunewald L, Zmuda F, Pilkington G, Kaul A, Chen YH, Dahiya S, Emnett R, Gianino S, Gutmann D, Poschl J, Bianchi E, Bockstaller M, Neumann P, Schuller U, Gevorgian A, Morozova E, Kazantsev I, Iukhta T, Safonova S, Punanov Y, Zheludkova O, Afanasyev B, Buss M, Remke M, Gandhi K, Kool M, Northcott P, Pfister S, Taylor M, Castellino R, Thompson J, Margraf L, Donahue D, Head H, Murray J, Burger P, Wortham M, Reitman Z, He Y, Bigner D, Yan H, Lee C, Triscott J, Foster C, Manoranjan B, Pambid MR, Fotovati A, Berns R, Venugopal C, O'Halloran K, Narendran A, Northcott P, Taylor MD, Singh SK, Singhal A, Rassekh R, Maxwell CA, Dunham C, Dunn SE, Pambid MR, Berns R, Hu K, Adomat H, Moniri M, Chin MY, Hessein M, Zisman N, Maurer N, Dunham C, Guns E, Dunn S, Koks C, De Vleeschouwer S, Graf N, Van Gool S, D'Asti E, Huang A, Korshunov A, Pfister S, Rak J, Gump W, Moriarty T, Gump W, Skjei K, Karkare S, Castelo-Branco P, Choufani S, Mack S, Gallagher D, Zhang C, 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Project MAGIC, Rakopoulos P, Jan LY, Pajovic S, Buczkowicz P, Morrison A, Bouffet E, Bartels U, Becher O, Hawkins C, Truffaux N, Puget S, Philippe C, Gump W, Castel D, Taylor K, Mackay A, Le Dret L, Saulnier P, Calmon R, Boddaert N, Blauwblomme T, Sainte-Rose C, Jones C, Mutchnick I, Grill J, Liu X, Ebling M, Ide J, Wang L, Davis E, Marchionni M, Stuart D, Alberta J, Kieran M, Li KKW, Stiles C, Agar N, Remke M, Cavalli FMG, Northcott PA, Kool M, Pfister SM, Taylor MD, Project MAGIC, Tien AC, Pang JCS, Griveau A, Rowitch D, Ramkissoon L, Horowitz P, Craig J, Ramkissoon S, Rich B, Bergthold G, Tabori U, Taha H, Ng HK, Bowers D, Hawkins C, Packer R, Eberhart C, Goumnerova L, Chan J, Santagata S, Pomeroy S, Ligon A, Kieran M, Jackson S, Beroukhim R, Ligon K, Kuan CT, Chandramohan V, Keir S, Pastan I, Bigner D, Zhou Z, Ho S, Voss H, Patay Z, Souweidane M, Salloum R, DeWire M, Fouladi M, Goldman S, Chow L, Hummel T, Dorris K, Miles L, Sutton M, Howarth R, Stevenson C, Leach J, Griesinger A, Donson A, Hoffman L, Birks D, Amani V, Handler M, Foreman N, Sangar MC, Pai A, Pedro K, Ditzler SH, Girard E, Olson J, Gustafson WC, Meyerowitz J, Nekritz E, Charron E, Matthay K, Hertz N, Onar-Thomas A, Shokat K, Weiss W, Hanaford A, Raabe E, Eberhart C, Griesinger A, Donson A, Hoffman L, Amani V, Birks D, Gajjar A, Handler M, Mulcahy-Levy J, Foreman N, Olow AK, Dasgupta T, Yang X, Mueller S, Hashizume R, Kolkowitz I, Weiss W, Broniscer A, Resnick AC, Sievert AJ, Nicolaides T, Prados MD, Berger MS, Gupta N, James CD, Haas-Kogan DA, Flores C, Pham C, Dietl SM, Snyder D, Sanchez-Perez L, Bigner D, Sampson J, Mitchell D, Prakash V, Batanian J, Guzman M, Geller T, Pham CD, Wolfl M, Pei Y, Flores C, Snyder D, Bigner DD, Sampson JH, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Mitchell DA, Van Ommeren R, Venugopal C, Manoranjan B, Beilhack A, McFarlane N, Hallett R, Hassell J, Dunn S, Singh S, Dasgupta T, Olow A, Yang X, Hashizume R, Mueller S, Riedel S, Nicolaides T, Kolkowitz I, Weiss W, Prados M, Gupta N, James CD, Haas-Kogan D, Zhao H, Li L, Picotte K, Monoranu C, Stewart R, Modzelewska K, Boer E, Picard D, Huang A, Radiloff D, Lee C, Dunn S, Hutt M, Nazarian J, Dietl S, Price A, Lim KJ, Warren K, Chang H, Eberhart CG, Raabe EH, Persson A, Huang M, Chandler-Militello D, Li N, Vince GH, Berger M, James D, Goldman S, Weiss W, Lindquist R, Tate M, Rowitch D, Alvarez-Buylla A, Hoffman L, Donson A, Eyrich M, Birks D, Griesinger A, Amani V, Handler M, Foreman N, Meijer L, Walker D, Grundy R, O'Dowd S, Jaspan T, Schlegel PG, Dineen R, Fotovati A, Radiloff D, Coute N, Triscott J, Chen J, Yip S, Louis D, Toyota B, Hukin J, Weitzel D, Rassekh SR, Singhal A, Dunham C, Dunn S, Ahsan S, Hanaford A, Taylor I, Eberhart C, Raabe E, Sun YG, Ashcraft K, Stiles C, Han L, Zhang K, Chen L, Shi Z, Pu P, Dong L, Kang C, Cordero F, Lewis P, Liu C, Hoeman C, Schroeder K, Allis CD, Becher O, Gururangan S, Grant G, Driscoll T, Archer G, Herndon J, Friedman H, Li W, Kurtzberg J, Bigner D, Sampson J, Mitchell D, 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V, Keir ST, Bao X, Pastan IH, Kuan CT, Bigner DD, Bender S, Jones D, Kool M, Sturm D, Korshunov A, Lichter P, Pfister SM, Chen M, Lu J, Wang J, Keir S, Zhang M, Zhao S, Mook R, Barak L, Lyerly HK, Chen W, Ramachandran C, Nair S, Escalon E, Khatib Z, Quirrin KW, Melnick S, Kievit F, Stephen Z, Wang K, Silber J, Ellenbogen R, Zhang M, Hutzen B, Studebaker A, Bratasz A, Powell K, Raffel C, Guo C, Chang CC, Wortham M, Chen L, Kernagis D, Qin X, Cho YW, Chi JT, Grant G, McLendon R, Yan H, Ge K, Papadopoulos N, Bigner D, He Y, Cristiano B, Venkataraman S, Birks DK, Alimova I, Harris PS, Dubuc A, Taylor MD, Foreman NK, Vibhakar R, Ichimura K, Fukushima S, Totoki Y, Suzuki T, Mukasa A, Saito N, Kumabe T, Tominaga T, Kobayashi K, Nagane M, Iuchi T, Mizoguchi M, Sasaki T, Tamura K, Sugiyama K, Narita Y, Shibui S, Matsutani M, Shibata T, Nishikawa R, Northcott P, Zichner T, Jones D, Kool M, Jager N, Feychting M, Lannering B, Tynes T, Wesenberg F, Hauser P, Ra YS, Zitterbart K, Jabado N, Chan J, 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Luck A, Leadly M, Reynaud D, Wu X, Remke M, Ramaswamy V, Northcott P, Pfister S, Croul S, Kool M, Korshunov A, Smith C, Taylor M, Rutka J, Pietsch T, Doerner E, Muehlen AZ, Velez-Char N, Warmuth-Metz M, Kortmann R, von Hoff K, Friedrich C, Rutkowski S, von Bueren A, Lu YJ, James CD, Hashizume R, Mueller S, Phillips J, Gupta N, Sturm D, Northcott PA, Jones DTW, Korshunov A, Picard D, Lichter P, Huang A, Pfister SM, Kool M, Ward J, Teague C, Shriyan B, Grundy R, Rahman R, Taylor K, Mackay A, Morozova O, Butterfield Y, Truffaux N, Philippe C, Vinci M, de Torres C, Cruz O, Mora J, Hargrave D, Puget S, Yip S, Jones C, Grill J, Smith S, Ward J, Tan C, Grundy R, Rahman R, Bjerke L, Mackay A, Nandhabalan M, Burford A, Jury A, Popov S, Bax D, Carvalho D, Taylor K, Vinci M, Bajrami I, McGonnell I, Lord C, Reis R, Hargrave D, Ashworth A, Workman P, Jones C, Carvalho D, Mackay A, Burford A, Bjerke L, Chen L, Kozarewa I, Lord C, Ashworth A, Hargrave D, Reis R, Jones C, Marigil M, Jauregui PJ, Alonso M, Chan TS, Hawkins C, Picard D, Henkin J, Huang A, Trubicka J, Kucharczyk M, Pelc M, Chrzanowska K, Ciara E, Perek-Polnik M, Grajkowska W, Piekutowska-Abramczuk D, Jurkiewicz D, Luczak S, Borucka-Mankiewicz M, Kowalski P, Krajewska-Walasek M, de Mola RML, Laskowski J, Fangusaro J, Costa FF, Vanin EF, Goldman S, Soares MB, Lulla RR, Mann A, Venugopal C, Vora P, Singh M, van Ommeren R, McFarlane N, Manoranjan B, Qazi M, Scheinemann K, MacDonald P, Delaney K, Whitton A, Dunn S, Singh S, Sievert A, Lang SS, Boucher K, Madsen P, Slaunwhite E, Choudhari N, Kellet M, Storm P, Resnick A, Agnihotri S, Burrell K, Fernandez N, Golbourn B, Clarke I, Barszczyk M, Sabha N, Dirks P, Jones C, Rutka J, Zadeh G, Hawkins C, Murphy B, Obad S, Bihannic L, Ayrault O, Zindy F, Kauppinen S, Roussel M, Golbourn B, Agnihotri S, Cairns R, Mischel P, Aldape K, Hawkins C, Zadeh G, Rutka J, Rush S, Donson A, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters B, Bemis L, Birks D, Chan M, Smith A, Handler M, Foreman N, Gronych J, Jones DTW, Zuckermann M, Hutter S, Korshunov A, Kool M, Ryzhova M, Reifenberger G, Pfister SM, Lichter P, Jones DTW, Hovestadt V, Picelli S, Wang W, Northcott PA, Kool M, Jager N, Reifenberger G, Rutkowski S, Pietsch T, Sultan M, Yaspo ML, Landgraf P, Eils R, Korshunov A, Zapatka M, Pfister SM, Radlwimmer B, Lichter P, Huang Y, Mao H, Wang Y, Kogiso M, Zhao X, Baxter P, Man C, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Li XN, Chung AH, Crabtree D, Schroeder K, Becher OJ, Panosyan E, Wang Y, Lasky J, Liu Z, Zhao X, Wang Y, Mao H, Huang Y, Kogiso M, Baxter P, Adesina A, Su J, Picard D, Huang A, Perlaky L, Chintagumpala M, Lau C, Blaney S, Li XN, Huang M, Persson A, Swartling F, Moriarity B. Abstracts. Neuro Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ksienski DS, Levesque M, Gill S. Predictors of adjuvant chemotherapy (AT) decision-making in referred patients (pts) with stage II and III colon cancer (CC). J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e15070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e15070 Background: Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated a robust survival benefit of AT for node positive (stage III) CC patients; similar evidence for node-negative (stage II) patients is lacking. While guidelines recommend AT for stage III colon cancer but AT is not a routine recommendation for stage II. Actual practice of the evidence varies and suggests the interplay of additional variables. We sought to identify factors associated with practice patterns which vary from conventional AT guidelines, ie no AT in stage III CC and receipt of AT in.stage II CC. Methods: Data pertaining to pt demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment for pts with resected stage II (n=176) and III CC (n=235) referred to the British Columbia Cancer Agency in 2004 was collected by retrospective chart review. One-sided Fisher's exact test was used to assess statistical significance (p<0.05) by univariate analysis. Results: 28% (n=49) of stage II pts received AT. Compared to untreated pts, stage II pts who received AT were significantly more often younger than 66 years (57% vs 21%), lived in a city with a regional cancer center (71% vs 51%), had T4 disease (33% vs 9%), vascular invasion (22% vs 5%), perineural invasion (10% vs 2%) and high grade (26% vs 2%). Marital status, ethnicity, lymphatic invasion and high CEA were not associated with AT in stage II. 29% (n=69) of stage III pts did not receive AT. Compared to treated pts, stage III pts who did not receive AT were significantly more often older than 65 years (91% vs 51%), had low grade disease (96% vs 84%) and presented for oncology consultation greater than 42 days from surgery (29% vs 11%). Marital status, ethnicity, residence, T4 status or N2 status were not associated with no AT in stage III. Conclusions: For pts with stage II CC, subgroups associated with high risk for relapse were more likely to receive AT although the majority of stage II pts in this cohort remained untreated. For stage III disease, almost one-third of referred pts did not receive AT. Older age and delayed presentation were strongly associated with failure to receive AT. Within the limitations of a retrospective review, these data highlight the significant and commonly observed implications of factors other than stage in AT decision-making for high risk resected CC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. S. Ksienski
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; St. Catharines General Site, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - M. Levesque
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; St. Catharines General Site, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - S. Gill
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; St. Catharines General Site, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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Paquet F, Bedard MA, Levesque M, Tremblay PL, Lemay M, Blanchet PJ, Scherzer P, Chouinard S, Filion J. Sensorimotor adaptation in Parkinson's disease: evidence for a dopamine dependent remapping disturbance. Exp Brain Res 2007; 185:227-36. [PMID: 17957363 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-007-1147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sensorimotor adaptation is thought to involve a remapping of the kinematic and kinetic parameters associated with movements performed within a changing environment. Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are known to be affected on this type of learning process, although the specific role of dopamine depletion in these deficits has not yet been elucidated. The present study was an attempt to clarify whether dopamine depletion in PD may directly affect the capacity to internally reorganize the visuomotor remapping of a distorted environment. Fourteen PD patients were tested twice, while they were treated and while they were withdrawn from their regular levodopa treatment. Fourteen control subjects were also enrolled and tested twice. Two parallel forms of the Computed Mirror Pointing Task (CMPT), requiring making a reaching movement in a visually transformed environment (mirror inversion), were administered to each participant. Each of them had to perform 40 trials at each of the 2 testing sessions. At each trial, sensorimotor adaptation was evaluated by the initial direction angle (IDA), which reflects the direction of movement before any visually guided readjustment. Results revealed no IDA difference at baseline, between control subject and PD patients, whether they were treated or not. In all group, IDA values at that time were large, reflecting a tendency to make movements according to the real life visuomotor mapping (based on the natural direct vision). However, striking differences appeared during sensorimotor learning, in that IDA reduction along trials was poorer in patient not treated with levodopa than both control subjects and the same PD patient treated with levodopa. No difference was observed between the treated PD patients and control subjects. Given that IDA is thought to reflect the internal representation of the visuomotor mapping, it is concluded that dopamine depletion in PD would affects sensorimotor adaptation, in that it facilitates old and poorly adapted movements (real life mapping), instead of new and more adapted ones (mirror transformed mapping).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Paquet
- Department of Psychology, Neuropsychology Division, University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), Station Downtown, PO Box 8888, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Levesque M, Bedard MA, Courtemanche R, Tremblay PL, Scherzer P, Blanchet PJ. Raclopride-induced motor consolidation impairment in primates: role of the dopamine type-2 receptor in movement chunking into integrated sequences. Exp Brain Res 2007; 182:499-508. [PMID: 17653704 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-007-1010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Results obtained in patients with schizophrenia have shown that antipsychotic drugs may induce motor learning deficits correlated with the striatal type-2 dopamine receptors (D(2)R) occupancy. Other findings suggest that the role of the striatum in motor learning could be related to a process of "chunking" discrete movements into motor sequences. We therefore hypothesized that a D(2)R blocking substance, such as raclopride, would affect motor learning by specifically disrupting the grouping of movements into sequences. Two monkeys were first trained to perform a baseline-overlearned sequence (Seq. A) drug free. Then, a new sequence was learned (Seq. B) and the overlearned sequence was recalled OFF-drug (Seq. A recall OFF-drug). The effect of raclopride was then assessed on the learning of a third sequence (Seq. C), and on the recall of the overlearned sequence (Seq. A recall ON-drug). Results showed that performance related to the overlearned sequence remained the same in the three experimental conditions (Seq. A, Seq. A recall OFF-drug, Seq. A recall ON-drug), whether the primates received raclopride or not. On the other hand, new sequence learning was significantly affected during raclopride treatment (Seq. C), when compared with new sequence learning without the effect of any drug (Seq. B). Raclopride-induced disturbances consisted in performance fluctuations, which persisted even after many days of trials, and prevented the monkeys from reaching a stable level of performance. Further analyses also showed that these fluctuations appeared to be related to monkeys' inability to group movements into single flowing motor sequences. The results of our study suggest that dopamine is involved in the stabilization or consolidation of motor performances, and that this function would involve a chunking of movements into well-integrated sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Levesque
- Department of Psychology, Neuropsychology Division, University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), PO Box 8888, Downtown Station, Montreal, Canada
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Goldberg DM, Tsang E, Levesque M, Soleas GJ. METHOD-DEPENDENT BIAS IN THE QUANTITATION OF CIS- AND TRANS-RESVERATROL GLUCOSIDES BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Goldberg
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology , University of Toronto, Banting Institute , 100 College Street, Toronto , ON , M5G 1L5 , Canada
| | | | - M. Levesque
- b Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine , Mount Sinai Hospital , 600 University Avenue, Toronto , ON , M5G 1X5 , Canada
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Lee JY, Levesque M, Benfey PN. High-throughput RNA isolation technologies. New tools for high-resolution gene expression profiling in plant systems. Plant Physiol 2005; 138:585-90. [PMID: 15955922 PMCID: PMC1150379 DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.061812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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Bouzaïdi K, Ravard-Marsot C, Debroucker F, Zguem S, Caudron C, Tiah D, Levesque M. Kyste du défilé spinoglénoïdien. À propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature. Rev Med Interne 2005; 26:335-8. [PMID: 15820571 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2004.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2004] [Accepted: 12/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Entrapment of the suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch due to a ganglion cyst is an uncommon event and remains a challenge for clinicians. EXEGESIS We describe the findings in a 35-year-old patient with nonspecific pain in the shoulder and in whom MR revealed a ganglion cyst in the spinoglenoid notch, confirmed surgically. CONCLUSION Entrapment of the suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch due to a ganglion cyst must be considered in the differential diagnosis of nonspecific shoulder pain. MR imaging and electromyography can reach a positive, topographic, and etiologic diagnosis of suprascapular neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bouzaïdi
- Service de radiologie, hôpital Louis-Mourier, 178, rue des Renouillers, 92700 Colombes, France.
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Bouzaïdi K, Ravard C, Levesque M. Localized abdominal pain. Br J Radiol 2004; 77:707-8. [PMID: 15326056 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/25581195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Bouzaïdi
- Department of Radiology, Louis Mourier University Hospital, 178 Rue des Renouillers, Colombes 92700, France
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Abstract
The function of unknown genes is often inferred from comparisons to well-characterized homologs. In this paper, we show that, even if all of the homologs of a gene are unannotated, its function may be deduced through phylogenetic profiling. We have designed a series of algorithms that make functional predictions of genes based on orthology and set theory, but our approach to predicting gene function requires no previous knowledge of homolog function. With this technique, we successfully identified 94% of the clusters of orthologous groups that are known to be involved in flagella development or function. As a test, we removed the function of three putative flagellar genes that had been previously uncharacterized in Bacillus subtilis. We observed a motility phenotype for two of these three genes. Thus, these algorithms allow for high-throughput functional prediction of genes beyond that provided by simple orthology-based annotation endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Levesque
- New York University, 1009 Main Building, 100 Washington Square East, 10003, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The p53 gene is an established tumor suppressor and an inducer of apoptosis. We here attempt to determine whether the putative anticarcinogenic properties attributed to red wine and its polyphenolic constituents depend, at least in part, upon their ability to modulate p53 expression in cancer cells. METHODS Three human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D; MDA-MB-486) and one human colon cancer cell line [Colo 320 HSR (+)] were treated for 24-h with each of four polyphenols [quercetin; (+)-catechin, trans-resveratrol; caffeic acid] at concentrations ranging from 10(-7) M to 10(-4) M, after which, p53 concentrations were measured in cell lysates by a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay. RESULTS None of the polyphenols tested affected p53 expression in the breast cancer cell lines T-47D and MDA-MB-486. p53 content of MCF-7 breast cancer cells (wild-type) was increased by caffeic acid, decreased by resveratrol, and showed a twofold increase with catechin, that reached borderline statistical significance; however, none of these effects were dose-responsive. Colo 320 HSR (+) cells (with a mutant p53 gene) had lower p53 content upon stimulation, reaching borderline statistical significance, but without being dose-responsive, in the presence of caffeic acid and resveratrol. Apart from toxicity at 10(-4) M, quercetin had no effect upon these four cell lines. CONCLUSIONS The observed p53 concentration changes upon stimulation by polyphenols are relatively small, do not follow a uniform pattern in the four cell lines tested, and do not exhibit a dose-response effect. For these reasons, we speculate that the putative anticarcinogenic properties of wine polyphenols are unlikely to be mediated by modulation of p53 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Soleas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Iannelli A, Kianmanesh R, Msika S, Marano A, Levesque M, Grandjean M, Hay JM. [Post-traumatic fracture and migration in the pulmonary artery of the catheter of a totally implantable venous access device. Unusual complication]. MINERVA CHIR 2001; 56:303-6. [PMID: 11423798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The case of a 59 year-old patient, who sustained a post-traumatic fracture of the silastic catheter of his totally implantable venous access device that migrated in the right pulmonary artery, is reported. The venous device was placed six months earlier for the treatment of metastatic spread of a primary unknown adenocarcinoma. The venous device was placed on the left side in consideration of a recent right supraclavicular node biopsy. The catheter was introduced through the left internal jugular vein and its peripheral end was positioned subcutaneously across the clavicle to be connected to the port chamber placed in the infraclavicular region. The accidental fracture of the catheter was attributed to a closed trauma occurred during the transport of a refrigerator on the homolateral shoulder. Treatment involved extraction of the migrated fragment through a percutaneous transfemoral angioradiological procedure. A few days later the chamber was removed and a new totally implantable venous access device was placed on the other side.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Iannelli
- Service de Chirurgie Viscèrale, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
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Vincent D, Guillevin L, Levesque M, Authier F, Vadrot D, Pradalier A, Cherin P. Association of macrophagic myofasciitis and fibromuscular dysplasia with renal fibromuscular dysplasia: first case report. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2000; 18:753-4. [PMID: 11138343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Two rare muscular diseases, macrophagic myofasciitis and fibromuscular dysplasia, are associated in the patient reported here. Their respective etiologies are unknown. The possible link has to be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vincent
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France.
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Abstract
Axonal projections arising from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were traced after labeling small pools (5-15 cells) of neurons with biotinylated dextran amine. Seventy-five single axons were reconstructed from serial sagittal sections with a camera lucida. Most of the STN labeled cells displayed five to eight long, sparsely spined dendrites that arborized mostly along the main axis of the nucleus. Based on their axonal targets, five distinct types of STN projection neurons have been identified: 1) neurons projecting to the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), the internal (GPi) and external (GPe) segments of the globus pallidus (21.3%); 2) neurons targeting SNr and GPe (2. 7%); 3) neurons projecting to GPi and GPe (48%); 4) neurons targeting GPe only (10.7 %); and 5) neurons with axons that coursed toward the sriatum, but whose terminal arborization could not be visualized in detail (17.3%). Axons of the first two types bifurcated into rostral subthalamopallidal and caudal pallidonigral branches. However, the majority of STN axons had only a single branch that coursed rostrally toward the pallidum and striatum. These results reveal that, in contrast to current beliefs, the primate STN is not a monolithic entity. This nucleus harbors several subtypes of projection neurons, each endowed with a highly patterned set of collaterals. This organization allows STN neurons to exert a multifarious effect not only on the GPe, with which the STN is reciprocally connected, but also on the two major output structures of the basal ganglia, the SNr and the GPi.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sato
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, Centre de Recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard, Beauport, Québec G1J 2G3, Canada
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Tartakovsky B, Levesque M, Dumortier R, Beaudet R, Guiot SR. Biodegradation of pentachlorophenol in a continuous anaerobic reactor augmented with Desulfitobacterium frappieri PCP-1. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:4357-62. [PMID: 10508060 PMCID: PMC91578 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.10.4357-4362.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a strain of anaerobic pentachlorophenol (PCP) degrader, Desulfitobacterium frappieri PCP-1, was used to augment a mixed bacterial community of an anaerobic upflow sludge bed reactor degrading PCP. To estimate the efficiency of augmentation, the population of PCP-1 in the reactor was enumerated by a competitive PCR technique. The PCP-1 strain appeared to compete well with other microorganisms of the mixed bacterial community, with its population increasing from 10(6) to 10(10) cells/g of volatile suspended solids within a period of 70 days. Proliferation of strain PCP-1 allowed for a substantial increase of the volumetric PCP load from 5 to 80 mg/liter of reaction volume/day. A PCP removal efficiency of 99% and a dechlorination efficiency of not less than 90.5% were observed throughout the experiment, with 3-Cl-phenol and phenol being observable dechlorination intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tartakovsky
- Biotechnology Research Institute, NRC, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4P 2A2
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The regular consumption of alcohol in moderate amounts (defined in North America as up to 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for females) has been recognized in the last decade as a negative risk factor for atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae: coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Mortality and morbidity attributable to CHD are 40-60% lower in moderate drinkers than among abstainers. Among the mechanisms accounting for these reductions, increased circulating concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and inhibition of blood coagulation appear to be paramount. Additional benefits are, in certain beverages, conferred by the presence of constituents other than alcohol (e.g., flavonoids and hydroxystilbenes), which prevent oxidative damage, free radical formation, and elements of the inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS A number of other diseases appear to be beneficially modulated by moderate alcohol consumption based on epidemiologic surveys and, in some instances, experimental evidence. These include duodenal ulcer, gallstones, enteric infections, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and diabetes mellitus (type II). Compared with abstainers, moderate drinkers exhibit improved mental status characterized by decreased stress and depression, lower absenteeism from work, and decreased incidence of dementia (including Alzheimer's disease). Although limits of safe drinking have been conservatively defined, it is regrettable that political considerations are hampering the clinical application of this knowledge and its dissemination to the lay public.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Goldberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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