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El Haj M, Questel F, Moustafa AA. "Do not take that medication": negative prospective memory in Korsakoff's syndrome. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2633-2640. [PMID: 38170342 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While prospective memory (i.e., the ability to execute a future plan) has been extensively researched, little is known about negative prospective memory (i.e., the ability to remember not to execute a future plan) in Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). We thus evaluated both prospective memory and negative prospective memory in KS, as well as the relationship between both types of prospective memory and inhibition. METHODS Patients with KS and control participants were invited to press a button on the keyboard (i.e., prospective memory) or not to press a button when a cue word (e.g., negative prospective memory) was encountered. RESULTS The analysis demonstrated that patients with KS had more prospective memory errors (i.e., forgetting to click the keyboard when the instruction was to do so) than control participants. The analysis also demonstrated that patients with KS had more negative prospective memory errors (i.e., clicking the keyboard when the instruction was not to do so) than control participants. Similar levels of commissions and omissions were observed in patients with KS than in control participants. Interestingly, prospective and negative prospective performances were significantly correlated with performance on an inhibition assessment task. DISCUSSION Our study demonstrates that KS is characterized by not only difficulty in remembering to execute a future intention but also by difficulty in remembering not to execute a future intention. A decline in negative prospective memory in KS can be associated with difficulty in inhibiting no longer appropriate previously learned intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Bd Jacques Monod, 44093, Nantes, France.
- Faculté de Psychologie, (LPPL) Laboratoire de Psychologie Des Pays de La Loire, Université de Nantes Campus Tertre, Chemin de La Censive du Tertre, BP 81227, 44312, Cedex 3, Nantes, France.
| | - Frank Questel
- Département de Psychiatrie Et de Médecine Addictologique, Inserm UMR-S 1144, Hôpital Fernand Widal, 200 Rue du Faubourg Saint Denis, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Corner Kingsway, University Rd, Johannesburg, 2092, South Africa
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El Haj M, Larøi F. On hallucinations and memory: the relationship between hallucinations and autobiographical overgenerality in Alzheimer's Disease. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2024; 36:162-166. [PMID: 38369926 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2024.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been associated with autobiographical overgenerality (i.e. a tendency of patients to retrieve general rather than specific personal memories). AD has also been associated with hallucinations. We investigated the relationship between autobiographical overgenerality and hallucinations in AD. METHODS We invited 28 patients with mild AD to retrieve autobiographical memories, and we also evaluated the occurrence of hallucinations in these patients. RESULTS Analysis demonstrated significant correlations between hallucinations and autobiographical overgenerality in the patients. CONCLUSION AD patients who are distressed by hallucinations may demonstrate autobiographical overgenerality as a strategy to avoid retrieving distressing information that may be related with hallucinations. However, hallucinations as observed in our study can be attributed to other factors such as the general cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, Nantes, France
| | - Frank Larøi
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Center of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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El Haj M. Destination memory disorders: At the junction between memory and socioaffective processing. Soc Neurosci 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38706268 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2024.2351213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The junction between memory dysfunction and socioaffective dysfunction is a complex area as research has typically been interested in one dysfunction rather than in the other. However, this junction can be studied under the lens of destination memory. Destination memory (i.e. the ability to remember to whom a piece of information was previously transmitted) is unique in that it draws on both memory and socioaffective processes. Research has demonstrated how destination memory is prone to distortions in neurological/psychiatric disorders. This paper aims to provide a focused review on the interplay between memory and socioaffective processes in the deterioration of destination memory within these disorders. It shows how both episodic memory and socioaffective dysfunction can jointly contribute to the decline in destination memory, although the contribution of each of the two factors may vary depending on the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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El Haj M, Raffard S, Besche-Richard C. Decoding schizophrenia: ChatGPT's role in clinical and neuropsychological assessment. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:84-85. [PMID: 38522374 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- University Institute of France (IUF), Paris, France; Clinical Gerontology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France.
| | - Stéphane Raffard
- Epsylon laboratory, University of Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Chrystel Besche-Richard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition Santé Société (C2S, UR 6291), Reims, France; Paul Guiraud Hospital Group, Villejuif, France
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El Haj M, Allain P, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C, Chapelet G, Kapogiannis D, Ndobo A. Does Sex Matter? High Semantic Autobiographical Retrieval in Women and Men With Alzheimer's Disease. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:649-667. [PMID: 36165092 PMCID: PMC10040469 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221130223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The decline of autobiographical memory in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly characterized by overgenerality. While there is a large body of research on autobiographical overgenerality in AD, this research has mainly assessed retrieval with a dichotomy between specific vs. general retrieval. To go beyond this dichotomy, we assessed several degrees of autobiographical specificity in patients with AD, namely, we assessed specific vs. categoric vs. extended vs. semantic retrieval. We also assessed sex differences regarding these degrees of autobiographical specificity. We invited patients with mild AD and control participants to complete sentences (e. g., "When I think back to/of…") with autobiographical memories. Memories were categorized into specific, categoric, extended, or semantic memories. Results demonstrated more semantic than specific, categoric or extended memories in men and women with AD. In control participants, analysis demonstrated more specific than categoric, extended, and semantic memories in men and women. Also, no significant differences were observed between women and men with AD, or between control women and men, regarding specific, categoric, extended, and semantic memoires. This study offers not only a nuanced analysis of autobiographical specificity in patients with mild AD, but also an original analysis regarding this specificity by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, Nantes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Allain
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL EA 4638, SFR Confluences, UNIV Angers, Nantes Université, Maison de la recherche Germaine Tillion, Angers, France; Département de Neurologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Claire Boutoleau-Bretonnière
- CHU Nantes, Inserm CIC04, Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, Département de Neurologie, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et Recherche, Nantes, France
| | - Guillaume Chapelet
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, Nantes, France
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - André Ndobo
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France
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Berrut G, Chrusciel J, El Haj M, Ndiongue BM, De Lamothe VD, Pondjikli M, Jemmi L, Bernat V, Benata L, Coulibaly F, Malfuson PCF, Fourier MA, Sanchez S. [Faisabilité de l'exploration des fonctions exécutives des résidents d'établissement d'hébergement pour personnes âgées]. Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil 2024; 22:85-92. [PMID: 38573148 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2024.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Impairment of cognitive functions is the primary reason for admission to long-term care units, with executive functions playing a pivotal role in dependency and behavioral issues. These functions pose significant challenges to nursing staff in providing care. However, the assessment of executive functions in elderly individuals residing in nursing homes often relies on tests that are both time-consuming and difficult for this demographic. In many instances, executive functions are either not assessed or only examined in broad terms. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the feasibility of assessing executive functions in elderly nursing home residents, specifically aiming to distinguish sub-components such as mental flexibility, working memory, planning, and inhibition. The residents included in the study underwent executive function assessments over three visits, using various tests for each sub-component. METHODS Out of 530 residents, 46 gave their consent and 38 completed the three visits, with an average age of 90±5 years (76.2% women) and a median MMSE score of 20/30. Feasibility was evaluated based on the test being executed and the frequency of interruptions due to difficulty or fatigue on the part of the resident. RESULTS Only four tests proved suitable for elderly individuals in nursing homes, and we propose grouping them into a battery named SETE (Screening Executive Tests for Elderly): the conflicting instructions from the FAB, the alpha test, the clock test, and the verbal span test. CONCLUSION The use of these four tests would enable the construction of a map delineating executive function impairment by sub-component. Enhanced knowledge of executive functions in long-term care residents will facilitate better adapted dependency management and the implementation of non-pharmacological interventions for behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Berrut
- Pays-de-la-Loire Gérontopôle, France, Nantes University, Nantes University Hospital, University Hospital Center for Clinical Gerontology, Nantes, France
| | - Jan Chrusciel
- Clinical Research and Care Research Unit, Public Health and Performance Territorial Unit. Champagne Sud Hospitals, Troyes, France
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes University, Pays de la Loire Psychology Laboratory (LPPL), EA 4638, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephane Sanchez
- Clinical Research and Care Research Unit, Public Health and Performance Territorial Unit. Champagne Sud Hospitals, Troyes, France, Clariane Foundation, Paris, France, University Resources Committee for Health Research. University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
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El Haj M. When you look at your past: Eye movement during autobiographical retrieval. Conscious Cogn 2024; 118:103652. [PMID: 38301389 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Until recently, little was known about whether or how autobiographical memory (i.e., memory of personal information) activates eye movement. This issue is now being addressed by several studies demonstrating not only how autobiographical memory activates eye movement, but also how eye movement influences the characteristics of autobiographical retrieval. This paper summarizes this research and presents a hypothesis according to which fixations and saccades during autobiographical retrieval mirror the construction of the visual image of the retrieved event. This hypothesis suggests that eye movements during autobiographical retrieval mirror the attempts of the visual system to generate and manipulate mental representations of autobiographical retrieval. It offers a theoretical framework for a burgeoning area of research that provides a rigorous behavioral evaluation of the phenomenological experience of memory.
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA, Antoine P, Chapelet G. Relationship Between Future Thinking and Prospective Memory in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:33-42. [PMID: 38229829 PMCID: PMC10789294 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Future thinking and prospective memory are two cognitive processes oriented toward the future and reliant on the ability to envision oneself in future scenarios. Objective We explored the connection between future thinking and prospective memory in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods We invited both AD participants and control participants to engage in event-based prospective memory tasks (e.g., "please hand me this stopwatch when I inform you there are 10 minutes remaining") and time-based prospective memory tasks (e.g., "close the book you are working on in five minutes"). Additionally, we asked participants to engage in a future thinking task where they imagined upcoming events. Results Analysis revealed that AD participants exhibited lower performance in both prospective memory tasks and future thinking compared to the control group. Importantly, we identified significant positive correlations between the performance on event- and time-based prospective memory tasks and future thinking abilities among AD participants. Conclusions These findings underscore the connection between the decline in both prospective memory domains and the ability to envision future events in individuals with AD. Our results also shed light on the challenges AD individuals face when trying to project themselves into the future to mentally pre-experience upcoming events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, Nantes, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, University of Western Sydney, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pascal Antoine
- Université de Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Chapelet
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
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Boutoleau-Bretonnière C, Kapogiannis D, El Haj M. The guaranteed euros: Probabilistic discounting in behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia. J Neuropsychol 2023. [PMID: 38135907 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Financial decision-making requires trading off between guaranteed and probabilistic outcomes and between immediate and delayed ones. While research has demonstrated that patients with behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) prefer immediate rewards at the expense of future ones (i.e. temporal discounting), little is known about how patients choose between smaller, guaranteed and larger, but probabilistic, outcomes (i.e. probabilistic discounting). We thus investigated probabilistic discounting by inviting 18 patients with bvFTD and 20 control participants to choose between fixed smaller monetary amounts and a fixed larger monetary amount with a variated probability of occurrence (e.g. 'Would you rather have 40€ for sure or a 20% chance of winning 100€?'). Results demonstrated lower scores, indicating higher risk tolerance, on the probabilistic discounting task in patients with bvFTD (while impulsively choosing more immediate rewards on the temporal discounting task) compared to control participants. Probabilistic discounting was significantly correlated with a decline in general cognitive performance in patients with bvFTD. When dealing between smaller, guaranteed, and larger, but probabilistic, rewards, patients with bvFTD tend to prefer guaranteed rewards and discount the uncertain ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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El Haj M, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C, Chapelet G. ChatGPT's dance with neuropsychological data: A case study in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102117. [PMID: 37926396 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence continues to revolutionize the medical and scientific field, especially with the release of ChatGPT. We assessed whether it provides an accurate interpretation of neuropsychological screening. We provided ChatGPT with the neuropsychological data of a patient with mild Alzheimer's Disease and invited it and two neuropsychologists to interpret the data. While ChatGPT provided an accurate interpretation of scores on each of the neuropsychological tests, it did not use standardized scores and did not specify the cognitive domain that may be most impaired. In contrast, the neuropsychologists used standardized scores to determine that the patient was mainly suffering from memory decline. While ChatGPT may succeed in the general interpretation of neuropsychological testing, at least in patients with Alzheimer's Disease, it still cannot create a pattern of scores across different tests to better specify the nature of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France; CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, F44093 Nantes, France.
| | | | - Guillaume Chapelet
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, F44093 Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
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Gautier J, Bulteau S, Chapelet G, El Haj M. Déjà vu and involuntary autobiographical memories as two distinct cases of familiarity in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Sci 2023; 46:e363. [PMID: 37961764 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x23000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The continuum between involuntary autobiographical memories and déjà vu, as proposed by Barzykowski and Moulin, can be better defined by considering research on autobiographical retrieval in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Although autobiographical retrieval in patients with Alzheimer's disease can generally be associated with a sense of familiarity, involuntary retrieval can trigger an autonoetic experience of retrieval in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gautier
- Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Samuel Bulteau
- Clinical Investigation Unit 18, Department of Addictology and Psychiatry, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- MethodS in Patients-Centered Outcomes and HEalth Research (SPHERE), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Guillaume Chapelet
- Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
- Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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El Haj M, Kapogiannis D, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C. The neutral past: emotional (dys)regulation of autobiographical memory in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2023; 28:437-449. [PMID: 37897319 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2023.2275337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While affective disturbances are a key symptomatic indicator of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), little is known about how patients process the emotional load of their autobiographical (i.e. personal) memories. METHODS We assessed the interplay of emotional regulation and autobiographical memory by inviting 18 bvFTD and 20 control participants to remember past personal events. For each memory, participants rated its emotional valence "then" (i.e. when the event has occurred) vs "now" (i.e. when retrieving the event). RESULTS Patients with bvFTD described their memories as neutral at both times (p = .85), while control participants rated their memories as more positive during "then" than during "now" (p = .013). Autobiographical retrieval triggered fewer emotional words (p < .001) and less specificity (p < .001) in bvFTD patients compared to control participants. CONCLUSIONS The lack of significant differences between the emotional characteristics during "then" than "now" in patients with bvFTD (and the flattening of both) may mirror their hampered ability for emotional generation, which may be associated with difficulties in reframing their past experiences to modify and adapt their meaning. The hampered emotional regulation in bvFTD may also be associated with an avoidance strategy and a passive attitude toward the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France
- Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
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El Haj M, Allain P, DEBont L, Ndobo A. Destination Memory for Self-Related Information: When I Tell Elvis Presley about My Favorite Food. Exp Aging Res 2023; 49:421-432. [PMID: 36208144 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2022.2133295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Destination memory, the ability to remember to whom information was previously delivered, has found to be influenced by social processing and social interactions. This memory has also been shown to be compromised in normal aging. Our paper investigated whether older adults would demonstrate better destination memory for self-related information than for general information. METHODS We asked younger adults and older adults to tell self-related information (e.g., "I like Chinese food") and semantic information (e.g., "the moon is smaller than the sun") to pictures of celebrities (e.g., Elvis Presley). RESULTS Analysis showed higher destination memory for self-related information than for semantic information in older adults and younger adults. DISCUSSION Older adults may draw on self-related information to improve memory and social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
- Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Allain
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL EA, SFR Confluences, UNIV Angers, Nantes Université, Maison de la recherche Germaine Tillion, Nantes, France
- Département de Neurologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Leslie DEBont
- Centre de Recherche sur les Identités, les Nations et l'Interculturalité, CRINI EA1162, Université de Nantes. Chemin la Censive du Tertre BP, Nantes, France
| | - André Ndobo
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
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Robin F, Salomé F, El Haj M. False Memories in Individuals With Stabilized Schizophrenia. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:2119-2140. [PMID: 35379032 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221083213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the false memories in individuals with stabilized schizophrenia. Using the Deese, Roediger, and McDermott (DRM) task, schizophrenia patients and matched healthy controls had to recall words from each DRM list. Following the presentation of the DRM lists, the participants performed a recognition task. Neuropsychological tests were also administered. Results demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia recalled and recognized significantly fewer studied words than the healthy participants. This failure in retrieval is likely to result from a lack of encoding strategies. Results also showed that a stabilized schizophrenic pathology neither increased nor reduced false memories. Patients and controls showed high levels of false memories. Signal detection analyses revealed that patients discarded the critical word as not having been studied, relying on a lax decision criterion (based on familiarity, best guess or chance). Although false memories fell within the normal range for both groups, in individuals with schizophrenia they probably result from deficient encoding processes. Nevertheless, correlational analyses did not show which cognitive deficits contribute to false memories in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Robin
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, UR 4638, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Franck Salomé
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, UR 4638, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, UR 4638, F-44000 Nantes, France
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA, Allain P. Memory in Social Interactions: The Effects of Introspection on Destination Memory in Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1250. [PMID: 37759851 PMCID: PMC10526270 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Destination memory, which is the ability to remember to whom one has sent information, is intimately associated with social cognition. We assessed whether processing attributes of destinations would improve destination memory in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this cross-sectional study, we tested the destination memory of 24 patients with TBI and 25 control participants in two conditions. On the first one (control condition), we invited participants to tell proverbs to celebrities' faces in order to decide, on a subsequent recognition test, whether they previously told that proverb to that celebrity or not. On the second condition (experimental introspection condition), the same procedures were repeated. However, after telling the proverbs, we invited participants to introspect about what the destination might believe about the proverbs (e.g., "What do you think that the celebrities would think about the proverbs?"). Group comparisons demonstrated better destination memory after the introspection than when no introspection was implemented in control participants, but there were no significant differences between the two conditions in patients with TBI. However, analyses of individual profiles demonstrated that more than half (n = 13) of the patients with TBI demonstrated better destination memory after introspection. While these results demonstrate a beneficial effect of introspection on destination memory for some cases of patients with TBI, more research is needed to reveal how introspection may influence patients' memory in social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Institut Universitaire de France, F-75005 Paris, France
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, F-44093 Nantes, France
- LPPL-Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Faculté de Psychologie, Université de Nantes, Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, BP 81227, CEDEX 03, F-44312 Nantes, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Philippe Allain
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL EA 4638, SFR Confluences, UNIV Angers, Maison de la recherche Germaine Tillion, 5 bis Boulevard Lavoisier, CEDEX 01, F-49045 Angers, France
- Département de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
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16
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El Haj M, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C, Chapelet G. The Pupil Knows: Pupil Dilation Indexes and Their Inhibitory Ability in Normal Aging. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4778. [PMID: 37510893 PMCID: PMC10380960 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pupil dilation is considered an index of cognitive effort, as the pupil typically dilates as the cognitive load increases. In this paper, we evaluated whether older adults demonstrate increased pupil size when performing tasks requiring cognitive inhibition. We invited 44 older and 44 younger adults to perform the Stroop task while their pupil dilation was recorded with eye-tracking glasses. The dependent variables were the number of accurate responses on the Stroop task as well as pupil size in the three conditions of the task (i.e., color naming, word reading, and the interference condition). The results demonstrated less accurate responses in the interference condition than in the color-naming or word-reading conditions, in both older and younger adults. Critically, larger pupil dilation was observed in the interference condition than in the color-naming and word-reading conditions, in both older and younger adults. This study demonstrates that pupil dilation responds to cognitive effort in normal aging, at least in the interference condition of the Stroop task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75000 Paris, France
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, 44093 Nantes, France
- LPPL-Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Faculté de Psychologie, Université de Nantes, Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, BP 81227, Cedex 3, 44312 Nantes, France
| | - Claire Boutoleau-Bretonnière
- CHU Nantes, Inserm CIC04, Département de Neurologie, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et Recherche, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Guillaume Chapelet
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, 44093 Nantes, France
- Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
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17
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA. "Bitcoin now": temporal discounting in Bitcoin holders. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1205814. [PMID: 37521703 PMCID: PMC10372628 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1205814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cryptocurrency investment and trading are rapidly growing activities due to the development of applications and platforms that offer fast, continuous, and easy entry into the cryptocurrency world. To understand decision making in cryptocurrency holders, we assessed temporal discounting, that is, whether Bitcoin holders disregard rewards if they are distant in time and overvalue rewards if they are more immediate. Further, we compared performance between short-term investors (i.e., day-traders) vs. long-term investors. Methods Using an online survey, we invited 144 Bitcoin holders to answer temporal discounting questionnaires dealing with money ("Which do you prefer, that you get right now 20 USD in cash or 100 USD in a month?") and Bitcoin ("Which do you prefer, that you get right now 0.1 or 1 Bitcoin in a month?"). Results Analysis demonstrated no significant differences between temporal discounting for money and Bitcoin. However, and critically, higher temporal discounting for both money and Bitcoin was observed in short-term investors compared with long-term investors. In a similar vein, significant positive correlations were observed between day trading and temporal discounting for both money and Bitcoin. Discussion These findings demonstrate how Bitcoin holders with short-term time horizons tend to prioritize immediate rewards over larger but delayed rewards. Future research can assess the neural basis of temporal discounting for cryptocurrencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL – EA 4638), Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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18
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El Haj M, Robin F, Moustafa AA, Gallouj K. Imagine yourself dancing waltz: The effect of imagination on memory in Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023:CAR-EPUB-132028. [PMID: 37231761 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230523155845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-imagination refers to a mnemonic strategy of imagining oneself at a scene related to a cue. OBJECTIVE We tested the effect of self-imagination on memory recall in Alzheimer's disease (AD) Method: Individuals with AD and healthy controls were invited to perform two conditions. In the control (i.e., semantic elaboration) condition, participants were asked to define to which semantic category (e.g., dance) words (e.g., waltz) belong. However, in a self-imagining condition, participants were asked to imagine themselves in a scene related to the stimuli (e.g., dancing waltz). Both conditions were followed by two free memory tests with two different intervals (20 seconds vs. 20 minutes). RESULTS Analysis showed a beneficial effect of self-imagination for the 20-second but not for the 20- minute recall in AD participants and controls. CONCLUSION Clinicians can incorporate our findings when assessing, especially when trying to rehabilitate, episodic memory in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), F-44000 Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, F44093, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Robin
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karim Gallouj
- Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing geriatrics Tourcoing France
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El Haj M. The interdisciplinary science of autobiographical memory. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci 2023; 14:e1652. [PMID: 37113102 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
To provide a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of autobiographical memory, WIREs Cognitive Science is launching a special issue gathering contributions from various perspectives in the field of autobiographical memory. To introduce this special issue, I outline the philosophy of this collaborative project and summarize the knowledge gained from each of the 12 articles included. Insights into the next important steps in studying autobiographical memory are also provided. As shown in this article, research on autobiographical memory covers a wide range of disciplines (e.g., neuropsychology, cognitive psychology, social psychology, developmental psychology, neurology, psychiatry). However, there has been little interdisciplinary dialogue between autobiographical memory scholars until recently. For the first time, this special issue brings together theoretical contributions that offer different yet complementary approaches to the study of autobiographical memory. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL-EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Department of Clinical Gerontology, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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20
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El Haj M, Kapogiannis D, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C. "Who am I?": Weakened sense of the self in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33461. [PMID: 37026915 PMCID: PMC10082281 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While research has shown a distrusted sense of the self in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), little is known about how patients describe their self-image. We used the "Who am I?" task to invite patients with bvFTD and control participants to produce statements beginning with "I am…." We distinguished between statements related to physical, social, and psychological self. Analyses showed fewer statements related to physical, social, and psychological self in the patients with bvFTD than in control participants. Another result was the proportionally similar production of statements describing physical, social, and psychological self in both patients with bvFTD and control participants. Finally, the total production of "Who am I?" statements was positively correlated with verbal fluency in both patients with bvTFD and control participants. Our findings demonstrate a diminished ability of patients with bvFTD to process self-images. Our study also paves the way toward the use of the "Who am I" task as a simple and ecologically valid tool allowing for the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the sense of self in patients with bvFTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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21
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Altintas E, Karaca Y, Berjot S, El Haj M, Boudoukha AH. Work stress and motivation in psychologists in the hospital setting: the role of primary cognitive appraisal. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:1039-1048. [PMID: 35799427 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2093923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore in a hospital setting the relationships between work motivation and stress among psychologists working in hospitals. The second aim was to identify the respective roles of threat appraisal and challenge appraisal in this population. We expected work stress to have a motivational impact in the workplace, with primary cognitive appraisal (e.g., threat or challenge) playing a crucial role. The study included a large sample of 430 French psychologists recruited in French hospitals with a mean age of 33.68 ± 8.73 years. We assessed perceived work stress, work motivation, and primary cognitive appraisal. Analysis showed two main outcomes. First, perceived stress in the workplace impacts work motivation; specifically, the higher the perceived stress, the less motivation is self-determined. Second, threat cognitive appraisal has a direct and negative motivational impact, but also an indirect impact via perceived stress. However, appraisal of work as a cognitive challenge also directly and positively impacts motivation in the workplace, without indirect effects. Finally, work stress, work motivation and primary cognitive appraisals are significantly related with the workplace. These relationships support complementarity with the Transactional Model of Stress and SDT motivational approach in a theoretical and practical perspective in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Altintas
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France.,Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Unité de Gériatrie, Tourcoing, France
| | | | - Sophie Berjot
- Laboratoire C2S - Cognition Santé Société (EA 6291), Université de Reims, France
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Unité de Gériatrie, Tourcoing, France.,Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Abdel-Halim Boudoukha
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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22
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El Haj M, Caillaud M, Moustafa A, Prundean A, Scherer C, Verny C, Allain P. "Ten euros now" temporal discounting in Huntington disease. Neurol Sci 2023:10.1007/s10072-023-06775-z. [PMID: 36964316 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When making decisions, one often faces a trade-off between immediate and long-term rewards. In these situations, people may prefer immediate over later rewards, even if immediate rewards are smaller than later ones; a phenomenon known as temporal discounting. In this study, we, for the first time, assessed temporal discounting in three populations: participants with manifest Huntington disease (HD), participants with premanifest HD, and control participants. METHODS Using the temporal discounting task, we invited participants to choose between small immediate amount of money vs. delayed, but larger amount of money (e.g., "Which do you prefer: you get 10 euros right now or 50 euros in a month?"). We also measured inhibition in order to test if it impacts discounting performance. RESULTS Analysis demonstrated higher temporal discounting (i.e., a preference for the immediate rewards) in participants with manifest HD compared to those with premanifest HD or control participants, but no significant differences were observed in participants with premanifest HD and control participants. Analysis also demonstrated significant correlations between temporal discounting and scores on an inhibition test in participants with manifest HD, but not in those with premanifest HD or in control participants. DISCUSSION We suggest that, when making decisions, patients with manifest HD may have difficulties with suppressing the temptation of smaller, but immediate, rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), F-44000, Nantes, France.
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, 41 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 44093, Nantes, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Faculté de Psychologie, LPPL - Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Université Nantes, Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, BP 81227, 44312, Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - Marie Caillaud
- University of Texas, Clinical Neuroscience Lab, 108 East Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ahmed Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Philippe Allain
- Département de Neurologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL EA 4638 SFR Confluences, UNIV Angers, Nantes Université, Maison de la recherche Germaine Tillion, 5 bis Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
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23
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Hamza EA, Moustafa AA, Tindle R, Karki R, Nalla S, Hamid MS, El Haj M. Effect of APOE4 Allele and Gender on the Rate of Atrophy in the Hippocampus, Entorhinal Cortex, and Fusiform Gyrus in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 19:CAR-EPUB-130079. [PMID: 36892120 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230309113749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and fusiform gyrus are brain areas that deteriorate during early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ApoE4 allele has been identified as a risk factor for AD development, is linked to an increase in the aggregation of amyloid ß (Aß) plaques in the brain, and is responsible for atrophy of the hippocampal area. However, to our knowledge, the rate of deterioration over time in individuals with AD, with or without the ApoE4 allele, has not been investigated. METHOD In this study, we, for the first time, analyze atrophy in these brain structures in AD patients with and without the ApoE4 using the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. RESULTS It was found that the rate of decrease in the volume of these brain areas over 12 months was related to the presence of ApoE4. Further, we found that neural atrophy was not different for female and male patients, unlike prior studies, suggesting that the presence of ApoE4 is not linked to the gender difference in AD. CONCLUSION Our results confirm and extend previous findings, showing that the ApoE4 allele gradually impacts brain regions impacted by AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eid Abo Hamza
- Faculty of Education, Department of Mental Health, Tanta University, Egypt
- College of Education, Humanities & Social Sciences, Al Ain University, UAE
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Richard Tindle
- Department of Psychology, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rasu Karki
- Department of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2214, Australia
| | - Shahed Nalla
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ. Angers., Nantes, F-44000, France
- Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Bd Jacques Monod,Nantes, F44093, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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24
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El Haj M, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C, Guerrero Sastoque L, Lenoble Q, Moustafa AA, Chapelet G, Sarda E, Ndobo A. How Do Women and Men Look at the Past? Large Scanpath in Women during Autobiographical Retrieval—A Preliminary Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030439. [PMID: 36979249 PMCID: PMC10046846 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While research has consistently demonstrated how autobiographical memory triggers visual exploration, prior studies did not investigate gender differences in this domain. We thus compared eye movement between women and men while performing an autobiographical retrieval task. We invited 35 women and 35 men to retrieve autobiographical memories while their gaze was monitored by an eye tracker. We further investigated gender differences in eye movement and autobiographical specificity, that is, the ability to retrieve detailed memories. The analysis demonstrated shorter fixations, larger duration and amplitude of saccades, and higher autobiographical specificity in women than in men. The significant gender differences in eye movement disappeared after controlling for autobiographical specificity. When retrieving autobiographical memory, female participants generated a large scan with short fixation and high saccade amplitude, while male participants increased their fixation duration and showed poorer gaze scan. The large saccades in women during autobiographical retrieval may constitute an exploratory gaze behavior enabling better autobiographical memory functioning, which is reflected by the larger number of autobiographical details retrieved compared to men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes Université, 44000 Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire in Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, 44093 Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75000 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Lina Guerrero Sastoque
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes Université, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Quentin Lenoble
- Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire in Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Guillaume Chapelet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire in Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Elisa Sarda
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes Université, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - André Ndobo
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes Université, 44000 Nantes, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little research has investigated decision making in patients with Korsakoff syndrome (KS). Specifically, to our knowledge, there is a lack of research investigating whether patients with KS may tend to prefer immediate over future rewards (i.e., temporal discounting). Further, we investigated the relationship between temporal discounting and inhibition. METHODS We, for the first time, invited patients with KS and control participants to perform a temporal discounting task, in which they answered questions probing preferences between an immediate, but smaller amount of money, and a delayed, but larger amount of money (e.g., "would you prefer 10 dollars today or 50 dollars after one month?"). Furthermore, inhibition was measured using the Stroop Colour Word Test. RESULTS Analysis demonstrated higher temporal discounting in patients with KS than in control participants. Temporal discounting in both populations was significantly correlated with inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Patients with KS may have difficulties to suppress the temptation of smaller, but immediate, rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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26
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA, Robin F, Chapelet G. The recombined memory: associative inference in Alzheimer's disease. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:1005-1013. [PMID: 36853506 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associative inference refers to an adaptive ability that allows flexible recombination of information acquired during previous experiences to make new connections that they have not directly experienced. This cognitive ability has been widely associated with the hippocampus. AIMS We investigated associative inference in patients with Alzheimer's disease and control participants. METHODS The task has two phases. In the training phase, participants learned to encode overlapping pairs of objects (AB + BC). In the test phase, participants were invited to retrieve previously see associations (i.e., AB, BC) as well as novel associations between the previously exposed objects (i.e., AC). In addition, we test the relationship between associative inference and cognitive flexibility. RESULTS Analysis demonstrated lower associative inference in AD patients than in control participants. Interestingly, performance on the associative inference task was significantly correlated with low performance on a cognitive flexibility task in AD patients. DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate a compromise of the ability to flexibly combine new representations from prior memories in AD, which is likely related to the hippocampal dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Des Pays de La Loire (LPPL-EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, 44000, Nantes, France. .,Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Bd Jacques Monod, 44093, Nantes, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Frédérique Robin
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Des Pays de La Loire (LPPL-EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Guillaume Chapelet
- Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Bd Jacques Monod, 44093, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Inserm CIC04, Nantes, France
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27
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El Haj M, Ndobo A, Moustafa AA, Allain P. "What Did I Tell This Sad Person?": Memory for Emotional Destinations in Korsakoff's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051919. [PMID: 36902708 PMCID: PMC10003535 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated destination memory, defined as the ability to remember to whom a piece of information was previously transmitted, for emotional destinations (i.e., a happy or sad person) in Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). We asked patients with KS and control participants to tell facts to neutral, positive, or negative faces. On a subsequent recognition task, participants had to decide to whom they told each fact. Compared with control participants, patients with KS demonstrated lower recognition of neutral, emotionally positive, and emotionally negative destinations. Patients with KS demonstrated lower recognition of emotionally negative than for emotionally positive or neutral destinations, but there were no significant differences between recognition of neutral and emotionally positive destinations. Our study demonstrates a compromised ability to process negative destinations in KS. Our study highlights the relationship between memory decline and impaired emotional processing in KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL-EA 4638), Faculté de Psychologie, Nantes Université, Chemin la Censive du Tertre—BP 81227, CEDEX 3, 44312 Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, 59200 Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75000 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| | - André Ndobo
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL-EA 4638), Faculté de Psychologie, Nantes Université, Chemin la Censive du Tertre—BP 81227, CEDEX 3, 44312 Nantes, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, School of Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
| | - Philippe Allain
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL EA 4638), SFR Confluences, Maison de la Recherche Germaine Tillion, Université d’Angers, 5 bis Boulevard Lavoisier, CEDEX 01, 49045 Angers, France
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Gautier J, El Haj M. Eyes don't lie: Eye movements differ during covert and overt autobiographical recall. Cognition 2023; 235:105416. [PMID: 36821995 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
In everyday life, autobiographical memories are revisited silently (i.e., covert recall) or shared with others (i.e., overt recall), yet most research regarding eye movements and autobiographical recall has focused on overt recall. With that in mind, the aim of the current study was to evaluate eye movements during the retrieval of autobiographical memories (with a focus on emotion), recollected during covert and overt recall. Forty-three participants recalled personal memories out loud and silently, while wearing eye-tracking glasses, and rated these memories in terms of mental imagery and emotional intensity. Analyses showed fewer and longer fixations, fewer and shorter saccades, and fewer blinks during covert recall compared with overt recall. Participants perceived more mental images and had a more intense emotional experience during covert recall. These results are discussed considering cognitive load theories and the various functions of autobiographical recall. We theorize that fewer and longer fixations during covert recall may be due to more intense mental imagery. This study enriches the field of research on eye movements and autobiographical memory by addressing how we retrieve memories silently, a common activity of everyday life. More broadly, our results contribute to building objective tools to measure autobiographical memory, alongside already existing subjective scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gautier
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, F44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, F44000 Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, F44300, Nantes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES While there is a large body of research on falls and their consequences in older adults, little is known about how older adults remember them. We addressed this gap by inviting older adults to remember falls and control memories. METHODS We analyzed specificity of memories and invited participants to rate emotional valence, mental time travel, visual imagery, importance, and rehearsal, as experienced during retrieval. RESULTS Although analysis demonstrated no significant differences between memories of falls and control memories regarding specificity, participants rated memories of falls as more negative than control memories. Furthermore, they rated memories of falls as triggering higher mental time travel, higher visual imagery, higher importance, and higher rehearsal than control memories. CONCLUSIONS The negative emotional valence of memories of falls, as well as their ability to trigger significant levels of mental time travel, visual imagery, importance, and rehearsal, demonstrate how these memories are different from other memories in older adults. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The findings demonstrate how falls can modulate memory of personal events in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Gallouj
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
| | - Emin Altintas
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Laboratoire PSITEC, Psychologie: Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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El Haj M, Boudoukha AH, Moustafa AA, Gallouj K, Altintas E. "I Will Be Healthy": Ideal Self in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:775-781. [PMID: 36721486 PMCID: PMC9837731 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Within the concept of the self, a distinction can be made between ideal self (i.e., what would like to become) and feared self (i.e., what would not like to become in the future). Objective We investigated ideal self and feared self in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have also measured these self-related processes in relation to depression and anxiety. Methods We invited 31 patients with mild AD and 35 control participants to decide whether they would consider the statement (e.g., I will be healthy) as a representation that they would like to acquire (i.e., ideal self) or to avoid (i.e., feared self). Results Analysis demonstrated that more participants assigned the "I will be healthy" statement to ideal self than to feared self, and this tendency was observed in both AD participants and controls. Less depression and anxiety were observed in participants who have assigned the "I will be healthy" statement to their ideal self compared to those who assigned this statement to their feared self, and this was observed in both AD participant and control groups. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that AD patients tend to endorse positive health traits and to integrate these traits into their ideal self. AD patients tend to endorse health-related images that are associated with hopes when projecting into their future self. This positive projection into the self may create a motivational force (e.g., aspirations and hopes) to embody the "healthy" self that AD patients desire to be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes, France,CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Nantes, France,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Abdel Halim Boudoukha
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia,Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karim Gallouj
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
| | - Emin Altintas
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France,Laboratoire PSITEC – Psychologie:Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
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El Haj M, Lenoble Q, Moustafa AA. The pupil and myself: pupil dilation during retrieval of self-defining memories. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:5259-5265. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA, Robin F. “Remember to take your medication”: Prospective memory in Korsakoff’s syndrome. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:272-280. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2110574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
- Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Frédérique Robin
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
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El Haj M, Allain P, Boutoleau Bretonnière C, Chapelet G, Antoine P, Gallouj K. Empathy of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) toward other AD patients. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:293-301. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2110573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Allain
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL EA 4638 SFR Confluences, UNIV Angers, Nantes Université, Maison de la recherche Germaine Tillion, Angers Cedex 01, France
- Département de Neurologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Guillaume Chapelet
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Pascal Antoine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 SCALab - Sciences Cognitives Et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Karim Gallouj
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
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El Haj M, Allain P, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C, Chapelet G, Antoine P, Gallouj K. “Who will I be?”: The future of the self as described by Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 46:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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El Haj M, Robin F. The fabricated past: intentionally fabricated autobiographical memories in Alzheimer's disease. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2022; 27:273-288. [PMID: 35125060 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2022.2036114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated intentionally fabricated autobiographical memories in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). METHOD We invited AD patients and control participants to construct real events as well as fabricated events describing fictitious personal events that occurred in the past. RESULTS Results demonstrated slower retrieval time for intentionally fabricated memories than for real ones in both AD patients and control participants. The analysis also showed similar vividness for intentionally fabricated memories and real ones in AD patients but lower vividness for intentionally fabricated memories than for real ones in control participants. CONCLUSIONS The slow retrieval time of intentionally fabricated memories may be attributed to the cognitive effort required to retrieve elements from autobiographical memory and edit them to construct a new memory. We suggest that the vividness of intentionally fabricated memories observed in AD may induce confusion with real memories. In addition to the experimental approach of our study, we offer a theoretical rationale for intentionally fabricated autobiographical memories by situating them in the wider context of different facets of false memories in AD (e.g. confabulations, source monitoring errors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France.,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Robin
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
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Altintas E, Boudoukha AH, Karaca Y, Lizio A, Luyat M, Gallouj K, El Haj M. Fear of COVID-19, emotional exhaustion, and care quality experience in nursing home staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 102:104745. [PMID: 35714475 PMCID: PMC9169422 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing home staff have been adversely impacted throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, facing difficulties in providing patient care. The aim of this study was to explore health workers' perception regarding their own care quality experience in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Amidst the second wave of the pandemic, we investigated the relationships between fear of COVID-19 and care quality experiences in nursing homes with emotional exhaustion (EE) as a mediating role. We hypothesized that EE is associated with fear of COVID-19 and care quality experience among nursing home staff. Furthermore, we predicted that EE would mediate the relationships between fear of COVID-19 and care quality experience. METHODS During the second wave of COVID-19 (October to December 2020), we administered surveys to a large sample of 129 French nursing home staff with a mean age of 38.47 ± 10.31 who were directly and repeatedly exposed to COVID-19. We assessed their emotional exhaustion (EE) and care quality experience in the workplace via subjective indicators using self-reported scales. RESULTS In the context of COVID-19, low to severe emotional exhaustion levels were found among nursing home staff, and these levels were associated with care quality experience as well as fear of COVID-19. The groups with low and severe levels of EE reported the highest levels of fear of COVID-19. The groups with moderate and severe levels of EE reported the lowest levels of care quality experience. Lastly, the relationships between fear of COVID-19 and care quality experience were mediated by EE. CONCLUSIONS The findings made by the present study focused on the role of emotional coping responses to COVID-19. EE was associated positively with fear of COVID-19 and negatively with care quality experience. Furthermore, EE was found to mediate the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and care quality experience. We discuss these findings as they relate to palliative care issues in nursing homes and the manner in which emotional exhaustion ought to be addressed among nursing home staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Altintas
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie : Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Unité de Gériatrie, Tourcoing, France.
| | - Abdel-Halim Boudoukha
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Yasemin Karaca
- Centre Hospitalier de Roubaix, Service de Pédiatrie, Roubaix, France
| | - Andréa Lizio
- Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Unité de Gériatrie, Tourcoing, France
| | - Marion Luyat
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie : Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Karim Gallouj
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie : Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Unité de Gériatrie, Tourcoing, France
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Unité de Gériatrie, Tourcoing, France; Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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El Haj M, Kapogiannis D, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C. Pupillometry as an index for cognitive processing in behavioral variant FrontoTemporal Dementia: a series of case studies. Neurocase 2022; 28:270-275. [PMID: 35767773 PMCID: PMC9474719 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2022.2094809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether pupil size can variate with the intensity of cognitive processing in patients with behavioral-variant-Frontotemporal-Dementia (bvFTD). We invited five bvFTD participants and 21 controls to perform forward spans and backward spans, and, in a control condition, to count aloud. We recorded pupil activity using eye-tracking-glasses during the spans and control condition. Analysis demonstrated larger pupil sizes during backward spans than during forward spans, and larger pupil sizes during forward spans than during counting in both bvFTD and control participants. These findings demonstrate how increased cognitive load triggers increased pupil size and how this connection is maintained in bvFTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, LPPL, Nantes, France.,Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
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El Haj M, Allain P, Antoine P, Chapelet G, Kapogiannis D, Boutoleau-bretonnière C, Gallouj K. "My sympathetic clinician": perception of sympathy by patients with Alzheimer's disease increases when asked to provide autobiographical memories. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1295-1301. [PMID: 35091969 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-02056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Autobiographical memory serves to recall past personal experiences and share them with others, promoting social bonding and communication. In this study, we investigated whether encouraging patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) to share autobiographical memories during formal neuropsychological testing may boost the patient-clinician relationship, and more specifically, the neuropsychologist's level of sympathy as perceived by patients. METHODS We invited patients with mild AD to perform neuropsychological testing in two conditions. In one condition, we invited patients to retrieve and share two autobiographical memories after testing, while in a control condition, the testing session ended without asking patients to retrieve and share any autobiographical memories. After the two conditions, patients were invited to rate the neuropsychologist's level of sympathy towards them. RESULTS Analysis demonstrated that patients perceived a higher level of sympathy when their neuropsychologist invited them to retrieve and share past personal experiences. DISCUSSION By inviting patients with AD to retrieve past personal experiences, clinicians can promote a sense of sharing, create a social bond and, consequently, enhance the therapeutic relationship. In other words, by inviting patients with AD to share autobiographical memories, clinicians can promote a "social glue" with their patients, boosting mutual sympathy and patients' well-being.
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El Haj M, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C, Allain P, Kapogiannis D, Chapelet G, Gallouj K. On Covid-19 and mental health: An observational study on depression, anxiety, and loneliness during the second lockdown in patients with Alzheimer disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29145. [PMID: 35550463 PMCID: PMC9276420 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While visiting and socialization restrictions during lockdowns were instituted to cope with the Covid-19 spread and to prolong the life of residents of retirement homes, these measures could have been expected to decrease the quality of life of their residents.We assessed longitudinal effects of the two successive lockdowns, as implemented in France, on mental health (i.e., depression, anxiety, and loneliness) in 62 retirement home residents with Alzheimer disease (AD).Analysis demonstrated higher levels of depression, anxiety, and loneliness during the second lockdown than during the first lockdown.The increased levels of depression, anxiety, and loneliness during the second lockdown can be attributed to the longer duration of the restrictive measures, especially the restriction of visits, that were implemented in retirement homes. In addition, the increased workload of geriatric healthcare workers leading to higher levels of burnout and decreased quality of care may help explain the increased loneliness, depression, and anxiety of retirement home residents with AD, which were observed during the second Covid-19 era lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL—EA 4638), Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Claire Boutoleau-Bretonnière
- CHU Nantes, Inserm CIC04, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Département de Neurologie, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et Recherche, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Allain
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL EA 4638, SFR Confluences, UNIV Angers, Nantes Université, Maison de la Recherche Germaine Tillion, 5 bis Boulevard Lavoisier, Angers Cedex 01, France
- Département de Neurologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Guillaume Chapelet
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, Nantes, France
| | - Karim Gallouj
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
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El Haj M, Chapelet G, Moustafa AA, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C. Pupil size as an indicator of cognitive activity in mild Alzheimer's disease. EXCLI J 2022; 21:307-316. [PMID: 35382454 PMCID: PMC8977451 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that pupil activity indexes cognitive processing. For instance, research has consistently demonstrated that the pupil reacts to working memory span task performance. However, little is known about pupil reaction to cognitive processing in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We thus investigated whether span tasks can modulate pupil size in patients with AD. We invited 24 patients with AD and 24 healthy older adults to perform backward and forward spans, as well as to count aloud in a control condition, while their pupil activity was recorded with eye tracking glasses. In patients with AD, analysis demonstrated larger pupil size during backward spans (M = 2.12, SD = .39) than during forward spans (M = 1.98, SD = .36) [t(23) = 3.22, p = .004], larger pupil size during forward spans than during counting (M = 1.67, SD = .33) [t(23) = 4.75, p < .001], as well as larger pupil size during backward spans than during counting [t(23) = 10.60, p < .001]. In control participants, analysis demonstrated larger pupil size during backward spans (M = 3.36, SD = .49) than during forward spans (M = 2.85, SD = .68) [t(23) = 5.82, p < .001], larger pupil size during forward spans than during counting (M = 2.09, SD = .62) [t(23) = 5.42, < .001], as well as larger pupil size during backward spans than during counting [t(23) = 9.70, p < .001]. Results also demonstrated a significant interaction effect between groups and conditions [F(2,92) = 16.63, p < .001]; in other words, patients with AD have shown fewer variations on the pupil size across the conditions compared to the control participants. The larger pupil size during backward spans, compared with forward spans or counting, can be attributed to the high cognitive load of backward spans. The modulation of pupil size, as observed across backward/forward spans and counting, can possibly be attributed to sympathetic/adrenergic and parasympathetic/cholinergic activities. Our study demonstrates the value of pupillometry as a potential biomarker of cognitive processing in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ. Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), F-44000 Nantes, France,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Mohamad El Haj, Faculté de Psychologie, LPPL – Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Université de Nantes, Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, BP 81227, 44312 Nantes Cedex 3, France, E-mail:
| | - Guillaume Chapelet
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, F44093, Nantes, France,Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia,Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Boutoleau-Bretonnière C, Lamy E, El Haj M. Increased Pupil Size during Future Thinking in a Subject with Retrograde Amnesia. Brain Sci 2022; 12:115. [PMID: 35053858 PMCID: PMC8773609 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has assessed pupil size during past thinking in patients with retrograde amnesia. Building on this research, we assessed pupil size during future thinking in a retrograde amnesia patient. To this end, we measured pupil size during past and future thinking in L, a 19-year-old, right-handed man free of neurological/psychiatric disorders except for retrograde amnesia that occurred after an episode of fugue. During a past thinking condition, we invited L to retrieve retrograde events (i.e., events that occurred before amnesia) and anterograde events (i.e., events that occurred after amnesia). During a future thinking condition, we invited him to imagine events that might occur the following week, the following month, and in the new year. Past and future thinking occurred while L's pupil size was monitored with eye-tracking glasses. L demonstrated higher specificity during future than during past thinking. Critically, the results demonstrated a larger pupil size during future than during past thinking. The larger pupil size during future thinking observed in L can be attributed to the high cognitive load involved in future thinking. Our study not only demonstrates preserved future thinking in a patient with dissociative retrograde amnesia, but also shows that pupillometry can be used for the physiological assessment of future thinking in retrograde amnesia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Boutoleau-Bretonnière
- CHU de Nantes, Inserm CIC04, 44000 Nantes, France; (C.B.-B.); (E.L.)
- CHU de Nantes, Department of Neurology, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et Recherche, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Estelle Lamy
- CHU de Nantes, Inserm CIC04, 44000 Nantes, France; (C.B.-B.); (E.L.)
- CHU de Nantes, Department of Neurology, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et Recherche, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, 44000 Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, 59200 Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75000 Paris, France
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Mayelle A, Hazebrouck C, El Haj M, Mograbi DC, Antoine P. Awareness for People With Alzheimer’s Disease: Profiles and Weekly Trajectories. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:781426. [PMID: 35095469 PMCID: PMC8792992 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.781426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To understand awareness and fluctuations of awareness in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), it is fruitful to consider the objects of awareness, e.g., cognitive functioning or recognition of the disease, as well as the mechanisms and modes of expression underlying awareness. With a holistic and discourse-centered approach, we aimed to identify different awareness profiles and test whether these profiles were stable or whether transitions from one profile to another occurred over short time intervals. Methods: Twenty-eight residents of nursing homes with a diagnosis of AD participated in four semistructured interviews at biweekly intervals. These interviews were cluster analyzed to determine profiles of awareness. A Markov chain was applied to model their fluctuation. Results: Five awareness profiles were observed that differed in terms of objects and underlying processes. Awareness proved to be quite stable for four of the five profiles. Interindividual variability in awareness was also observed through numerous different trajectories that were identified. Discussion: Self-awareness and disease awareness are characterized by profiles that vary subtly between individuals. Fluctuations in awareness underscore the need to employ assessment intervals that closely reflect daily life in institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Mayelle
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193—SCALab—Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Capucine Hazebrouck
- Etablissements Pour Personnes Âgées Dépendantes La Colombe, Roncq and L’Orée du Monde, Halluin, France
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL—EA 4638), Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Daniel C. Mograbi
- Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal Antoine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193—SCALab—Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: Pascal Antoine,
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El Haj M, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C, Gallouj K, Allain P, Antoine P. Neuropsychological assessment of patients with alzheimer's Disease in the presence or absence of spouses. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2022:1-6. [PMID: 35007449 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.2023811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A common question in the neuropsychological testing of patients with Alzheimer's Disease is whether or not patients should be tested in the presence of their spouses. We addressed this issue by assessing the neuropsychological performances of Alzheimer's Disease patients in the presence or absence of spouses. Results showed no significant differences between patients' performances in the presence or absence of spouses on tests assessing general cognitive abilities, episodic memory, working memory, inhibition and flexibility. No significant differences were observed regarding either anxiety or depression in patients when tested alone, compared to when spouses were attending. However, patients demonstrated higher verbal fluency when tested alone compared to when spouses attended. Clinicians may carry out neuropsychological assessment in the presence or absence of spouses, except when assessing verbal fluency. In such cases, clinicians should privilege testing patients alone or, if spouses attend the test, take into account this variable when interpreting patients' performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Unité de Gériatrie, Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Karim Gallouj
- Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Unité de Gériatrie, Tourcoing, France
| | - Philippe Allain
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL EA 4638, SFR Confluences, UNIV Angers, Nantes Université, Maison de la recherche Germaine Tillion, Angers Cedex 01
- Département de Neurologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
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El Haj M. Destination memory: Memory associated with social interactions. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1061275. [PMID: 36896027 PMCID: PMC9989778 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1061275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the field of memory research, studies on destination memory (e.g., the ability to remember to whom information was previously told) show how it is closely associated with social cognition. The present review thus summarizes the literature on destination memory and demonstrates how it involves social interaction. It offers a comprehensive picture of the many factors that may influence destination memory and distinguishes factors related to the recipient (e.g., familiarity, emotional states, and distinctiveness/attractiveness) and sender of information (e.g., the sender's extroversion) in social communications. It suggests that destination memory involves the ability of the sender to infer the cognitive/affective state of the recipient and to attribute the output message to a recipient-related stereotype. Extrovert senders may also easily remember the destination as they typically value social communication, public sharing and processing of social information. Destination memory also involves features such as familiarity, age, emotional state, distinctiveness, and attractiveness of the recipient. By offering a comprehensive framework of how destination memory functions in everyday life interactions, the present review shows how destination memory is intimately associated with communicative efficacy and social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL-EA 4638), Nantes Université, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Nantes, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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El Haj M, Antoine P. Reduced contextual information during future thinking in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 18:876-883. [PMID: 34915836 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666211216101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the ability of patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) to produce "when, where, and who" information during future thinking. METHODS AD patients and control participants were invited to imagine future scenarios. Future thinking was analyzed with respect to the number of "when, where, and who" details. Analysis showed fewer "when, where, and who" details in AD participants than in control participants. Fewer "when" than "where" details and fewer "where" than "who" details were observed in AD and control participants. RESULTS Production of temporal information in participants with AD was found to be associated with general cognitive functioning, as assessed with the Mini Mental State Exam. Future thinking in AD is mainly associated with reduced contextual information. CONCLUSION The diminished ability to construct time-related details during future thinking in AD can be mainly associated with the diminished general cognitive ability in AD, and probably with hippocampal compromise in the disease. We also propose a socio-emotional account according to which, confronted with a limited-time perspective during future thinking, AD patients may tend to maximize their emotional well-being by avoiding time-related information and thinking about friends, family and beloved ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Université Angers, Nantes Université, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), F-44000, Nantes. France
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El Haj M, Larøi F, Gallouj K. Hallucinations and Covid-19: Increased Occurrence of Hallucinations in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease During Lockdown. Psychiatr Q 2021; 92:1531-1539. [PMID: 34089149 PMCID: PMC8178053 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-021-09927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of lockdown, as implemented by retirement homes to cope with the spread of Covid-19, on hallucinatory experiences in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study included 47 patients with AD living in retirement homes and who were already experiencing hallucinations prior to the lockdown. We invited caregivers to rate hallucinatory experiences in these patients during the lockdown, and compared this rating with that provided by the same caregivers prior to the lockdown. Results demonstrated increased hallucinatory experiences in patients with AD during the lockdown, compared with before the lockdown. The decrease in social and physical activities during the lockdown, and especially, the physical separation of residents from family members, might have led to decreased sensory stimulation and increased loneliness, and consequently, to the hallucinatory experiences in patients with AD living in retirement homes during the lockdown. While the restrictive measures were necessary to cope with the spread of Covid-19, these measures have increased hallucinations in patients with AD living in retirement homes, at least in those who were already experiencing hallucinations prior to the lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie Des Pays de La Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), 44000, Nantes, France. .,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Frank Larøi
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Center of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Karim Gallouj
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
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El Haj M, Allain P, de Bont L, Ndobo A. High Destination Memory for Emotionally Incongruent Information. The American Journal of Psychology 2021. [DOI: 10.5406/amerjpsyc.134.4.0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This article investigates the effect of emotion on destination memory. Participants were asked to tell neutral, positive, and negative information to neutral, positive, and negative faces. Afterward, participants were asked to remember to whom each piece of information was previously told. Results demonstrated high destination memory when the positive face was associated with negative information than with positive information. Results also demonstrated high destination memory when the negative face was associated with positive information than with negative information. These findings are attributed to the emotional incongruence between information and its destination. When positive or negative information is presented, one may expect that the listener would experience the same emotional state. Violation of this expectation seems to result in a high retention of the context in which the violation has occurred and consequently in a high destination memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes Université
| | - Philippe Allain
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes Université
| | - Leslie de Bont
- Centre de Recherche sur les Identités, les Nations et l’Interculturalité, Université de Nantes
| | - André Ndobo
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes Université
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El Haj M, Robin F. Repeated recall on source misattribution in Alzheimer's disease. Memory 2021; 29:1354-1361. [PMID: 34607535 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1985521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the effect of repeated recall on item memory and source monitoring in Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD patients and controls were instructed to either look at or imagine items. They then had to either retrieve the items without indicating their source in three consecutive free recall tests, or to remember the source of the retrieved items in three consecutive source tests. Results showed a significant increase in item memory across all three free recall tests and all three source monitoring tests in control participants, but not in AD patients. More source misattributions were observed in AD patients and controls in the third source test than in the first and second tests. The absence of beneficial effect of repeated recall on item memory in AD patients may be attributed to compromise in memory consolidation processes, while the increase in source misattributions due to repetitions may be attributed to the inflation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France.,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Robin
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
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Lenoble Q, El Haj M. “Look at Me” – Eye Movements During Autobiographical Retrieval in Face-to-Face Interactions. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. There has been a surge in social cognition and social neurosciences research comparing laboratory and real eye movements. Eye movements during the retrieval of autobiographical memories (i.e., personal memories) in laboratory situations are also receiving more attention. We compared eye movements during the retrieval of autobiographical memories using a strict laboratory design versus a design mimicking social interactions. In the first design, eye movements were recorded during autobiographical memory retrieval while participants were looking at a blank screen; in the second design, participants wore eye-tracking glasses and communicated autobiographical memories to the experimenter. Compared with the “screen” design, the “glasses” design yielded more fixations ( p < .05), shorter duration of fixations ( p < .001), more saccades ( p < .01), and longer duration of saccades ( p < .001). These findings demonstrate how eye movements during autobiographical memory retrieval differ between strict laboratory design and face-to-face interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Lenoble
- UMR 9193 – SCALab – Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, CNRS, CHU Lille, University of Lille, France
- U1172 – LilNCog – Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, CHU Lille, University of Lille, France
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL – EA 4638), University of Angers, Nantes University, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because memory decline is the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), an important endeavor for both clinicians and researchers is to improve memory performances in AD. This can be pursued by olfactory stimulation of memory in patients with AD and by studying the effects of olfactory stimulation on autobiographical memory (i.e., memory for personal information). The effects of olfactory stimulation on autobiographical memory in patients with mild AD have been reported by recent research. We thus provide the first comprehensive overview of research on odor-evoked autobiographical memory in AD. We also establish the basis for solid theoretical analysis concerning the memory improvement reported by research on odor-evoked autobiographical memory in AD. METHOD We examined literature on odor-evoked autobiographical memories in AD and propose the "OdAMA" (Odor-evoked Autobiographical Memory in Alzheimer's disease) model. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION According to OdAMA model, odor exposure activates involuntary access to specific autobiographical memories, which promotes enhanced experience subjective of retrieval in patients with AD and improves their ability to construct not only recent and remote events but also future ones. The OdAMA model could serve as a guide for researchers and clinicians interested in odor-evoked autobiographical memory in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes F-44000, France.,Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Unité de Gériatrie, Tourcoing, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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