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Shokoohi G, Badali H, Ahmadi B, Satoh K, Nouripour-Sisakht S, Nikaeen M, Gramishoar M, Jalalizand N, Kianipour S, Mirhendi H, Makimura K. Isolation and molecular characterization of clinical and environmental dematiaceous fungi and relatives from Iran. Curr Med Mycol 2021; 7:1-8. [PMID: 35528626 PMCID: PMC9006730 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.3.7798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The frequency and genetic diversity of black fungi in environmental and clinical settings have not been fully studied in Iran. This study aimed to identify and evaluate intra- and inter-species DNA sequence variation and also understand the phylogenetic relationships of melanized fungi and relatives isolated from different geographical regions of Iran. Materials and Methods: In total, 111 clinical and environmental strains of dematiaceous fungi were isolated, and their internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA (rDNA) regions were sequenced and analyzed. Results: An inter-species nucleotide sequence diversity rate of 1 to 464 nucleotides was observed between the species. Intra-species differences were found in the strains of
Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Alternaria tenuissima, Curvularia spicifera, Aureobasidium pullulans, Curvularia hawaiiensis, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Alternaria
terricola, Alternaria chlamydospora, Didymella glomerata, and Drechslera dematioidea by 0–59, 0–22, 0–4, 0–4, 0–3, 0–2, 0–2, 0–2, 0–2, 0–1, and 0–1 nucleotide, respectively. Conclusion: The internal transcribed spacer rDNA is useful for the discrimination of several taxa of dematiaceous fungi. However, a better understanding of the taxonomy of species of Alternaria requires a larger rDNA region or a library of other gene sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Shokoohi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- Zoonosis Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Hamid Badali
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Bahram Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Kazuo Satoh
- General Medical Education and Research Center, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mahnaz Nikaeen
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Gramishoar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nilufar Jalalizand
- 0 National Institute of Health Research Isfahan Health Research Station, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Kianipour
- 1 Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine and Reference Mycology Laboratory , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- 1 Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine and Reference Mycology Laboratory , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Koichi Makimura
- 2 Medical Mycology, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Shokoohi GR, Ansari S, Abolghazi A, Gramishoar M, Nouripour-Sisakht S, Mirhendi H, Makimura K. The first case of fingernail onychomycosis due to Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility. J Mycol Med 2019; 30:100920. [PMID: 31892498 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Onychomycosis is considered a fungal nail infection caused mainly by dermatophytes, yeasts and non-dermatophyte molds including dematiaceous fungi. Onychomycosis caused by non-dermatophyte molds is a health problem in the medical environment as the patients frequently return to outpatient clinics seeking new therapeutic modalities. Here, we report the first case of onychomycosis caused by a black fungus, Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, in the right hand finger nail of a 52-year-old Iranian female with no history of immunodeficiency and underlying disease. The pattern of nail involvement was recognized as total dystrophic onychomycosis. Examination of nail scrapings with potassium hydroxide revealed brown, septate and branching sub-hyaline to dark-colored hyphae. The black fungus isolated in culture was identified as Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae by molecular analysis. The patient received oral terbinafine plus ciclopirox nail lacquer twice a week and began responding to the treatment three months after initial antifungal therapy. Additional four weeks' use of terbinafine plus ciclopirox nail lacquer completely resolved the clinical manifestations of onychomycosis. After four months, both microscopy and culture were negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Shokoohi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - S Ansari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Abolghazi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - M Gramishoar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Nouripour-Sisakht
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - H Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - K Makimura
- Medical Mycology, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Adimi P, Hashemi SJ, Mahmoudi M, Mirhendi H, Shidfar MR, Emmami M, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Gramishoar M, Kordbacheh P. In-vitro Activity of 10 Antifungal Agents against 320 Dermatophyte Strains Using Microdilution Method in Tehran. Iran J Pharm Res 2013; 12:537-45. [PMID: 24250660 PMCID: PMC3813282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophyte fungi are the etiologic agents of skin infections commonly referred to as ringworm. These infections are not dangerous but as a chronic cutaneous infections they may be difficult to treat and can also cause physical discomfort for patients. They are considered important as a public health problem as well. No information is available regarding the efficacy of antifungal agents against dermatophytes in Tehran. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the efficacy of 10 systemic and topical antifungal medications using CLSI broth microdilution method (M38-A). The antifungal agents used included griseofulvin, terbinafine, itraconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, clotrimazole, ciclopirox olamine, amorolfine and naftifine.Fifteen different species of dermatophytes which were mostly clinical isolates were used as follows; T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, E. floccosum, M. canis, T. verrucosum, T. tonsurans, M. gypseum, T. violaceum, M. ferruginum, M. fulvum, T. schoenleinii, M. racemosum, T. erinacei, T. eriotrephon and Arthroderma benhamiae. The mean number of fungi particles (conidia) inoculated was 1.25 ×10⁴ CFU/mL. Results were read after 7 days of incubation at 28 °C. According to the obtained results,itraconazole and terbinafine showed the lowest and fluconazole had the greatest MIC values for the most fungi tested. Based on the results, it is necessary to do more research and design a reliable standard method for determination of antifungal susceptibility to choose proper antibiotics with fewer side effects and decrease antifungal resistance and risk of treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Adimi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Jamal Hashemi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Mahmoudi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Shidfar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masood Emmami
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Gramishoar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parivash Kordbacheh
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding author: E-mail:
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