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Stastny K, Hodkovicova N, Jerabek M, Petren M, Viskova M, Papouskova A, Bartejsova I, Putecova-Tosnerova K, Charvatova M, Zouharova M, Matiaskova K, Nedbalcova K. Dosage Optimisation of Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole for the Treatment of an Avian Pathogenic Strain of Escherichia coli in Broiler Chickens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 13:11. [PMID: 38275321 PMCID: PMC10812532 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on pharmacokinetic studies carried out according to the methodologies defined by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) using mass spectrometry analysis, a new formulation of a veterinary drug for the treatment of broiler chickens is proposed. Currently, the traditional trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole drug used for broilers is applied in a 1:5 ratio, and the recommended dose is 45 mg kg-1 of live weight administered at 24 h intervals for 3 to 5 days. In this study, we propose a novel combination containing similar active substances in a newly established ratio of 1:4, with a recommended dosage of 20 mg kg-1 of live weight administered at 24 h intervals for 3 to 5 days. With this method, the currently recommended dose of the traditional trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole drug used for broilers can be reduced by more than half. The efficacy of the newly designed formulation and dosage of the drug was verified in a bioassay for the treatment of broilers experimentally infected with an avian pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli. In the experiment, we compared the newly designed dosage with the traditional dosage in terms of efficacy and dosage. There were no statistically significant differences between the two drugs in efficacy regarding the survival of chickens after experimental infection or changes in their health status. The experimental results suggest that a significant reduction in the recommended daily dose of drugs containing trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of bacterial infections in broilers is possible and can support the prudent use of antimicrobials, including the limitation of their overuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Stastny
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (N.H.); (I.B.); (K.P.-T.); (M.C.); (M.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Nikola Hodkovicova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (N.H.); (I.B.); (K.P.-T.); (M.C.); (M.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Martin Jerabek
- Tekro, Ltd., Visnova 484/2, 140 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (M.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Michal Petren
- Tekro, Ltd., Visnova 484/2, 140 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (M.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Michaela Viskova
- Tekro, Ltd., Visnova 484/2, 140 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (M.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Aneta Papouskova
- Institute of Infection Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences, Palackeho 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Iva Bartejsova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (N.H.); (I.B.); (K.P.-T.); (M.C.); (M.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Kristina Putecova-Tosnerova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (N.H.); (I.B.); (K.P.-T.); (M.C.); (M.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Michaela Charvatova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (N.H.); (I.B.); (K.P.-T.); (M.C.); (M.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (N.H.); (I.B.); (K.P.-T.); (M.C.); (M.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Katarina Matiaskova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (N.H.); (I.B.); (K.P.-T.); (M.C.); (M.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Katerina Nedbalcova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (N.H.); (I.B.); (K.P.-T.); (M.C.); (M.Z.); (K.M.)
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Nedbalcova K, Bzdil J, Papouskova A, Zouharova M, Matiaskova K, Stastny K, Sladecek V, Senk D, Petr M, Stolar P. Pathotypes and Phenotypic Resistance to Antimicrobials of Escherichia coli Isolates from One-Day-Old Chickens. Pathogens 2023; 12:1330. [PMID: 38003794 PMCID: PMC10675333 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to describe the pathotypes of Escherichia coli strains isolated from one-day-old chickens, as well as the occurrence of resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) in these strains. A total of 429 mixed swabs from 4290 one-day-old chicks were examined between August 2021 and July 2023 (24 months) during routine point-of-destination inspections at 12 poultry farms in the Czech Republic. All samples were processed via cultivation methods using meat-peptone blood agar and Mc Conkey agar under aerobic conditions at 37 ± 1 °C for 18-24 h. The identification of the strains was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. All confirmed strains of E. coli were screened via single or multiplex PCRs for the presence of genes encoding the virulence-associated factors iroN, cvaC, iss, felA, iutA, frz and tsh. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) method, focusing on ampicillin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole. A total of 321 E. coli strains (prevalence of 74.8%) were isolated, and 300 isolates were defined as avian pathogenic strains of E. coli (APEC) via multiplex PCR. Based on the defined virulence genes, the isolates were classified into 31 pathotypes. A total of 15.9% of the tested isolates were susceptible to all the tested antimicrobials. On the other hand, 20.5% of the isolates were identified as multidrug-resistant (8.7% of isolates were resistant to three antimicrobials, 7.3% to four antimicrobials, 3.6% to five antimicrobials and 0.9% to six antimicrobials). Monitoring pathogenic strains of E. coli in different animals and in the environment makes it possible to understand their spread in animal and human populations and, at the same time, reveal the sources of virulence and resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Nedbalcova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Jaroslav Bzdil
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Aneta Papouskova
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences, Palackeho 1–3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Katarina Matiaskova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Kamil Stastny
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Vladimir Sladecek
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (P.S.)
| | - David Senk
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Matej Petr
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Petr Stolar
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (P.S.)
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Vydra Bousova K, Zouharova M, Jiraskova K, Vetyskova V. Interaction of Calmodulin with TRPM: An Initiator of Channel Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15162. [PMID: 37894842 PMCID: PMC10607381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) channels, a subfamily of the TRP superfamily, constitute a diverse group of ion channels involved in mediating crucial cellular processes like calcium homeostasis. These channels exhibit complex regulation, and one of the key regulatory mechanisms involves their interaction with calmodulin (CaM), a cytosol ubiquitous calcium-binding protein. The association between TRPM channels and CaM relies on the presence of specific CaM-binding domains in the channel structure. Upon CaM binding, the channel undergoes direct and/or allosteric structural changes and triggers down- or up-stream signaling pathways. According to current knowledge, ion channel members TRPM2, TRPM3, TRPM4, and TRPM6 are directly modulated by CaM, resulting in their activation or inhibition. This review specifically focuses on the interplay between TRPM channels and CaM and summarizes the current known effects of CaM interactions and modulations on TRPM channels in cellular physiology.
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Zouharova M, Nedbalcova K, Matiaskova K, Slama P, Matiasovic J. Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Resistance Genes in Streptococcus uberis Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in the Czech Republic. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1527. [PMID: 37887228 PMCID: PMC10604623 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is one of the most important causative agents of mastitis and is a common reason for the use of antimicrobials in dairy cows. In this study, we assessed the antimicrobial susceptibility of 667 S. uberis isolates originating from 216 Czech dairy farms collected between 2019 and 2023 using the broth microdilution method. We tested 140 of the isolates for the presence of antimicrobial genes using whole-genome sequencing and evaluated their relationship with phenotypic resistance. Streptococcus uberis isolates showed high levels of resistance to tetracycline (59%), followed by streptomycin (38%) and clindamycin (29%). Although all of the isolates were susceptible to beta-lactams, a relatively high percentage of intermediately susceptible isolates was recorded for ampicillin (44%) and penicillin (18%). The isolates were mainly resistant to tetracycline alone (31.3%); the second most frequent occurrence of the phenotypic profile was simultaneous resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, and clindamycin (16.6%). The occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes did not always match the phenotypic results; in total, 36.8% of isolates that possessed the ant(6)-Ia gene did not show phenotypic resistance to streptomycin. To a lesser extent, silent genes were also detected in clindamycin and tetracycline. This study confirmed the high susceptibility of S. uberis to penicillins used as first-line antimicrobials for S. uberis mastitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zouharova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (K.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Katerina Nedbalcova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (K.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Katarina Matiaskova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (K.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Petr Slama
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Matiasovic
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (K.M.); (J.M.)
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Bzdil J, Sladecek V, Senk D, Stolar P, Waicova Z, Kollertova N, Zouharova M, Matiaskova K, Linhart P, Nedbalcova K. Enterococci Isolated from One-Day-Old Chickens and Their Phenotypic Susceptibility to Antimicrobials in the Czech Republic. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1487. [PMID: 37887187 PMCID: PMC10603836 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study describes the prevalence and spectrum of enterococci isolated from one-day-old chickens in the Czech Republic, their level of antimicrobial resistance, and the occurrence of multiresistance. Over a 24-month period from 1 August 2021 to 31 July 2023, a total of 464 mixed samples of one-day-old chicken organs were examined during routine inspections at 12 randomly selected poultry farms in the Czech Republic. The samples were processed via cultivation methods and suspected strains were confirmed using the MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry method. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the MIC method for eight antimicrobials. A total of 128 isolates (prevalence of 27.6%) representing 4 species of enterococci were isolated, including Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, and Enterococcus hirae, with prevalence rates of 23.3%, 1.5%, 2.2%, and 0.6%, respectively. Susceptibility tests showed a high percentage of susceptible strains among E. faecalis, E. faecium, and E. gallinarum for penicillin-based antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim, and florfenicol (80-100% susceptible strains). E. hirae was an exception, displaying complete resistance to enrofloxacin (0% susceptible strains) and a high degree of resistance to other tested antimicrobials (33.3% susceptible strains). Among the isolated strains, a total of 16 isolates (12.5%) showed resistance to 3 or more antimicrobials. Complete resistance to all eight antimicrobials simultaneously was observed in four isolates (3.1%). This research shows the possible sources of pathogenic enterococci and their virulence and resistance genes. The findings hold relevance for both veterinary and human medicine, contributing to a better understanding of enterococcal circulation in the human ecosystem and food chain, as well as the development of their resistance and multiresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Bzdil
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Vladimir Sladecek
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.)
| | - David Senk
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Petr Stolar
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Zuzana Waicova
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Nela Kollertova
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Katarina Matiaskova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Petr Linhart
- Institute of Animal Protection and Welfare and Public Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences, Palackeho 1–3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Katerina Nedbalcova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.M.)
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Vetyskova V, Zouharova M, Bousova K. Production of recombinant human ameloblastin by a fully native purification pathway. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 198:106133. [PMID: 35750297 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ameloblastin (Ambn) is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) with a specific function of forming heterogenous homooligomers. The oligomeric function is led through a specific sequence encoded by exon 5 of Ambn. Due to the IDP character of Ambn to form oligomers, protein purification is subject to many challenges. Human ameloblastin (AMBN) and its two isoforms, I and II have already been purified as a recombinant protein in a bacterial expression system and functionally characterized in vitro. However, here we present a new purification protocol for the production of native AMBN in its original formation as a homooligomeric heterogeneous IDP. The purification process consists of three chromatographic steps utilizing His-tag and Twin Strep-tag affinity chromatography, along with size exclusion and reverse affinity chromatography. The presented workflow offers the production of AMBN in sufficient yield for in vitro protein characterizations and can be used to produce both AMBN isoforms I and II.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vetyskova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Namesti 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Zouharova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Namesti 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 150 06, Prague 5, V Uvalu 84, Czech Republic
| | - K Bousova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Namesti 2, 16000, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Nedbalcova K, Kucharovicova I, Zouharova M, Matiaskova K, Kralova N, Brychta M, Simek B, Pecha T, Plodkova H, Matiasovic J. Resistance of Streptococcus suis Isolates from the Czech Republic during 2018–2022. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091214. [PMID: 36139993 PMCID: PMC9495191 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A determination of susceptibility/resistance to antimicrobials via serotype was carried out in 506 field isolates of Streptococcus suis, originating from pig farms in the Czech Republic in the period 2018–2022. A very high level of susceptibility of S. suis isolates was found to amoxicillin, in combination with clavulanic acid and sulfamethoxazole potentiated with trimethoprim. None of the tested isolates were resistant to these antimicrobial substances. Only two isolates were found to be intermediately resistant to enrofloxacin in 2020. With regard to ceftiofur, one isolate was intermediately resistant in 2020 and 2022, and two isolates were intermediately resistant in 2018 and 2021. A low level of resistance was detected to ampicillin (0.6% in 2021) and to florfenicol (1.15% in 2019; 1.3% in 2022). With regard to penicillin, a medium level of resistance was detected in 2018 (10.6%), but a low level of resistance was found in the following years (7.0% in 2019; 3.1% in 2020; 3.3% in 2021; 3.9% in 2022). On the contrary, a high or very high level of resistance was found to tetracycline (66.0% in 2018; 65.1% in 2019; 44.35% in 2020; 46.4% in 2021; 54.0% in 2022). Using molecular and serological methods, serotype 7 (16.4%) was determined to be predominant among S. suis isolates, followed by serotypes 1/2, 2, 9, 4, 3, 1, 29, 16, and 31 (10.7%; 8.5%; 5.7%; 5.5%; 4.5%; 4.3%; 3.6%; 3.4%; 3.4%, respectively). Other serotypes were identified among the investigated strains either rarely (up to 10 cases) or not at all. A relatively high percentage of isolates were detected as non-typeable (79 isolates; 15.6%). Dependence of resistance upon serotype assignment could not be proven in all but serotype 31, wherein all isolates (n = 17) were resistant or intermediately resistant to clindamycin, tilmycosin, tulathromycin, and tetracycline. The resistance to clindamycin and tetracycline may be related to the high consumption of these antibiotics on pig farms at present or in previous years. Macrolides (tilmicosin and tulathromycin) and tiamulin are not suitable for the treatment of streptococcal infections, but are used on pig farms to treat respiratory infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, so they were included in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Nedbalcova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Monika Zouharova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Natalie Kralova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Brychta
- State Veterinary Institute, Rantirovska 93, 586 05 Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Bronislav Simek
- State Veterinary Institute, Rantirovska 93, 586 05 Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Pecha
- State Veterinary Institute, Rantirovska 93, 586 05 Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Plodkova
- State Veterinary Institute, Rantirovska 93, 586 05 Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Matiasovic
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Zouharova M, Nedbalcova K, Kralova N, Slama P, Matiaskova K, Matiasovic J. Multilocus Sequence Genotype Heterogeneity in Streptococcus uberis Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in the Czech Republic. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182327. [PMID: 36139187 PMCID: PMC9495201 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bovine mastitis is a serious problem for dairy farmers, resulting in great economic losses. A large number of antimicrobials are used to treat mastitis, contributing to the spread of resistance. Streptococcus uberis is an important environmental pathogen responsible for a significant proportion of subclinical (asymptomatic) and clinical intramammary infections in many countries. This pathogen is present in the environment of cows, colonising multiple body sites of the cow, including the mammary gland. Isolates may produce virulence factors that enable the bacteria to infect the mammary gland, resist the defence mechanisms of the mammary gland, and persist inside the gland. S. uberis isolates differ in virulence and the level of antimicrobial resistance, posing a challenge to controlling S. uberis infection. Therefore, it is necessary to study the biology and genetics of this pathogen to be able to help farmers and veterinarians to implement effective targeted measures against S. uberis mastitis. Abstract The ubiquitous occurrence and high heterogeneity of Streptococcus uberis strains cause difficulties in the development and implementation of effective control strategies in dairy herds. In this study, S. uberis strains from 74 farms, obtained predominantly from subclinical, acute, and chronic recurrent mastitis, as well as from udder surface swabs and milk from healthy udders, were analysed for their genetic diversity using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Isolates were tested for the presence of the genes encoding the virulence factors using polymerase chain reaction. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using a microdilution assay including 14 antimicrobials. The virulence profiles and antimicrobial (AMR) profiles of the isolates were assembled and the overall heterogeneity was evaluated. Among the 124 isolates, 89 MLST genotypes, 7 different virulence profiles, and 12 AMR profiles were identified. The large number of different MLST allelic profiles in this study points to the high heterogeneity of strains in dairy herds in the Czech Republic. Isolates of a certain MLST genotype may possess a different set of virulence factor genes. We detected up to three different resistance profiles within a single MLST genotype. The results of our study showed that fully susceptible isolates coexisted with resistant or even multiresistant isolates in the same herd. Multiple genotypes within a herd were detected on many farms (up to seven MLST genotypes and four AMR profiles in one herd). This heterogenic population structure might suggest that environmental transmission is the predominant route of infection in herds in the Czech Republic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zouharova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Katerina Nedbalcova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Natalie Kralova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slama
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Matiaskova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Matiasovic
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Bousova K, Zouharova M, Herman P, Vymetal J, Vetyskova V, Jiraskova K, Vondrasek J. TRPM5 Channel Binds Calcium-Binding Proteins Calmodulin and S100A1. Biochemistry 2022; 61:413-423. [PMID: 35225608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Melastatin transient receptor potential (TRPM) channels belong to one of the most significant subgroups of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family. Here, we studied the TRPM5 member, the receptor exposed to calcium-mediated activation, resulting in taste transduction. It is known that most TRP channels are highly modulated through interactions with extracellular and intracellular agents. The binding sites for these ligands are usually located at the intracellular N- and C-termini of the TRP channels, and they can demonstrate the character of an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), which allows such a region to bind various types of molecules. We explored the N-termini of TRPM5 and found the intracellular regions for calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) the calmodulin (CaM) and calcium-binding protein S1 (S100A1) by in vitro binding assays. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) of the discovered complexes confirmed their known common binding interface patterns and the uniqueness of the basic residues present in the TRPM binding regions for CaM/S100A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Bousova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Herman
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Vymetal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vetyskova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Jiraskova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Vondrasek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
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Bousova K, Zouharova M, Herman P, Vetyskova V, Jiraskova K, Vondrasek J. TRPM7 N-terminal region forms complexes with calcium binding proteins CaM and S100A1. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08490. [PMID: 34917797 PMCID: PMC8645431 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) represents melastatin TRP channel with two significant functions, cation permeability and kinase activity. TRPM7 is widely expressed among tissues and is therefore involved in a variety of cellular functions representing mainly Mg2+ homeostasis, cellular Ca2+ flickering, and the regulation of DNA transcription by a cleaved kinase domain translocated to the nucleus. TRPM7 participates in several important biological processes in the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Together with the necessary function of the TRPM7 in these tissues and its recently analyzed overall structure, this channel requires further studies leading to the development of potential therapeutic targets. Here we present the first study investigating the N-termini of TRPM7 with binding regions for important intracellular modulators calmodulin (CaM) and calcium-binding protein S1 (S100A1) using in vitro and in silico approaches. Molecular simulations of the discovered complexes reveal their potential binding interfaces with common interaction patterns and the important role of basic residues present in the N-terminal binding region of TRPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Bousova
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author.
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Patobiochemistry, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 150 06 Prague 5, V Uvalu 84, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Herman
- Department Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vetyskova
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Jiraskova
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Vondrasek
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Bzdil J, Zouharova M, Nedbalcova K, Sladecek V, Senk D, Holy O. Oxacillin (Methicillin) Resistant Staphylococci in Domestic Animals in the Czech Republic. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121585. [PMID: 34959540 PMCID: PMC8706185 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of different Staphylococcus species isolated from pathological processes and lesions in domestic animals in the Czech Republic and to detect and describe oxacillin (methicillin)-resistant strains (MRS). During the years 2019–2020, a total of 5218 veterinary clinical samples from the Czech Republic were tested. Testing was performed by culture methods and typing by molecular phenotypic methods MALDI-TOF MS and PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the strains was performed by the disk diffusion method. A total of 854 staphylococci strains were identified (16.37% prevalence), out of which 43 strains of 6 species of staphylococci were MRS (n = 43; 0.82% prevalence). Of the MRS strains, the most prevalent species were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (n = 24; 0.46% prevalence) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 7; 0.13% prevalence). Susceptibility testing showed resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and, depending on the species, also to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, and enrofloxacin. For further characterization of MRS, PCR assay for virulence factor genes was performed. Seven of the 14 target genes were observed only in S. aureus, except for the eno gene encoding laminin-binding protein, which was also detected in other staphylococci. It is necessary to emphasize the issue of correct using of antimicrobials in practice and antibiotic policy in university teaching and to create stricter legislation that would prevent the widespread use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine, especially in livestock to reduce the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Bzdil
- Ptacy s.r.o., Valasska Bystrice 194, 75627 Valasska Bystrice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute Brno, Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.N.)
| | - Katerina Nedbalcova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute Brno, Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.N.)
| | - Vladimir Sladecek
- Ptacy s.r.o., Valasska Bystrice 194, 75627 Valasska Bystrice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.)
| | - David Senk
- Ptacy s.r.o., Valasska Bystrice 194, 75627 Valasska Bystrice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Ondrej Holy
- Science and Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-585632818
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Bousova K, Bednarova L, Zouharova M, Vetyskova V, Postulkova K, Hofbauerová K, Petrvalska O, Vanek O, Tripsianes K, Vondrasek J. The order of PDZ3 and TrpCage in fusion chimeras determines their properties-a biophysical characterization. Protein Sci 2021; 30:1653-1666. [PMID: 33969912 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most of the structural proteins known today are composed of domains that carry their own functions while keeping their structural properties. It is supposed that such domains, when taken out of the context of the whole protein, can retain their original structure and function to a certain extent. Information on the specific functional and structural characteristics of individual domains in a new context of artificial fusion proteins may help to reveal the rules of internal and external domain communication. Moreover, this could also help explain the mechanism of such communication and address how the mutual allosteric effect plays a role in a such multi-domain protein system. The simple model system of the two-domain fusion protein investigated in this work consisted of a well-folded PDZ3 domain and an artificially designed small protein domain called Tryptophan Cage (TrpCage). Two fusion proteins with swapped domain order were designed to study their structural and functional features as well as their biophysical properties. The proteins composed of PDZ3 and TrpCage, both identical in amino acid sequence but different in composition (PDZ3-TrpCage, TrpCage-PDZ3), were studied using circualr dichroism (CD) spectrometry, analytical ultracentrifugation, and molecular dynamic simulations. The biophysical analysis uncovered different structural and denaturation properties of both studied proteins, revealing their different unfolding pathways and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Bousova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bednarova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vetyskova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Postulkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hofbauerová
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Olivia Petrvalska
- Department of Structural Biology of Signalling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Vanek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiri Vondrasek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Putecova K, Nedbalcova K, Bartejsova I, Zouharova M, Matiaskova K, Stastny K. Mass spectrometric identification and quantification of the antibiotic clavulanic acid in broiler chicken plasma and meat as a necessary analytical tool in finding ways to increase the effectiveness of currently used antibiotics in the treatment of broiler chickens. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3561-3571. [PMID: 33851228 PMCID: PMC8105215 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Clavulanic acid is a molecule with antimicrobial effect used in several livestock species treatment. Its inclusion in the treatment of infectious diseases of broilers requires determination of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters in order to determine the appropriate dosage for broilers and ensure safety of chicken products for human health. The present study describes the optimisation of analytical LC-MS/MS method for identification and quantification of clavulanic acid in broiler chicken plasma and meat. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification for the developed method were 3.09 μg·L−1 and 10.21 μg·L−1 for plasma and 2.57 μg·kg−1 and 8.47 μg·kg−1 for meat. The recoveries of the developed plasma and tissue extraction procedure were > 105.7% and > 95.6%, respectively. The achieved coefficient of variation of within-run precision ranged from 2.8 to 10.9% for plasma and from 6.5 to 8.5% for meat. The pharmacokinetic experiment was performed in 112 Ross broiler chickens assigned into time interval groups ranging from 10 min to 24 h in accredited animal facilities. Administered dose of clavulanic acid was 2.5 mg·kg−1 according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from the experiment are as follows: Cmax = 1.82 ± 0.91 mg·L−1, Tmax = 0.25 h, T1/2 = 0.87 h, Kel = 0.80 ± 0.04 h−1, AUC0-∞ = 2.17 mg·h ·L−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Putecova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Iva Bartejsova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kamil Stastny
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
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14
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Bousova K, Barvik I, Herman P, Hofbauerová K, Monincova L, Majer P, Zouharova M, Vetyskova V, Postulkova K, Vondrasek J. Mapping of CaM, S100A1 and PIP2-Binding Epitopes in the Intracellular N- and C-Termini of TRPM4. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4323. [PMID: 32560560 PMCID: PMC7352223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular determinants of the binding of various endogenous modulators to transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are crucial for the understanding of necessary cellular pathways, as well as new paths for rational drug designs. The aim of this study was to characterise interactions between the TRP cation channel subfamily melastatin member 4 (TRPM4) and endogenous intracellular modulators-calcium-binding proteins (calmodulin (CaM) and S100A1) and phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2). We have found binding epitopes at the N- and C-termini of TRPM4 shared by CaM, S100A1 and PIP2. The binding affinities of short peptides representing the binding epitopes of N- and C-termini were measured by means of fluorescence anisotropy (FA). The importance of representative basic amino acids and their combinations from both peptides for the binding of endogenous TRPM4 modulators was proved using point alanine-scanning mutagenesis. In silico protein-protein docking of both peptides to CaM and S100A1 and extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations enabled the description of key stabilising interactions at the atomic level. Recently solved cryo-Electron Microscopy (EM) structures made it possible to put our findings into the context of the entire TRPM4 channel and to deduce how the binding of these endogenous modulators could allosterically affect the gating of TRPM4. Moreover, both identified binding epitopes seem to be ideally positioned to mediate the involvement of TRPM4 in higher-order hetero-multimeric complexes with important physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Bousova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (P.M.); (M.Z.); (V.V.); (K.P.); (J.V.)
| | - Ivan Barvik
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.B.); (P.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Petr Herman
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.B.); (P.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Kateřina Hofbauerová
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.B.); (P.H.); (K.H.)
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Monincova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (P.M.); (M.Z.); (V.V.); (K.P.); (J.V.)
| | - Pavel Majer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (P.M.); (M.Z.); (V.V.); (K.P.); (J.V.)
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (P.M.); (M.Z.); (V.V.); (K.P.); (J.V.)
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vetyskova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (P.M.); (M.Z.); (V.V.); (K.P.); (J.V.)
| | - Klara Postulkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (P.M.); (M.Z.); (V.V.); (K.P.); (J.V.)
| | - Jiri Vondrasek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (P.M.); (M.Z.); (V.V.); (K.P.); (J.V.)
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Slama P, Kabourkova E, Sladek Z, Zavadilova T, Kratochvilova L, Kharkevich K, Roychoudhury S, Pavlik A, Roztocilova A, Uhrincat M, Tancin V, Kimura K, Konecny R, Kiku Y, Watanabe A, Kwak JY, Zouharova M. Effect of Lipopolysaccharide and Muramyl Dipeptide on Apoptosis of Bovine Mammary Gland Lymphocytes. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060990. [PMID: 32517153 PMCID: PMC7341217 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inflammation of the mammary gland in dairy cattle is a global problem and causes huge financial loss to dairy farmers. Inflammation is caused by many species of bacteria penetrating through the teat canals into the udder. Those bacteria are usually eliminated by treatment with intramammary injection of antibiotics, while they are also eliminated by the immune cells of the cow. One of the immune cells are lymphocytes which are responsible for specific immunity. When viable, they are able to carry out their normal functions. The present study focused on the investigation of cell death of lymphocytes during bovine mammary gland inflammation. We analyzed apoptosis in mammary gland lymphocytes under the stimulation of lipopolysaccharides and muramyl dipeptide as the endotoxin of Gram-negative bacteria and the natural content of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. We found that they induce lymphocyte apoptosis in the early phase of inflammation, which can be associated with the expression of CD44 receptors on lymphocytes. This receptor is important in many physiological processes, including apoptosis of cells. For a better understanding of immune responses in mammary glands and for developing of immunotherapy without antibiotics, the process of inflammation, including cell death of immune cells necessitates further holistic studies. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate whether apoptosis of lymphocytes is modulated by stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli or muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Cell populations were obtained by lavaging of the mammary glands 24, 48, 72, and 168 h following intramammary induced inflammation. The portion of apoptotic lymphocytes peaked at 48 h after treatment with LPS or MDP. The analysis of CD44 expression of the same cell populations showed a higher percentage of CD44-positive lymphocytes 24- and 48-h following induction of inflammation by LPS or MDP. The results demonstrate that during both experimental infection of bovine mammary glands with LPS or MDP, apoptosis of lymphocytes was induced in the initial phase of the inflammatory response and CD44 was also overexpressed at the beginning of inflammation. These data suggest a connection of lymphocyte apoptosis with the expression of CD44 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eliska Kabourkova
- Department of Animal Origin Food and Gastronomic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Zbysek Sladek
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Terezie Zavadilova
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Lucie Kratochvilova
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Kristina Kharkevich
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Shubhadeep Roychoudhury
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788 011, India
| | - Ales Pavlik
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Roztocilova
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Michal Uhrincat
- NPPC-Research Institute for Animal Production, Hlohovecka 2, 951 41 Luzianky, Slovakia; (M.U.); (V.T.)
| | - Vladimir Tancin
- NPPC-Research Institute for Animal Production, Hlohovecka 2, 951 41 Luzianky, Slovakia; (M.U.); (V.T.)
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan;
| | - Roman Konecny
- Department of Animal Husbandry Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Studentska 1668, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Yoshio Kiku
- Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-0045, Japan; (Y.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-0045, Japan; (Y.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Jong-Young Kwak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
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Krutova M, Zouharova M, Matejkova J, Tkadlec J, Krejčí J, Faldyna M, Nyc O, Bernardy J. The emergence of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 078 in piglets in the Czech Republic clusters with Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 078 isolates from Germany, Japan and Taiwan. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:770-775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Zouharova M, Rysanek D. Multiplex PCR and RPLA Identification ofStaphylococcus aureusEnterotoxigenic Strains From Bulk Tank Milk. Zoonoses Public Health 2008; 55:313-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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