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Kroese A, Alam M, Hernlund E, Berthet D, Tamminen LM, Fall N, Högberg N. 3D pose estimation to detect posture transition in free-stall housed dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00755-0. [PMID: 38642651 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Free stall comfort is reflected in various indicators, including the ability for dairy cattle to display unhindered posture transition movements in the cubicles. To ensure farm animal welfare, it is instrumental for the farm management to be able to continuously monitor occurrences of abnormal motions. Advances in computer vision have enabled accurate kinematic measurements in several fields such as human, equine and bovine biomechanics. An important step upstream to measuring displacement during posture transitions is to determine that the behavior is accurately detected. In this study, we propose a framework for detecting lying to standing posture transitions from 3D pose estimation data. A multi-view computer vision system recorded posture transitions between Dec. 2021 and Apr. 2022 in a Swedish stall housing 183 individual cows. The output data consisted of the 3D coordinates of specific anatomical landmarks. Sensitivity of posture transition detection was 88.2% while precision reached 99.5%. Analyzing those transition movements, breakpoints detected the timestamp of onset of the rising motion, which was compared with that annotated by observers. Agreement between observers, measured by intra-class correlation, was 0.85 between 3 human observers and 0.81 when adding the automated detection. The intra-observer mean absolute difference in annotated timestamps ranged from 0.4s to 0.7s. The mean absolute difference between each observer and the automated detection ranged from 1.0s to 1.3s. There was a significant difference in annotated timestamp between all observer pairs but not between the observers and the automated detection, leading to the conclusion that the automated detection does not introduce a distinct bias. We conclude that the model is able to accurately detect the phenomenon of interest and that it is equatable to an observer.
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Johansson-Pajala RM, Alam M, K Gusdal A, Marmstål Hammar L, Boström AM. Trust and easy access to home care staff are associated with older adults' sense of security: a Swedish longitudinal study. Scand J Public Health 2024:14034948241236830. [PMID: 38517103 DOI: 10.1177/14034948241236830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM Older adults are increasingly encouraged to continue living in their own homes with support from home care services. However, few studies have focused on older adults' safety in home care. This study explored associations between the sense of security and factors related to demographic characteristics and home care services. METHODS The mixed longitudinal design was based on a retrospective national survey. The study population consisted of individuals in Sweden (aged 65+ years) granted home care services at any time between 2016 and 2020 (n=82,834-94,714). Multiple ordinal logistic regression models were fitted using the generalised estimation equation method to assess the strength of relationship between the dependent (sense of security) and independent (demographics, health and care-related factors) variables. RESULTS The sense of security tended to increase between 2016 and 2020, and was significantly associated with being a woman, living outside big cities, being granted more home care services hours or being diagnosed/treated for depression (cumulative odds ratio 2-9% higher). Anxiety, poor health and living alone were most strongly associated with insecurity (cumulative odds ratio 17-64% lower). Aside from overall satisfaction with home care services, accessibility and confidence in staff influenced the sense of security most. CONCLUSIONS We stress the need to promote older adults' sense of security for safe ageing in place, as mandated by Swedish law. Home care services profoundly influence older adults' sense of security. Therefore, it is vital to prioritise continuity in care, establish trust and build relationships with older adults. Given the increasing shortage of staff, integrating complementary measures, such as welfare technologies, is crucial to promoting this sense of security.
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Ilyas M, Rahman A, Khan NH, Haroon M, Hussain H, Rehman L, Alam M, Rauf A, Waggas DS, Bawazeer S. Analysis of Germin-like protein genes family in Vitis vinifera (VvGLPs) using various in silico approaches. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e256732. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.256732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Germin-like proteins (GLPs) play an important role against various stresses. Vitis vinifera L. genome contains 7 GLPs; many of them are functionally unexplored. However, the computational analysis may provide important new insight into their function. Currently, physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, domain architectures, 3D structures, N-glycosylation & phosphorylation sites, and phylogeney of the VvGLPs were investigated using the latest computational tools. Their functions were predicted using the Search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins (STRING) and Blast2Go servers. Most of the VvGLPs were extracellular (43%) in nature but also showed periplasmic (29%), plasma membrane (14%), and mitochondrial- or chloroplast-specific (14%) expression. The functional analysis predicted unique enzymatic activities for these proteins including terpene synthase, isoprenoid synthase, lipoxygenase, phosphate permease, receptor kinase, and hydrolases generally mediated by Mn+ cation. VvGLPs showed similarity in the overall structure, shape, and position of the cupin domain. Functionally, VvGLPs control and regulate the production of secondary metabolites to cope with various stresses. Phylogenetically VvGLP1, -3, -4, -5, and VvGLP7 showed greater similarity due to duplication while VvGLP2 and VvGLP6 revealed a distant relationship. Promoter analysis revealed the presence of diverse cis-regulatory elements among which CAAT box, MYB, MYC, unnamed-4 were common to all of them. The analysis will help to utilize VvGLPs and their promoters in future food programs by developing resistant cultivars against various biotic (Erysiphe necator and in Powdery Mildew etc.) and abiotic (Salt, drought, heat, dehydration, etc.) stresses.
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Hammar LM, Alam M, Eklund C, Boström AM, Lövenmark A. Clarity and adaptability of instructions preventing the spread of the COVID-19 virus and its association with individual and organisational factors regarding the psychosocial work environment: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1312. [PMID: 38017458 PMCID: PMC10683104 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Sweden, older people in residential care had the highest mortality rates, followed by those who received home care, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Staff working in the care of older people assumed responsibility for preventing the spread of the virus despite lacking the prerequisites and training. This study aimed to investigate the psychosocial work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic among staff in the care of older people and examine the factors associated with staff's perceptions of the clarity of instructions and the ability to follow them. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was employed using a web survey. The staff's perceptions of their psychosocial environment were analysed using descriptive statistics. The association between organisational and individual factors, as well as the degree of clarity of the instructions and the staff's ability to follow them, were assessed using multivariate (ordinal) regression analysis. RESULTS The main findings show that perceptions of the clarity and adaptability of the instructions were primarily correlated with organisational factors, as higher responses (positive) for the subscales focusing on role clarity, support and encouragement in leadership at work were associated with the belief that the instructions were clear. Similarly, those indicating high job demands and high individual learning demands were less likely to report that the instructions were clear. Regarding adaptability, high scores for demands on learning and psychological demands were correlated with lower adaptability, while high scores for role clarity, encouraging leadership and social support, were associated with higher adaptability. CONCLUSIONS High job demands and individual learning demands were demonstrated to decrease the staff's understanding and adoption of instructions. These findings are significant on an organisational level since the work environment must be prepared for potential future pandemics to promote quality improvement and generally increase patient safety and staff health.
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Stefanovic A, Matic N, Ritchie G, Lowe CF, Leung V, Hull M, Alam M, Dawar M, Champagne S, Romney MG. Multidrug-Resistant Shigella sonnei Bacteremia among Persons Experiencing Homelessness, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1668-1671. [PMID: 37486309 PMCID: PMC10370870 DOI: 10.3201/eid2908.230323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased invasive bloodstream infections caused by multidrug resistant Shigella sonnei were noted in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, during 2021-2023. Whole-genome sequencing revealed clonal transmission of genotype 3.6.1.1.2 (CipR.MSM5) among persons experiencing homelessness. Improvements in identifying Shigella species, expanding treatment options for multidrug resistant infections, and developing public health partnerships are needed.
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Horesh E, Gherardini J, Alam M, Kassir R, Chéret J, Paus R. 562 Neuroendocrinology of human scalp hair follicles: Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) stimulates hair growth and controls a fully functional intrafollicular hypothalamic-pituitary-somatotropic (HPS) signaling axis. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Johansson-Pajala RM, Alam M, Gusdal A, Heideken Wågert PV, Löwenmark A, Boström AM, Hammar LM. Anxiety and loneliness among older people living in residential care facilities or receiving home care services in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:927. [PMID: 36456904 PMCID: PMC9714409 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03544-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older people were subjected to significant restrictions on physical contacts with others during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social distancing impacts older people's experiences of anxiety and loneliness. Despite a large body of research on the pandemic, there is little research on its effects on older people in residential care facilities (RCF) and in home care services (HCS), who are the frailest of the older population. We aimed to investigate the effect of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in March-May 2020 on experiences of anxiety and loneliness among older people living in RCF or receiving HCS and the impact of the progression of the pandemic on these experiences. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional design using data from the national user satisfaction survey (March - May 2020) by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. Survey responses were retrieved from 27,872 older people in RCF (mean age 87 years) and 82,834 older people receiving HCS (mean age 84 years). Proportional-odds (cumulative logit) model was used to estimate the degree of association between dependent and independent variables. RESULTS Loneliness and anxiety were more prevalent among the older persons living in RCF (loneliness: 69%, anxiety: 63%) than those receiving HCS (53% and 47%, respectively). Proportional odds models revealed that among the RCF and HCS respondents, the cumulative odds ratio of experiencing higher degree of anxiety increased by 1.06% and 1.04%, respectively, and loneliness by 1.13% and 1.16%, respectively, for 1% increase in the COVID-19 infection rate. Poor self-rated health was the most influential factor for anxiety in both RCF and HCS. Living alone (with HCS) was the most influential factor affecting loneliness. Experiences of disrespect from staff were more strongly associated with anxiety and loneliness in RCF than in HCS. CONCLUSION Older people in RCF or receiving HCS experienced increasing levels of anxiety and loneliness as the first wave of the pandemic progressed. Older people' mental and social wellbeing should be recognized to a greater extent, such as by providing opportunities for social activities. Better preparedness for future similar events is needed, where restrictions on social interaction are balanced against the public health directives.
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Borg J, Alam M, Boström AM, Marmstål Hammar L. Experiences of Assistive Products and Home Care among Older Clients with and without Dementia in Sweden. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12350. [PMID: 36231646 PMCID: PMC9566229 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose was to compare selection, use and outcomes of assistive products among older home care clients with and without dementia in Sweden, and to explore the relations between the use of assistive products and perceptions of home care, loneliness and safety. Self-reported data from 89,811 home care clients aged 65 years or more, of whom 8.9% had dementia, were analysed using regression models. Excluding spectacles, 88.2% of them used assistive products. Respondents without dementia were more likely to use at least one assistive product but less likely to use assistive products for remembering. Respondents with dementia participated less in the selection of assistive products, used less assistive products, and benefited less from them. Users of assistive products were more likely to be anxious and bothered by loneliness, to feel unsafe at home with home care, to experience that their opinions and wishes regarding assistance were disregarded by home care personnel, and to be treated worse by home care personnel. The findings raise concerns about whether the needs for assistive products among home care clients with dementia are adequately provided for. They also indicate a need to strengthen a person-centred approach to providing home care to users of assistive products.
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Rautiainen H, Alam M, Blackwell PG, Skarin A. Identification of reindeer fine-scale foraging behaviour using tri-axial accelerometer data. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2022; 10:40. [PMID: 36127747 PMCID: PMC9490970 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-022-00339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Animal behavioural responses to the environment ultimately affect their survival. Monitoring animal fine-scale behaviour may improve understanding of animal functional response to the environment and provide an important indicator of the welfare of both wild and domesticated species. In this study, we illustrate the application of collar-attached acceleration sensors for investigating reindeer fine-scale behaviour. Using data from 19 reindeer, we tested the supervised machine learning algorithms Random forests, Support vector machines, and hidden Markov models to classify reindeer behaviour into seven classes: grazing, browsing low from shrubs or browsing high from trees, inactivity, walking, trotting, and other behaviours. We implemented leave-one-subject-out cross-validation to assess generalizable results on new individuals. Our main results illustrated that hidden Markov models were able to classify collar-attached accelerometer data into all our pre-defined behaviours of reindeer with reasonable accuracy while Random forests and Support vector machines were biased towards dominant classes. Random forests using 5-s windows had the highest overall accuracy (85%), while hidden Markov models were able to best predict individual behaviours and handle rare behaviours such as trotting and browsing high. We conclude that hidden Markov models provide a useful tool to remotely monitor reindeer and potentially other large herbivore species behaviour. These methods will allow us to quantify fine-scale behavioural processes in relation to environmental events.
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Roos C, Alam M, Swall A, Boström AM, Hammar LM. Factors associated with perceptions of dignity and well-being among older people living in residential care facilities in Sweden. A national cross-sectional study. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e2350-e2364. [PMID: 34877717 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The care of older people living in residential care facilities (RCFs) should promote dignity and well-being, but research shows that these aspects are lacking in such facilities. To promote dignity and well-being, it is important to understand which associated factors to target. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between perceived dignity and well-being and factors related to the attitudes of staff, the care environment and individual issues among older people living in RCFs. A national retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in all RCFs for older people within 290 municipalities in Sweden. All older people 65 years and older (n = 71,696) living in RCFs in 2018 were invited to respond to the survey. The response rate was 49%. The survey included the following areas: self-rated health, indoor-outdoor-mealtime environment, performance of care, attitudes of staff, safety, social activities, availability of staff and care in its entirety. Data were supplemented with additional data from two national databases regarding age, sex and diagnosed dementia. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression models were used to analyse the data. Respondents who had experienced disrespectful treatment, those who did not thrive in the indoor-outdoor-mealtime environment, those who rated their health as poor and those with dementia had higher odds of being dissatisfied with dignity and well-being. To promote dignity and well-being, there is a need to improve the prerequisites of staff regarding respectful attitudes and to improve the care environment. The person-centred practice framework can be used as a theoretical framework for improvements, as it targets the prerequisites of staff and the care environment. As dignity and well-being are central values in the care of older people worldwide, the results of this study can be generalised to other care settings for older people in countries outside of Sweden.
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Dirr M, Christensen R, Anvery N, Merkel E, Worley B, Harikumar V, Lu K, Evans S, Poon E, Alam M. LB984 Intralesional sodium thiosulfate as a reversal agent for calcium hydroxylapatite soft tissue filler: An in vitro and ex vivo comparison. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Christensen R, Harikumar V, Dirr M, Anvery N, Brieva J, Yoo S, Alam M. 244 Risk factors for post-operative surgical site infections: A case-control study. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Alam M, Paul SK, Das BR, Hoque N, Rashid A, Sultana M, Khatun MN, Ahmed S, Nasreen SA, Kobayashi N. Study of Human Brucellosis among Patients with Pyrexia of Unknown Origin by Antibody Detection. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:622-629. [PMID: 35780342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the seropositivity of human brucellosis among the patients suffering from pyrexia of unidentified origin. This cross-sectional study was performed at department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from September 2018 to August 2019; among the patients of pyrexia of unknown origin visited inpatient and outpatient facility of department of Medicine and department of Paediatrics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH) in Mymensingh division of Bangladesh. A total of 400 serum samples were screened by Brucella-specific latex agglutination test to determine seropositivity. Seven percent (7.0%) (28/400) serum samples were found to be seropositive for brucellosis by detecting Brucella-specific antibody at a titer ≥1:160. Therefore, Brucella-specific latex agglutination test may be recommended as a screening test for human brucellosis in developing and underdeveloped countries.
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Roos C, Alam M, Swall A, Boström AM, Hammar LM. Factors associated with older persons' perceptions of dignity and well-being over a three-year period. A retrospective national study in residential care facilities. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:515. [PMID: 35739497 PMCID: PMC9219142 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dignity and well-being are central concepts in the care of older people, 65 years and older, worldwide. The person-centred practice framework identifies dignity and well-being as person-centred outcomes. Older persons living in residential care facilities, residents, have described that they sometimes lack a sense of dignity and well-being, and there is a need to understand which modifiable factors to target to improve this. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between perceptions of dignity and well-being and the independent variables of the attitudes of staff, the indoor-outdoor-mealtime environments, and individual factors for residents over a three-year period. METHODS A national retrospective longitudinal mixed cohort study was conducted in all residential care facilities within 290 municipalities in Sweden. All residents aged 65 years and older in 2016, 2017 and 2018 were invited to responded to a survey; including questions regarding self-rated health and mobility, the attitudes of staff, the indoor-outdoor-mealtime environments, safety, and social activities. Data regarding age, sex and diagnosed dementia/prescribed medication for dementia were collected from two national databases. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression models were used to analyse the data. RESULTS A total of 13 763 (2016), 13 251 (2017) and 12 620 (2018) residents answered the survey. Most of them (69%) were women and the median age was 88 years. The odds for satisfaction with dignity did not differ over the three-year period, but the odds for satisfaction with well-being decreased over time. Residents who rated their health as good, who were not diagnosed with dementia/had no prescribed medication for dementia, who had not experienced disrespectful attitudes of staff and who found the indoor-outdoor-mealtime environments to be pleasant had higher odds of being satisfied with aspects of dignity and well-being over the three-year period. CONCLUSIONS The person-centred practice framework, which targets the attitudes of staff and the care environment, can be used as a theoretical framework when designing improvement strategies to promote dignity and well-being. Registered nurses, due to their core competencies, focusing on person-centred care and quality improvement work, should be given an active role as facilitators in such improvement strategies.
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Ren K, Alam M, Nielsen PP, Gussmann M, Rönnegård L. Interpolation Methods to Improve Data Quality of Indoor Positioning Data for Dairy Cattle. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.896666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Position data from real-time indoor positioning systems are increasingly used for studying individual cow behavior and social behavior in dairy herds. However, missing data challenges achieving reliable continuous activity monitoring and behavior studies. This study investigates the pattern of missing data and alternative interpolation methods in ultra-wideband based real-time indoor positioning systems in a free-stall barn. We collected 3 months of position data from a Swedish farm with around 200 cows. Data sampled for 6 days from 69 cows were used in subsequent analyzes to determine the location and duration of missing data. Data from 20 cows with the most reliable tags were selected to compare the effects of four different interpolation methods (previous, linear interpolation, cubic spline data interpolation and modified Akima interpolation). By comparing the observed data with the interpolations of the simulated missing data, the mean error distance varied from around 55 cm, using the previously last observed position, to around 17 cm for modified Akima. Modified Akima interpolation has the lowest error distance for all investigated activities (rest, walking, standing, feeding). Larger error distances were found in areas where the cows walk and turn, such as the corner between feeding and cubicles. Modified Akima interpolation is expected to be useful in the subsequent analyses of data gathered using real-time indoor positioning systems.
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Khan S, Alam M, Rauf Z, Noreen R, Shah K, Khan A, Ozdemir B, Selamoglu Z. Comparison of Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Hepatitis B, C, and Dual Hepatitis B and C in Northwest Pakistan. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2022; 77:869-879. [PMID: 36284958 PMCID: PMC9548253 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2022.357172.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The leading causes of hepatitis are viral infections, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV). Millions of people have been infected with these deadly viral infections worldwide, and in Pakistan, every tenth person is infected with these viruses. Different populations respond with different rates to infectious diseases due to host genomic differences. To evaluate and compare the biochemical parameters in different types of hepatitis (Hepatitis B, C, and Co-infection) and different ethnic groups, a total of 200 pre-screened patients were recruited from District Headquarters Teaching Hospital Dera Ismail Khan and Tank. Blood samples (5ml) were taken from patients and were assayed for biochemical parameters, including four liver function tests (LFTs) and two renal function tests (RFTs). In 200 patients, the mean scores of Alanine transaminase (ALT) were 376±335, 315±265, and 478±519 IU/L in HBV, HCV, and co-infected patients, respectively. Moreover, the mean score of ALT was 31±7.2 IU/l in the normal control group. All other biochemical parameters demonstrated elevated levels in co-infection, HBV, and HCV, respectively, except total proteins. The RFTs showed a threshold or upper normal limit (UNL); nonetheless, when compared to normal control subjects, RFTs parameters were high in infected patients, as compared to normal control. Ethnicity wise comparison of parameters indicated that Pushtoon ethnic group indicated a high degree of severity of HBV infection and co-infection, as compared to Saraiki and Rajpoot ethnic groups, while Saraiki ethnic group showed a higher severity of HCV than both of Pushtoon and Rajpoot. Rajpoot ethnic group was least affected than both Pushtoon and Saraiki ethnic groups. Co-infected patients were more severely affected, as compared to HBV and HCV patients. The ethnicity-wise study provided evidence that different ethnic groups showed different degrees of severity. There may be some genetic background involved in hepatitis B and C viral infection due to which all three ethnic groups showed different degrees of severity. In gender-wise comparisons, male patients were more affected than female patients.
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Rahman H, Alam M, Moniruzzaman M, Raju MR, Nessa S, Nasrin S, Khuda RE, Islam F. Pattern of Tubercular Uveitis in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:484-489. [PMID: 35383770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ocular tuberculosis is an extra-pulmonary form of systemic Tuberculosis (TB). It is rarely found concomitant with active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). The aim of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the pattern of tubercular uveitis (TBU) in the patients with active PTB who attended in our Uvea clinic at NIO&H from July 2018 to December 2020. Active PTB patients who had uveitis consistent with TBU and TBU patients who were confirmed as active lung lesion were included in the study. Chest X-ray, TST, IGRA (QuantiFERON-TB Gold Test), RT PCR of aqueous fluid for tubercular bacillus, Gene Xpert TB test of sputum were done to confirm the diagnosis of ocular and primary TB. If the induration is 15 mm of TST was considered patient in this study. Among 33 patients of active PTB, 4 had TBU (12.12%). Among 48 patients of TBU, 5 had active PTB (10.41%). 13 eyes of 9 patients were affected. Mean age at presentation was 41.8 years. There were anterior uveitis in 23.00% eyes, posterior uveitis in 69% eyes and panuveitis in 7.00% eyes. Choroidal granuloma was the most common presentation of posterior uveitis (46.00%). There were more than 4 times chance to develop choroidal granuloma in patients with active PTB than extrapulmonary TB (Χ²=4.53, <0.05), TBU patients with choroidal granuloma should be evaluated meticulously for active PTB and active PTB patients should be evaluated routinely by ophthalmologist for the search of TBU.
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Alam M, Etzkorn J, Albertini J, Bordeaux J, Council M, Maher I, Nehal K, Brodland D, Haas A, Kang B, Ibrahim S, Christensen R, Poon E, Worley B. Duration of Acceptable Delay Between the Time of Diagnosis and Treatment of Melanoma, Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Basal Cell Carcinoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:e460-e464. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Roos C, Alam M, Swall A, Boström AM, Hammar L. Factors Associated with Older Peoples′ Perceptions of Dignity and Well-being at Residential Care Facilities. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8682448 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dignity and well-being should be promoted in care of older people living at residential care facilities (RCFs). In addition, care should be person-centred. Dignity and well-being can be interpreted as person-centred outcomes. Older people living at RCFs experience a lack of dignity and well-being. To promote this, it is important to understand the associated factors to target. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between perceived dignity and well-being and factors related to attitudes of staff, the care environment and individual issues (age, gender, self-rated health and dementia) among older people living at RCFs. A national cross-sectional study was conducted retrospectively. All older people 65 years and older (n=71,696) living at RCFs in 2018 were invited to respond to the survey. The survey included the areas: self-rated health, indoor-outdoor-mealtime environment, performance of care, treatment from staff, safety, social activities, availability of staff and care in its entirety. Age, gender and diagnosed dementia were collected from two national databases. Data was analysed using ordinal logistic regression models. The result indicated that respondents who had experienced disrespectful treatment, who did not thrive in the indoor-outdoor-mealtime environment, who rated their health as poor and respondents with dementia had higher odds of being dissatisfied with dignity and well-being. There is a need to improve the prerequisites of staff regarding respectful attitudes and to improve the care environment. The Person-centred Practice framework, targeting the prerequisites of staff and the care environment, can be used as a theoretical framework for designing future improvements.
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Ren K, Nielsen PP, Alam M, Rönnegård L. Where do we find missing data in a commercial real-time location system? Evidence from 2 dairy farms. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:345-350. [PMID: 36337095 PMCID: PMC9623798 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2020-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Data quality was examined in an ultra-wideband–based positioning system. Missing data patterns were examined on 2 dairy farms. Higher proportions of missing data were found along one of the walls on both farms. Our findings have implications for detailed analysis of cow interactions.
Real-time indoor positioning using ultra-wideband devices provides an opportunity for modern dairy farms to monitor the behavior of individual cows; however, missing data from these devices hinders reliable continuous monitoring and analysis of animal movement and social behavior. The objective of this study was to examine the data quality, in terms of missing data, in one commercially available ultra-wideband–based real-time location system for dairy cows. The focus was on detecting major obstacles, or sections, inside open freestall barns that resulted in increased levels of missing data. The study was conducted on 2 dairy farms with an existing commercial real-time location system. Position data were recorded for 6 full days from 69 cows on farm 1 and from 59 cows on farm 2. These data were used in subsequent analyses to determine the locations within the dairy barns where position data were missing for individual cows. The proportions of missing data were found to be evenly distributed within the 2 barns after fitting a linear mixed model with spatial smoothing to logit-transformed proportions (mean = 18% vs. 4% missing data for farm 1 and farm 2, respectively), with the exception of larger proportions of missing data along one of the walls on both farms. On farm 1, the variation between individual tags was large (range: 9–49%) compared with farm 2 (range: 12–38%). This greater individual variation of proportions of missing data indicates a potential problem with the individual tag, such as a battery malfunction or tag placement issue. Further research is needed to guide researchers in identifying problems relating to data capture problems in real-time monitoring systems on dairy farms. This is especially important when undertaking detailed analyses of animal movement and social interactions between animals.
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Mughal M, Kaur I, Waxman S, Gandhi H, Kakadia M, Khakwani Z, Okoh A, Shah K, Obaid A, Sirpal V, Azad S, Jaffery A, Jagdey H, Tawfik I, Alam M. Clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest – an insight from multi-centre data. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In general, rates of in-hospital cardiac arrest are reportedly 9 to 10 arrests per 1000 admissions, with survival rates of approximately 20–25%. Data regarding clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 who received in-hospital CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) are limited. This information can help guide end-of-life care conversations between families and health care workers based on real-world experience.
Purpose
To observe the outcomes (survival to discharged alive from the hospital) in critically sick COVID-19 patients who experienced in-hospital cardiac arrest.
Methods
This is a multi-centre institutional review board (IRB) approved retrospective study. The RT-PCR confirmed adult COVID-19 patients consecutively admitted from March 1st to April 30, 2020, were included. Data were extracted manually using the hospital's electronic medical record. The final date of follow-up to monitor clinical outcomes was January 2021.
Results
A total of 721 patients were admitted to the hospital. Of these, only 64 (8.87%) patients had “no CPR” orders.Cardiac arrest occurred in 141 (19.5%) patients. The mean duration of beginning of resuscitation was less than a minute and the mean duration of CPR was 19 minutes. The median age was 65 years; 62.4% were male. The most common co-morbidities were hypertension (66%) and diabetes mellitus (56%). The initial rhythm was non-shockable in 93.7% of patients [asystole in 48.4% and Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) in 45.3% of patients]. Only six (4.2%) patients had pulseless ventricular tachycardia and three (2.1%) patients had ventricular fibrillation. A total of eight patients (5.6%) survived and were discharged from the hospital; six (4.25%) had non-shockable and two (0.82%) had shockable initial rhythms. The median age of those who survived was 60 years (Figure 1).
Conclusions
Our study showed that critically sick patients with COVID-19 have a high rate of cardiac arrest and poor outcomes in those who received CPR. A non-shockable initial rhythm indicates that non-cardiac reasons might be playing a major role. These include acute respiratory insufficiency, severe sepsis, or multiorgan failure. These data should inform end-of-life care discussions between providers and patients' families.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Alam M, Paul SK, Haque N, Ahmad FU, Mazid R, Al Amin MM, Aziz MA, Paul A, Ahmed S, Nasreen SA, Kobayashi N. Seropositivity of Human Brucellosis among Patients with Pyrexia of Unknown Origin on Both Risk and Non-Risk Group of Individuals and Molecular Detection by Real-time PCR. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:936-942. [PMID: 34605459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that is one of the important infectious causes of Pyrexia of Unknown Origin (PUO). The objective of the present study was to determine the seropositivity and molecular detection of human brucellosis among the patients with pyrexia of unknown origin on both risk and non-risk group of individuals in greater Mymensingh. A total of 400 blood samples were randomly collected from pyretic patients started from September 2018 to August 2019. Questionnaires were used to collect data on both risk and non-risk group of individuals. All samples were initially screened for anti-Brucella antibodies using the Brucella-specific latex agglutination test. For accurate investigation, seropositive as well as seronegative serum samples were tested by BCSP31 Brucella genus-specific TaqMan real-time PCR. Overall 32(8%) cases were positive out of 400 samples by Brucella-specific latex agglutination test and/or BCSP31 Brucella genus-specific real-time PCR. Brucella-specific latex agglutination test documented 7% (28/400) positivity for brucellosis. 22(5.5%) samples found Brucella genus-specific real-time PCR positive out of 400 samples. Most real-time PCR positive cases were found from sero-positive samples of risk group population (15/32). Sero-negative but real-time PCR positive cases also found only from risk group population (4/32). There were 10 seropositive cases where real-time PCR was negative. In addition to Brucella-specific latex agglutination test as a screening test, Brucella genus-specific real-time PCR was performed for confirmation and also to avoid unjustified costs, drug toxicity, and masking of other potentially dangerous diseases.
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Mauricaite R, Le Calvez K, Droney J, Caldano M, Alam M, Williams M. P14.27 Exploring end-of-life care in the GlioCova national brain tumour patient cohort. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab180.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Brain tumours are the leading cause of cancer deaths in the under-40s. Research on end-of-life care, especially in brain tumour patients is rare, yet important to patients and carers. The GlioCova project holds data on all adult brain tumour patients in England diagnosed between 2013 and 2018. Using this linked data set, we performed preliminary analysis on end-of-life care, focusing on treatment close to death and place of death.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We used data from the English National Cancer Registry and identified all patients with a primary CNS tumour (ICD-10: C70, C71, C72) who were diagnosed between 2013 - 2018. We examined demographics, tumour morphology and grade, primary cause of death, treatment received within the last 3 and 1 month of life, and the location of death. For patients with unclear location of death (‘unknown’, ‘other’, ‘NA’), we looked at their final destination of discharge recorded in their last inpatient admission.
RESULTS
We identified 26,239 brain tumour patients of whom 20,715 had died. 41.7% were female and median age was 68 (IQR=19). Most patients had a malignant neoplasm of brain (98.6%), followed by meninges (0.7%) and spinal cord, cranial nerves and other parts of central nervous system (0.7%). The most common primary cause of death was malignant neoplasm (70%). Of the 10,021(48.4%) patients who received radiotherapy at any time between diagnosis and death, 1,341 (6.5%) received it within the last three months of life and 254 (1.3%) received it within the last month of life. Of the 5,957 (28.8%) patients who received chemotherapy, 1,358 (6.6%) started a chemotherapy regimen 3 months and 200 (0.97%) 1 month before death. 36.0% of all patients died at home, 23.8% at hospital, 14.7% in a hospice and 8.8% in a nursing home. For 16.7% of patients with an unclear location of death, the most common destination of discharge during their last hospital admission was usual place of residence (54.5%), non-NHS run Care Home (13.9%), NHS run Care Home (11.2%).
CONCLUSION
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first national analysis of end-of-life care in brain tumour patients. Active treatment towards the end of life and in a hospital deaths appear lower in brain tumour patients than in studies of other cancer groups.
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Piccini I, Brunken L, Chéret J, Ghatak S, Ramot Y, Alam M, Purba TS, Hardman J, Erdmann H, Jimenez F, Paus R, Bertolini M. PPARγ signaling protects hair follicle stem cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:129-141. [PMID: 34496034 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Permanent chemotherapy-induced alopecia (pCIA), for which preventive interventions remain limited, can manifest with scarring. While the underlying pathomechanisms of pCIA are unclear, depletion of epithelial hair follicle (HF) stem cells (eHFSCs) is likely to play a role. OBJECTIVES To explore the hypothesis that eHFSCs undergo pathological epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) besides apoptosis in pCIA, thus explaining the scarring phenotype. Furthermore, we tested whether a PPARγ modulator can prevent pCIA-associated pathomechanisms. METHODS Organ-cultured human scalp HFs were treated with the cyclophosphamide metabolite, 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC). Additionally, HFs were pre-treated with the agnostic PPARγ modulator, N-Acetyl-GED-0507-34-Levo (NAGED), which we had previously shown to promote K15 expression and antagonize EMT in eHFSCs. RESULTS In accordance with anticipated hair bulb cytotoxicity, dystrophy and catagen induction, 4-HC promoted apoptosis along with increased p53 expression, DNA damage and pathological EMT in keratin 15+ (K15) bulge eHFSCs, as evidenced by decreased E-cadherin expression and the appearance of fibronectin- and vimentin-positive cells in the bulge. Pre-treatment with NAGED protected from 4-HC-induced hair bulb cytotoxicity/dystrophy, and halted apoptosis, p53 up-regulation, and EMT in the bulge, thereby significantly preventing the depletion of K15+ human eHFSCs ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS A cyclophosphamide metabolite alone suffices to damage and deplete human scalp eHFSCs by promoting apoptosis, DNA damage, and EMT ex vivo. Therefore, pCIA-therapeutic strategies need to target these pathological processes. Our data introduce the stimulation of PPARγ signaling as a novel intervention strategy for the prevention of pCIA, given the ability of NAGED to prevent chemotherapy-induced eHFSCs damage ex vivo.
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Hajmohammadi E, Molaei T, Mowlaei SH, Alam M, Abbasi K, Khayatan D, Rahbar M, Tebyanian H. Sonodynamic therapy and common head and neck cancers: in vitro and in vivo studies. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 25:5113-5121. [PMID: 34486685 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202108_26522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a complex multi-stage process associated with abnormal oncogenic signals in various signaling pathways. HNSCC (Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) includes the majority of head and neck cancers (HNC). Also, HNSCC indicates a tumors heterogeneous group that derives from the squamous epithelium of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, oral cavity, and larynx. The main cancer management approach contains chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery separately or in combination. Each therapeutic approach has a limitation that influences cancer therapy procedures. Different treatment manners, stimuli-responsive therapeutic methods can improve on-target responses and reduce side effects. Sonodynamic therapy (ST) shows promising potential as an alternative treatment for cancer in the last few years. There is a hypothesis that shows ST using sonosenitizer in combination with low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) could be useful in all kinds of cancer without focusing on specific target proteins, molecules, and/or genes. This review study discussed the application of ST for the treatment, ST mechanisms, and also, advances in the treatment of HNCs approaches in the recent decades.
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Hossain M, Arafat M, Alam M, Hossain M. Effect of solvent types on the antioxidant activity and total flavonoids of some Bangladeshi legumes. FOOD RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.5(4).035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an attempt was made to estimate the antioxidant activity of some popular
Bangladeshi legumes by employing DPPH radical scavenging assay, total phenolic
content (TPC), and ferric reducing antioxidant assay (FRAP). The extraction efficiency
and total flavonoid content (TFC) of hyacinth bean (Lablab niger), kidney bean
(Phaseolus vulgaris), black gram (Vigna radiate), mung bean (Vigna mungo), and green
pea (Pisum sativam) by different solvents were also examined. Extraction was done using
80% acetone, ethanol, and methanol as solvent. The maximum and minimum DPPH
scavenging activity was shown by mung bean (27.67±1.53%) and Hyacinth bean
(4.33±1.53%), respectively using ethanol as solvent. The highest and lowest FRAP value
was recorded 89.60±0.80 μg AAE/mL for green pea and 35.11±1.39 μg AAE/mL for
mung bean, respectively with ethanol solvent. For TPC, green pea with ethanol solvent
showed the highest value (1045.92±21.30 mg GAE/100 g), and mung bean with ethanol
solvent exhibited the lowest value (415.92±1.44 mg GAE/100 g). For TFC, black gram
with ethanol solvent exhibited the highest value (342.21±3.05 mg QE/100 g), while mung
bean with acetone solvent exhibited the lowest value (77.38±0.80 mg QE/100 g).
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Hazratullah, Muhammad A, Alam M, Ahmad I, Jalal A. Role of beneficial microbes with nitrogen and phosphorous levels on canola productivity. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e227703. [PMID: 34287525 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.227703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
A research was conducted to evaluate the impact of various nitrogen and phosphorus levels along with beneficial microbes to enhance canola productivity. The research was carried out at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar in winter 2016-2017. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block factorial design. The study was comprised of three factors including nitrogen (60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1), phosphorous (70, 100 and 130 kg ha-1) and beneficial microbes (with and without BM). A control treatment with no N, P and BM was also kept for comparison. Application of beneficial microbes significantly increased pods plant, seed pod, seed filling duration, 1000 seed weight, biological yield and seed yield as compared to control plots. Nitrogen applied at the rate of 180 kg ha-1 increased pods plant-1, seed pod, seed filling duration, seed weight, biological yield and seed yield. Maximum pods plant-1, seed pod, early seed filling, heavier seed weight, biological yield, seed yield, and harvest index were observed in plots treated with 130 kg.ha-1 phosphorous. As comparison, the combine treated plots have more pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, seed filling duration, heaviest seeds, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index as compared to control plots. It is concluded that application of beneficial microbes with N and P at the rate of 180 kg ha-1 and 130 kg ha-1, respectively, increased yield and its attributes for canola.
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Roy M, Imran M, Alam M, Rahman M. Effect of boiling and roasting on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of dark red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). FOOD RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.5(3).673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of two processing methods (boiling and roasting) on physicochemical qualities
of dark red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) were investigated. Changes in total
polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity due to processing were also analyzed
by using Folin–Ciocaltue method and 1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay,
respectively. Analysis of physicochemical properties exhibited substantial variations
(p<0.05) in the levels of moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, gross energy and pH of
raw and processed beans. Meanwhile, there was no considerable difference (p<0.05) in the
fibre content of fresh and processed beans. Investigation of total phenolic content showed
the significant (p<0.05) reduction of phenolic compounds in boiled (5.53±0.74 mg GAE/
g) and roasted (8.15±1.60 mg GAE/g) beans than raw samples (12.55±1.42 mg GAE/g).
DPPH radical scavenging activity was also decreased significantly (p<0.05) in boiled and
roasted samples with IC50 value of 0.0608±0.0765 mg/mL and 0.0523±0.0026 mg/mL,
respectively. In the case of household cooking, keeping boiling water would be advised
for the preservation of minerals, vitamins and phenolic compounds. The roasting process
may be used to develop high-quality health-promoting dark red kidney bean products.
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Lee MH, Kang BY, Wong CC, Li AW, Naseer N, Ibrahim SA, Keimig EL, Poon E, Alam M. A systematic review of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) for the treatment of acute cutaneous wounds. Arch Dermatol Res 2021; 314:417-425. [PMID: 34047823 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-021-02242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stromal vascular fraction (SVF), derived enzymatically or mechanically from adipose tissue, contains a heterogenous population of cells and stroma, including multipotent stem cells. The regenerative capacity of SVF may potentially be adapted for a broad range of clinical applications, including the healing of acute cutaneous wounds. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the available literature on the efficacy and safety of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) for the treatment of acute cutaneous wounds in humans. METHODS A systematic review of the literature utilizing MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed to identify published clinical trials of autologous adipose-derived SVF or similar ADSC-containing derivatives for patients with acute cutaneous wounds. This was supplemented by searches for ongoing clinical trials through ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. RESULTS 872 records were initially retrieved. Application of inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded 10 relevant studies: two completed non-randomized controlled trials and eight ongoing clinical trials. Both completed studies reported a statistically significant benefit in percentage re-epithelialization and time to healing for the SVF treatment arms. Safety information for SVF was not provided. Ongoing clinical trials were assessing outcomes such as safety, patient and observer reported scar appearance, wound healing rate, and wound epithelization. CONCLUSION In the context of substantial limitations in the quantity and quality of available evidence, the existing literature suggests that SVF may be a useful treatment for acute cutaneous wounds in humans. More clinical trials with improved outcome measures and safety assessment are needed.
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Ibrahim S, Kang B, Schlessinger D, Kurta A, Yanes A, Chen B, Lazaroff J, Cotseones J, Chiren S, Godinez-Puig V, Maher I, Sobanko J, Cartee T, Keimig E, Poon E, Alam M. 457 Outcomes reported in clinical trials of basal cell carcinoma: A systematic review. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Alam M, Etzkorn J, Albertini J, Bordeaux J, Council L, Maher I, Nehal K, Brodland D, Haas A, Ibrahim S, Keimig E, Poon E, Worley B. 407 Acceptable delay between diagnosis and treatment of melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kang B, Ibrahim S, Shokeen D, Schlessinger D, Maher I, Sobanko J, Cartee T, Keimig E, Poon E, Alam M. 442 Outcomes reported in clinical trials of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: A systematic review. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lee M, Kang B, Wong C, Li A, Naseer N, Keimig E, Poon E, Alam M. 614 A systematic review of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) for the treatment of acute cutaneous wounds. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ibrahim S, Kang B, Schlessinger D, Yanes A, Cotseones J, Ashchyan H, Kurta A, Franklin M, Chen B, Maher I, Sobanko J, Cartee T, Keimig E, Poon E, Alam M. 409 Outcomes reported in clinical trials of facial aging: A systematic review. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Kang B, Li A, Lee M, Wong C, Naseer N, Ibrahim S, Keimig E, Poon E, Alam M. 576 A systematic review of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) for the treatment of noncicatricial alopecia. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sarkar A, Rahman S, Roy M, Alam M, Hossain M, Ahmed T. Impact of blanching pretreatment on physicochemical properties, and drying characteristics of cabbage (Brassica oleracea). FOOD RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.5(2).556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) is popular winter vegetables cultivated all over Bangladesh
and contains essential nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pre-blanching
on the preservation of cabbage by drying. In this research work, cabbage was blanched at
80°C, 90°C, and 100°C temperature for 12, 8, and 2 mins, respectively. Then the samples
were dried at 60°C maintaining 60% relative humidity. The moisture and ash content of
untreated and treated dried samples was in the range of 16.07±0.04 to 10.80±0.01% and
5.71±0.06 to 3.81±0.02%, respectively. The total phenolic content in cabbage was
74.47±0.63 mg GAE/100g at 100°C blanching temperature for a short time of 2 mins,
which was higher compared to 61.91±0.48 mg GAE/100g at 80°C for 12 mins. It was
observed that the antioxidant activity and two water-soluble vitamins-ascorbic acid and
beta carotene decreased in pre-blanched dried samples in contrast with fresh ones.
Blanching at higher water temperature and a short period was found useful for the
retention of total phenolic content and greenness of cabbage. Blanching pre-treatments
were also found to have better color retention capacity than untreated dried cabbage. A
proper combination of drying time and temperature, along with the incorporation of
blanching pretreatment, might be useful to preserve cabbage for a long time.
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Saima U, Alam M, Akter S. Survival of escherichia coli in Water Microcosm Study and Rethinking its Use as Indicator. Microbiology (Reading) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261721020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Reynolds KA, Schlessinger DI, Yanes AF, Godinez-Puig V, Chen BR, Kurta AO, Cotseones JK, Chiren SG, Iyengar S, Ibrahim SA, Kang BY, Worley B, Behshad R, DeHoratius DM, Denes P, Drucker AM, Dzubow LM, Etzkorn JR, Harwood CA, Kim JYS, Lawrence N, Lee EH, Lissner GS, Marghoob AA, Guminiski A, Matin RN, Mattox AR, Mittal BB, Thomas JR, Zhou XA, Zloty D, Hughes BGM, Nottage MK, Green AC, Testori AAE, Argenziano G, Longo C, Zalaudek I, Lebbe C, Malvehy J, Saiag P, Cernea SS, Schmitt J, Kirkham JJ, Poon E, Sobanko JF, Cartee TV, Maher IA, Alam M. Development of a core outcome set for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma trials: identification of core domains and outcomes. Br J Dermatol 2021; 184:1113-1122. [PMID: 33236347 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of uniformity in the outcomes reported in clinical studies of the treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) complicates efforts to compare treatment effectiveness across trials. OBJECTIVES To develop a core outcome set (COS), a minimum set of agreed-upon outcomes to be measured in all clinical trials of a given disease or outcome, for the treatment of cSCC. METHODS One hundred and nine outcomes were identified via a systematic literature review and interviews with 28 stakeholders. After consolidation of this long list, 55 candidate outcomes were rated by 19 physician and 10 patient stakeholders, in two rounds of Delphi exercises. Outcomes scored 'critically important' (score of 7, 8 or 9) by ≥ 70% of patients and ≥ 70% of physicians were provisionally included. At the consensus meeting, after discussion and voting of 44 international experts and patients, the provisional list was reduced to a final core set, for which consensus was achieved among all meeting participants. RESULTS A core set of seven outcomes was finalized at the consensus meeting: (i) serious or persistent adverse events, (ii) patient-reported quality of life, (iii) complete response, (iv) partial response, (v) recurrence-free survival, (vi) progression-free survival and (vii) disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS In order to increase the comparability of results across trials and to reduce selective reporting bias, cSCC researchers should consider reporting these core outcomes. Further work needs to be performed to identify the measures that should be reported for each of these outcomes.
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Alam M, Khan MA, Khan RU. On Upper k-Record Values from the Generalized Linear Exponential Distribution. JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.2991/jsta.d.210216.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Alam M, Samad MD, Vidyaratne L, Glandon A, Iftekharuddin KM. Survey on Deep Neural Networks in Speech and Vision Systems. Neurocomputing 2020; 417:302-321. [PMID: 33100581 PMCID: PMC7584105 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2020.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This survey presents a review of state-of-the-art deep neural network architectures, algorithms, and systems in vision and speech applications. Recent advances in deep artificial neural network algorithms and architectures have spurred rapid innovation and development of intelligent vision and speech systems. With availability of vast amounts of sensor data and cloud computing for processing and training of deep neural networks, and with increased sophistication in mobile and embedded technology, the next-generation intelligent systems are poised to revolutionize personal and commercial computing. This survey begins by providing background and evolution of some of the most successful deep learning models for intelligent vision and speech systems to date. An overview of large-scale industrial research and development efforts is provided to emphasize future trends and prospects of intelligent vision and speech systems. Robust and efficient intelligent systems demand low-latency and high fidelity in resource-constrained hardware platforms such as mobile devices, robots, and automobiles. Therefore, this survey also provides a summary of key challenges and recent successes in running deep neural networks on hardware-restricted platforms, i.e. within limited memory, battery life, and processing capabilities. Finally, emerging applications of vision and speech across disciplines such as affective computing, intelligent transportation, and precision medicine are discussed. To our knowledge, this paper provides one of the most comprehensive surveys on the latest developments in intelligent vision and speech applications from the perspectives of both software and hardware systems. Many of these emerging technologies using deep neural networks show tremendous promise to revolutionize research and development for future vision and speech systems.
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Alam M, Wiles R, Rooney P, Ahmed S. Laparoscopic drainage of an intra-abdominal desmoid abscess - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:2359. [PMID: 32939949 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Tai A, Singh M, Binko J, Lilly K, Chang S, Bowles S, Alam M. 69TiP MADELINE Asia: A mobile app-based prospective observational study of patient reported outcomes in advanced breast cancer in Asia. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Alam M, Ahmad FU, Mazid R, Roy S, Al-Maruf A, Rasheduzzaman M, Hoque N, Ahmed S, Nasreen SA, Rahman MS, Paul SK, Kobayashi N. Molecular Detection of Human Brucellosis among Patients with Pyrexia of Unknown Origin. Mymensingh Med J 2020; 29:771-778. [PMID: 33116076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the molecular detection of human brucellosis among patients with pyrexia of unknown origin. It was a cross-sectional descriptive study and was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Non-probability purposive type of sampling technique was used. Blood samples were collected from 400 pyretic patients from September 2018 to August 2019. BCSP31 Brucella genus-specific TaqMan real-time PCR and SYBR Green real-time PCR were undertaken for molecular detection. Out of 400 samples, 22 (5.5%) samples found BCSP31 Brucella genus-specific real-time PCR positive. The study revealed that a considerable number of brucellosis is present in rural areas among risk as well as non-risk group study population having definite male predominancy, most prone to develop among >40-80 years age group. Brucella genus and species-specific real-time PCR might be performed for confirmation and also to avoid unjustified costs, drug toxicity, and un-masking of other potentially dangerous diseases.
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Hammar LM, Alam M, Olsen M, Swall A, Boström AM. Being Treated With Respect and Dignity?-Perceptions of Home Care Service Among Persons With Dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 22:656-662. [PMID: 32839126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies on the quality of home care services (HCS) offered to persons with dementia (PwDs) reveal the prevalence of unmet needs and dissatisfaction related to encounters and a lack of relationships with staff. The objective of this study was to enhance knowledge of the perceptions of PwDs regarding their treatment with dignity and respect in HCS over time. DESIGN A mixed longitudinal cohort study was designed to study trends in the period between 2016 and 2018 and compare the results between PwDs (cases) and persons without dementia (controls) living at home with HCS. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Persons aged 65 years and older with HCS in Sweden. METHODS Data from an existing yearly HCS survey by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare (NBHW) was used. The focus was on questions concerning dignity and respect. NBHW data sets on diagnoses, medications, HCS hours, and demographic information were also used. We applied GEE logistic and cumulative logit regression models to estimate effects and trends of interest after controlling for the effects of age, gender, self-rated health, and number of HCS hours. RESULTS Over the study period, 271,915 (PwDs = 8.1%) respondents completed the survey. The results showed that PwDs were significantly less likely (3%-10% lower odds and cumulative odds) than controls to indicate that they were satisfied in response to questions related to dignity and respect. Both groups experienced a decrease in satisfaction from 2016 to 2018. Females, individuals with poor self-rated health, and individuals granted more HCS hours were found to be more dissatisfied. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The HCS organization needs to shift from a task-oriented system to a person-centered approach, where dignity and respect are of the utmost importance. The HCS organizations need to be developed to focus on competence in person-centered care, and leadership to support staff.
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Harikumar V, Reynolds K, Hsu D, Chen B, Lazaroff J, Gwillim E, Poon E, Alam M. LB927 Predictors of post-operative wound dehiscence: An analysis of the northwestern medicine enterprise data warehouse (nmedw). J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hawkshaw N, Hardman J, Alam M, Jimenez F, Paus R. 涉及毛发生长周期的一组基因的研究. Br J Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hawkshaw N, Hardman J, Alam M, Jimenez F, Paus R. A study of a group of genes involved in the hair growth cycle. Br J Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Iannuccilli J, Alam M, Collins S, Baird G. 3:18 PM Abstract No. 129 Effect of background liver cirrhosis on performance of a 915-MHz synchronous phased array microwave ablation device: 3D imaging assessment of ablation zone volume and morphology. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Chéret J, Piccini I, Hardman-Smart J, Ghatak S, Alam M, Lehmann J, Jimenez F, Erdmann H, Poblet E, Botchkareva N, Paus R, Bertolini M. Preclinical evidence that the PPARγ modulator, N-Acetyl-GED-0507-34-Levo, may protect human hair follicle epithelial stem cells against lichen planopilaris-associated damage. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:e195-e197. [PMID: 31774585 PMCID: PMC7154684 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ahmad FU, Paul SK, Aung MS, Mazid R, Alam M, Ahmed S, Haque N, Hossain MA, Paul S, Sharmin R, Kobayashi N. Co-circulation of dengue virus type 3-genotype I and type 2-Cosmopolitan genotype in 2018 outbreak in Dhaka, Bangladesh. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 33:100629. [PMID: 31908784 PMCID: PMC6940688 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) that caused an outbreak in Dhaka, Bangladesh during 2018 was analysed phylogenetically. DENV samples were classified into type 2-Cosmopolitan genotype (54%) and type 3-genotype I (46%), indicating co-circulation of two DENV types and resurgence of type 3 associated with genotype replacement.
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